154 lines
16 KiB
XML
154 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="A8C310E696C8A6C7A56A8BECF12D94BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="68525" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6624497" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52fefc99-36df-46d7-91e8-51e724bae638" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624497" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654693298734" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="03CD879C5A7E980AFF50FE7DEA21F798" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Chrysochloridae_0180.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Chrysospalax trevelyani" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="202" masterDocId="FFF4FFE45A779803FFF7FFA3EE05FFAD" masterDocTitle="Chrysochloridae" masterLastPageNumber="203" masterPageNumber="180" pageNumber="202" updateTime="1699339192259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="16C31A7C4A2A0B579EDBF4FD022DBA76" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="73125872B486259A1EB8AF0E703004EF">
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<mods:title id="CF736D73F66240F84F28938EE433B9C9">Chrysochloridae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7A3F306CB15AFB9188E5023B598282A5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B51510B6097A6FBA557B1F44E87B6C91">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="88BBF41F48E0AF4536325D8C99E48196">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7503A69A621B12825C56DEFF78D7A841">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4319B462FBEE771BFB3355D2CE6B2F7C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="DF58940C31F2A16C2B064D9E53B3DB0A">2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="38BB6DAB008BDC5F113B9317AD98FA38" type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="4ADCCFF271BE2201261CEE58D455FD19">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="A71F483CBD39E8DCED95E8E36C76E469">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A734FF9A98503159D322772A47FF6C67">
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<mods:title id="41CA32CD88BDE1AB263AB92A9736328D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="1659484AD1C82F072DA920974B8826F4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6624497</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3C7F6C62920C634091698F8C036A7DD9" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD879C5A7E980AFF50FE7DEA21F798" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624239" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195827544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD879C5A7E980AFF50FE7DEA21F798" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD879C5A7E980AFF50FE7DEA21F798" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF50FE7DEED8FDA1" box="[167,221,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF50FE7DEED8FDA1" blockId="9.[162,1137,478,566]" box="[167,221,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<heading id="D09381E65A7E980AFF50FE7DEED8FDA1" box="[167,221,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<figureCitation id="135F2A0F5A7E980AFF50FE7DEED8FDA1" box="[167,221,478,524]" captionStart="Plate 9: Chrysochloridae" captionStartId="2.[109,139,3303,3324]" captionTargetBox="[12,2734,15,3638]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="0. Yellow Golden Mole (Calcochloris obtusirostris), 1. Hottentot Golden Mole (Amblysomus hottentotus), 2. Robust Golden Mole (Amblysomus robustus), 3. Highveld Golden Mole (Amblysomus septentrionalis), 4. Marley’s Golden Mole (Amblysomus marleyi), 5. Fynbos Golden Mole (Amblysomus corriae), 7. Congo Golden Mole (Huetia leucorhina), 8. Somali Golden Mole (Huetia tytonis), 9. Gunning’s Golden Mole (Neamblysomus gunningi), 10. Juliana’s Golden Mole (Neamblysomus julianae), 11. Arend’s Golden Mole (Carpitalpa arendsi), 12. Sclater’s Golden Mole (Chlorotalpa sclateri), 13. Duthie’s Golden Mole (Chlorotalpa duthieae), 14. Stuhlmann’s Golden Mole (Chrysochloris stuhlmanni), 15. Cape Golden Mole (Chrysochloris asiatica), 16. Visagie’s Golden Mole (Chrysochloris visagier), 17. Rough-haired Golden Mole (Chrysospalax villosa), 18. Giant Golden Mole (Chrysospalax trevelyani), 19. De Winton’s Golden Mole (Cryptochloris wintoni), 20. Van Zyl's Golden Mole (Cryptochloris zyli), 21. Grant's Golden Mole (Eremitalpa grant)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6624554/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">18.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF18FE7DEC87FDA1" box="[239,642,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF18FE7DEC87FDA1" blockId="9.[162,1137,478,566]" box="[239,642,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<heading id="D09381E65A7E980AFF18FE7DEC87FDA1" box="[239,642,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<vernacularName id="056746A45A7E980AFF18FE7DEC87FDA1" box="[239,642,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Giant Golden Mole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFD3AFE7DEA75FDA1" box="[717,1136,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFD3AFE7DEA75FDA1" blockId="9.[162,1137,478,566]" box="[717,1136,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<heading id="D09381E65A7E980AFD3AFE7DEA75FDA1" box="[717,1136,478,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D095A7E980AFD3AFE7DEA75FDA1" ID-CoL="5YTMR" authority="Gunther" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[717,1136,478,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trevelyani">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFD3AFE7DEA75FDA1" box="[717,1136,478,524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Chrysospalax trevelyani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54FDBCEA16FD99" box="[163,1043,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54FDBCEA16FD99" blockId="9.[162,1137,478,566]" box="[163,1043,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<heading id="D09381E65A7E980AFF54FDBCEA16FD99" box="[163,1043,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54FDBCEEEAFD99" bold="true" box="[163,239,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056746A45A7E980AFF0FFDBCEFC5FD99" box="[248,448,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Grande Taupe-dorée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFE22FDBCEC2AFD99" bold="true" box="[469,559,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056746A45A7E980AFDCEFDBCECD4FD99" box="[569,721,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Riesengoldmull</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFD11FDBCED47FD99" bold="true" box="[742,834,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056746A45A7E980AFCB0FDBCEA16FD99" box="[839,1043,543,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Topo dorado gigante</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFCFEFDC6ED57FD07" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFCFEFDC6ED57FD07" blockId="9.[775,1367,613,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFCFEFDC6EDA1FD2F" bold="true" box="[777,932,613,642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D095A7E980AFC58FDC6ED48FD07" authority="Gunther, 1875" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trevelyani">Chrysochloris trevelyani Gunther, 1875</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFC92FD32EA77FD55" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFC92FD32EA77FD55" blockId="9.[775,1367,613,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0C3CD75A7E980AFC92FD32EB0EFD7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864041305" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Pirie Forest, King Williams Town, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa</materialsCitation>
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. This species is monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFCFEFCA4ED67FC3B" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1B66025A7E980AFCFEFCA4ED67FC3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6624544/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" targetBox="[162,753,620,1034]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFCFEFCA4ED67FC3B" blockId="9.[775,1367,613,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFCFEFCA4EDBDFC8D" bold="true" box="[777,952,775,800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to SE South Africa, occurring between East London and Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFCFEFC3FEF13FB07" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFCFEFC3FEB50FBA1" blockId="9.[775,1367,613,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFCFEFC3FEA25FC10" bold="true" box="[777,1056,924,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 215-235 mm (males) and 208-229 mm (females), hindfoot 20-28 mm (males) and
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF53FBB4EF13FB07" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">21-27 mm (females); weight 470 g (males) and 410-500 g (females). The Giant Golden Mole is the largest golden mole. Dorsum is dark glossy brown, yellowish brown, or grayish brown; venteris similar but paler. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54FB13EDE4FA8D" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54FB13EDE4FA8D" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54FB13EF17FB7C" bold="true" box="[163,274,1200,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Transkei Coastal Scarp forests, Amathole Mistbelt forests, and occasionally adjoining grasslands, preferring softsoils, deep leaflitter, and thick undergrowth. The Giant Golden Mole avoids commercial forestry plantations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54FA89EB16FA10" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54FA89EB16FA10" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54FA89EFAAFAEA" bold="true" box="[163,431,1322,1351]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet of the Giant Golden Mole mainly contains earthworms, including giant earthworms (Microchaetes spp.), and millipedes. The Giant Golden Mole mostly forages in leaf litter aboveground, leaving signs of stirred up soil and leaves. Captive individuals eat various food types, including House Mice (Mus musculus).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54FA6BEA65FA48" box="[163,1120,1480,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54FA6BEA65FA48" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" box="[163,1120,1480,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54FA6BEF2CFA48" bold="true" box="[163,297,1480,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Breeding.</emphasis>
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A Giant Golden Mole gave birth to one young in October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF56FA53ED7BF999" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF56FA53ED7BF999" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF56FA53EF89F9A0" bold="true" box="[161,396,1520,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Giant Golden Moles are primarily nocturnal. Diurnal surface activity is unusual and occurs only under cloudy conditions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54F999EDA7F88D" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54F999EDA7F88D" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54F999ED6BF9F6" bold="true" box="[163,878,1594,1627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Giant Golden Moles live in short burrows, c¢.10 m long, that are linked by surface runways. They are frequently active aboveground in leaf litter when foraging and use runways to move between burrow entrances. An unconfirmed report indicated that several adults were dug out of a single nest in July, suggesting conspecifics will share burrows in winter (this is the only suggested instance of sociality for adult golden moles).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54F885EF79F7A0" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54F885EF79F7A0" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54F885EC01F8EA" bold="true" box="[163,516,1830,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Giant Golden Mole has an area of occupancy of only ¢.272 km? with severely fragmented distribution, and faces ongoing habitat loss. Although it has been recorded from 17 localities in the Eastern Cape,it is thought to be locally extinct in somesites previously inhabited. It is threatened by ongoing habitat loss due to urban sprawl and expanding coastal tourism.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65015A7E980AFF54F783EA21F798" box="[163,1060,2080,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph id="8BDB368A5A7E980AFF54F783EA21F798" blockId="9.[161,1367,1047,2101]" box="[163,1060,2080,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="B910EA985A7E980AFF54F783EF39F798" bold="true" box="[163,316,2080,2101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bronner (1995b, 2013b), Bronner & Asher (2016¢c), Maddock (1986).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |