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<document id="7A2BA82B3C0B751E96B00308D89D6337" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185079" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ccf711-8db3-47d5-b94f-fbb83876d843" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185079" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459951905914" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Graciolli, Gustavo &amp; Dick, Carl W." docDate="2009" docId="03CD87FEFFA5FF99CFAD67B51651AF92" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01972p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1972" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Basilia (Basilia) dubiaquercus Graciolli &amp; Dick, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFF4FF86FFA4FF9DCF3A643A1318A810" masterDocTitle="A new species of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) from Honduras, parasite of Bauerus dubiaquercus (Van Gelder) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Antrozoinae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698230845063" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="964A8DE179DD12572CA5D148FDE81F26" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0E7EE3A332C57DB2841FBE1DDC0C575C">
<mods:title id="D84794CDF98B839336FB4EDD9398C82C">A new species of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) from Honduras, parasite of Bauerus dubiaquercus (Van Gelder) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Antrozoinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AC9F221FD3A62030EE7076A47B247E41" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0817B1C2C7E45B0484FB0647851F6EDE">
<mods:roleTerm id="E075E2609DB88A727B6A464726C5D1E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A12CFA50E42C05113639C2DA8B1BB9D8">Graciolli, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="02E8DDE10320DEFB7EF714301549CC7B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FB71C82104C3FBB9C2B1C17A94DC0CA8">
<mods:roleTerm id="948B19A1D86A6FB6EB9AF94895B33C8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F1A3B11D0B3AE6618170BE55E4A37D5D">Dick, Carl W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2D762A05563C844DF14C53CEB9277835">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="01F00D4DECDE87087AE228A2F39189B6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5DFA790329F6B67446693D7E8698208B">
<mods:title id="25F9038B14BA95DA93A105687249BCFD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5D26A78E3A542509C7B30D34AD9EC625">
<mods:date id="DF1A55EB8406EC295CE74A3EFB4CB77C">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A21B634504F5FF265C66CD17ED90FFC5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="341366F136149FCC1788B9204C04489E">1972</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1A8F25B7C9BF23DCEE5050B2D5FC3F4B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="13CE6EC75D4445BCF071087886886118" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.185079</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F5C73829DBE8BE449D4B3797FBE2B355" type="GBIF-Dataset">41ccf711-8db3-47d5-b94f-fbb83876d843</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F27AFEFD26B079B1840E08E2C51FEF56" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E4D57A6801E7A36A1B5413A7B3CD21B7" type="Zenodo-Dep">185079</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD87FEFFA5FF99CFAD67B51651AF92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219379" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119376608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87FEFFA5FF99CFAD67B51651AF92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87FEFFA5FF99CFAD67B51651AF92" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="C37E6563FFA5FF9CCFAD67B51206ABC2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA5FF9CCFAD67B5105BABB9" blockId="1.[151,835,911,978]" box="[151,835,911,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="D0938184FFA5FF9CCFAD67B5105BABB9" bold="true" box="[151,835,911,937]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFAD67B5105BABB9" bold="true" box="[151,835,911,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCFAD67B511C7ABB9" ID-CoL="9HSH4" authority="Graciolli &amp; Dick" authorityName="Graciolli &amp; Dick" box="[151,735,911,937]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Basilia">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFAD67B5111FABB9" bold="true" box="[151,519,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia (Basilia) dubiaquercus</emphasis>
Graciolli &amp; Dick
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2235781FFA5FF9CCDDC67B5105BABB9" box="[742,835,911,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA5FF9CCFAD67821206ABC2" blockId="1.[151,835,911,978]" box="[151,286,952,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="135F2A6DFFA5FF9CCFA567821208ABC2" box="[159,272,952,978]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 – 3" captionStart-2="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1854,1878]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,269,1341,1365]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,269,1386,1410]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1416,419,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,354,1304]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,394,1290]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,397,1828]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,354,1317]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,394,1362]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., holotype female, dorsal habitus." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 – 3. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., holotype female. 2. Ventral abdomen. 3. Dorsal abdomen." captionText-2="FIGURES 4 – 5. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., paratype male. 4. Dorsal abdomen. 5. Ventral terminalia." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/185080/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/185081/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/185082/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E6563FFA5FF9CCFAD603D1002AE6A" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA5FF9CCFAD603D1002AE6A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1031,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFAD603D120FAC31" bold="true" box="[151,279,1031,1057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCE276032110DAC31" box="[285,533,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCE276032110DAC31" box="[285,533,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCDFC6032105AAC31" box="[710,834,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCDFC6032105AAC31" box="[710,834,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in having two abdominal tergites, the second of which terminates in two lobes. However this remarkable new species possesses characteristics that expand our understanding of morphological variation among
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCC2A60621094AC61" box="[784,908,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCC2A60621094AC61" box="[784,908,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species. First, tergite I is rounded and much larger than tergite II. Other species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCDE660BA1040AC89" box="[732,856,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCDE660BA1040AC89" box="[732,856,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group typically possess a much smaller tegite I, usually with a medial gap apically.
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCD016092109AACD2" authority="Ferris" authorityName="Ferris" box="[571,898,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corynorhini">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCD0160921038ACD1" box="[571,800,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia corynorhini</emphasis>
(Ferris)
</taxonomicName>
, from the
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA5FF9CCCC760921720ACD2" box="[1021,1080,1192,1218]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA5FF9CCB48609217D7ACD2" box="[1138,1231,1192,1218]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, is the only other
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCFAD60EA120BACF9" box="[151,275,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFAD60EA120BACF9" box="[151,275,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species that possesses a rounded tergite I. A large tergite I also is characteristic of some species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCE2260C2126BAD01" box="[280,371,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speiseri">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCE2260C2126BAD01" box="[280,371,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">speiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCD3060C21037AD02" authority="Guimaraes" authorityName="Guimaraes" box="[522,815,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hughscotti">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCD3060C211BDAD01" box="[522,677,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">B. hughscotti</emphasis>
Guimarães
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCC0160C210EAAD02" authority="Scott" authorityName="Scott" box="[827,1010,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carteri">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCC0160C210B4AD01" box="[827,940,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">B. carteri</emphasis>
Scott
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCCC460C21680AD02" authority="Guimaraes &amp; D'Andretta" authorityName="Guimaraes &amp; D'Andretta" box="[1022,1432,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCCC460C2177AAD01" box="[1022,1122,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">B. dubia</emphasis>
Guimarães &amp; D’Andretta
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCFF3611A117BAD2A" authority="Guimaraes &amp; D'Andretta" authorityName="Guimaraes &amp; D'Andretta" box="[201,611,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunni">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFF3611A1236AD29" box="[201,302,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">B. dunni</emphasis>
Guimarães &amp; D’Andretta
</taxonomicName>
) as well as in both species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCCC9611A174CAD29" box="[1011,1108,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antrozoi">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCCC9611A174CAD29" box="[1011,1108,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">antrozoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Second, tergite II of
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCFAD6172124EAD71" box="[151,342,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFAD6172124EAD71" box="[151,342,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">B. dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the smallest of its abdominal sclerites. In typical
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCC8661721720AD71" box="[956,1080,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCC8661721720AD71" box="[956,1080,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species, tergite II is the most developed tergite. Third, the anal segment is as large as tergite II. In typical New World
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCBD6614A1627AD99" box="[1260,1343,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCBD6614A1627AD99" box="[1260,1343,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of all groups, the anal segment is smaller than tergite II. However, a large anal segment is possessed by some species of Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCEA861FA1160ADCA" authority="Maa 1971" authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1971" box="[402,632,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCEA861FA12FDADC9" box="[402,485,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA5FF9CCECE61FA1177ADCA" author="Maa" box="[500,623,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Maa, T. C. (1971) Revision of the Australian batflies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 28, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1971">Maa 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, the single known male of
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCB3561FA17D6ADC9" box="[1039,1230,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCB3561FA17D6ADC9" box="[1039,1230,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">B. dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a phallobase with six setae anteriorly and one pair posteriorly. New World
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCC8D61D21712AE11" box="[951,1034,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCC8D61D21712AE11" box="[951,1034,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species generally lack setae in the posterior region of the phallobase, whereas such setae are usually found in Old World species (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA5FF9CCA03622A13CEAE42" author="Theodor" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Theodor, O. (1967) An illustrated catalogue of the Rothschild collection of Nycteribiidae (Diptera) in the British Museum (Natural History) with keys and short descriptions for the identification of subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies. British Museum (Natural History), Publication 665, 1 - 506." type="journal article" year="1967">Theodor 1967</bibRefCitation>
). However, all male
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA5FF9CCEFD62021102AE41" box="[455,538,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCEFD62021102AE41" box="[455,538,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Basilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the New World possess at least two pairs of setae in the anterior region of the phallobase (see Guimarães &amp; D’Andretta 1956).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E6563FFA5FF9ECFFC62BD12B2A93A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA5FF9FCFFC62BD1141A942" blockId="1.[151,1437,1031,2018]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA5FF9CCFFC62BD12D9AEB1" bold="true" box="[198,449,1671,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Description. Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F2A6DFFA5FF9CCEEB62B2115AAEB2" box="[465,578,1672,1698]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 – 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1854,1878]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,269,1341,1365]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1416,419,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,354,1304]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,397,1828]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,354,1317]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., holotype female, dorsal habitus." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 – 3. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., holotype female. 2. Ventral abdomen. 3. Dorsal abdomen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/185080/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/185081/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
). Head – Vertex with 20 setae between the eyes near the anterior margin. Anterior margin of gena with 5–6 setae. Post-gena with 4–5 setae. Eye with two lenses on a pigmented base. Thorax – Much wider than long, sternum
<quantity id="4C9C9B0DFFA5FF9CCDAE62E211EEAEE2" box="[660,758,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.67">2.67mm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="4C9C9B0DFFA5FF9CCC4D62E210D2AEE2" box="[887,970,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1mm</quantity>
long. Posterior of mesonotum without medial dorsal digitiform process. Ten or 11 notopleural setae. Thoracic ctenidium with about 20 spines. Tibiae scalpel-shaped, with three ventro-distal rows of setae. Femora II and III with bare anterior surface lacking sensory hairs near base. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="135F2A6DFFA5FF9CCD7E636A11AEAF7A" box="[580,694,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 3" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1341,1365]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,354,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,354,1317]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 3. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., holotype female. 2. Ventral abdomen. 3. Dorsal abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185081/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
) – Tergite I rounded, comprising almost 1/3 the length of the abdomen. Surface setose, except for a bare strip along the medial longitudinal line. Setae on the posterior margin longer. Tergite II sub-cordiform in shape, divided longitudinally; each half ending as a lobe with 4–5 long, thick setae and 2–4 short spine-like setae. Discal setae only near margins. Anal segment larger than tergite II, with convergent sides with 30–31 setae on each side of the midline. Abdominal connexivum with short setae. Sternite I with four setae. Sternite II wider than long (1.19 x
<quantity id="4C9C9B0DFFA6FF9FCC4D64FA10C4A8CA" box="[887,988,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.71">0.71mm</quantity>
), abdominal ctenidium with about 70 spines. Sternite V divided into two elliptical sclerites. Sternite VI not divided, semi-circular in shape, with anterior margin convex and posterior margin straight. Anal sclerite with two setae. Adanal plates small, irregularly shaped, each with ca. 1–3 setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B6660FFA6FF9FCFAD630410A6AF46" box="[151,958,1854,1878]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185080/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[171,1416,419,1807]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA6FF9FCFAD630410A6AF46" blockId="2.[151,958,1854,1878]" box="[151,958,1854,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA6FF9FCFAD63041201AF46" bold="true" box="[151,281,1854,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA6FF9FCE1A6305111AAF46" box="[288,514,1855,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA6FF9FCE1A6305111AAF46" box="[288,514,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Basilia dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2235781FFA6FF9FCD3363051146AF46" box="[521,606,1855,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype female, dorsal habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA6FF9ECFFC63BE12B2A93A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1924,2030]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,298]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA6FF9FCFFC63BE121EAF8E" bold="true" box="[198,262,1924,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F2A6DFFA6FF9FCE2C63BE1291AF8E" box="[278,393,1924,1950]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1386,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,394,1290]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,394,1362]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 5. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., paratype male. 4. Dorsal abdomen. 5. Ventral terminalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185082/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
). As in female except as follows. Head – Vertex with 14 setae between the eyes near the anterior margin. Anterior margin of gena with 6–7 setae. Post-gena with four setae. Thorax – Much wider than long, sternum
<quantity id="4C9C9B0DFFA6FF9FCE7B63EE12B9AFFE" box="[321,417,2004,2030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.66">2.66mm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="4C9C9B0DFFA6FF9FCD2763EE1166AFFE" box="[541,638,2004,2030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.16">2.16mm</quantity>
long. Thirteen notopleural setae. Thoracic ctenidium with about 21 spines. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="135F2A6DFFA7FF9ECE4D64A212F0A8A2" box="[375,488,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1386,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,394,1290]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,394,1362]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 5. Basilia dubiaquercus sp. nov., paratype male. 4. Dorsal abdomen. 5. Ventral terminalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185082/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
) – Tergites I, II and VII with discal setae. Sternite I with 4–5 setae. Sternite II wider than long (1.03 x
<quantity id="4C9C9B0DFFA7FF9ECE8764FA113BA8CA" box="[445,547,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50mm</quantity>
), abdominal ctenidium with about 68 spines. Sternite V with two rows of spine-like setae, with 17 and 20 setae respectively. Phallobase with six anterior setae near apex and one posterior pair near aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1B6660FFA7FF9ECFAD610717E2AD44" box="[151,1274,1341,1365]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185081/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[151,1435,354,1304]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA7FF9ECFAD610717E2AD44" blockId="3.[151,1274,1341,1365]" box="[151,1274,1341,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECFAD6107125BAD45" bold="true" box="[151,323,1341,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURES 2–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECE7361041134AD45" box="[329,556,1342,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECE7361041134AD45" box="[329,556,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Basilia dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2235781FFA7FF9ECD086107119FAD44" box="[562,647,1341,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype female.
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECC7161071047AD45" bold="true" box="[843,863,1341,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">2.</emphasis>
Ventral abdomen.
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECB1361071724AD45" bold="true" box="[1065,1084,1341,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">3.</emphasis>
Dorsal abdomen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37E6563FFA7FF9ECFAD61B8114EADFD" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA7FF9ECFAD61B8114EADFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECFAD61B8124EAD8C" bold="true" box="[151,342,1410,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="54DF884AFFA7FF9ECFAD61B813CCAD8C" box="[151,212,1410,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
Material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DF884AFFA7FF9ECE5961B912C8AD8D" box="[355,464,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female, from
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECDB261B9108DAD8C" box="[648,917,1411,1436]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECDB261B9108DAD8C" box="[648,917,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Bauerus dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male) (
<accessionNumber id="9437AB0BFFA7FF9ECB3F61B91784AD8D" box="[1029,1180,1411,1437]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM118616" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="EnaNcbi">CM 118616</accessionNumber>
, field number TJMc 8123),
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECFD16190128BADD4" bold="true" box="[235,403,1450,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA7FF9ECFD16190128BADD4" box="[235,403,1450,1476]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">HONDURAS</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Olancho, Refugia la Muralha (
<geoCoordinate id="EE50502FFFA7FF9ECC3661911075ADD5" box="[780,877,1449,1477]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="15.083333">15°05'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE50502FFFA7FF9ECC4F619110F8ADD5" box="[885,992,1449,1477]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="-86.73333">86°44'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFDA1028FFA7FF9ECCCC619117A7ADD5" box="[1014,1215,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" value="1992-10-20">20 October 1992</date>
, TJ McCarthy leg.
<typeStatus id="54DF884AFFA7FF9ECFAD61E913E6ADFD" box="[151,254,1491,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
male, same data as
<typeStatus id="54DF884AFFA7FF9ECED261E9114AADFD" box="[488,594,1491,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E6563FFA7FF9ECFFC61C0127DAE2D" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA7FF9ECFFC61C0127DAE2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECFFC61C0124BAE04" bold="true" box="[198,339,1530,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet references the only known, monotypic host species,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECB8B61C11279AE2D" authority="Van Gelder" authorityName="Van Gelder" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECB8B61C113A6AE2C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Bauerus dubiaquercus</emphasis>
(Van Gelder)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E6563FFA7FF99CFFC62701651AF92" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA7FF9ECFFC627010B7AF3D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECFFC62701227AE74" bold="true" box="[198,319,1610,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</emphasis>
As mentioned in the description, the single male specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECB2262711608AE74" box="[1048,1296,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECB2262711608AE74" box="[1048,1296,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Basilia dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a posterior pair of setae on the phallobase, and the female specimen possesses an anal segment as large as tergite II. These characters resemble those of some
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECDF262A11003AEA4" box="[712,795,1691,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECDF262A11003AEA4" box="[712,795,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Basilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Old World. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECB5E62A1163CAEA4" box="[1124,1316,1691,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECB5E62A1163CAEA4" box="[1124,1316,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses some features unique to the
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECED962F91147AECC" box="[483,607,1731,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECED962F91147AECC" box="[483,607,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Future phylogenetic analyses that incorporate morphologic and molecular data should provide insight into the boundaries and stability of the New World
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECA7362D11684AF14" box="[1353,1436,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECA7362D11684AF14" box="[1353,1436,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Basilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups, and their relationships to those from the Old World.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA7FF99CFFC63011761A942" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,2037]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
With the description here of
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECD2D630111CEAF44" box="[535,726,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECD2D630111CEAF44" box="[535,726,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are now two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECB0763011788AF44" box="[1085,1168,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECB0763011788AF44" box="[1085,1168,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Basilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are known to parasitize antrozoine bats. The other species is
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECDAD6359100FAF6C" box="[663,791,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antrozoi">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECDAD6359100FAF6C" box="[663,791,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. antrozoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECB1A63591799AF6C" box="[1056,1153,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antrozoi">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECB1A63591799AF6C" box="[1056,1153,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">antrozoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group and parasitizes
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA7FF9ECFD063B112DFAFB4" box="[234,455,1931,1956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Antrozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECFD063B112DFAFB4" box="[234,455,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Antrozous pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nycteribiid flies are known to be somewhat host specific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA7FF9ECBA063B11653AFB5" author="Marshall" box="[1178,1355,1931,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Marshall, A. G. (1976) Host specificity amongst arthropod ectoparasites upon mammals and brids in the New Hebrides. Ecology Entomology, 2, 285 - 291." type="journal article" year="1976">
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA7FF9ECBA063B1161CAFB5" box="[1178,1284,1931,1957]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Marshall</collectingCountry>
1976
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA7FF9ECA6063B11680AFB5" author="Marshall" box="[1370,1432,1931,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Marshall, A. G. (1981) The ecology of ectoparasitic insects. Academic Press, London. 459 pp." type="book" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA7FF9ECFAD63891295AFDD" author="Graciolli" box="[151,397,1971,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Graciolli, G., Dick, C. W. &amp; Gettinger, D. (2006) A faunal survey of nycteribiid bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Zootaxa, 1220, 35 - 46." type="journal article" year="2006">
Graciolli
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA7FF9ECE326389125DAFDC" box="[264,325,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), but because of their low prevalence and intensity compared to streblid bat flies, their host specificity cannot be scrutinized as carefully. For streblid flies, large and carefully controlled ectoparasite surveys were able to sample high numbers of bat flies from many hosts (e.g.,
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CB0164A21780A8A2" box="[1083,1176,152,178]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CB9364A21696A8A2" author="Wenzel" box="[1193,1422,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. &amp; Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. &amp; Tipton, V. J. (eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 405 - 675." type="book chapter" year="1966">
Wenzel
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CA3164A21650A8A1" box="[1291,1352,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CFAD64FA1217A8CA" box="[151,271,192,218]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CE2464FA12A6A8CA" author="Wenzel" box="[286,446,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1976">Wenzel 1976</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CD3F64FA116AA8CA" box="[517,626,192,218]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CD4064FA10B2A8CA" author="Dick" box="[634,938,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Dick, C. W. &amp; Gettinger, D. (2005) A faunal survey of streblid flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1015 - 1024." type="journal article" year="2005">(Dick &amp; Gettinger 2005))</bibRefCitation>
. Such surveys have documented high host specificity among the dispersal-prone
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CD6764D211CBA912" box="[605,723,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Streblidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Streblidae</taxonomicName>
(Dick 2007;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CC4E64D21793A912" author="Dick" box="[884,1163,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Dick, C. W. &amp; Patterson, B. D. (2007) Against all odds: Explaining high host specificity in dispersal-prone parasites. International Journal for Parasitology, 37, 871 - 876." type="journal article" year="2007">Dick &amp; Patterson 2007</bibRefCitation>
). But regardless of our less-than-clear understanding of strict host specificity among New World nycteribiid flies, it seems clear that nearly all species are at least specific to particular host genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CC4065021775A942" author="Graciolli" box="[890,1133,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Graciolli, G., Dick, C. W. &amp; Gettinger, D. (2006) A faunal survey of nycteribiid bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Zootaxa, 1220, 35 - 46." type="journal article" year="2006">
Graciolli
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CCD66502173EA941" box="[1004,1062,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B6660FFA0FF99CFAD615017F6AD92" box="[151,1262,1386,1410]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185082/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[151,1434,394,1290]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA0FF99CFAD615017F6AD92" blockId="4.[151,1262,1386,1410]" box="[151,1262,1386,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CFAD6150125AAD92" bold="true" box="[151,322,1386,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIGURES 4–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CE7361511134AD92" box="[329,556,1387,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CE7361511134AD92" box="[329,556,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Basilia dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2235781FFA0FF99CD086151119FAD92" box="[562,647,1387,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype male.
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CC0F61501050AD92" bold="true" box="[821,840,1386,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">4.</emphasis>
Dorsal abdomen.
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CB3661501739AD92" bold="true" box="[1036,1057,1386,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">5.</emphasis>
Ventral terminalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB36E8FFA0FF99CFFC618A1651AF92" blockId="4.[151,1437,1456,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Some recent authors have called attention to the loss of biodiversity resulting from co-extinction, especially in the host-parasite system (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CD1061E211ABADE2" author="Dunn" box="[554,691,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Dunn, R. R. (2005) Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority. Conservation Biology, 19, 1030 - 1036." type="journal article" year="2005">Dunn 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CDFA61E210F8ADE2" author="Durden" box="[704,992,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Durden, L. A. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (1996) Host-parasite co-extinction and the plight of tick conservation. American Entomologist, 42, 87 - 91." type="journal article" year="1996">Durden &amp; Keirans 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CCD761E217B3ADE2" author="Koh" box="[1005,1195,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Koh, L. P., Dunn, R. R, Sodhi, N. S., Colwell, R. K., Proctor, H. C. &amp; Smith, V. S. (2004) Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis. Science, 205, 1632 - 1634." type="journal article" year="2004">
Koh
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CB1261E2177BADE1" box="[1064,1123,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CB8561E213A6AE09" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CB8561E213A6AE09" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Basilia dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known exclusively from
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CD3B623A101FAE09" box="[513,775,1536,1561]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CD3B623A101FAE09" box="[513,775,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Bauerus dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an antrozoine vespertilionid bat classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2007).
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CC646212177EAE51" box="[862,1126,1576,1601]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CC646212177EAE51" box="[862,1126,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Bauerus dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of limited geographical distribution (SW
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CE58626A12A4AE7A" box="[354,444,1616,1642]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
south to N
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CD79626A11DEAE7A" box="[579,710,1616,1642]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CDE8626A10D3AE7A" author="Engstrom" box="[722,971,1616,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Engstrom, M. D., Lee, T. E. &amp; Wilson, D. E. (1987) Bauerus dubiaquercus. Mammalian Species, 282, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1987">
Engstrom
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CC76626A109EAE79" box="[844,902,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CCED626A1749AE7A" author="Reid" box="[983,1105,1616,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Reid, F. A. (1997) A field guide to mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. Oxford University Press, New York. 334 pp." type="book" year="1997">Reid 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and is a rarely encountered species, with only
<specimenCount id="9D62FD61FFA0FF99CE4A62421116AE82" box="[368,526,1656,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="generic">52 specimens</specimenCount>
being reported from
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CC3C62421052AE82" box="[774,842,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
mammalian collections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CB4B62421617AE82" author="MaNIS" box="[1137,1295,1656,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="MaNIS (2008) Mammal Networked Information System, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Available at http: // manisnet. org / (accessed 19 November 2008)." type="journal article" year="2008">MaNIS 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, several extensive collections of bat flies have been obtained from the known geographical range of
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CA14629A13EBAEF1" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CA14629A13EBAEF1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">B. dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CE3862F21243AEF2" box="[258,347,1736,1762]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
– 3683 fly specimens,
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CD5362F211ACAEF2" box="[617,692,1736,1762]" name="Belize" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Belize</collectingCountry>
– 1651,
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CC2362F21080AEF2" box="[793,920,1736,1762]" name="Guatemala" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
– 960,
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CCD462F21778AEF2" box="[1006,1120,1736,1762]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Honduras</collectingCountry>
– 2185,
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CBFC62F21626AEF2" box="[1222,1342,1736,1762]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
– 3014, and
<collectingCountry id="F3737678FFA0FF99CFF662CA1257AF1A" box="[204,335,1776,1802]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
– 6231 (source – Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, bat fly collections and databases). Given these data, it is clear that
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CD5D6322103DAF21" box="[615,805,1816,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiaquercus">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CD5D6322103DAF21" box="[615,805,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">B. dubiaquercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits very low prevalence and intensity of infestation (
<taxonomicName id="4C644D6BFFA0FF99CFEC637A12FAAF4A" authority="Bush et al. 1997" authorityName="Bush et al." authorityYear="1997" box="[214,482,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Basilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CFEC637A120FAF49" box="[214,279,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B19FFA0FF99CE25637A12FAAF4A" author="Bush" box="[287,482,1856,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Bush, A. O., Lafferty, K. D., Lotz, J. M. &amp; Shostak, A. W. (1997) Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83, 575 - 583." type="journal article" year="1997">
Bush
<emphasis id="B910EAFAFFA0FF99CE59637A1286AF49" box="[355,414,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) on a host bat species that is also rare in nature. Thus it is reasonable to consider this bat fly species of extinction status “vulnerable” (as is its host), if not even “endangered” or higher.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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