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<document id="5F86325726895CD3E472625DC1B9961F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280935" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb7a34c8-9fd0-4548-9b6f-9103d4c1413d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280935" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460479124882" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orselli, Lara, Clausi, Mirella &amp; Vinciguerra, Maria Teresa" docDate="2012" docId="03E10A1FFFA8FFE1EEC5F94B2795FB1B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03302p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3302" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paradorylaimus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFD87267FFA6FFEEEE52FFB02543FFF3" masterDocTitle="The genus Paradorylaimus Andrássy, 1969 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with description of three new species from Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698307225612" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A67753C341560FA99C98E59A4F491722">The genus Paradorylaimus Andrássy, 1969 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with description of three new species from Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0ECFC3D0CDC8BB4AA8DD20FCD8D2F45F">Orselli, Lara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF79545708E3C596968DE920D93F0EF2">Clausi, Mirella</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5DA47276C827810EE7E30BDBF4402F1">Vinciguerra, Maria Teresa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="106B6D8F4C88A6BA4F434F4FF3281A77">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F1501C4775FCB6275B14085B97C65DE5">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E10A1FFFA8FFE1EEC5F94B2795FB1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5615651" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5615651" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E10A1FFFA8FFE1EEC5F94B2795FB1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E10A1FFFA8FFE1EEC5F94B2795FB1B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="C352E882FFA8FFE0EEC5F94B24A3F8E5" box="[151,480,1787,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF7BB09FFA8FFE0EEC5F94B24A3F8E5" blockId="14.[151,480,1787,1814]" box="[151,480,1787,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0BF0C65FFA8FFE0EEC5F94B24A3F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,480,1787,1814]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0EEC5F94B24A3F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,480,1787,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA8FFE0EF4CF94C24A3F8E5" box="[286,480,1788,1814]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0EF4CF94C24A3F8E5" bold="true" box="[286,480,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352E882FFA8FFE1EEC5F8F22795FB1B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF7BB09FFA8FFE1EEC5F8F227E5FD5B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1858,2026]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1256]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA8FFE0EEC5F8F22416F8A9" author="Andrassy" box="[151,341,1858,1882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Andrassy, I. (1969) Taxonomische Ubersicht der Familien Prodorylaimidae n. fam. und Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876. Opuscola Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici Universitatis Budapestinensis, 9, 187 - 233." type="journal article" year="1969">Andrássy (1969)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA8FFE0EC7DF8F327A6F8A8" box="[559,741,1859,1883]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0EC7DF8F327A6F8A8" box="[559,741,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the species
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA8FFE0EDC9F8F320DFF8A9" authority="De Coninck, 1935" authorityName="De Coninck" authorityYear="1935" box="[923,1436,1858,1883]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parafecundus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0EDC9F8F32183F8A8" box="[923,1216,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Dorylaimus parafecundus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA8FFE0EA98F8F320DFF8A9" author="De" box="[1226,1436,1858,1882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="De Coninck, L. A. (1935) Contribution a la connaissance des nematodes libres du Congo belge. I-Les nematodes libres des marais de la Nyamuamba (Ruwenzori) et des sources chaudes du Mont Banze (Lac Kivu). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 26 (2), 211 - 232." type="journal article" year="1935">De Coninck, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54F305ABFFA8FFE0EECCF8D72593F88C" box="[158,208,1895,1919]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
species),
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA8FFE0EF16F8D7265EF88C" authority="Schneider, 1935" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1935" box="[324,797,1895,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriatus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0EF16F8D7271EF88C" box="[324,605,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Dorylaimus tenuistriatus</emphasis>
Schneider, 1935
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA8FFE0ED05F8D7202DF88C" authority="Andrassy, 1959" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1959" box="[855,1390,1895,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="wilhelmschneideri">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0ED05F8D721F1F88C" box="[855,1202,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Dorylaimus wilhelmschneideri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA8FFE0EAE9F8D7202DF88C" author="Andrassy" box="[1211,1390,1895,1919]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Andrassy, I. (1959) Taxonomische Ubersicht der Dorylaimen (Nematoda). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 5, 191 - 240." type="journal article" year="1959">Andrássy, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. He based its diagnosis mainly on the presence of a short pre-rectum, 10–20 supplements in males and longitudinally striated cuticle.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA8FFE0EF1AF81F271DF834" author="Loof" box="[328,606,1967,1991]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Loof, P. A. A. &amp; Coomans, A. (1986) The genus Paradorylaimus Andrassy, 1969 (Dorylaimoidea: Nematoda). Hydrobiologia, 133, 179 - 186." type="journal article" year="1986">Loof &amp; Coomans (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, having examined the
<typeStatus id="54F305ABFFA8FFE0ED0BF80026CAF83B" box="[857,905,1968,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA8FFE0EA7BF80021A9F834" box="[1065,1258,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA8FFE0EA7BF80021A5F834" box="[1065,1254,1967,1991]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parafecundus">D. parafecundus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
having realized that there were no longitudinal ridges in the cuticle, as erroneously described by De Coninck, not considering significant the pre-rectum length nor the number of supplements to define the genus, considered
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EAB4FF2820DFFF43" box="[1254,1436,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EAB4FF2820DFFF43" box="[1254,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EF71FF0C270AFF27" authority="Siddiqi, 1969" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1969" box="[291,585,188,212]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EF71FF0C24EAFF27" box="[291,425,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
Siddiqi, 1969
</taxonomicName>
; moreover, they redescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EDDEFF0D2179FF27" box="[908,1082,189,212]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriatus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EDDEFF0D2179FF27" box="[908,1082,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">D. tenuistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and attributed it to
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EB44FF0C20DFFF27" box="[1302,1436,188,212]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EB44FF0C20DFFF27" box="[1302,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EEAEFF6F24FFFF04" author="Andrassy" box="[252,444,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Andrassy, I. (1988) The superfamily Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) - a review. Family Dorylaimidae. Opuscola Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis, 23, 3 - 63." type="journal article" year="1988">Andrássy (1988)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed the validity of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1ED23FF502164FF0B" box="[881,1063,224,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1ED23FF502164FF0B" box="[881,1063,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which in his opinion could be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EF22FEB424B5FEEF" box="[368,502,260,284]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EF22FEB424B5FEEF" box="[368,502,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not only by the shorter pre-rectum but also by the relatively longer odontostyle and the smaller number of supplements, and transferred to this genus also the species
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EA08FE98241EFE97" authority="Tsalolikhin, 1977" authorityName="Tsalolikhin" authorityYear="1977" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Mesodorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jankowskyi">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EA08FE9820D8FEB3" box="[1114,1435,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Mesodorylaimus jankowskyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EEC5FEFC241EFE97" author="Tsalolikhin" box="[151,349,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Tsalolikhin, S. J. (1977) New species of Dorylaimida (Nematoda) from Baikal Lake. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 56, 460 - 463." type="journal article" year="1977">Tsalolikhin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Notwithstanding such confirmation some species with the above mentioned characteristics were successively described as belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EC19FEC02792FE7B" box="[587,721,368,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EC19FEC02792FE7B" box="[587,721,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1ECB3FEC126ABFE74" authority="Loof, 1996" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1996" box="[737,1000,367,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vacillans">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1ECB3FEC12620FE7B" box="[737,867,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">L. vacillans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1ED3BFEDF26ABFE74" author="Loof" box="[873,1000,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Loof, P. A. A. (1996) Six new species of the genus Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969 (Nematoda: Dorylaimidea). Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 19 (3), 235 - 250." type="journal article" year="1996">Loof, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EDA6FEC120DBFE74" authority="Ahmad &amp; Shaheen, 2004" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Shaheen" authorityYear="2004" box="[1012,1432,367,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="esquiveli">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EDA6FEC12136FE7B" box="[1012,1141,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">L. esquiveli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EA29FEDF20DBFE74" author="Ahmad" box="[1147,1432,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Ahmad, W. &amp; Shaheen, A. (2004) Five new and two known species of the family Dorylaimidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Costa Rica. Nematology, 6, 567 - 584." type="journal article" year="2004">Ahmad &amp; Shaheen, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EEC5FE2527CCFE5F" authority="Banyiamuddin &amp; Ahmad, 2006" authorityName="Banyiamuddin &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,655,404,428]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cardiacus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EEC5FE252462FE5F" box="[151,289,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">L. cardiacus</emphasis>
Banyiamuddin &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EFA3FE2427CCFE5F" author="Ahmad" box="[497,655,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Baniyamuddin, M. &amp; Ahmad, W. (2006) New and known species of Dorylaimidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Nematology, 8 (4), 491 - 510." type="journal article" year="2006">Ahmad, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1ECF3FE242691FE5F" author="Jairajpuri" box="[673,978,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Jairajpuri, M. S. &amp; Ahmad, W. (1992) Dorylaimida. Free-living, Predaceous and Plant-parasitic Nematodes. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands." type="book" year="1992">Jairajpuri &amp; Ahmad (1992)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EA08FE242053FE5F" box="[1114,1296,404,428]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EA08FE242053FE5F" box="[1114,1296,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EEC5FE082774FE3C" authority="Jairajpuri, 1966" authorityName="Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,567,439,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Drepanodorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EEC5FE08243BFE23" box="[151,376,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Drepanodorylaimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EFD3FE072774FE3C" author="Jairajpuri" box="[385,567,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Jairajpuri, M. S. (1966) Drepanodorylaimus filiformis n. gen. n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Labdev. Journal of Science and Technology (India), 4, 181 - 183." type="journal article" year="1966">Jairajpuri, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EC17FE07265DFE3C" author="Vinciguerra" box="[581,798,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Vinciguerra, M. T. (2006) Dorylaimida. Part II: Superfamily Dorylaimoidea. In Eyualem-Abebe, Andrassy, I. &amp; Traunspurger, W. (eds), Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI, Wellingford, pp. 392 - 467." type="book chapter" year="2006">Vinciguerra (2006)</bibRefCitation>
considered this genus valid. Recently
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EA8CFE0720DFFE3C" author="Andrassy" box="[1246,1436,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Andrassy, I. (2009) Free-living nematode of Hungary. III (Nematoda errantia). Pedozoologica Hungarica, 5, 608 pp." type="book" year="2009">Andrássy (2009)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed once more his opinion on the validity of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EDC0FE6C210BFE07" box="[914,1096,476,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EDC0FE6C210BFE07" box="[914,1096,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he collocated in the subfamily Afrodorylaiminae of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EC26FE4F264DFDE4" box="[628,782,511,535]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Dorylaimidae</taxonomicName>
due to the arrangement of the labial papillae in an anterior circle of 10 and a posterior of 6, as also observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1ECB8FD9526E6FDCF" box="[746,933,548,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parafecundus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1ECB8FD9526E6FDCF" box="[746,933,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">D. parafecundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EDAEFD9521E9FDCF" box="[1020,1194,549,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriatus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EDAEFD9521E9FDCF" box="[1020,1194,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">D. tenuistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EA84FD9425A0FDAC" author="Loof" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Loof, P. A. A. &amp; Coomans, A. (1986) The genus Paradorylaimus Andrassy, 1969 (Dorylaimoidea: Nematoda). Hydrobiologia, 133, 179 - 186." type="journal article" year="1986">Loof &amp; Coomans (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, arrangement which he considered typical of the subfamily. Andrássy added a further diagnostic character of the genus: the small oval sperm, and transferred to it the three above mentioned species of
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EAFBFDDC206CFD77" box="[1193,1327,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EAFBFDDC206CFD77" box="[1193,1327,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while he considered
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EF45FD2127E5FD5B" box="[279,678,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EF45FD212486FD5B" box="[279,453,657,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriatus">D. tenuistriatus</taxonomicName>
species inquirenda.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7BB09FFA9FFE1EE9BFD042795FB1B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
Having studied the present South American species, we agree with Andrássy’s opinion on the validity of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EEBBFD6824DCFD03" box="[233,415,728,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EEBBFD6824DCFD03" box="[233,415,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EC5EFD6727E9FD1C" box="[524,682,727,751]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Dorylaimidae</taxonomicName>
. It must be said that the boundaries between the genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EEC5FD4C2472FCE7" box="[151,305,764,788]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Dorylaimidae</taxonomicName>
are not always well defined since not all of them possess autapomorphic characters: some genera are characterized only by a unique combination of characters. This is true for
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EA67FC9020DBFCC4" authority="Andrssy, 1959" authorityName="Andrssy" authorityYear="1959" box="[1077,1432,799,824]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Prodorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EA67FC90219FFCCB" box="[1077,1244,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Prodorylaimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EAB9FCAF20DBFCC4" author="Andrssy" box="[1259,1432,799,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Andrassy, I. (1959) Taxonomische Ubersicht der Dorylaimen (Nematoda). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 5, 191 - 240." type="journal article" year="1959">Andrssy, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EEC5FCF42755FCAF" authority="Andrassy, 1969" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,534,836,860]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Prodorylaimium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EEC5FCF4240CFCAF" box="[151,335,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Prodorylaimium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9C6F8FFA9FFE1EF0FFCF42755FCAF" author="Andrassy" box="[349,534,836,860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refString="Andrassy, I. (1969) Taxonomische Ubersicht der Familien Prodorylaimidae n. fam. und Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876. Opuscola Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici Universitatis Budapestinensis, 9, 187 - 233." type="journal article" year="1969">Andrássy, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EC7BFCF427ECFCAF" box="[553,687,836,860]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EC7BFCF427ECFCAF" box="[553,687,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1ECA6FCF426E9FCAF" box="[756,938,836,860]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1ECA6FCF426E9FCAF" box="[756,938,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, each of which shows a combination of characters of its own. On such basis
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EC1CFCD82647FC73" box="[590,772,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EC1CFCD82647FC73" box="[590,772,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EDF4FCD8216FFC73" box="[934,1068,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Laimydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EDF4FCD8216FFC73" box="[934,1068,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Laimydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in some respects. Another, not minor, characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EFF2FC3C2715FC57" box="[416,598,908,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EFF2FC3C2715FC57" box="[416,598,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by its geographical distribution:
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EA3BFC3C21E6FC57" box="[1129,1189,908,932]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">India</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra,
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EB49FC3C20DBFC57" box="[1307,1432,908,932]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EEC5FC1F244EFC34" box="[151,269,943,967]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EF4AFC1F2434FC34" box="[280,375,943,967]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EFD1FC012744FC34" box="[387,519,943,969]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
and Siberia. With the exception of the last locality, all the others were part of the paleocontinent Gondwana. This group of species might have originated there from a common ancestor. In particular, the four species from
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EC4EFC47273AFBFC" box="[540,633,1015,1039]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
studied by us appear more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EAF2FC492066FBE3" box="[1184,1317,1016,1040]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vacillans">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EAF2FC492066FBE3" box="[1184,1317,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">P. vacillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EBD5FC4925B8FBC7" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="esquiveli">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EBD5FC4925B8FBC7" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">P. esquiveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively found in
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EFA9FBAC272DFBC7" box="[507,622,1052,1076]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and in
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1ECEDFBAC267EFBC7" box="[703,829,1052,1076]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; the central and southern
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EA08FBAC21FEFBC7" box="[1114,1213,1052,1076]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">America</collectingCountry>
, therefore, seems to be the main region where this genus has had its evolutionary radiation. The Siberian species,
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EABDFBF120D6FBAB" box="[1263,1429,1088,1112]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Mesodorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jankowskyi">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EABDFBF120D6FBAB" box="[1263,1429,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">M. jankowskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, though possessing a short pre-rectum, has spermatozoa clearly longer than the largest ones of the species from
<collectingCountry id="F35FFB99FFA9FFE1EE87FB382471FB53" box="[213,306,1160,1184]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(9–11 Μm, as measured from the original drawing, vs. 1–2.5 Μm) and in our opinion its inclusion in
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1EEC5FB1C240EFB37" box="[151,333,1196,1220]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Paradorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1EEC5FB1C240EFB37" box="[151,333,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paradorylaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is doubtful. The species
<taxonomicName id="4C48C08AFFA9FFE1ECD2FB1D2670FB37" box="[640,819,1197,1220]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriatus">
<emphasis id="B93C671BFFA9FFE1ECD2FB1D2670FB37" box="[640,819,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">D. tenuistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, in our opinion fits well with the generic characters and has been included in the species list.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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