treatments-xml/data/03/AB/87/03AB879B7D654566FF1B604BFB778F60.xml

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<mods:title id="7732A3E43417510F6E5FDABEDA7D7D77">Synotis nyalamensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from southern Xizang (Tibet), China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6993593B07D7EF88B21A6C1A4130BE3F">Tang, Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5A9F86677328FEE8FD3D833B1452F14">College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China &amp; tangming @ jxau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8419 - 0996</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D4B616DA5028769C9ECF36CC30BF6FA5">Ren, Chen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9268D9EC55B2201754EACFA2AC0A2B8D">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China &amp; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D70977FB57D518F52CFB38BD7BDE7164">Chen, You-Sheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D15D376FDA5EF11393DCC938E7DCC94B">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China &amp; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C37F3DE3439A2E00657B53EED7D925E5">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China &amp; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China &amp; qeyang @ scib. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6261 - 0731</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03AB879B7D654566FF1B604BFB778F60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831528" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197516994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831528" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB879B7D654566FF1B604BFB778F60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB879B7D654566FF1B604BFB778F60" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<subSubSection id="C31865067D654561FF1B604BFBF38E36" box="[136,1119,1332,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D654561FF1B604BFBF38E36" blockId="2.[136,1119,1332,1359]" box="[136,1119,1332,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<heading id="D0F581E17D654561FF1B604BFBF38E36" box="[136,1119,1332,1359]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D654561FF1B604BFCE68E37" ID-CoL="9VF5K" authority="M. Tang, C. Ren, Y.S. Chen &amp; Q.E. Yang" authorityName="M. Tang, C. Ren, Y. S. Chen &amp; Q. E. Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,842,1332,1359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FF1B604BFEDE8E37" bold="true" box="[136,370,1332,1359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Synotis nyalamensis</emphasis>
M. Tang, C. Ren, Y.S. Chen &amp; Q.E. Yang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FCC6604BFC078E36" bold="true" box="[853,939,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557E47D654561FCC6604BFC078E36" box="[853,939,1332,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<figureCitation id="13392A087D654561FC29604BFBAA8E36" box="[954,1030,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,187,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[170,1417,187,1887]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype sheet of Synotis nyalamensis sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13392A087D654561FB87604BFBF78E36" box="[1044,1115,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1034,1056]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1436,190,1009]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synotis nyalamensis sp. nov. (A–C) and S. kunthiana (D–F), showing their rhizomes, proximal portion of stems, leaves and synflorescences.A. Rhizome and proximal portion of stem. B. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side. C. Synflorescence. D. Rhizome and proximal portion of stems. E. Median portion of stem, showing that the leaves are shortly petiolate. F. Synflorescence. A–C from M. Tang &amp; C. Ren 485 (IBSC), D–F from Blinkworth, Wall. Num. List 3118/228 (K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831534/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">2A–C</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D654561FF1B6023FB4A8EED" blockId="2.[136,1452,1370,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<materialsCitation id="3B6A3CD07D654561FF1B6023FDFB8EED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862674302" collectingDate="2013-08-26" collectionCode="TYPE" country="China" county="Nyalam county" elevation="3200" latitude="28.041533" location="Zhangmu town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="85.75443" municipality="Kangshan" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xizang">
<collectionCode id="ED13AE487D654561FF1B6023FF6B8E09" box="[136,199,1372,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">TYPE</collectionCode>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D654561FF706023FE9E8E09" box="[227,306,1372,1393]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">CHINA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49C6F86F7D654561FEA96023FE2E8E0A" box="[314,386,1372,1394]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Xizang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62DC4E017D654561FE186023FDB28E09" box="[395,542,1372,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Nyalam county</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD9ACF77D654561FDB46023FD2B8E0A" box="[551,647,1372,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Kangshan</collectingMunicipality>
bridge to 
<location id="8EDD60567D654561FD756023FCD68E09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB879B7D654566FF1B604BFB778F60:8EDD60567D654561FD756023FCD68E09" box="[742,890,1372,1394]" country="China" county="Nyalam county" latitude="28.041533" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="85.75443" municipality="Kangshan" name="Zhangmu town" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" stateProvince="Xizang">Zhangmu town</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36504A7D654561FC106025FBB98E09" box="[899,1045,1370,1393]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" precision="1" seconds="29.52" value="28.041533">28°02′29.52″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36504A7D654561FB8D6025FB028E09" box="[1054,1198,1370,1393]" degrees="85" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" precision="1" seconds="15.97" value="85.75443">85°45′15.97″E</geoCoordinate>
, ca. 
<elevation id="002FD1BE7D654561FB4B6023FAFE8E0A" box="[1240,1362,1372,1394]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" unit="m" value="3200.0">
<quantity id="4CFA9B687D654561FB4B6023FA8C8E09" box="[1240,1312,1372,1393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, gravelly places on mountain slope, 
<date id="FFBC104D7D654561FE2E60FFFDFB8EED" box="[445,599,1408,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" value="2013-08-26">
<collectingDate id="EFF8E9A57D654561FE2E60FFFDFB8EED" box="[445,599,1408,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" value="2013-08-26">26 August 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B6A3CD07D654561FDF260FFFD1C8EED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862674301" box="[609,688,1408,1429]" collectionCode="M" collectorName="Tang" country="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FDF260FFFD1C8EED" box="[609,688,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<collectionCode id="ED13AE487D654561FDF260FFFDD48EED" box="[609,632,1408,1429]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26F7535B7D654561FD1260FFFD1C8EED" box="[641,688,1408,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Tang</collectorName>
</emphasis>
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&amp; 
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<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FD5D60FFFC968EED" box="[718,826,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<collectionCode id="ED13AE487D654561FD5D60FFFD4D8EED" box="[718,737,1408,1429]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EDD60567D654561FD7860FFFCBC8EED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB879B7D654566FF1B604BFB778F60:8EDD60567D654561FD7860FFFCBC8EED" box="[747,784,1408,1429]" country="China" name="Ren" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Ren</location>
485
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54B9882F7D654561FCD560FFFC308EEE" box="[838,924,1408,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED13AE487D654561FC3160FFFC768EED" box="[930,986,1408,1429]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15606" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15606" name="South China Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="Herbarium">IBSC</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B6A3CD07D654561FC7060FFFB338EED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862941302" box="[995,1183,1408,1430]" collectionCode="C, IBSC, KUN, PE" country="China" location="Ren" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
isotypes 
<collectionCode id="ED13AE487D654561FBAB60FFFBC28EED" box="[1080,1134,1408,1429]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" name="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="Herbarium">KUN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED13AE487D654561FBEB60FFFB348EED" box="[1144,1176,1408,1429]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15858" name="Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="Herbarium">PE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<figureCitation id="13392A087D654561FB3B60FFFB4D8EED" box="[1192,1249,1408,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,187,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[170,1417,187,1887]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype sheet of Synotis nyalamensis sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31865067D654561FF1B60DBFB168EC1" box="[136,1210,1444,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D654561FF1B60DBFB168EC1" blockId="2.[136,1452,1370,1466]" box="[136,1210,1444,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1211A37D654561FF1B60DBFB168EC1" box="[136,1210,1444,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D654561FF1B60DBFE9F8EC1" ID-CoL="53YHK" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[136,307,1444,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FF1B60DBFE9F8EC1" box="[136,307,1444,1465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Synotis kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct. non (Wallich ex Candolle 1838: 169) 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA3109C7D654561FD4460DBFC498EC1" author="Jeffrey, C. &amp; Chen, Y. L." box="[727,997,1444,1466]" page="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D654561FD4460DBFC498EC1" author="Jeffrey, C. &amp; Chen, Y. L." box="[727,997,1444,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" pagination="205 - 446" refId="ref2661" refString="Jeffrey, C. &amp; Chen, Y. L. (1984) Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia. Kew Bulletin 39: 205 - 446. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4110124? seq = 1]" type="journal article" year="1984">Jeffrey &amp; Chen (1984: 288)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
: Tang &amp; Yang (2013).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31865067D654561FF1B6097FC348D16" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D654561FF1B6097FC348D16" blockId="2.[136,1452,1512,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FF1B6097FF578D7A" bold="true" box="[136,251,1512,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D654561FE8C6097FDAF8D7A" authorityName="M. Tang, C. Ren, Y. S. Chen &amp; Q. E. Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[287,515,1512,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FE8C6097FDAF8D7A" box="[287,515,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Synotis nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D654561FD656097FC288D7A" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[758,900,1512,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FD656097FC288D7A" box="[758,900,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">S. kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having abaxially white-tomentose leaves and cylindric-campanulate capitula, but differs by having higher stature (45–60 vs. 
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), singular (vs. several) stems, caudate-acuminate (vs. acuminate) leaf tips, prominent (vs. obscure) nerves on abaxial side of leaves, more phyllaries (10–13, rarely 8 or 9 vs. 6–8), and more disk florets (15–24 vs. 7–12).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31865067D654566FF2E6307FB328A5C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D654566FF2E6307FDDB8A78" blockId="2.[136,1452,1512,2079]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D654561FF2E6307FEEB8DEA" bold="true" box="[189,327,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="280">Description</emphasis>
:—Perennial rhizomatous subshrubs. Rhizomes thick, woody. Stems solitary, erect, 
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tall, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose, proximally leafless at flowering time. Median stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, green, papery, 
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long, 
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broad, caudate-acuminate, remotely and minutely mucronulate-denticulate, adaxially sparsely pubescent, abaxially grey-whitish arachnoid-tomentose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 8–10; petiole 
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long; upper leaves becoming gradually smaller, sessile, oblong-linear. Capitula radiate, 3–8, loosely arranged in terminal and upper axillary corymbs on inflorescence branches; peduncles (1.0–)2.0– 
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long, slender, pubescent, bearing 1–3 filiform bracteoles. Involucres cylindric-campanulate, 
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long, 
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broad, with 8–10 subulate bracteoles at base, bracts of calyculus 5 to 8, filiform, green or purple, 
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long; phyllaries usually 10–13, rarely 8 or 9, linear-lanceolate, 
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broad, green, herbaceous, sparsely pubescent, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute, pubescent. Ray florets (6–)8, yellow; corolla tube 
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long; lamina oblong, 
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long, 
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broad, shallowly 2- or 3-denticulate, 3 or 4 veined, apex acute. Disk florets 15–24; corolla yellow, 
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long, with 
<quantity id="4CFA9B687D654561FA12629FFF188367" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
long tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-triangular, 
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long, apically acute. Anthers 
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long; anther tails ca. 1.5 times the length of anther collars; appendages ovate-oblong; anther collars slightly dilated at base. Style arms ca. 
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long, fringed with short papillae, the apical tuft not differentiated. Achenes cylindric, 
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long, glabrous. Pappus white, 
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long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7D66057D644560FF1B622DFD748CF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831536/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="281" startId="3.[136,229,1874,1896]" targetBox="[251,1335,190,1850]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D644560FF1B622DFD748CF4" blockId="3.[136,1452,1874,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D644560FF1B622DFF558C1F" bold="true" box="[136,249,1874,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="281">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D644560FE56622CFDDE8C10" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[453,626,1875,1896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D644560FE56622CFDDE8C10" box="[453,626,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="281">Synotis kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(India, Kumaon, 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D644560FCB2622CFB3D8C10" box="[801,1169,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="281">Blinkworth, Wall. Num. List 3118/228</emphasis>
). A. G00468314 (G-DC). B. G00468222 (G-DC). C. E00414025 (E). D. K001118591 (K).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7D66057D634567FF1B61FBFF6E8F9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831538/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="282" startId="4.[136,229,1156,1178]" targetBox="[170,1417,190,1131]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D634567FF1B61FBFF6E8F9A" blockId="4.[136,1452,1156,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D634567FF1B61FBFF548FE1" bold="true" box="[136,248,1156,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D634567FE9761FBFE038FE1" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[260,431,1156,1177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="282" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D634567FE9761FBFE038FE1" box="[260,431,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">Synotis kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wild [on the way from Shongsa Khola (Chusang valley) to Thulo Chaur, Humla district, Nepal]. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Capitulum (side view). D. Capitulum (top view). E. Ray floret (left) and disk floret (right). Photographed by Y.S. Chen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7D66057D634567FF1B6D6EFC32835E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831542" box="[136,926,2064,2087]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="282" startId="4.[136,229,2065,2087]" targetBox="[164,1423,1275,2040]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D634567FF1B6D6EFC32835E" blockId="4.[136,926,2064,2087]" box="[136,926,2064,2087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D634567FF1B6D6EFF5B835E" bold="true" box="[136,247,2065,2087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D634567FE046D6EFDEF835E" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[407,579,2065,2086]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="282" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D634567FE046D6EFDEF835E" box="[407,579,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">Synotis kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(■) and 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D634567FD056D6EFCD8835F" box="[662,884,2065,2087]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D634567FD056D6EFC89835E" authority="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang, 2022" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[662,805,2065,2086]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="282" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis" status="sp. nov.">S. nyalamensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557E47D634567FCB86D6DFCD8835F" box="[811,884,2066,2087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="282" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(●).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D624566FF2E6475FB328A5C" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" box="[189,1182,266,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF2E6475FE958A5C" bold="true" box="[189,313,266,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Phenology</emphasis>
:—Flowering from August to September; fruiting from October to December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31865067D624566FF2E6451FDC58A14" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D624566FF2E6451FDC58A14" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF2E6451FE928A30" bold="true" box="[189,318,302,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet of our new species, “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FCC16451FC708A30" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[850,988,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FCC16451FC708A30" box="[850,988,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, is derived from the 
<typeStatus id="54B9882F7D624566FB7A6450FAB58A31" box="[1257,1305,303,329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">type</typeStatus>
locality, i.e. Nyalam county in southern 
<collectingRegion id="49C6F86F7D624566FE2C642DFDBF8A14" box="[447,531,338,364]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Xizang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D624566FD8D642DFDC98A14" box="[542,613,338,364]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31865067D624566FF2E6409FB778F60" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D624566FF2E6409FED88A85" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF2E6409FE458AE8" bold="true" box="[189,489,374,400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FD9F6408FD5E8AE8" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[524,754,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FD9F6408FD5E8AE8" box="[524,754,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Synotis nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known only from its 
<typeStatus id="54B9882F7D624566FB156408FB1A8AE9" box="[1158,1206,375,401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">type</typeStatus>
locality, i.e. Nyalam county in southern 
<collectingRegion id="49C6F86F7D624566FEF264E5FE198ACC" box="[353,437,410,436]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Xizang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D624566FE5364E5FDAF8ACC" box="[448,515,410,436]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">China</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13392A087D624566FD8064E5FDF48ACD" box="[531,600,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2065,2087]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,1275,2040]" captionTargetId="figure-67@4.[164,1423,1275,2040]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Synotis kunthiana (■) and S. nyalamensis sp. nov. (●)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). It grows in gravelly places on mountain slope at an altitude of ca. 
<quantity id="4CFA9B687D624566FAC564E5FA078ACD" box="[1366,1451,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
above sea level. Its putative closest ally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FDDA64C0FD438AA0" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[585,751,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FDDA64C0FD438AA0" box="[585,751,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn. kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is distributed only in northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D624566FB1364C1FB108AA0" box="[1152,1212,446,472]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D624566FB5464C1FAA18AA0" box="[1223,1293,446,472]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D624566FAD664C1FA0B8AA0" box="[1349,1447,446,472]" name="Pakistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, not in 
<collectingCountry id="F315761D7D624566FF43649DFEBF8A84" box="[208,275,482,508]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">China</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13392A087D624566FEB1649DFECA8A85" box="[290,358,482,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2065,2087]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,1275,2040]" captionTargetId="figure-67@4.[164,1423,1275,2040]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Synotis kunthiana (■) and S. nyalamensis sp. nov. (●)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D624566FF2E6779FDE389C8" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF2E6779FE068958" bold="true" box="[189,426,518,544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Conservation status</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FE5D6778FD038958" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[462,687,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FE5D6778FD038958" box="[462,687,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Synotis nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a locally endemic species. During our field work we tried our best to search for it around the 
<typeStatus id="54B9882F7D624566FE396754FE76893D" box="[426,474,555,581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">type</typeStatus>
locality but discovered only a small population with ca. 15 mature individuals. We have also been unable to trace any herbarium specimen of this species collected prior to us. According to IUCN Red List categories and criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D624566FE02670DFC7A89F4" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Subcommittee" box="[401,982,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" refId="ref2605" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 14 [EB / OL]. 2020 - 04 - 10. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. [https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf]" type="url" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2019</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FC78670CFB0089F4" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[1003,1196,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FC78670CFB0089F4" box="[1003,1196,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn. nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be categorized as a Critically Endangered (CR) species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D624566FF2E67C5FBCC881C" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF2E67C5FEAC89AC" bold="true" box="[189,256,698,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Notes</emphasis>
:—As pointed out by Jeffery &amp; Chen (1984), a notable feature of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FBFC67C4FB6C89AD" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[1135,1216,699,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FBFC67C4FB6C89AD" box="[1135,1216,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Synotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the occurrence of closely similar, usually vicariant but sometimes partially sympatric sets of similar species, which on experimental study may prove better distinguished at subspecific rank. They gave eight examples in the Chinese flora. It seems that 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FF2A6658FECC8838" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[185,352,806,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF2A6658FECC8838" box="[185,352,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn. kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FE046658FDF48838" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[407,600,806,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FE046658FE138839" box="[407,447,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FE5D6659FDF48838" box="[462,600,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are an example in the Himalayan flora. Morphologically these two species, although different in some characters, are indeed closely similar to each other (
<tableCitation id="C68003367D624566FC686635FBE3881C" box="[1019,1103,842,868]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,224,1096,1120]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Synotis kunthiana and S. nyalamensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7D66057D624566FF1B6137FC738F27" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" tableUuid="DF7D66057D624566FF1B6137FC738F27">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD368D7D624566FF2E6611FB778F60" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">
According to Jeffery &amp; Chen (1984), 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D624566FDF76611FD5D88F0" author="Chen, Y. L." box="[612,753,878,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" pagination="167 - 217" refId="ref2427" refString="Chen, Y. L. (1999) Synotis (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey &amp; Y. L. Chen. In: Chen, Y. L. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 77 (1). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 167 - 217." type="book chapter" year="1999">Chen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D624566FCBB6611FC7988F0" author="Li, H. M. &amp; Lazkov, G. A. &amp; Illarionova, I. D. &amp; Tong, T. J. &amp; Shao, Y. Y. &amp; Ren, C." box="[808,981,878,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref2714" refString="Li, H. M., Lazkov, G. A., Illarionova, I. D., Tong, T. J., Shao, Y. Y. &amp; Ren, C. (2018) Transfer of Senecio karelinioides (AsteraceaeSenecioneae) to Synotis based on evidence from morphology, karyology and ITS / ETS sequence data. Nordic Journal of Botany 32: 1 - 12. [https: // onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / abs / 10.1111 / njb. 01838]" type="journal article" year="2018">
Li 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FCDB6610FC2D88F0" box="[840,897,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FC736610FB9D88F1" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[992,1073,879,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FC736610FB9D88F1" box="[992,1073,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Synotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is divisible into two well-marked sections, sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FEB866ECFED088D5" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[299,380,915,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FEB866ECFED088D5" box="[299,380,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Synotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and sect. 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FE7E66EDFD2D88D4" box="[493,641,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Karelinioidei</emphasis>
(Fedtschenko &amp; Fedtschenko ex 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D624566FC6F66EDFB5D88D5" author="Schischkin, B." box="[1020,1265,914,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" pagination="699 - 778" refId="ref3052" refString="Schischkin, B. (1961) Senecio L. In: Schischkin, B. &amp; Bobrov, E. G. (Eds.) Flora SSSR, vol. 26. Akademiya Nauk SSSR Publishers, pp. 699 - 778." type="book chapter" year="1961">Schischkin 1961: 751</bibRefCitation>
) Ren 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FAA666ECFACB88D4" box="[1333,1383,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">et al</emphasis>
. in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D624566FA0166EDFE9F88A8" author="Li, H. M. &amp; Lazkov, G. A. &amp; Illarionova, I. D. &amp; Tong, T. J. &amp; Shao, Y. Y. &amp; Ren, C." pageId="5" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref2714" refString="Li, H. M., Lazkov, G. A., Illarionova, I. D., Tong, T. J., Shao, Y. Y. &amp; Ren, C. (2018) Transfer of Senecio karelinioides (AsteraceaeSenecioneae) to Synotis based on evidence from morphology, karyology and ITS / ETS sequence data. Nordic Journal of Botany 32: 1 - 12. [https: // onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / abs / 10.1111 / njb. 01838]" type="journal article" year="2018">
Li 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF1B66C8FF1688A8" box="[136,186,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">et al</emphasis>
. (2018: 9)
</bibRefCitation>
. The former is divisible into five not very clearly differentiated series, with 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FB1966C8FABB88A8" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1162,1303,950,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FB1966C8FABB88A8" box="[1162,1303,950,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">S. kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonging to 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF1B66A4FF1C888D" box="[136,176,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn</emphasis>
. ser. 
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF7966A5FE3C888C" box="[234,400,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Fulvipapposae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B7C7D624566FE0466A5FD61888C" author="Jeffrey, C. &amp; Chen, Y. L." box="[407,717,986,1012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" pagination="205 - 446" refId="ref2661" refString="Jeffrey, C. &amp; Chen, Y. L. (1984) Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia. Kew Bulletin 39: 205 - 446. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4110124? seq = 1]" type="journal article" year="1984">Jeffrey &amp; Chen (1984: 332)</bibRefCitation>
. Considering the remarkable morphological resemblance between 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FF1B6680FEE48F60" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,328,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FF1B6680FEE48F60" box="[136,328,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn. nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FEEC6680FD8A8F60" authorityName="Jeffrey &amp; Chen" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Wallich ex Candolle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[383,550,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthiana">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FEEC6680FD8A8F60" box="[383,550,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn. kunthiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we propose to place 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D0E7D624566FC896680FC768F60" authorityName="Tang &amp; Ren &amp; Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" box="[794,986,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Synotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyalamensis">
<emphasis id="B976EA9F7D624566FC896680FC768F60" box="[794,986,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="283">Syn. nyalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also within this series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>