587 lines
80 KiB
XML
587 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document id="FC12A76A075015582DB9A983356E0CBB" ID-CLB-Dataset="32284" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4312.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a0ebabd-a207-48f7-a202-7e4c83ba1840" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="852271" ID-ZooBank="B4C23258-B83E-44Ba-80C3-Fbf07Aa81311" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503911209760" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Freitas, André V. L." docDate="2017" docId="03AC9A4D0C168D66FF5FFE61FD8D6ADA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4312.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4312 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sertania Freitas 2017, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="68B2D520-8732-41BD-9C9E-BDE8110EF7EB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="FF95E2350C148D60FFC8FFD9FF886D28" masterDocTitle="Sertania gen. nov., a new genus of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from the South American dry diagonal" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1698467451620" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="57106C9574B85DC3079D9B76FA0B0773">Sertania gen. nov., a new genus of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from the South American dry diagonal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="60040ACC3C085B81252F6CF0FEB5BE33">Freitas, André V. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="26EF1AFAF71EB6F37A743482EA8104C5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F0272C31D958928FDFE4241220D2F775">
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<mods:date id="EC12B6F0FC3F5E6BF6275EEE8505BFDD">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="98E41315647BAB440660D2A769A9FA8E">2017-08-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="448F781D48C80FA0B7560FA9C438EB12">4312</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AC9A4D0C168D66FF5FFE61FD8D6ADA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132953800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040422" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68B2D520-8732-41BD-9C9E-BDE8110EF7EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC9A4D0C168D66FF5FFE61FD8D6ADA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
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<subSubSection id="C31F78D00C168D62FF5FFE61FD2B6CFA" box="[151,675,440,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF5FFE61FD2B6CFA" blockId="2.[151,675,440,466]" box="[151,675,440,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
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<heading id="D0F29C370C168D62FF5FFE61FD2B6CFA" bold="true" box="[151,675,440,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF5FFE61FD2B6CFA" bold="true" box="[151,675,440,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FF5FFE61FDA06CFA" authority="Callaghan & Kaminski" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,552,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF5FFE61FF756CFA" bold="true" box="[151,253,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Sertania</emphasis>
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Callaghan & Kaminski
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C168D62FDFDFE61FD2B6CFA" box="[565,675,440,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F78D00C168D62FF5FFE27FC936F3C" box="[151,795,510,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF5FFE27FC936F3C" blockId="2.[151,795,510,533]" box="[151,795,510,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF5FFE27FEAE6F3C" bold="true" box="[151,294,510,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Type species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FEE3FDD9FDE36F3C" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[299,619,510,533]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FEE3FDD9FE556F3D" box="[299,477,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Hamearis guttata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C168D62FE2CFE27FDE36F3C" author="Stichel" box="[484,619,510,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1910) Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der Riodinidae Grote (Erycinidae Swains.) (Lep. Rhop.). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 9 - 103." type="journal article" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, here designated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F78D00C168D62FF5FFD98FC4E6EC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF5FFD98FC4E6EC4" blockId="2.[151,1437,577,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF5FFD98FE996F72" bold="true" box="[151,273,577,602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The small size, wing shape and color pattern of adults (
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<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C168D62FC44FD98FC766F72" box="[908,1022,577,602]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,899,921]" captionTargetBox="[183,1426,203,870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1426,193,878]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Sertania gen. nov. species in dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 1 – 4, Sertania guttata comb. nov., male (DNA-voucher BLU 882) (1 – 2) from Capilla del Monte, Cordoba, Argentina (ZUEC), and female (3 – 4) from La Rioja, Argentina (MACN); 5 – 8, Sertania jaibensis comb. nov., stat. nov., male holotype (5 – 6) from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil (MNRJ), and female (DNA-voucher NS 0104) (7 – 8) from Sempre Vivas National Park, Buenópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil (ZUEC); 9 – 12, Sertania lambedor comb. nov., stat. nov., male (DNA-voucher BLU 889) (9 – 10) from Custódia, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), and female (11 – 12) from Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil (Cemafauna-Univasf). Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892879/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
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) make them similar to small species of sympatric
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FEE4FDBFFDBD6F56" authority="(Nymphidiini)" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="Nymphidiini" box="[300,565,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Aricoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FEE4FDBFFE006F55" box="[300,392,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Aricoris</emphasis>
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(Nymphidiini)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the male genitalia and the lacking of the spot at the base of the HW cell Sc + R1 distinguish species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FE3AFD53FDD96F89" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[498,593,650,673]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FE3AFD53FDD96F89" box="[498,593,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Sertania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C168D62FD92FD50FD4C6F8A" box="[602,708,649,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FD92FD50FD4C6F8A" bold="true" box="[602,708,649,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">gen. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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from all known
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FC4FFD53FC6B6F89" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[903,995,650,673]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Aricoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FC4FFD53FC6B6F89" box="[903,995,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Aricoris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. The following two characters suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FEEFFD69FE0E6FEF" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[295,390,688,711]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FEEFFD69FE0E6FEF" box="[295,390,688,711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Sertania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C168D62FE47FD69FE726FE1" box="[399,506,688,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FE47FD69FE726FE1" bold="true" box="[399,506,688,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">gen. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is related to the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FD35FD69FCEF6FE1" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[765,871,688,713]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">Riodinini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FCB1FD68FC3F6FE0" box="[889,951,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C168D62FC09FD68FBD26FE0" author="Harvey" box="[961,1114,688,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refString="Harvey, D. J. (1987) The Higher Classification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 216 pp." type="book" year="1987">Harvey 1987</bibRefCitation>
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): 1) In FW, veins R1 and R2 emerge before the end of the FW discal cell (present in all tribe except
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FC67FD01FB3F6FC7" authority="Doubleday, 1847" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1847" box="[943,1207,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Isapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FC67FD01FC7A6FC7" box="[943,1010,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Isapis</emphasis>
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Doubleday, 1847
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C168D62FB76FD0FFAE06FC7" author="Stichel" box="[1214,1384,726,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines - Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 B, 239 - 452." type="journal article" year="1911">(Stichel 1911))</bibRefCitation>
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; and 2) male genitalia with a broad strap-like pedicel reaching to the end of aedeagus where it joins a broad plate serving to support the aedeagus, and which returns along base of valvae to near the projection of saccus short. However, the wavy distal margin of FW present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FD8FFC9AFD2E6E72" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[583,678,835,858]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FD8FFC9AFD2E6E72" box="[583,678,835,858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Sertania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C168D62FD67FC9AFC926E74" box="[687,794,835,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FD67FC9AFC926E74" bold="true" box="[687,794,835,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">gen. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is rare in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FC5BFC9AFC756E74" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[915,1021,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">Riodinini</taxonomicName>
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(reported in some species in distant genera as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FEC4FCB1FEE86E57" box="[268,352,872,895]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Baeotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FEC4FCB1FEE86E57" box="[268,352,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Baeotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FEB9FCB1FDC66E57" authority="Bates, 1868" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[369,590,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lasaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FEB9FCB1FE356E57" box="[369,445,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Lasaia</emphasis>
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Bates, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FD42FCBEFC666E57" authority="Staudinger, 1888" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1888" box="[650,1006,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Amphiselenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FD42FCBEFC976E57" box="[650,799,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Amphiselenis</emphasis>
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Staudinger, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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). Finally, the deeply notched anterior margin of the tegument with the sides of the indentation parallel, stated as the main synapomorphy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FAFAFC52FEB46EEF" authority="(Harvey 1987)" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">
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Riodinini (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C168D62FF56FC76FEBD6EEF" author="Harvey" box="[158,309,943,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refString="Harvey, D. J. (1987) The Higher Classification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 216 pp." type="book" year="1987">Harvey 1987</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, is a shallow indentation in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FDB9FC76FD586EEE" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[625,720,943,966]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FDB9FC76FD586EEE" box="[625,720,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Sertania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FD1FFC77FCB76EEF" bold="true" box="[727,831,942,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C168D62FD1FFC77FCB76EEF" box="[727,831,942,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C168D62FC86FC77FC176EEF" box="[846,927,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 26" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1302,1324]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,481,1280]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[159,1428,481,1280]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 26. Male genitalia of Sertania gen. nov. species. 19 – 22, Sertania guttata comb. nov. from Punta de los Llanos, La Rioja, Argentina (ZUEC), lateral view (19), tegumen and uncus in dorsal view (20), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (21), valvae in lateral view (22). 23 – 24, Sertania jaibensis comb. nov., stat. nov. paratype from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZUP), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (23), valvae in lateral view (24). 25 – 26, Sertania lambedor comb. nov., stat. nov. from Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (25), valvae in lateral view (26). Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892883/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). This combination of characters is enough to distinguish the new genus from all other described genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C168D62FC8BFC0AFC4A6EC4" authorityName="sensu Callaghan & Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[835,962,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F78D00C168D62FF0FFC2FFE076953" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF0FFC2FFE076953" blockId="2.[151,1437,577,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF0FFC2FFEC66927" bold="true" box="[199,334,1014,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The generic name refer to the Portuguese word “sertão” [sɛʁˈtɐ̃w], ̃ meaning a “place in the interior, far from the sea”, possibly an abbreviation of “desertão” derived from the Latin form
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FAF6FBC2FA13691B" box="[1342,1435,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">desertus</emphasis>
|
||
(wilderness). Currently, it is used to indicate the dry remote areas (cerrados and caatingas) in the interior of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3126BCB0C168D62FA9FFBE7FA13697F" box="[1367,1435,1086,1111]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Antonio-Filho 2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F78D00C168D66FF0FFB5FFDA26C68" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF0FFB5FFE296877" blockId="2.[151,1437,577,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF0FFB5FFE1469B7" bold="true" box="[199,412,1158,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C168D62FE62FB5FFDA369B7" box="[426,555,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[164,1412,714,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,697,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Adult morphology of Sertania guttata comb. nov. from Punta de los Llanos, La Rioja, Argentina. 13 – 16 in lateral view. 13, male palpus; 14, male foreleg; 15, male middle leg; 16, female foreleg; 17, forewing venation; 18, hind wing venation. Scale bars = 0.5 and 1.8 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892881/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C168D62FDFFFB5EFD0A69B7" box="[567,642,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 26" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1302,1324]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,481,1280]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[159,1428,481,1280]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 26. Male genitalia of Sertania gen. nov. species. 19 – 22, Sertania guttata comb. nov. from Punta de los Llanos, La Rioja, Argentina (ZUEC), lateral view (19), tegumen and uncus in dorsal view (20), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (21), valvae in lateral view (22). 23 – 24, Sertania jaibensis comb. nov., stat. nov. paratype from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZUP), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (23), valvae in lateral view (24). 25 – 26, Sertania lambedor comb. nov., stat. nov. from Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (25), valvae in lateral view (26). Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892883/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">19–22</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FD5DFB51FC9D69B7" box="[661,789,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Wing shape</emphasis>
|
||
: FW costa slightly indented midway, then slightly arched to a pointed apex, distal margin slightly indented to M2, then strongly indented to Cu1, then curved convex to origin to Cu2 then slightly indented to tornus; inner margin slightly indented. HW costa straight to Sc, distal margin curved to Cu2 where it is indented before anal angle; inner margin slightly concave to base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FB5AFB20FB756838" box="[1170,1277,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Venation:</emphasis>
|
||
FW with four radial veins, R2 arises basad of the discal cell; 3A of HW slightly truncated, reaching inner margin closer to base; humeral vein truncated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF0FFAB3FDD36BF0" blockId="2.[151,1437,577,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF0FFAB3FEF468AA" box="[199,380,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color of both wings dark brown. FW discal cell with two irregular, white spots outlined by dark scales, with two similar white spots below in cell Cu2-2A; distad in post-medial area an irregular median row of rounded white spots edged basally with black, one each occupying cells R1-R2 to Cu2-2A in which there are two; each bordered basally in black; distally the post-medial area with a submarginal row of smaller orange/white spots between the veins; margin with orange or black scaling; fringe black except at the end of cells Cu1-Cu2 and Cu2-2A where it is white. HW with two white spots outlined with black in the discal cell with two additional spots below in cell Cu2-2A and one smaller white spot above in cell Sc-R s; post-medial area with a median row of faint, irregular white spots from Sc-Rs to Cu1-Cu2, one in each cell, and two in Cu2-2A; distally a submarginal band of orange spots in cells R s to 2A, bordered distad in black; margin with variable black and orange scaling; fringe variably white and black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C168D62FF0FF93AFC146AFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,577,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C168D62FF0FF93AFEF26BD3" box="[199,378,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color of both wings brown, variably infused with orange and white scaling. FW dorsal surface maculation reflected ventrally, the white spots in discal area bordered basad and distad with black lines, those in post-medial area borded basad in black; veins in post-medial area outlined in red scaling; submarginal row of spots largely obliterated, though variably marked with red; distal margin bordered in red/black; fringe as dorsally. HW discal area and anal margin to end of vein 2A strongly infused with white scaling interspersed with red scales, veins outlined in red; post-medial area dark brown with increasing infusion of white scaling toward the margin; veins variably outlined in red; margin red; fringe as dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A7BD30C178D63FF5FFC5AFF356979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892879/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" targetBox="[183,1426,203,870]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C178D63FF5FFC5AFF356979" blockId="3.[151,1436,899,1105]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FF5FFC5AFECF6EB1" bold="true" box="[151,327,899,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">FIGURES 1–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C178D63FE86FC5DFE2C6EB1" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[334,420,900,921]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FE86FC5DFE2C6EB1" box="[334,420,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C178D63FE63FC5AFD826EB1" box="[427,522,899,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FE63FC5AFD826EB1" bold="true" box="[427,522,899,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
species in dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 1–4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C178D63FBF9FC5AFB6A6EB1" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[1073,1250,899,921]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="guttata">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FBF5FC5DFB6A6EB1" box="[1085,1250,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Sertania guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C178D63FB20FC5AFAD56EB1" box="[1256,1373,899,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FB20FC5AFAD56EB1" bold="true" box="[1256,1373,899,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male (DNA-voucher BLU882) (1–2) from Capilla del Monte, Cordoba, Argentina (ZUEC), and female (3–4) from La Rioja, Argentina (MACN); 5–8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C178D63FE53FC19FDEA6EFE" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[411,610,960,982]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="jaibensis">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FE61FC18FDEA6EFE" box="[425,610,960,982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Sertania jaibensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C178D63FDA4FC19FCDE6EFE" box="[620,854,960,982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FDA4FC19FCDE6EFE" bold="true" box="[620,854,960,982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">comb. nov., stat. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male holotype (5–6) from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil (MNRJ), and female (DNA-voucher NS0104) (7–8) from Sempre Vivas National Park, Buenópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil (ZUEC); 9–12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C178D63FEE5FC27FE7D693C" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[301,501,1022,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="lambedor">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FEF0FC26FE7D693C" box="[312,501,1022,1044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Sertania lambedor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C178D63FE34FC27FD57693C" box="[508,735,1022,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FE34FC27FD57693C" bold="true" box="[508,735,1022,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">comb. nov., stat. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male (DNA-voucher BLU889) (9–10) from Custódia, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), and female (11–12) from Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil (Cemafauna-Univasf
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FB31FBC5FA89691A" bold="true" box="[1273,1281,1052,1074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">)</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C178D63FF0FFBA0FED969D5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1144,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FF0FFBA0FE8569B9" box="[199,269,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes brown, frons white with two reddish brown patches of scales, upper surface and collar orangebrown; labial palpi with long white/light brown scales on first two segments, third segment light brown, 60% length of second; antennae brown with white at segments and at base of elongated clubs, antennal length 75% of forewing length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C178D63FF0FFAD0FC5668A5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1144,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FF0FFAD0FE826809" box="[199,266,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface of thorax black, ventral surface light brown, appendages white; forelegs truncated with pubescent white scaling, tibia unimerous, coxa elongated and pointed, midlegs and hindlegs with long spurs at joints and scattered spines along inner margin of tarsal segments. Abdomen dorsally and laterally brown with variable red scaling, ventrad white with long white scales around genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C178D63FF0FFA40FACC6BFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1144,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FF0FFA40FEB96899" box="[199,305,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Uncus bipartite with lateral lobs widely separated and margin serrated, in lateral view rounded; tegumen extending between lobs of uncus with slight peak caudad, tegumen equals length of uncus, posterior margin deeply indented, but not notched; socii broad, pointed, with cilia, and long, reaching cephalad past margin of tegumen; gnathos long, pointed, doubled inwardly; vinculum joined around margin of indentation of tegumen, wider in middle with a small internal flange, slightly curved to back of valvae, saccus only a slight widening at the base; vinculum connected to membrane of 8th sternite supporting long scales; valvae simple, rounded cephalad, pointed caudad, with tips flaired outward, unfused basad and fused posteriad on dorsal surface; aedeagus long, broad with blunt tip without cornutus; attached to this a broad strap-like pedicel reaching to end of aedeagus where it joins a broad plate serving to support aedeagus, which returns along base of valvae to near the vinculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C178D64FF0FF906FDAE6C68" blockId="3.[151,1437,1144,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FF0FF906FE306BD0" bold="true" box="[199,440,1759,1784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Description. Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C178D63FE01F906FDA96BD0" box="[457,545,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[164,1412,714,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,697,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Adult morphology of Sertania guttata comb. nov. from Punta de los Llanos, La Rioja, Argentina. 13 – 16 in lateral view. 13, male palpus; 14, male foreleg; 15, male middle leg; 16, female foreleg; 17, forewing venation; 18, hind wing venation. Scale bars = 0.5 and 1.8 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892881/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Figs 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C178D63FDE7F939FDFE6BD0" box="[559,630,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[176,1425,373,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[161,1425,373,1516]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Female genitalia of Sertania gen. nov. species. 27, Sertania guttata comb. nov. from Pichinal, Salta, Argentina (CJC), ventral view. 28 – 30, Sertania jaibensis comb. nov., stat. nov. from Buenópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil (ZUEC), papilla analis (28), sterigma in ventral view (29), note the oval opening (arrow), signus (30). 31 – 32, Sertania lambedor comb. nov., stat. nov. from Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), sterigma in ventral view (31), note the circular opening (arrow), signus (32). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Fig. 27) and 0.1 mm (Figs 28 – 32)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892885/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">27–32</figureCitation>
|
||
): The female differs from the male in the following:
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FB14F939FAE06BDF" box="[1244,1384,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Wing shape:</emphasis>
|
||
FW costa straight with apex more rounded.
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C178D63FD86F8DDFCB36A34" box="[590,827,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Dorsal wing surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color of both wings lighter brown and infused with variable lighter orange-yellow scaling. FW with the size of the white spots much larger and infused with variable yellow scaling; submarginal area infused with light orange scaling penetrating to the margin along the veins, breaking the dark brown scaling into a series of broad spots between the veins; margin dark red. HW with greater infusion of yellow-orange scaling; discal and post-medial spots much larger with median row nearly joined into a solid light orange band bordered distally and ventrally with dark brown; distal margin and submarginal areas light orange enclosing a row of dark brown spots between the veins; inner margin grey-brown; distal margin and fringe black.
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FEE5FF41FE6A6D98" box="[301,482,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color of both wings lighter, maculation of dorsal surface reflected ventrally identical but more pronounced. FW discal area light orange, post-medial area with strong infusion of dark red scaling; submarginal area grey, margin red; fringe as on dorsal surface. HW with strong infusion of white scaling in the discal area, nearly obliterating white spots; post-medial area with mottled red/white scaling, veins outlined in red; margin red; fringe white/black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C108D64FF0FFE95FC9D6C4D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,789,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FF0FFE95FE856C4C" box="[199,269,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
White frons containing reduced brown scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C108D64FF0FFEA9FBD26C85" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FF0FFEA9FE826CA0" box="[199,266,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface color of thorax and abdomen light brown, ventral surface and appendages white; forelegs with longer spines at joints in tibia, smaller spines on inner margin of tarsal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C108D64FF0FFE61FDD26FAD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FF0FFE61FEB96CF8" box="[199,305,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Corpus bursae with two large, parallel invaginate signa, with wide, sharp points located cephalad in corpus bursae, ductus bursae very long, entering ostium bursae slightly from left, ostium bursae with rounded base to which the narrow ductus seminalis is attached, narrowing to the sinus vaginalis with dense sclerotization laterally; lamella postvaginalis with sclerotized hole in middle; papillae anales somewhat pointed, rounded when viewed laterally. Spermatophores encountered in the corpus bursae large and with long tails occupying ductus bursae; never more than one per female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A7BD30C108D64FF5FF921FDAA6A64" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892881/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[164,1412,714,1756]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C108D64FF5FF921FDAA6A64" blockId="4.[151,1436,1784,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FF5FF921FEDB6A26" bold="true" box="[151,339,1784,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">FIGURES 13–18.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C108D64FDF1F920FD556A27" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[569,733,1785,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FDF1F920FD556A27" box="[569,733,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Sertania guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C108D64FD2CF921FCDF6A26" box="[740,855,1784,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FD2CF921FCDF6A26" bold="true" box="[740,855,1784,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Punta de los Llanos, La Rioja, Argentina. 13–16 in lateral view. 13, male palpus; 14, male foreleg; 15, male middle leg; 16, female foreleg; 17, forewing venation; 18, hind wing venation. Scale bars = 0.5 and 1.8 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C108D65FF0FF8AAFE426C85" blockId="4.[151,1437,1907,2004]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FF0FF8AAFE616AA4" bold="true" box="[199,489,1907,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">History of classification.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C108D64FE39F8ADFD3E6AA3" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[497,694,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FE39F8ADFD3E6AA3" box="[497,694,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Hamearis guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C108D64FC40F8AAFBA06AA4" author="Stichel" box="[904,1064,1907,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1910) Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der Riodinidae Grote (Erycinidae Swains.) (Lep. Rhop.). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 9 - 103." type="journal article" year="1910">Stichel (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from a single female originating from Mendoza, Argentina, with the specimen number 3561. The type is deposited in the collection of the Humboldt Universität, Berlin (examined). The next year,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C108D64FD67F862FCF66AFC" author="Giacomelli" box="[687,894,1979,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" refString="Giacomelli, E. (1911) Lepidopteros riojanos nuevos o poco conocidos. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 72 (1), 19 - 40." type="journal article" year="1911">Giacomelli (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C108D64FC33F862FB616AFB" baseAuthorityName="Giacomelli" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1019,1257,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C108D64FC33F862FB616AFB" box="[1019,1257,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Apodemia minuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from La Rioja, Argentina. This was followed by the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FD10FF41FBF66D98" authority="Kohler (1923)" authorityName="Kohler" authorityYear="1923" box="[728,1150,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guayapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD10FF41FC506D87" box="[728,984,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Hamearis guayapensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FC16FF4EFBF66D98" author="Kohler" box="[990,1150,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Kohler, P. E. (1923) Fauna Argentina. Lepidoptera e collectione Alberto Breyer. I Teil. Rhopalocera. Systematischer Katalog und Studien, Berichtigungen u. Neubeschreibungen. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 18 (12), 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1923">Köhler (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Guayapa, La Rioja, Argentina. Both of these taxa were synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCC2FF64FCF56DFC" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[778,893,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCC2FF64FCF56DFC" box="[778,893,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">H. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same year by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FBBAFF65FA9B6DFC" author="Stichel" box="[1138,1299,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1928) Nacharbeiten zur Revision der Riodinidae (Lep.). III. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 23 (1 / 2), 35 - 46." type="journal article" year="1928">Stichel (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FA86FF65FF6B6DD0" author="Kohler" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Kohler, P. E. (1928) El genero Hamearis. Sus especies argentinas. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 2 (1), 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1928">Köhler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively, and followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FD9AFF06FD7C6DD0" author="Stichel" box="[594,756,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1930) Riodinidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 40, 113 - 544." type="journal article" year="1930">Stichel (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the Lepidopterorum Catalogus. All Neotropical species described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FEE5FEDCFE136C34" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[301,411,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FEE5FEDCFE136C34" box="[301,411,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Hamearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FDEAFEDCFDF96C34" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[546,625,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FDEAFEDCFDF96C34" box="[546,625,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCA1FEDDFC256C34" authorityName="Hemming" authorityYear="1934" box="[873,941,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCA1FEDDFC256C34" box="[873,941,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Audre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FC15FEDDFB2F6C35" author="Hemming" box="[989,1191,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Hemming, A. F. (1967) The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 9, 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1967">Hemming (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FB7DFEDDFF696C68" author="Callaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Soares, A. (2001) A review of the Cinericiiformes section of the genus Audre Hemming and the description of a new subspecies (Riodinidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18 (3), 755 - 763. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0101 - 81752001000300012" type="journal article" year="2001">Callaghan & Soares (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FDC7FEF1FC916C68" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Callaghan & Soares" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[527,793,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" subSpecies="jaibensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FDC7FEF1FC916C68" box="[527,793,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Audre guttata jaibensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a newly discovered population in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following year,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FDFBFE95FCC96C4C" author="Hall" box="[563,833,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002 a) Basal subtribes of the Nymphidiini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae): phylogeny and myrmecophily. Cladistics, 18 (6), 539 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0748 - 3007 (02) 00105 - 6" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Hall & Harvey (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FC7FFE94FB8F6C4C" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[951,1031,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FC7FFE94FB8F6C4C" box="[951,1031,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provisionally to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FA8DFE94FA1C6C4C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[1349,1428,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FA8DFE94FA1C6C4C" box="[1349,1428,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Emesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FF3DFEB6FE6D6CA0" box="[245,485,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Jauffret, P., Jauffret, J. C. & Pessoa, A. (2008) Etudes preliminaires sur la faune des Riodinidae du nord-est bresilien - Etat du Ceara. (Lepidoptera). Description d'une espece et de trois sous especes nouvelles (9 eme note). Lambillionea, CVIII (4), 501 - 510." type="journal article">
|
||
Jauffret
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FE9DFEA8FE186CA0" box="[341,400,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described an additional subspecies,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FC44FEA9FB416CA0" box="[908,1225,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FC5DFEA9FC7B6CAF" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[917,1011,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Emesis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FBCDFEA8FB416CA0" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1029,1225,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="guttata" variety="lambedor">guttata lambedor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, from the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A7BD30C118D65FF5FFACFFF7068ED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" targetBox="[171,1428,481,1280]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C118D65FF5FFACFFF7068ED" blockId="5.[151,1436,1302,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FF5FFACFFEDC6804" bold="true" box="[151,340,1302,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">FIGURES 19–26.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FDC5FACEFDEB6804" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[525,611,1303,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FDC5FACEFDEB6804" box="[525,611,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FDA2FACFFD406804" box="[618,712,1302,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FDA2FACFFD406804" bold="true" box="[618,712,1302,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
species. 19–22
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCAFFACFFB9D6804" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[871,1045,1302,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="guttata">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCB9FACEFB9D6804" box="[881,1045,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FBD4FACFFB076804" box="[1052,1167,1302,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FBD4FACFFB076804" bold="true" box="[1052,1167,1302,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Punta de los Llanos, La Rioja, Argentina (ZUEC), lateral view (19), tegumen and uncus in dorsal view (20), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (21), valvae in lateral view (22). 23–24
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FE3DFA8AFD3F6841" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Callaghan & Soares" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[501,695,1363,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="jaibensis">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FDC8FA8DFD3F6841" box="[512,695,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania jaibensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FD77FA8AFC2C6841" box="[703,932,1363,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD77FA8AFC2C6841" bold="true" box="[703,932,1363,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">comb. nov., stat. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
paratype from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZUP), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (23), valvae in lateral view (24). 25–26
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FC23FAABFB3B68A0" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1003,1203,1394,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="lambedor">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FC3DFAABFB3B68A0" box="[1013,1203,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania lambedor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FB72FAABFA1368A0" box="[1210,1435,1394,1416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FB72FAABFA1368A0" bold="true" box="[1210,1435,1394,1416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">comb. nov., stat. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), tegumen and uncus in lateral view (25), valvae in lateral view (26). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C118D65FF0FFA2BFA146AF6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1522,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FF0FFA2BFE466B23" bold="true" box="[199,462,1522,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Systematic position. T</emphasis>
|
||
he systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FD24FA2AFCD66B22" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[748,862,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD24FA2AFCD66B22" box="[748,862,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">H. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was never solved based on adult morphology only. This taxon was initially associated with the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FD1CF9CEFCCA6B06" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[724,834,1559,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hamearis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD1CF9CEFCCA6B06" box="[724,834,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Hamearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCB1F9CFFC356B06" authorityName="Hemming" authorityYear="1934" box="[889,957,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCB1F9CFFC356B06" box="[889,957,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Audre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its alar maculation, wing shape and distribution range, being externally similar to several species currently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FC15F9E3FBB16B79" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[989,1081,1594,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Aricoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FC15F9E3FBB16B79" box="[989,1081,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Aricoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In a phylogenetic study of the Lemoniadina,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FEF5F986FDC76B5E" author="Penz" box="[317,591,1629,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Penz, C. M. & DeVries, P. J. (1999) Preliminary assessment of the tribe Lemoniini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) based on adult morphology. American Museum Novitates, 3284, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1999">Penz & DeVries (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCBCF986FC616B5E" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[884,1001,1631,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCBCF986FC616B5E" box="[884,1001,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">H. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, concluding that it did not belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FF5FF95BFF536BB2" authorityName="Hemming" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,219,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FF5FF95BFF536BB2" box="[151,219,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Audre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but did not propose an alternative.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FD46F95BFC466BB2" author="Callaghan" box="[654,974,1666,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Soares, A. (2001) A review of the Cinericiiformes section of the genus Audre Hemming and the description of a new subspecies (Riodinidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18 (3), 755 - 763. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0101 - 81752001000300012" type="journal article" year="2001">Callaghan & Soares (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reached the same conclusion based on morphology, but likewise did not propose an alternative classification. Later, in a phylogenetic study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FF5FF913FEA16BCB" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,297,1738,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nymphidiini">Nymphidiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FEFBF913FDBE6BCA" author="Hall" box="[307,566,1738,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002 a) Basal subtribes of the Nymphidiini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae): phylogeny and myrmecophily. Cladistics, 18 (6), 539 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0748 - 3007 (02) 00105 - 6" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Hall & Harvey (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FD6CF912FC9D6BCA" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[676,789,1739,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD6CF912FC9D6BCA" box="[676,789,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">H. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FC90F913FC146BCA" authorityName="Hemming" authorityYear="1934" box="[856,924,1738,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FC90F913FC146BCA" box="[856,924,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Audre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and assigned it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FBA1F912FB306BCA" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[1129,1208,1739,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FBA1F912FB306BCA" box="[1129,1208,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Emesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on undetailed similarities of the male genitalia, suggesting that it should be related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FC67F936FA9E6A2E" authority="(Stichel, 1910)" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[943,1302,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FC67F936FBE26A2E" box="[943,1130,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Emesis xanthosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FBB0F934FA866A2E" author="Stichel" box="[1144,1294,1773,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1910) Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der Riodinidae Grote (Erycinidae Swains.) (Lep. Rhop.). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 9 - 103." type="journal article" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(previously removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FE8CF8CBFE796A03" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[324,497,1810,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Charis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FE8CF8CBFE186A02" box="[324,400,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Charis</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [1819] by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FDB4F8CBFCF66A03" author="Hall" box="[636,894,1810,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002 b) A phylogenetic review of Charis and Calephelis (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95 (4), 407 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2002) 095 [0407: APROCA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Hall & Harvey 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there is not enough information to support the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FE6FF8EEFD256A65" authority="in Sertania" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[423,685,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FE6FF8EEFDA36A66" box="[423,555,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">E. xanthosa</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD86F8EFFD256A65" box="[590,685,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FD7CF8ECFC956A66" box="[692,797,1845,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FD7CF8ECFC956A66" bold="true" box="[692,797,1845,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This species was described from a single female with no locality data; males are unknown to date. The female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCBCF882FC716A5A" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[884,1017,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCBCF882FC716A5A" box="[884,1017,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">E. xanthosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considerably different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FF5FF8A7FF7E6ABD" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,246,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FF5FF8A7FF7E6ABD" box="[151,246,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FF35F8A4FEEF6ABE" box="[253,359,1917,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FF35F8A4FEEF6ABE" bold="true" box="[253,359,1917,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The male specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FDB8F8A6FD7D6ABE" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[624,757,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FDB8F8A6FD7D6ABE" box="[624,757,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">E. xanthosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
referred in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FCB3F8A4FBF36ABE" author="Hall" box="[891,1147,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002 a) Basal subtribes of the Nymphidiini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae): phylogeny and myrmecophily. Cladistics, 18 (6), 539 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0748 - 3007 (02) 00105 - 6" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Hall & Harvey (2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C118D65FB4EF8A4FB1D6ABE" author="Hall" box="[1158,1173,1917,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002 b) A phylogenetic review of Charis and Calephelis (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95 (4), 407 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2002) 095 [0407: APROCA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was not located in the collections at the National Natural History Museum (Smithsonian) in Washington D.C. Until a male is located or a fresh individual be available for molecular work, the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FCAFF81EFC636AF6" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[871,1003,1990,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FCAFF81EFC636AF6" box="[871,1003,1990,2014]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">E. xanthosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C118D65FACDF81FFAEC6AF5" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[1285,1380,1990,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FACDF81FFAEC6AF5" box="[1285,1380,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C118D65FAA3F81CFA146AF6" box="[1387,1436,1989,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C118D65FAA3F81CFA146AF6" bold="true" box="[1387,1436,1989,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C128D66FF5FFF4EFDA26C68" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FF5FFF4EFF406D98" bold="true" box="[151,200,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">nov.</emphasis>
|
||
will remain a mystery. In summary, morphological characteristics do not permit the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FACDFF41FAEC6D87" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[1285,1380,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FACDFF41FAEC6D87" box="[1285,1380,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FAA3FF4EFF406DFD" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FAA3FF4EFF406DFD" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in any of known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FE46FF65FD816DFD" authorityName="sensu Callaghan & Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[398,521,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
tribe. In addition, molecular data given by Seraphim
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FBAAFF64FB136DFC" box="[1122,1179,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(in press) indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FF5FFF39FF7E6DDF" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,246,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FF5FFF39FF7E6DDF" box="[151,246,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FEC8FF06FEE46DD0" box="[256,364,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FEC8FF06FEE46DD0" bold="true" box="[256,364,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a unique lineage with a very long branch with uncertain affinities to the tribes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FAE3FF06FA106DD0" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[1323,1432,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">Riodinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FF5FFEDDFEA46C35" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,300,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FEA1FEDDFE6A6C35" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1897" box="[361,482,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Helicopini">Helicopini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, justifying the description of a new genus for this clade (for a similar situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FF5FFEFEFE966C68" box="[151,286,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C128D66FE98FEFEFD976C68" author="Freitas" box="[336,543,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" refString="Freitas, A. V. L., Barbosa, E. P., Willmott, K. R., Wahlberg, N. & Lamas, G. (2016) ' Species' from two different butterfly genera combined into one: description of a new genus of Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with unusually variable wing pattern. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 60 (2), 157 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rbe. 2016.01.004" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Freitas
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FE6BFEF0FE5B6C68" box="[419,467,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A7BD30C128D66FF5FF9D8FB8A6BBA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" targetBox="[176,1425,373,1516]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C128D66FF5FF9D8FB8A6BBA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1537,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FF5FF9D8FED06B3F" bold="true" box="[151,344,1537,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">FIGURES 27–32.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FDF1F9DBFD076B3F" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[569,655,1538,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FDF1F9DBFD076B3F" box="[569,655,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FD52F9D8FD756B3F" box="[666,765,1537,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FD52F9D8FD756B3F" bold="true" box="[666,765,1537,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
species. 27
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FCB6F9D8FBBD6B3F" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[894,1077,1537,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="guttata">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FC44F9DBFBBD6B3F" box="[908,1077,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FB88F9D8FB306B3F" box="[1088,1208,1537,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FB88F9D8FB306B3F" bold="true" box="[1088,1208,1537,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Pichinal, Salta, Argentina (CJC), ventral view. 28–30
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FDE2F9F9FD7D6B1E" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Callaghan & Soares" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[554,757,1568,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="jaibensis">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FDF2F9F8FD7D6B1E" box="[570,757,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania jaibensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FCC9F9F9FC796B1E" box="[769,1009,1568,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FCC9F9F9FC796B1E" bold="true" box="[769,1009,1568,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">comb. nov., stat. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Buenópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil (ZUEC), papilla analis (28), sterigma in ventral view (29), note the oval opening (arrow), signus (30). 31–32
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FAFEF9E6FF706B5B" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="lambedor">
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FA8EF999FF706B5B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania lambedor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FF37F984FE6B6B5B" box="[255,483,1629,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FF37F984FE6B6B5B" bold="true" box="[255,483,1629,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">comb. nov., stat. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Ibimirim, Pernambuco, Brazil (ZUEC), sterigma in ventral view (31), note the circular opening (arrow), signus (32). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Fig. 27) and 0.1 mm (Figs 28–32).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F78D00C128D66FF0FF960FD8D6ADA" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA2B5B0C128D66FF0FF960FD8D6ADA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1721,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FF0FF960FE7C6BFA" bold="true" box="[199,500,1721,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Biology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FE35F963FDD46BF9" authority="Freitas, 2017" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" box="[509,604,1722,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Sertania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FE35F963FDD46BF9" box="[509,604,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Sertania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FDACF960FD476BFA" box="[612,719,1721,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FDACF960FD476BFA" bold="true" box="[612,719,1721,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is known from open dry vegetal formations (namely the south American ‘dry diagonal’,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E37DE0C128D66FE08F904FDCA6BDE" box="[448,578,1757,1782]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox-0="[275,1328,970,1881]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,194,1179]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[275,1328,970,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1179]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 33. Distribution map of Sertania gen. nov. species (based on examined material and additional records; see text for details), showing the distribution of the three major dry South American biomes (Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco). Black triangles = Sertania guttata comb. nov,; black dots = Sertania jaibensis comb. nov., stat. nov.; black squares = Sertania lambedor comb. nov., stat. nov." captionText-1="FIGURES 34 – 37. Overview of Sertania gen. nov. habitats in South American ‘ dry diagonal’. 34 – 35, Sertania guttata comb. nov., monte vegetation (34) in Anillaco, La Rioja, and Chaco serrano (35) in Capilla del Monte, Cordoba, Argentina; 36, Sertania jaibensis comb. nov., stat. nov., rocky montane fields in Sempre Vivas National Park, Buenópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 37, Sertania lambedor comb. nov., stat. nov., arboreal caatinga in Custódia, Pernambuco, Brazil. Photos (36) by CA Iserhard and (37) by DHA Melo." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/892887/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/892889/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Figs 33–37</figureCitation>
|
||
), and has been recorded in two dry vegetal physiognomies from Argentina and Paraguay (known as “monte” and “chaco”), in the dry forests of northeast Brazil (known locally as “caatinga”), and rocky high altitude grasslands (known locally as “campos rupestres”) in Minas Gerais (SE Brazil). Host plants and immature stages are unknown. A note on an old specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FCBEF893FC696A49" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[886,993,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Audre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FCBEF893FC696A49" box="[886,993,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">S. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2424A320C128D66FC21F890FBE16A4A" box="[1001,1129,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FC21F890FBE16A4A" bold="true" box="[1001,1129,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the museum at La Plata, Argentina reads “con crematogastor” (meaning “with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FD27F8B7FC1E6AAD" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1831" box="[751,918,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FD27F8B7FC1E6AAD" box="[751,918,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[ants]”), but the real importance of this note is unknown, and ant-association (myrmecophily) cannot be assumed. That would be intriguing, as no myrmecophilous relationships are known among the closely related lineages in
|
||
<emphasis id="B971F7490C128D66FB87F86FFB676AE5" box="[1103,1263,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0550D80C128D66FAFAF86CFA146AE6" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[1330,1436,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">Riodinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C128D66FF56F800FEB66ADA" author="DeVries" box="[158,318,2009,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1997) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history. Uol. II. Riodinidae. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 288 pp." type="book" year="1997">DeVries 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9456AA0C128D66FE81F800FE726ADA" author="Kaminski" box="[329,506,2009,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" refString="Kaminski, L. A. (2008) Immature stages of Caria plutargus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), with discussion on the behavioral and morphological defensive traits in nonmyrmecophilous riodinid butterflies. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101, 906 - 914. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 101.5.906" type="journal article" year="2008">Kaminski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |