treatments-xml/data/03/AB/87/03AB87FCFFA46359E1B1FC57FBF8F64E.xml

<document id="A45D826DB7BB4773F6A2FC08275DFD4E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175469" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3c90376-9252-4287-b6c3-bfc54d8bb3fd" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175469" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459809810082" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wallach, Van, Mercurio, Vincenzo &amp; Andreone, Franco" docDate="2007" docId="03AB87FCFFA46359E1B1FC57FBF8F64E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01402p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1402" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Xenotyphlops mocquardi Wallach, Mercurio &amp; Andreone, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF92FF84FFA5635EE126FFFAFFE6F454" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the enigmatic blind snake genus Xenotyphlops in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698220875630" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BD195908E58955BBBA95B8F0698B93FD">Rediscovery of the enigmatic blind snake genus Xenotyphlops in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DA84DF5BBDB977733A6F8A4966BC7DB">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DF454625F26CF2AADB55FF833611ED1">Mercurio, Vincenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="014FC7089B82655193E432A850756120">Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9B20F944262FBB850F2B086A3B4010FA">2007</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE1B1FC57FE23F793" box="[151,453,941,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE1B1FC57FE23F793" bold="true" box="[151,453,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2455783FFA4635FE0EAFC57FDE9F793" box="[460,527,941,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="13392A6FFFA4635FE1B9FC2AFEE9F7BE" box="[159,271,976,1002]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1356,1380]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,255,606,630]" captionStartId-3="3.[151,255,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox-0="[547,1055,745,1310]" captionTargetBox-1="[580,995,1466,1949]" captionTargetBox-2="[646,940,198,570]" captionTargetBox-3="[188,1398,718,1790]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[486,1100,745,1350]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[575,1011,1442,1949]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[594,994,138,594]" captionTargetId-3="figure@3.[188,1398,718,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Lateral view of head of the holotype (MRSN R 3208) of Xenotyphlops mocquardi, showing unique profile with vertically­oriented rostral." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of head of the holotype (MRSN R 3208) of Xenotyphlops mocquardi, with extremely large rostral, nearly as broad as the head." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ventrolateral view of head of the holotype (MRSN R 3208) of Xenotyphlops mocquardi showing enlarged supralabial III, minute infranasal, and projecting mental with corresponding rostral notch." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. The female (MRSN R 3208) photographed in life at Ambodivahibe, northern Madagascar (by V. Mercurio)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/175470/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/175471/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/175472/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/175473/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA4635FE1B1FBE5FF3FF036" blockId="1.[151,1439,1055,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE1B1FBE5FEF6F06D" bold="true" box="[151,272,1055,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA4635FE1B1FBE5FEEDF06D" box="[151,267,1055,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED13AE2FFFA4635FE03FFBDAFE8AF06E" box="[281,364,1056,1082]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">MRSN</collectionCode>
R3208 (field no. 
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13182), an adult female collected by V. Mercurio, on 
<date id="FFBC102AFFA4635FE43CFBDAFF33F036" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2005-01-14">14 January 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA4635FE1E0FB95FEE5F0DD" box="[198,259,1135,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. Ambodivahibe (approximately 
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SE Antsiranana), Antsiranana Fivondronana, Antsiranana Faritany, 
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, 
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, elevation ca. 
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3186561FFA4635FE1E0FB45FAECF23E" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA4635FE1E0FB45FAECF23E" blockId="1.[151,1439,1055,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE1E0FB45FEA0F08D" bold="true" box="[198,326,1215,1241]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE068FB3AFD95F08D" box="[334,627,1216,1241]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE068FB3AFD95F08D" box="[334,627,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be immediately diagnosed from all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE5B5FB3AFAC3F08E" box="[1171,1317,1216,1242]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
by its lateral snout profile (with greatly enlarged circular rostral that is nearly vertically oriented) or anal shield (which is single and broad as in many Alethinophidia). Internally it is unique among the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE57CFAEAFB0AF17E" box="[1114,1260,1296,1322]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
in the absence of a tracheal lung and expanded tracheal membrane, presence of 
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA4635FE2BDFAC2FC28F106" box="[923,974,1336,1362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
G tracheal foramina, and a long heartliver gap. From 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE074FA9AFE21F12D" box="[338,455,1376,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Letheobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE074FA9AFE21F12D" box="[338,455,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Letheobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE0CFFA9AFD74F12D" box="[489,658,1376,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE0CFFA9AFD74F12D" box="[489,658,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Rhinotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which contains its apparently closest relatives, 
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<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE5E8FA9AFA8AF12D" box="[1230,1388,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">X. mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated by a long tail (3.7% vs. &lt;0.7–2.2% total length with a length/width ratio of 2.7 vs. 0.7–1.7) that does not taper distally, high number of subcaudals (22 vs. 6–17), and short snout­heart interval (26.4% vs. 29.5%–40.7% SVL). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE31EFA22FCB8F1A5" box="[568,862,1496,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE31EFA22FCB8F1A5" box="[568,862,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from its congener 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE41FFA22FF03F24D" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE41FFA22FF03F24D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">X. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by midbody scale rows (22 vs. 20), posterior scale row reduction present (vs. absent), third supralabial (larger than fourth vs. fourth larger than third), orientation of anteroventral rostral point (ventrally vs. anteriorly), vestigial left lung (present vs. absent), and anterior liver extension (right lobe vs. left lobe).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3186561FFA4635FE1E0F98DFED2F35E" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA4635FE1E0F98DFED2F35E" blockId="1.[151,1439,1055,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE1E0F98DFEADF2C5" bold="true" box="[198,331,1655,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species in named in honor of François Mocquard (
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), the herpetologist who described 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA4635FE029F95AFDDDF2ED" box="[271,571,1696,1721]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE029F95AFDDDF2ED" box="[271,571,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Xenotyphlops grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. During his life Mocquard contributed in a substantial way to the knowledge of 
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herpetofauna (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA4635FE33DF932FCC3F2B6" author="Glaw" box="[539,805,1736,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Glaw, F. &amp; Vences M. (1994) Amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar. 2 nd ed. Vences und Glaw Verlag, Cologne, 480 pp." type="book" year="1994">Glaw &amp; Vences, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), culminating in his grand systematic synopsis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA4635FE47DF932FEC1F35E" author="Mocquard" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Mocquard, F. (1909) Synopsis des familles, genres et especes des reptiles ecailleaux et des batraciens de Madagascar. Nouvelles Archives du Museum, Paris (ser. 5), 1, 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1909">Mocquard, 1909</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3186561FFA46359E1E0F8EDFBF8F64E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA4635CE1E0F8EDFD2FF6EE" blockId="1.[151,1439,1055,2002]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,698]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA4635FE1E0F8EDFEB8F365" bold="true" box="[198,350,1815,1841]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Description.</emphasis>
An adult female with nearly uniform diameter throughout, snout­vent length 
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, tail length 
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, tail/total length 3.7%, midbody diameter 
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(nuchal diameter 
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, cloacal diameter 
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), total length/midbody diameter ratio 62.9, midtail diameter 
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, tail length/tail width ratio 2.7; scale rows 22­22­20, middorsals 478, subcaudals 22, dorsocaudals 21, anal shield transversely enlarged and single, three scales wide with anterior margin bordered by five scales; tail with uniform diameter throughout, apex rounded, lacking terminal spine; head narrower than neck, snout truncated in dorsal view; rostral narrowly visible in dorsal view due to its angle; rostral very large, and sub­circular, covered with numerous minute, dome­like convexities and with an acute, ventrally directed point projecting from narrow corneal cutting edge; rostral width/head width ratio 0.90; frontal fused with supraoculars to form narrow broad shield bordering caudal edge of rostral and contacting supranasals laterally; discrete parietals and occipitals lacking; lateral profile of snout with plane of rostral nearly vertical, rostral with an acute apex directed ventrally; second largest shield (after rostral) is supranasal, which widens ventrally and contacts supralabials I–III, minute crescent­shaped infranasal separated completely from supranasal by inferior nostril (that contacts rostral) and inferior nasal suture, which contacts supralabial II; preocular absent, presumably fused with supranasal; ocular small, eye invisible, subocular larger than ocular, in contact with supralabial III; 3 postoculars; 
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T­0, supralabial I minute with pointed anterior end, supralabial II twice the size of supralabial I, supralabial III largest, 1.5 times as long as tall, twice the size of supralabial IV and six times as large as supralabial II, supralabial IV taller than broad with a medial indentation (indicative of fusion of two scales); mental shield enlarged and projecting into notch in upper jaw.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7D6662FFA7635CE1B1FAB6FE02F1D2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[547,1055,745,1310]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA7635CE1B1FAB6FE02F1D2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1356,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA7635CE1B1FAB6FEFCF130" bold="true" box="[151,282,1356,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Lateral view of head of the holotype (MRSN R3208) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA7635CE2AEFAB7FB72F130" box="[904,1172,1357,1380]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA7635CE2AEFAB7FB72F130" box="[904,1172,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing unique profile with vertically­oriented rostral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7D6662FFA7635CE1B1F867FE09F383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175471/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[580,995,1466,1949]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA7635CE1B1F867FE09F383" blockId="2.[151,1436,1949,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA7635CE1B1F867FEFFF3E1" bold="true" box="[151,281,1949,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of head of the holotype (MRSN R3208) of 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA7635CE251F864FB6EF3E1" box="[887,1160,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA7635CE251F864FB62F3E1" box="[887,1156,1950,1973]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with extremely large rostral, nearly as broad as the head.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7D6662FFA6635DE1B1FDA4FBB5F6CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175472/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[646,940,198,570]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA6635DE1B1FDA4FBB5F6CC" blockId="3.[151,1436,606,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA6635DE1B1FDA4FEFCF622" bold="true" box="[151,282,606,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Ventrolateral view of head of the holotype (MRSN R3208) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA6635DE2ECFDA4FB30F621" box="[970,1238,606,629]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA6635DE2ECFDA4FB30F621" box="[970,1238,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing enlarged supralabial III, minute infranasal, and projecting mental with corresponding rostral notch.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7D6662FFA6635DE1B1F8EDFA70F37B" box="[151,1430,1815,1839]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175473/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[188,1398,718,1790]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA6635DE1B1F8EDFA70F37B" blockId="3.[151,1430,1815,1839]" box="[151,1430,1815,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA6635DE1B1F8EDFEFFF37B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1815,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
The female (MRSN R3208) photographed in life at Ambodivahibe, northern Madagascar (by V. Mercurio).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA6635DE1E0F898FD10F398" blockId="3.[151,1437,1890,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA6635DE1E0F898FE83F328" bold="true" box="[198,357,1890,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Colouration.</emphasis>
In life the specimen exhibited a pink colouration, with some translucent parts that made visible the darker internal organs. In general, anyhow, pigmentation is lacking throughout the entire body. After two years of collection the 
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA6635DE0F3F848FDDAF398" box="[469,572,1970,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is now whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA6635AE1E0F820FB0AF75E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1890,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1439,152,1978]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA6635DE1E0F820FECDF3A0" bold="true" box="[198,299,2010,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Viscera.</emphasis>
Sternohyoideus muscle posterior tip 8.2%, sternohyoideus­heart gap 0.65; heart 3.0% (MP = 24.8%), elongate with right atrium 0.67 heart length, ventricle 0.53 heart length, and left atrium 0.40 heart length, ventricle length/width 2.0, snout­heart interval 26.4%; heart­liver gap 7.6%, heart­liver interval 45.1%, heart­gall bladder gap 41.6%; liver narrow, straight, and unipartite, each lobe with a single notch (less than width of lobe), colouration light brown with a pattern of black reticulations forming cris­crossing network of roughly parallel lines, right liver lobe 30.2% (MP 53.3%), unsegmented but with notch at 45.5%, left liver lobe 19.5% (MP 43.8%), unsegmented but with notch at 47.3%, total liver 49.7% (MP 51.2%), total liver segments 2, left liver/right liver 0.65, anterior liver extension (0.12 liver length) on right lobe as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA1635AE468FE72FEC2F59E" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
, posterior liver tail (0.43 liver length) also on right lobe; liver tip overlapping gall bladder (liver­gall bladder gap ­ 0.4%), liver­gall bladder interval 31.4%, liver­kidney gap 21.3%, liver­kidney interval 57.5%; gall bladder 1.6 % (MP 68.8%), anterior to and slightly overlapping pancreas (1.4%), spleen not detectable; gall bladder­kidney gap 20.1%, gall bladder­kidney interval 27.8%, gall bladder­gonad gap 10.1%; right ovary 3.6 % (MP 81.5%), left ovary 2.2% (MP 86.4%), total ovary 5.8% (MP 84.0%); right adrenal MP 82.9%, left adrenal MP 87.7%, total adrenal MP 85.3%; gonad­kidney gap 2.2%, kidneys smooth, right kidney 4.4% (MP 92.0%), left kidney 4.4% (MP 93.6%), total kidney 8.8% (MP 92.8%), kidney overlap 0.47 kidney length, kidney­vent gap 4.2%, kidney­vent interval 10.3%; rectal caecum small (1.4%), bulbous and twice the diameter of adjacent intestine, caecum­vent interval 10.9%, caecum/left kidney 0.32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA1635AE1E0FCE2FF34F136" blockId="4.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung, expanded tracheal membrane, left orifice and left bronchus but with a small (0.6%) teardrop shaped expansion of vascular tissue on ventrolateral aspect of right lung just posterior to heart apex (MP 27.1%), precisely where a vestigial left lung would be located. This structure has no free edges, being fused with the parenchyma of the right lung, but has a hollow inner air chamber with a connection to the tracheal airway via the small 
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA1635AE380FC42FD3EF786" box="[678,728,952,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
G foramen between the tracheal tips. It is reminiscent of a blind sac since no bronchus or typical large orifice are present, but since it is vascularized it must be considered a left lung. Trachea (25.6%, MP 13.6%) with pink cartilages and clear interspaces of equal width, lacking free tips, numbering approximately 273 (or 107.7/10% SVL); tracheal membrane thin and avascular, extending along right lateral aspect of trachea, tracheal membrane/tracheal ring ratio at midpoint 0.33; terminal tracheal entry into right lung, anterior tip of parenchyma 24.9%, cardiac lung 1.4%, right lung highly vascular, 23.1 % (MP 37.9%), with two layers of small, thin­walled faveoli along cranial third of organ, a single layer of larger ediculae along caudal 2/3 of lung, lacking avascular portion, tapering to posterior tip at 49.5%; intrapulmonary bronchus short 7.0% with tiny 
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA1635AE3B5FB02FD20F146" box="[659,710,1272,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
G foramina between the cartilage tips, posterior tip of bronchus at 33.4%, bronchus/right lung 0.30; trachea­bronchus 32.6% (MP 17.1%); trachea­bronchus/total lung 0.66.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA1635AE1E0FA8AFA79F256" blockId="4.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Organ midpoint­organ midpoint segments include heart MP­right lung MP (13.1%), trachea MP­liver MP (27.6%), heart MP­liver MP (28.5%), liver MP­total kidney MP (39.5%), trachea­bronchus MP­gall bladder MP (39.6%), right lung MP­total adrenal MP (47.4%), heart MP­right gonad MP (56.7%), trachea MP­total adrenal MP (59.6%), trachea­bronchus MP­total kidney MP (63.6%), and heart MP­total kidney MP (68.0%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA1635AE1E0F9F5FD0DF29E" blockId="4.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA1635AE1E0F9F5FE9CF27D" bold="true" box="[198,378,1551,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Reproduction.</emphasis>
Right oviduct hypertrophied (
<quantity id="4CFA9B0FFFA1635AE3FDF9EAFCD0F27E" box="[731,822,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
wide), enlarged with thickened walls with two elongate bulges posteriorly that retain the shape of what is interpreted as two large eggs (both exactly 
<quantity id="4CFA9B0FFFA1635AE43AF9C2FA86F206" box="[1308,1376,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long or 2.0% SVL) that had been laid shortly before capture on January, thus suggesting that oviposition occurs in the summer. The right ovary held 3 vitellogenic ova (1.5 x 
<quantity id="4CFA9B0FFFA1635AE26BF972FC50F2F6" box="[845,950,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
[2] and 1.0 x 
<quantity id="4CFA9B0FFFA1635AE57AF972FB5EF2F6" box="[1116,1208,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
) and one small follicle; the left ovary had eleven very small follicles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA1635AE1E0F92DFEDCF3EE" blockId="4.[151,1439,152,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA1635AE1E0F92DFEC8F2A5" bold="true" box="[198,302,1751,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Habitat.</emphasis>
The specimen was found along a nearly dry sun exposed stream surrounded by riverside vegetation with thin sandy soil substratum and some scattered water pools with a deep of about 
<quantity id="4CFA9B0FFFA1635AE59AF8FAFAD0F34E" box="[1212,1334,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 cm</quantity>
. Outside the riverbed the area is characterized by a dry bushy savannah. This species appears similar ecologically to the xeric­adapted 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA1635AE067F8AAFDF6F33E" box="[321,528,1872,1898]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
(i.e., 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA1635AE37FF8AAFC2EF33D" box="[601,968,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA1635AE37FF8AAFC26F33D" box="[601,960,1872,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA1635AE521F8AAFB7FF33E" box="[1031,1177,1872,1898]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
(i.e., 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA1635AE5C5F8AAFF3CF3C5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA1635AE5C5F8AAFF37F3C5" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Letheobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="episcopa">Letheobia episcopa</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
that occupy moist fringes of sandy arid regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA1635AE238F882FBF2F3C6" author="Schleich" box="[798,1044,1912,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Schleich, H. H., Kastle, W. &amp; Kabisch, K. (1996) Amphibians and reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 627 pp." type="book" year="1996">Schleich et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA1635AE507F882FAB5F3C6" author="Franzen" box="[1057,1363,1912,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Franzen, M. &amp; Wallach, V. (2002) A new Rhinotyphlops from southeastern Turkey (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Journal of Herpetology, 36 (2), 176 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">Franzen &amp; Wallach, 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Baha el 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA1635AE195F85AFEC8F3EE" author="Din" box="[179,302,1952,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Baha el Din, S. (2006) A guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, xvi + 359 pp." type="book" year="2006">Din, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA0635BE1B1FF6DFB12F7BC" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<table id="F902C44AFFA09CA1E1B1FF6DFA85F7BC" box="[151,1379,151,1000]" gridcols="3" gridrows="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FF6DFA85F4FB" box="[151,1379,151,175]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FF6DFDA8F4FB" box="[151,590,151,175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE1B1FF6DFEECF4FB" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of
</th>
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FF6DFBD4F4FB" box="[597,1074,151,175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE373FF62FC81F4FB" box="[597,871,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE373FF62FC81F4FB" box="[597,871,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE2BDFF62FBCDF4FB" box="[923,1067,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE2BDFF62FC4DF4FB" box="[923,939,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE29EFF62FBCDF4FB" box="[952,1067,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FF34FA85F4B2" box="[151,1379,206,230]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FF34FDA8F4B2" box="[151,590,206,230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Character</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FF34FBD4F4B2" box="[597,1074,206,230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE3FFFF35FC0CF4B2" box="[729,1002,207,230]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE3FFFF35FC0CF4B2" box="[729,1002,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFF34FA85F4B2" box="[1113,1379,206,230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE57FFF35FA85F4B2" box="[1113,1379,207,230]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE57FFF35FA85F4B2" box="[1113,1379,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FF0DFA85F55A" box="[151,1379,247,270]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FF0DFDA8F55A" box="[151,590,247,270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Specimen</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FF0DFBD4F55A" box="[597,1074,247,270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">MNHN 1905.272</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFF0DFA85F55A" box="[1113,1379,247,270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">MRSN R3208</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FEDAFA85F563" box="[151,1379,288,311]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FEDAFDA8F563" box="[151,590,288,311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Snout­vent length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FEDAFBD4F563" box="[597,1074,288,311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">248.0–249.0 mm</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFEDAFA85F563" box="[1113,1379,288,311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">248.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FEB2FA85F50B" box="[151,1379,328,351]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FEB2FDA8F50B" box="[151,590,328,351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Total length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FEB2FBD4F50B" box="[597,1074,328,351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">257.0–257.0 mm</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFEB2FA85F50B" box="[1113,1379,328,351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">258.0 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FE8BFA85F5DC" box="[151,1379,369,392]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FE8BFDA8F5DC" box="[151,590,369,392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Anterior scale rows</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FE8BFBD4F5DC" box="[597,1074,369,392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">20</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFE8BFA85F5DC" box="[1113,1379,369,392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FE63FA85F5E4" box="[151,1379,409,432]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FE63FDA8F5E4" box="[151,590,409,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Midbody scale rows*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FE63FBD4F5E4" box="[597,1074,409,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">20</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFE63FA85F5E4" box="[1113,1379,409,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FE38FA85F58D" box="[151,1379,450,473]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FE38FDA8F58D" box="[151,590,450,473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Posterior scale rows</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FE38FBD4F58D" box="[597,1074,450,473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">20</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFE38FA85F58D" box="[1113,1379,450,473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FE10FA85F655" box="[151,1379,490,513]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FE10FDA8F655" box="[151,590,490,513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Posterior scale row reduction*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FE10FBD4F655" box="[597,1074,490,513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">no</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFE10FA85F655" box="[1113,1379,490,513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">yes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FDE9FA85F67E" box="[151,1379,531,554]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FDE9FDA8F67E" box="[151,590,531,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Inferior nasal suture contacts*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FDE9FBD4F67E" box="[597,1074,531,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">second supralabial</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFDE9FA85F67E" box="[1113,1379,531,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">rostral</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FDC1FA85F606" box="[151,1379,571,594]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FDC1FDA8F606" box="[151,590,571,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Largest supralabial*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FDC1FBD4F606" box="[597,1074,571,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">IV</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFDC1FA85F606" box="[1113,1379,571,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">III</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FD9EFA85F62F" box="[151,1379,612,635]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FD9EFDA8F62F" box="[151,590,612,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Postoculars</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FD9EFBD4F62F" box="[597,1074,612,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3–4</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFD9EFA85F62F" box="[1113,1379,612,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FD76FA85F6F7" box="[151,1379,652,675]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FD76FDA8F6F7" box="[151,590,652,675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rostral width/head width</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FD76FBD4F6F7" box="[597,1074,652,675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.65</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFD76FA85F6F7" box="[1113,1379,652,675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.90</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FD4FFA85F698" box="[151,1379,693,716]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FD4FFDA8F698" box="[151,590,693,716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Anterior rostral point directed*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FD4FFBD4F698" box="[597,1074,693,716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">anteriorly</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFD4FFA85F698" box="[1113,1379,693,716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventrally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FD27FA85F6A0" box="[151,1379,733,756]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FD27FDA8F6A0" box="[151,590,733,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Left lung*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FD27FBD4F6A0" box="[597,1074,733,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">absent</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFD27FA85F6A0" box="[1113,1379,733,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FCFCFA85F749" box="[151,1379,774,797]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FCFCFDA8F749" box="[151,590,774,797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Anterior liver extension*</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FCFCFBD4F749" box="[597,1074,774,797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">left lobe</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFCFCFA85F749" box="[1113,1379,774,797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">right lobe</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FCD4FA85F711" box="[151,1379,814,837]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FCD4FDA8F711" box="[151,590,814,837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Left liver/right liver ratio</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FCD4FBD4F711" box="[597,1074,814,837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.98</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFCD4FA85F711" box="[1113,1379,814,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.65</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FCADFA85F73A" box="[151,1379,855,878]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FCADFDA8F73A" box="[151,590,855,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Posterior liver tail (% liver length)</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FCADFBD4F73A" box="[597,1074,855,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.19</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFCADFA85F73A" box="[1113,1379,855,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.49</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FC7AFA85F7C3" box="[151,1379,896,919]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FC7AFDA8F7C3" box="[151,590,896,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Kidney­vent interval/right liver length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FC7AFBD4F7C3" box="[597,1074,896,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.43</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFC7AFA85F7C3" box="[1113,1379,896,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FC52FA85F7EB" box="[151,1379,936,959]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FC52FDA8F7EB" box="[151,590,936,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rectal caecum/heart</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FC52FBD4F7EB" box="[597,1074,936,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.78</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFC52FA85F7EB" box="[1113,1379,936,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA09CA1E1B1FC2BFA85F7BC" box="[151,1379,977,1000]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E1B1FC2BFDA8F7BC" box="[151,590,977,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rectal caecum/left kidney</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E373FC2BFBD4F7BC" box="[597,1074,977,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.58</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA09CA1E57FFC2BFA85F7BC" box="[1113,1379,977,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">0.32</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA0635BE1E0FBD5FC12F166" blockId="5.[151,1438,1071,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE1E0FBD5FD8AF01D" bold="true" box="[198,620,1071,1097]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Justification for the new species.</emphasis>
The two species differ in seven external characters enumerated in Table 1 (see characters denoted by *) and for the numerous differences in size and position of the viscera as shown in 
<tableCitation id="C6800351FFA0635BE028FB87FE8DF0C3" box="[270,363,1149,1175]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[151,1344,210,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the visceral characters of female Xenotyphlops grandidieri and X. mocquardi as % SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7D6662FFA36358E1B1FF63FA83F4E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="DF7D6662FFA36358E1B1FF63FA83F4E4">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Neither species can be confused with any other typhlopid based upon the unique lateral head profile and anal shield. We are aware that the sample size is minimal but both specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE470FB5EFF1DF0B0" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE470FB5EFF1DF0B0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA0635BE02FFB30FE4FF0B0" box="[265,425,1226,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE0E8FB31FD92F0B0" box="[462,628,1227,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE0E8FB31FD92F0B0" box="[462,628,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">X. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MNHN 1905.271, and 
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA0635BE2AFFB30FC16F0B0" box="[905,1008,1226,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE533FB31FB5CF0B0" box="[1045,1210,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE533FB31FB50F0B0" box="[1045,1206,1227,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">X. mocquardi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
MRSN R3208) for which visceral data are available are females of identical length so the data are comparable and the observed differences cannot be attributed to either ontogeny or sexual dimorphism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA0635BE1E0FAC4FE79F2DA" blockId="5.[151,1438,1071,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE1E0FAC4FD6BF10C" bold="true" box="[198,653,1342,1368]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Revised definition of 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE0C7FAC4FD6BF10C" bold="true" box="[481,653,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE0C7FAC4FD6EF10C" box="[481,648,1342,1368]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Xenotyphlops</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Examination of the freshly preserved 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE557FAC5FA7AF10C" box="[1137,1436,1343,1368]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE557FAC5FA7AF10C" box="[1137,1436,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
necessitates revision of the generic diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE3ECFA9FFC8FF12A" box="[714,873,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE3ECFA9FFC8FF12A" box="[714,873,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to one major error in its description. A supposedly unique character of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE0C1FA76FD61F1F1" box="[487,647,1420,1445]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE0C1FA76FD61F1F1" box="[487,647,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the presence of numerous soft, flexible papillae on the rostral shield, which necessitated hypothesizing a wet microhabitat for the snake (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA0635BE522FA48FAC7F198" author="Wallach" box="[1028,1313,1458,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Wallach, V. &amp; Ineich, I. (1996) Redescription of the rare Malagasy blind snake, Typhlops grandidieri Mocquard, with placement in a new genus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Journal of Herpetology, 30 (3), 367 - 376." type="journal article" year="1996">
Wallach 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE54AFA49FB65F198" box="[1132,1155,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">&amp;</emphasis>
Ineich, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
). It is now obvious that the rostral shields of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE349FA23FCFEF1A6" box="[623,792,1497,1522]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE349FA23FCFEF1A6" box="[623,792,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">X. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens had sloughed off, a not uncommon occurrence in century­old, poorly preserved serpents, and what was taken to be external papillae are actually the soft tissue structures lying beneath the typical granular, dome­like convexities found in xeric­adapted typhlopids and leptotyphlopids. Presumably these structures have a sensory function, as they appear to be extensions of the nervous system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA0635BE1E0F960FEACF397" blockId="5.[151,1438,1071,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
According to this new definition, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE3E9F961FC89F2E0" box="[719,879,1691,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE3E9F961FC89F2E0" box="[719,879,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguishable externally from all members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE1C1F93BFE9FF28F" box="[231,377,1729,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
by its greatly enlarged and nearly circular rostral shield that is nearly vertical in lateral aspect (giving it a ‘bulldozer” appearance) and a single enlarged anal shield. Internally 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA0635BE5FAF912FA9AF355" box="[1244,1404,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA0635BE5FAF912FA9AF355" box="[1244,1404,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among typhlopids in lacking a tracheal lung and possessing an unexpanded tracheal membrane, 
<typeStatus id="54B98848FFA0635BE468F8F4FA67F37C" box="[1358,1409,1806,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
G tracheal foramina, and a long heart­liver gap. Other characters that are rare within the family include absence of a preocular, presence of a subocular that is larger than the ocular, absence of a visible eye, T­X supralabial imbrication pattern, elongate body of uniform diameter, absence of an apical spine, pigmentless pattern, and unipartite liver.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7D6662FFA36358E1B1FF63FA83F4E4" ID-Table-UUID="DF7D6662FFA36358E1B1FF63FA83F4E4" box="[151,1381,153,177]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7D6662FFA36358E1B1FF63FA83F4E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1344,210,1879]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA36358E1B1FF63FA83F4E4" blockId="6.[151,1381,153,177]" box="[151,1381,153,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E1B1FF63FEEFF4E5" bold="true" box="[151,265,153,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of the visceral characters of female 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA36358E230FF60FBC0F4E5" box="[790,1062,154,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E230FF60FBC0F4E5" box="[790,1062,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Xenotyphlops grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA36358E57DFF60FB0DF4E5" box="[1115,1259,153,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E57DFF60FB8DF4E5" box="[1115,1131,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E55EFF60FB0DF4E5" box="[1144,1259,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as % SVL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA36358E1B9FF28FEA4F303" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<table id="F902C44AFFA39CA1E1B1FF28FAA6F303" box="[151,1344,210,1879]" gridcols="3" gridrows="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FF28FAA6F4BD" box="[151,1344,210,233]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FF28FDA7F4BD" box="[151,577,210,233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Character</th>
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E3F5FF28FAA6F4BD" box="[723,1344,210,233]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FF28FC02F4BD" box="[722,996,210,233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA36358E3F5FF28FC02F4BD" box="[723,996,210,233]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E3F5FF28FC02F4BD" box="[723,996,210,233]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Xenotyphlops grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FF28FAA6F4BD" box="[1077,1344,210,233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA36358E510FF28FAA6F4BD" box="[1078,1344,210,233]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E510FF28FAA6F4BD" box="[1078,1344,210,233]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Xenotyphlops mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FF07FAA6F540" box="[151,1344,253,276]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FF07FDA7F540" box="[151,577,253,276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Specimen</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FF07FC02F540" box="[722,996,253,276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">MNHN 1905.271</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FF07FAA6F540" box="[1077,1344,253,276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">MRSN R3208</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FED2FAA6F56B" box="[151,1344,296,319]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FED2FDA7F56B" box="[151,577,296,319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Heart MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FED2FC02F56B" box="[722,996,296,319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">22.3</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FED2FAA6F56B" box="[1077,1344,296,319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">24.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FEA8FAA6F53D" box="[151,1344,338,361]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FEA8FDA7F53D" box="[151,577,338,361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Snout­heart interval</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FEA8FC02F53D" box="[722,996,338,361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">23.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FEA8FAA6F53D" box="[1077,1344,338,361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">26.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FE87FAA6F5C0" box="[151,1344,381,404]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FE87FDA7F5C0" box="[151,577,381,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Heart­liver gap</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FE87FC02F5C0" box="[722,996,381,404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">4.8</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FE87FAA6F5C0" box="[1077,1344,381,404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">7.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FE52FAA6F5EB" box="[151,1344,424,447]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FE52FDA7F5EB" box="[151,577,424,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Heart­liver interval</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FE52FC02F5EB" box="[722,996,424,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">31.9</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FE52FAA6F5EB" box="[1077,1344,424,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">45.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FE28FAA6F5BD" box="[151,1344,466,489]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FE28FDA7F5BD" box="[151,577,466,489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right liver lobe</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FE28FC02F5BD" box="[722,996,466,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">20.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FE28FAA6F5BD" box="[1077,1344,466,489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">30.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FE07FAA6F640" box="[151,1344,509,532]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FE07FDA7F640" box="[151,577,509,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Total (left + right) liver length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FE07FC02F640" box="[722,996,509,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">41.0</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FE07FAA6F640" box="[1077,1344,509,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">49.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FDD2FAA6F66B" box="[151,1344,552,575]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FDD2FDA7F66B" box="[151,577,552,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right liver MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FDD2FC02F66B" box="[722,996,552,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">42.5</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FDD2FAA6F66B" box="[1077,1344,552,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">53.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FDA8FAA6F63D" box="[151,1344,594,617]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FDA8FDA7F63D" box="[151,577,594,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Left liver MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FDA8FC02F63D" box="[722,996,594,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">38.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FDA8FAA6F63D" box="[1077,1344,594,617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">43.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FD87FAA6F6C0" box="[151,1344,637,660]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FD87FDA7F6C0" box="[151,577,637,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Total (left + right) liver MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FD87FC02F6C0" box="[722,996,637,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">40.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FD87FAA6F6C0" box="[1077,1344,637,660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">51.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FD52FAA6F6EB" box="[151,1344,680,703]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FD52FDA7F6EB" box="[151,577,680,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Liver­gall bladder gap</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FD52FC02F6EB" box="[722,996,680,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">8.6</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FD52FAA6F6EB" box="[1077,1344,680,703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FD28FAA6F6BD" box="[151,1344,722,745]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FD28FDA7F6BD" box="[151,577,722,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Liver­kidney gap</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FD28FC02F6BD" box="[722,996,722,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">38.2</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FD28FAA6F6BD" box="[1077,1344,722,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">21.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FD07FAA6F740" box="[151,1344,765,788]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FD07FDA7F740" box="[151,577,765,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Gall bladder­kidney gap</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FD07FC02F740" box="[722,996,765,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">28.1</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FD07FAA6F740" box="[1077,1344,765,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">20.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FCD2FAA6F76B" box="[151,1344,808,831]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FCD2FDA7F76B" box="[151,577,808,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Gall bladder­kidney interval</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FCD2FC02F76B" box="[722,996,808,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">34.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FCD2FAA6F76B" box="[1077,1344,808,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">27.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FCA8FAA6F73D" box="[151,1344,850,873]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FCA8FDA7F73D" box="[151,577,850,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Gall bladder­gonad gap</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FCA8FC02F73D" box="[722,996,850,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">16.1</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FCA8FAA6F73D" box="[1077,1344,850,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">10.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FC87FAA6F7C0" box="[151,1344,893,916]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FC87FDA7F7C0" box="[151,577,893,916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right ovary length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FC87FC02F7C0" box="[722,996,893,916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.4</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FC87FAA6F7C0" box="[1077,1344,893,916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FC52FAA6F7EB" box="[151,1344,936,959]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FC52FDA7F7EB" box="[151,577,936,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Left ovary length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FC52FC02F7EB" box="[722,996,936,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.2</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FC52FAA6F7EB" box="[1077,1344,936,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FC28FAA6F7BD" box="[151,1344,978,1001]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FC28FDA7F7BD" box="[151,577,978,1001]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right ovary MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FC28FC02F7BD" box="[722,996,978,1001]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">79.6</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FC28FAA6F7BD" box="[1077,1344,978,1001]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">81.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FC07FAA6F040" box="[151,1344,1021,1044]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FC07FDA7F040" box="[151,577,1021,1044]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Left ovary MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FC07FC02F040" box="[722,996,1021,1044]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">83.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FC07FAA6F040" box="[1077,1344,1021,1044]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">86.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FBD2FAA6F06B" box="[151,1344,1064,1087]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FBD2FDA7F06B" box="[151,577,1064,1087]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Total (left + right) ovary MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FBD2FC02F06B" box="[722,996,1064,1087]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">81.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FBD2FAA6F06B" box="[1077,1344,1064,1087]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">84.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FBA8FAA6F03D" box="[151,1344,1106,1129]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FBA8FDA7F03D" box="[151,577,1106,1129]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Gonad­kidney gap</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FBA8FC02F03D" box="[722,996,1106,1129]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">6.6</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FBA8FAA6F03D" box="[1077,1344,1106,1129]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FB87FAA6F0C0" box="[151,1344,1149,1172]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FB87FDA7F0C0" box="[151,577,1149,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Left adrenal MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FB87FC02F0C0" box="[722,996,1149,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">85.5</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FB87FAA6F0C0" box="[1077,1344,1149,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">87.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FB52FAA6F0EB" box="[151,1344,1192,1215]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FB52FDA7F0EB" box="[151,577,1192,1215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Rectal caecum length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FB52FC02F0EB" box="[722,996,1192,1215]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">2.2</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FB52FAA6F0EB" box="[1077,1344,1192,1215]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FB28FAA6F0BD" box="[151,1344,1234,1257]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FB28FDA7F0BD" box="[151,577,1234,1257]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FB28FC02F0BD" box="[722,996,1234,1257]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">22.9</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FB28FAA6F0BD" box="[1077,1344,1234,1257]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">25.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FB07FAA6F140" box="[151,1344,1277,1300]" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FB07FDA7F140" box="[151,577,1277,1300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right lung anterior tip</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FB07FC02F140" box="[722,996,1277,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">22.5</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FB07FAA6F140" box="[1077,1344,1277,1300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">24.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FAD2FAA6F16B" box="[151,1344,1320,1343]" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FAD2FDA7F16B" box="[151,577,1320,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right lung length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FAD2FC02F16B" box="[722,996,1320,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">20.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FAD2FAA6F16B" box="[1077,1344,1320,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">23.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FAA8FAA6F13D" box="[151,1344,1362,1385]" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FAA8FDA7F13D" box="[151,577,1362,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right lung MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FAA8FC02F13D" box="[722,996,1362,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">34.0</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FAA8FAA6F13D" box="[1077,1344,1362,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">37.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FA87FAA6F1C0" box="[151,1344,1405,1428]" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FA87FDA7F1C0" box="[151,577,1405,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Right lung posterior tip</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FA87FC02F1C0" box="[722,996,1405,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">44.4</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FA87FAA6F1C0" box="[1077,1344,1405,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">49.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FA52FAA6F1EB" box="[151,1344,1448,1471]" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FA52FDA7F1EB" box="[151,577,1448,1471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Bronchus posterior tip</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FA52FC02F1EB" box="[722,996,1448,1471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">29.7</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FA52FAA6F1EB" box="[1077,1344,1448,1471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">33.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FA28FAA6F1BD" box="[151,1344,1490,1513]" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FA28FDA7F1BD" box="[151,577,1490,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea + bronchus length</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FA28FC02F1BD" box="[722,996,1490,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">28.9</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FA28FAA6F1BD" box="[1077,1344,1490,1513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">32.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1FA07FAA6F240" box="[151,1344,1533,1556]" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1FA07FDA7F240" box="[151,577,1533,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea­bronchus MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4FA07FC02F240" box="[722,996,1533,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">15.3</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513FA07FAA6F240" box="[1077,1344,1533,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">17.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F9D2FAA6F26B" box="[151,1344,1576,1599]" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F9D2FDA7F26B" box="[151,577,1576,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea MP­liver MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4F9D2FC02F26B" box="[722,996,1576,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">30.3</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513F9D2FAA6F26B" box="[1077,1344,1576,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">27.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F9A8FAA6F23D" box="[151,1344,1618,1641]" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F9A8FDA7F23D" box="[151,577,1618,1641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea MP­total adrenal MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4F9A8FC02F23D" box="[722,996,1618,1641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">72.1</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513F9A8FAA6F23D" box="[1077,1344,1618,1641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">59.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F987FAA6F2C0" box="[151,1344,1661,1684]" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F987FDA7F2C0" box="[151,577,1661,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea­bronchus MP­gall bladder MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4F987FC02F2C0" box="[722,996,1661,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">46.8</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513F987FAA6F2C0" box="[1077,1344,1661,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">39.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F952FAA6F2EB" box="[151,1344,1704,1727]" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F952FDA7F2EB" box="[151,577,1704,1727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Trachea­bronchus MP­total kidney MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4F952FC02F2EB" box="[722,996,1704,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">78.3</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513F952FAA6F2EB" box="[1077,1344,1704,1727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">63.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F928FAA6F2BD" box="[151,1344,1746,1769]" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F928FDA7F2BD" box="[151,577,1746,1769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Heart MP­liver MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4F928FC02F2BD" box="[722,996,1746,1769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">20.2</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513F928FAA6F2BD" box="[1077,1344,1746,1769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">28.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F907FAA6F340" box="[151,1344,1789,1812]" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F907FDA7F340" box="[151,577,1789,1812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Liver MP­total kidney MP</th>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E3F4F907FC02F340" box="[722,996,1789,1812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">51.1</td>
<td id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E513F907FAA6F340" box="[1077,1344,1789,1812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">39.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353234A8FFA39CA1E1B1F8BAFAA6F303" box="[151,1344,1856,1879]" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76E35DD4FFA39CA1E1B1F8BAFDA7F303" box="[151,577,1856,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">MP = midpoint.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36EAFFA36359E1E0F870FBF8F64E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1930,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,538]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Little can be said about the affinities of the two species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA36358E2B8F871FBDBF3F0" box="[926,1085,1931,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA36358E2B8F871FBDBF3F0" box="[926,1085,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the other typhlopids of 
<collectingCountry id="F315767AFFA36358E1B1F848FEC7F398" box="[151,289,1970,1996]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, since up to now no detailed phylogenetic analysis has been carried out. In the only phylogenetic analysis to date on the Scolecophidia, which was unfortunately analyzed only to the species group level, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E1B1FF62FED0F4E5" box="[151,310,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E1B1FF62FED0F4E5" box="[151,310,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be the sister group to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E22BFF62FB82F4E5" box="[781,1124,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E22BFF62FB82F4E5" box="[781,1124,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Ramphotyphlops angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of 
<collectingCountry id="F315767AFFA26359E5FFFF62FAA1F4E6" box="[1241,1351,152,178]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Australia</collectingCountry>
, which itself was sister group to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E0C3FF3AFD8AF48D" box="[485,620,192,217]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E0C3FF3AFD8AF48D" box="[485,620,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E382FF3AFC88F48D" box="[676,878,192,217]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E382FF3AFC88F48D" box="[676,878,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups with the basal 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E552FF3AFB3BF48D" box="[1140,1245,192,217]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E552FF3AFB3BF48D" box="[1140,1245,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group being the most primitive (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA26359E070FF12FD8BF556" author="Wallach" box="[342,621,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Wallach, V. (1998 b) The visceral anatomy of blindsnakes and wormsnakes and its systematic implications (Serpentes: Anomalepididae, Typhlopidae, Leptotyphlopidae). Ph. D. Dissertation, Northeastern University, Boston, xxvi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1998" yearSuffix="b">
Wallach, 1998b: 
<figureCitation id="13392A6FFFA26359E304FF12FD8BF556" box="[546,621,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,718,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,718,1791]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. The female (MRSN R 3208) photographed in life at Ambodivahibe, northern Madagascar (by V. Mercurio)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175473/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
). This surprising finding suggests a relationship to Australian rather than 
<collectingCountry id="F315767AFFA26359E1F2FEEAFEA0F57E" box="[212,326,272,298]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
taxa. It is even more remarkable that 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E23DFEEAFC5CF57D" box="[795,954,272,297]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E23DFEEAFC5CF57D" box="[795,954,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Xenotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows some resemblance to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E468FEEAFEC4F506" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
and we can add one additional character of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E206FEC2FC58F505" box="[800,958,312,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E206FEC2FC58F505" box="[800,958,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">X. mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the arrangement of the liver lobes: the right liver lobe lies craniad of the left, a condition unknown among the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E2C1FE9AFB9FF52E" box="[999,1145,352,378]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
where the left liver lobe extends cranially of the right (as also in 
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E35AFE72FCCBF5F5" box="[636,813,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E35AFE72FCC3F5F5" box="[636,805,392,417]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">X. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
. It is possible that our specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D69FFA26359E5F9FE72FA99F5F5" box="[1247,1407,392,417]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" genus="Xenotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mocquardi">
<emphasis id="B976EAF8FFA26359E5F9FE72FA99F5F5" box="[1247,1407,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">X. mocquardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is aberrant in possessing a shortened left liver lobe but that can only de determined with the examination of further material. The presence of a vestige of the left lung is also noteworthy and indicates retention of a primitive characteristic that is quite rare among scolecophidians (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B1BFFA26359E272FDFAFBF4F64E" author="Wallach" box="[852,1042,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Wallach, V. (1993 b) Presence of a left lung in the Typhlopidae (Reptilia: Serpentes). Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa, (42), 32 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Wallach, 1993b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>