347 lines
32 KiB
XML
347 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.26107/RBZ-2023-0008" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7816193" ID-ZooBank="2401E361-EBC2-44A2-B4DB-9F354680A5BB" approvalRequired="6" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="5" checkinTime="1681182905730" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goh, Shawne, Quek, Randolph Z. B., Foo, Sze Hui, Tay, Teresa Stephanie, Messing, Charles G. & Huang, Danwei" docDate="2023" docId="03AB87BF5B08F94443DE9B90FDF99B28" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.71.92–105.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26.4:RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zygometra comata AH Clark 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="FF92FFC75B0DF94343309C1EFFF5995D" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and morphology of Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) feather stars in Singapore" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="92" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1681185034133" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny and morphology of Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) feather stars in Singapore</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Goh, Shawne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Quek, Randolph Z. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Foo, Sze Hui</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tay, Teresa Stephanie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huang, Danwei</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>71</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>92</mods:start>
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<mods:end>105</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.26107/RBZ-2023-0008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName authority="AH Clark, 1911" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[238,673,1933,1958]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Zygometra" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="comata">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,673,1933,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,357,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Zygometra</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[403,483,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">comata</emphasis>
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AH
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark AH" box="[538,673,1933,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" pagination="705 - 804" refId="ref11761" refString="Clark AH (1911) The recent crinoids of Australia. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 4: 705 - 804." type="journal article" year="1911">Clark, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[414,497,1966,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[238,673,1933,1990]" box="[414,497,1966,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
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(
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[136,541,2028,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[136,541,2028,2050]" box="[136,541,2028,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[136,541,2028,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitation author="Clark AH" box="[136,537,2028,2050]" page="762" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" year="1911">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="AH Clark, 1911: 762" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityPageNumber="762" authorityYear="1911" box="[136,537,2028,2050]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Zygometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="comata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,319,2029,2050]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Zygometra comata</emphasis>
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||
AH
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark AH" box="[369,537,2028,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" pagination="705 - 804" refId="ref11761" refString="Clark AH (1911) The recent crinoids of Australia. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 4: 705 - 804." type="journal article" year="1911">Clark, 1911: 762</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[136,415,2090,2115]" box="[136,415,2090,2115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
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<materialsCitation box="[136,415,2090,2115]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" specimenCode="USNM 35137" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus box="[136,242,2091,2115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode box="[255,411,2090,2115]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" type="Museum">USNM 35137</specimenCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[835,1475,1806,2118]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1074,1806,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectorName box="[1086,1182,1806,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Sta. DR</collectorName>
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125,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87BF5B08F94443DE9B90FDF99B28:8EDD60725B08F94647E89B10FA749E7B" box="[1240,1409,1806,1830]" latitude="1.20235" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.867966" name="Sister's Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Sister’s Island</location>
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, start
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,
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, end
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,
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, 30.8–
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,
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<date box="[1003,1161,1870,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" value="2013-05-30">
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<collectingDate box="[1003,1161,1870,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" value="2013-05-30">30 May 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
(n = 1; SS-3643-6,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1412,1470,1870,1894]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">ZRC</collectionCode>
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. ECH.1975); sta. DR174, Next to
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<collectorName box="[1197,1416,1902,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Boarding Ground A</collectorName>
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, start
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<geoCoordinate box="[837,972,1933,1958]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="12.202" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" precision="1" value="1.2033666">01°12.202′N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[982,1128,1933,1958]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="52.178" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" precision="1" value="103.86964">103°52.178′E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, end
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<geoCoordinate box="[1180,1316,1933,1958]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="12.141" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" precision="1" value="1.20235">01°12.141′N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
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||
, 135–
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<elevation box="[887,965,1966,1990]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.959999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="79.6">79.6 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[977,1107,1966,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" value="2013-06-04">
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||
<collectingDate box="[977,1107,1966,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" value="2013-06-04">4 June 2013</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
(n = 1; DR174,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1286,1343,1966,1990]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">ZRC</collectionCode>
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||
.ECH.1967); sta.
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<specimenCode box="[885,968,1998,2022]" collectionCode="SUB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/iz3p-2r7s" name="Universitat Bonn" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">SUB07</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-04-19" collectionCode="ZRC" elevation="35" latitude="1.2101166" location="St. John's Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.85242" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" specimenCode="SUB18" specimenCount="1">
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SE of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87BF5B08F94443DE9B90FDF99B28:8EDD60725B08F94647139BD0FB109EBB" box="[1059,1253,1998,2022]" latitude="1.2101166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.85242" name="St. John's Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">St. John’s Island</location>
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, start
|
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,
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, end
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,
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, 53.7–
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<elevation box="[1396,1470,2030,2054]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="34.8">34.8 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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||
<date box="[835,985,2062,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" value="2016-04-19">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[835,985,2062,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" value="2016-04-19">19 April 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(n = 3; TR0316i,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1179,1235,2062,2086]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1626; TR0316ii,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[835,891,2094,2118]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1627; TR0318ai,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1146,1203,2094,2118]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1625); sta.
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1389,1470,2094,2118]" collectionCode="SUB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/iz3p-2r7s" name="Universitat Bonn" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">SUB18</specimenCode>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7816197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7816197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7816197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" startId="6.[113,148,1543,1565]" targetBox="[113,1451,189,1527]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[113,1452,1543,1622]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[186,399,1543,1565]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Zygometra" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="comata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[186,290,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Zygometra</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,399,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">comata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphological characters. A, middle brachials everted at distal margins (red arrow); B, syzygy perforation between first and second ossicles of IBr (red arrow), and synarthry (yellow arrow); C, cirri with middle to distal cirrals bearing sharp aboral spines (red arrow) that begin abruptly (yellow arrow); D, smooth and weakly carinate proximal pinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[113,753,1676,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-06-02" collectionCode="ZRC" elevation="45" latitude="1.2107667" location="St. John's Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.85225" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" specimenCode="SUB36" specimenCount="1">
|
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SE of
|
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87BF5B08F94443DE9B90FDF99B28:8EDD60725B0BF94543819A90FE959FFB" box="[177,352,1678,1702]" latitude="1.2107667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.85225" name="St. John's Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">St. John’s Island</location>
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, start
|
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,
|
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, end
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|
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate box="[263,411,1708,1733]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="51.135" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" precision="1" value="103.85225">103°51.135′E</geoCoordinate>
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, 59.9–
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|
||
<elevation box="[482,559,1709,1733]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.52" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="45.2">45.2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[571,700,1710,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2016-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[571,700,1710,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2016-06-02">2 June 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(n = 1; TR0966,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[242,299,1742,1766]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1634); sta.
|
||
<specimenCode box="[479,560,1742,1766]" collectionCode="SUB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/iz3p-2r7s" name="Universitat Bonn" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">SUB36</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-06-30" collectingDateMax="2151-02" collectingDateMin="2016-06-30" collectionCode="ZRC" elevation="38" latitude="1.2102833" location="St. John's Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.84355" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SW of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87BF5B08F94443DE9B90FDF99B28:8EDD60725B0BF94541B79AD0FF409E5B" latitude="1.2102833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.84355" name="St. John's Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">St. John’s Island</location>
|
||
, start
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[249,388,1772,1797]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="12.649" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" precision="1" value="1.2108166">01°12.649′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[400,549,1772,1797]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="50.659" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" precision="1" value="103.844315">103°50.659′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, end
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[610,748,1772,1797]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="12.617" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" precision="1" value="1.2102833">01°12.617′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[113,262,1804,1829]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="50.613" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" precision="1" value="103.84355">103°50.613′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 40.6–
|
||
<quantity box="[335,412,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="38.3">
|
||
<elevation box="[335,412,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="38.3">38.3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[424,568,1806,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2016-06-30">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[424,568,1806,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2016-06-30">30 June 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(n = 5; TR2143,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[113,169,1838,1862]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1629; TR
|
||
<date box="[333,395,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2144-01">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[333,395,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2144-01">2144i</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[404,460,1838,1862]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1678; TR
|
||
<date box="[624,685,1837,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2151-01">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[624,685,1837,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2151-01">2151i</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[694,749,1838,1862]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
. ECH.1630; TR
|
||
<date box="[287,358,1869,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2151-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[287,358,1869,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" value="2151-02">2151ii</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[373,432,1870,1894]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH.1633; TR2160b,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[692,749,1870,1894]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
. ECH.1631)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[113,754,1965,2118]" lastBlockId="6.[812,1450,1678,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,230,1965,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1907" box="[239,355,1966,1989]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Zygometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,355,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Zygometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 12–35 arms in both adults and juveniles, with adult longest arm lengths between
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="13.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="87.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="40.0">40–135 mm</quantity>
|
||
but as short as
|
||
<quantity box="[320,394,2030,2054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in juveniles; cirri between 15–32 cirrals, longest cirri between 28–45; first two brachials of undivided arms and proximal and distal edges of brachitaxes plain, not thickened or everted and scalloped (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Messing CG & Tay TS" box="[813,1055,1710,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" pagination="627 - 658" refId="ref12608" refString="Messing CG & Tay TS (2016) Extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 34: 627 - 658." type="journal article" year="2016">Messing & Tay, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; AH
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark AH" box="[1114,1246,1710,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref11998" refString="Clark AH (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (4 a). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82: 1 - 603, 61 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[812,1452,1773,2118]" lastBlockId="7.[135,776,189,629]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,952,1773,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Aboral surface of centrodorsal flattened and smooth; radials smooth; cirri X–XXXII (XIII and XXV in examined juvenile and adult respectively); proximal and distal cirrals broader than long; middle cirrals as broad as long; middle to distal cirrals bearing sharp, prominent aboral spine that begins abruptly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1170,1253,1934,1958]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[113,148,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Zygometra cf. comata morphological characters. A, middle brachials everted at distal margins (red arrow); B, syzygy perforation between first and second ossicles of IBr (red arrow), and synarthry (yellow arrow); C, cirri with middle to distal cirrals bearing sharp aboral spines (red arrow) that begin abruptly (yellow arrow); D, smooth and weakly carinate proximal pinnules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7816197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7816197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laterally everted brachials observed on specimen (DR174, ZRC.ECH.1967), differing from the diagnosis above (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1224,1315,1998,2022]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[113,148,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Zygometra cf. comata morphological characters. A, middle brachials everted at distal margins (red arrow); B, syzygy perforation between first and second ossicles of IBr (red arrow), and synarthry (yellow arrow); C, cirri with middle to distal cirrals bearing sharp aboral spines (red arrow) that begin abruptly (yellow arrow); D, smooth and weakly carinate proximal pinnules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7816197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7816197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); specimens examined all possess IBr(1+2) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1172,1258,2030,2054]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[113,148,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Zygometra cf. comata morphological characters. A, middle brachials everted at distal margins (red arrow); B, syzygy perforation between first and second ossicles of IBr (red arrow), and synarthry (yellow arrow); C, cirri with middle to distal cirrals bearing sharp aboral spines (red arrow) that begin abruptly (yellow arrow); D, smooth and weakly carinate proximal pinnules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7816197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7816197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and IIBr4(3+4). Proximal pinnules generally thin and slender, and taper to a blunt point. Pinnulars smooth and weakly carinate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1355,1440,2094,2118]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[113,148,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[113,1451,189,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Zygometra cf. comata morphological characters. A, middle brachials everted at distal margins (red arrow); B, syzygy perforation between first and second ossicles of IBr (red arrow), and synarthry (yellow arrow); C, cirri with middle to distal cirrals bearing sharp aboral spines (red arrow) that begin abruptly (yellow arrow); D, smooth and weakly carinate proximal pinnules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7816197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7816197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,247,189,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Among AH
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark AH" box="[384,541,189,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref11998" refString="Clark AH (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (4 a). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82: 1 - 603, 61 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark’s (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined specimens, those from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[257,365,221,245]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
are the smallest, with 12–25 arms that are
|
||
<quantity box="[174,288,253,277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="40.0">40–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and cirri bearing 25–30 cirrals. As noted in AH
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark AH" box="[215,377,285,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref11998" refString="Clark AH (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (4 a). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82: 1 - 603, 61 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark’s (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
monographs,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[538,649,286,309]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Zygometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="comata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[538,649,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Z. comata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is variable in size-related characteristics such as the number of arms and cirrals. Given that the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[665,775,350,373]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Zygometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="comata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[665,775,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Z. comata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[248,447,381,405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,364,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Zygometra</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be ontogenetic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Messing CG & Tay TS" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" pagination="627 - 658" refId="ref12608" refString="Messing CG & Tay TS (2016) Extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 34: 627 - 658." type="journal article" year="2016">Messing & Tay, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the species identity of examined specimens here cannot be confidently ascertained (see Discussion). This species is distributed from the Mergui Archipelago to north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[296,397,509,533]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[411,518,509,533]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[532,655,509,533]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Hong Kong" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
(AH
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark AH" box="[259,390,541,565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref11998" refString="Clark AH (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (4 a). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82: 1 - 603, 61 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Depth range in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[579,687,541,565]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="99">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
135–
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
|
||
, inhabiting substrates comprising laterite gravel, sand, reddish marine clay, or dead shells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |