196 lines
21 KiB
XML
196 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-ISSN="2305-2562" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683586061090" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cruz Da Silva, Estevam L. & Sierwald, Petra" docDate="2015" docId="03AB87859F34CD4BFE5A7D66FDDCFA05" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.56.2.325-341.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 56 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rothus Simon 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="FF92FFFD9F35CD49FFA67E27FFE1FFA0" masterDocTitle="First description of the male of Rothus vittatus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Pisauridae), with a review of the African nursery web spider genus Rothus Simon, 1898" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="326" updateTime="1683634847844" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First description of the male of Rothus vittatus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Pisauridae), with a review of the African nursery web spider genus Rothus Simon, 1898</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cruz Da Silva, Estevam L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sierwald, Petra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-08-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>56</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>325</mods:start>
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<mods:end>342</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7914113" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87859F34CD4BFE5A7D66FDDCFA05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87859F34CD4BFE5A7D66FDDCFA05" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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<subSubSection box="[508,815,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,833,1677]" box="[508,815,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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<heading box="[508,815,833,859]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="63RWB" authority="Simon, 1898" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[587,815,833,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[587,665,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Rothus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="SIMON, E." box="[672,815,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref8447" refString="SIMON, E. 1898 a. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome 2. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 193 - 380." type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="326" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,833,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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<treatmentCitation author="SIMON, E." box="[181,431,869,891]" page="294" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" year="1898">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="63RWB" authority="Simon, 1898 a: 294" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="294" authorityYear="1898" box="[181,431,869,891]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[181,244,869,890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Rothus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="SIMON, E." box="[252,431,869,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref8447" refString="SIMON, E. 1898 a. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome 2. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 193 - 380." type="book chapter" year="1898">
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Simon, 1898
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<emphasis box="[370,381,869,890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">a</emphasis>
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: 294
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 298, figs 293–294;
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<treatmentCitation author="ROEWER, C. F." box="[625,798,869,891]" page="197" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation author="ROEWER, C. F." box="[625,798,869,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref8314" refString="ROEWER, C. F. 1955. Araneae Lycosaeformia I. (Agelenidae, Hahniidae, Pisauridae) mit Berucksichtigung aller Arten der athiopischen Region. Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte 30: 1 - 420." type="journal article" year="1955">Roewer 1955: 197</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 79–83; Blandin 1977: 546, figs 10–27, 30, 31.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,833,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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<typeStatus box="[181,237,930,956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1898" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[348,753,929,956]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurissatus">
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<emphasis box="[348,592,929,955]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Rothus purpurissatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="SIMON, E." box="[602,753,929,956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref8447" refString="SIMON, E. 1898 a. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome 2. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 193 - 380." type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation (=junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pavesi, 1883" authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1883" box="[442,756,961,988]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopicus">
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<emphasis box="[442,602,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">R. aethiopicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="PAVESI, P." box="[609,756,961,988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref8219" refString="PAVESI, P. 1883. Studi sugli aracnidi africani. III. Aracnidi del regno di Scioa e considerazioni sull'aracnofauna d'Abissinia. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 20: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1883">Pavesi, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,833,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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Diagnosis: Members of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[576,654,1002,1028]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[576,654,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Rothus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be unambiguously distinguished from all other non-pisaurine (
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<emphasis box="[448,510,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">sensu</emphasis>
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Sierwald 1997) African pisaurid genera by the following combination of characters: three cheliceral teeth on the retromargin, AER slightly procurved, PER recurved, wider than AER, and distinct features in the male and female copulatory organs. In males the tegulum is large, with a pronounced anterior projection; the large and pointed conductor; the sickle-shaped embolus, and the median apophysis aligned and pointing almost horizontally retrolaterad.Retrolateral tibial apophysis (
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<collectionCode box="[1079,1135,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">RTA</collectionCode>
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) elongated and with a divided tip. The female copulatory organs feature an anteriorly excavated middle field (
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<figureCitation box="[453,522,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figs 8–11" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,859,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-303@5.[189,1134,859,1567]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 8–11. Rothus aethiopicus Pavesi, 1883:(8–10) female epigynum (8, ventral; 9, dorsal; 10, detail of the head of spermathecae (NCA 2007/1654)); (11) female tarsal claws, right leg IV.Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; HS = head of spermathecae; LL = lateral lobes; MF = middle field." pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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, MF; Blandin 1977: 541, fig. 6) and prominent curved lateral lobes (
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<figureCitation box="[338,413,1290,1316]" captionStart="Figs 8–11" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,859,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-303@5.[189,1134,859,1567]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 8–11. Rothus aethiopicus Pavesi, 1883:(8–10) female epigynum (8, ventral; 9, dorsal; 10, detail of the head of spermathecae (NCA 2007/1654)); (11) female tarsal claws, right leg IV.Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; HS = head of spermathecae; LL = lateral lobes; MF = middle field." pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[429,458,1290,1316]" captionStart="Figs 30–35" captionStartId="11.[181,220,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[189,1134,204,1267]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 30–35. Rothus vittatus Simon, 1898: (30–33) female epigynum (30, ventral; 31, detail of middle field [NCA 2002/989]; 32, dorsal; 33, detail of head of spermathecae [NCA 2004/182]); (34, 35) female tarsal claws (34, detailof superior tarsal claw;35, detailof inferior tarsal claw [NCA]).Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatoryopening; FD = fertilisation duct; HS = head of spermathecae; LL = lateral lobes; MF = middle field." pageId="1" pageNumber="326">30</figureCitation>
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) with correspondingly widely separated, curved copulatory ducts (
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<figureCitation box="[255,328,1322,1348]" captionStart="Figs 8–11" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,859,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-303@5.[189,1134,859,1567]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 8–11. Rothus aethiopicus Pavesi, 1883:(8–10) female epigynum (8, ventral; 9, dorsal; 10, detail of the head of spermathecae (NCA 2007/1654)); (11) female tarsal claws, right leg IV.Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; HS = head of spermathecae; LL = lateral lobes; MF = middle field." pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Figs 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[340,372,1322,1348]" captionStart="Figs 30–35" captionStartId="11.[181,220,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[189,1134,204,1267]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 30–35. Rothus vittatus Simon, 1898: (30–33) female epigynum (30, ventral; 31, detail of middle field [NCA 2002/989]; 32, dorsal; 33, detail of head of spermathecae [NCA 2004/182]); (34, 35) female tarsal claws (34, detailof superior tarsal claw;35, detailof inferior tarsal claw [NCA]).Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatoryopening; FD = fertilisation duct; HS = head of spermathecae; LL = lateral lobes; MF = middle field." pageId="1" pageNumber="326">32</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,833,1677]" lastBlockId="2.[144,1104,1082,1445]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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Relationship: Members of the poorly known genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Pavesi, 1883" authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1883" box="[781,1075,1363,1389]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Chiasmopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[781,918,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Chiasmopes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="PAVESI, P." box="[929,1075,1363,1389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref8219" refString="PAVESI, P. 1883. Studi sugli aracnidi africani. III. Aracnidi del regno di Scioa e considerazioni sull'aracnofauna d'Abissinia. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 20: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1883">Pavesi, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(four species described, males known for a single species only) share similarities with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[1064,1142,1395,1421]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1064,1142,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Rothus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with regards to the copulatory organs. In males (only known in
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<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1898))" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Chiasmopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
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<emphasis box="[908,1142,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Chiasmopes lineatus</emphasis>
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(Pocock, 1898))
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</taxonomicName>
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the tegulum is equally enlarged, and conductor, embolus, median apophysis, and even the retrolateral tibial apophysis are very similar (Blandin 1977: 541, fig. 5). The female epigynum of the four known
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<taxonomicName box="[758,981,1523,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis box="[758,894,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Chiasmopes</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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is very similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[212,327,1555,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatus">
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<emphasis box="[212,327,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">R. vittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Blandin 1977: 541, figs 6–9). Only the vulva of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[907,1142,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Chiasmopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
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<emphasis box="[907,1142,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Chiasmopes lineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been illustrated (Blandin 1977: fig. 29). In this illustration the posterior section of the copulatory ducts are distinctly wider than the more slender ducts in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[1025,1103,1619,1645]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1025,1103,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Rothus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In members of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1883" box="[447,584,1651,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Chiasmopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[447,584,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="326">Chiasmopes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the AER is extremely procurved, with the ALE positioned almost directly beneath the AME (
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<bibRefCitation author="BLANDIN, P." box="[653,867,1082,1109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" pagination="305 - 318" refId="ref8010" refString="BLANDIN, P. 1974. Etudes sur les Pisauridae africaines I. Le probleme de la definition des genres Perenethis L. Koch, 1878, Tetragonophthalma Karsch, 1878, Chiasmopes Pavesi, 1883 et Maypacius Simon, 1898 (Araneae-Pisauridae-Pisaurinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 81: 305 - 318." type="journal article" year="1974">Blandin 1974: 313</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2), and prosoma and opisthosoma are distinctly longer than wide, whereas in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[822,900,1114,1140]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[822,900,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Rothus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the habitus is less elongated (Blandin 1977: 541, figs 1–4). Based on features of the copulatory organs,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[144,222,1178,1204]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[144,222,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Rothus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1883" box="[272,408,1178,1204]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Chiasmopes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[272,408,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Chiasmopes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be congeneric. In the absence of a complete revision of the species of the latter genus and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[980,1099,1210,1236]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pisauridae</taxonomicName>
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, a taxonomic change is premature.
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</paragraph>
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<caption box="[320,929,1005,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" startId="2.[320,353,1005,1027]" targetBox="[210,1038,204,986]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[320,929,1005,1027]" box="[320,929,1005,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">
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Fig. 1. Geographic distribution records of
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<taxonomicName box="[702,836,1005,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis box="[702,765,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Rothus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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in Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[144,1104,1082,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">
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Natural history: Notations on collecting labels from South African specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1883" box="[144,307,1314,1340]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Rothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopicus">
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<emphasis box="[144,307,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">R. aethiopicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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indicate that several were found in vegetation and sometimes inside residences.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[144,1104,1082,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Distribution: Widely distributed across Africa, from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[735,824,1386,1412]" name="Senegal" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
in West Africa,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1009,1104,1386,1412]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in East Africa to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[333,476,1418,1444]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[491,556,1418,1445]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[320,353,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[210,1038,204,986]" captionTargetId="figure-202@2.[210,1038,204,986]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution records of Rothus species in Africa." pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |