1644 lines
185 KiB
XML
1644 lines
185 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The damselfly genus Furagrion Petrulevičius et al. (Odonata, Zygoptera) from the early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark and the dysagrionoid grade</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4397-2497</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4397 - 2497 & Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ware, Jessica L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024, United States of America.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rasmussen, Jan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0520-9148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum Mors, Skarrehagevej 8, DK- 7950 NykØbing Mors, Denmark. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0520 - 9148 & Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. jan. rasmussen @ museummors. dk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sylvestersen, René L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1946-4716</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Fur Museum, Nederby 28, DK- 7884 Fur, Denmark. RLSY @ museumsalling. dk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1946 - 4716</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Olsen, Kent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 10, Aarhus, DK- 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simonsen, Thomas J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-9857-9564</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 10, Aarhus, DK- 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9857 - 9564</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-05-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number>5278</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7908142" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7908142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A5BA5CFFA1FFA3FF40E8A9EBC44A98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5BA5CFFA1FFA3FF40E8A9EBC44A98" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
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<subSubSection box="[151,515,713,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,713,811]" box="[151,515,713,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
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<treatmentCitation author="Zessin, W." box="[151,508,713,739]" page="65" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName authority="Zessin, 2011: 65" authorityName="Zessin. As" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,508,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Morsagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,294,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Morsagrion</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Zessin, W." box="[304,508,713,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="64 - 73" refId="ref14309" refString="Zessin, W. (2011) Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Palaozan / Eozan) von Danemark Teil 1 (Odonata: Epallagidae, Megapodagrioniidae), Virgo, Mitteilungsblatt des Entomologischen Vereins Mecklenburg, 14, 64 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">Zessin, 2011: 65</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,713,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
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<typeStatus box="[523,584,713,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Zessin, 2011" authorityName="Zessin" authorityYear="2011" box="[700,1123,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Morsagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[700,957,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Morsagrion ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zessin, W." box="[967,1123,713,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="64 - 73" refId="ref14309" refString="Zessin, W. (2011) Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Palaozan / Eozan) von Danemark Teil 1 (Odonata: Epallagidae, Megapodagrioniidae), Virgo, Mitteilungsblatt des Entomologischen Vereins Mecklenburg, 14, 64 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">Zessin, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation. Syn. nov.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<subSubSection box="[151,388,785,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,713,811]" box="[151,388,785,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,257,785,811]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="1.[152,255,1633,1657]" captionStartId-1="2.[152,255,1807,1831]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1427,525,1601]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1421,1101,1773]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,489,1438]" captionTargetBox-3="[176,1415,670,1949]" captionTargetId-0="figure-182@1.[151,1436,525,1610]" captionTargetId-1="figure-470@2.[151,1436,1101,1784]" captionTargetId-2="figure-188@4.[151,1436,489,1438]" captionTargetId-3="figure-172@5.[171,1415,662,1954]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. MGUH 1819, Henriksen’s type specimen of Phenacolestes jutlandica: A, photograph; B, drawing; C–E, labelled wings. A, B to scale, C–E to scale, both scales 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. FUM-N 13856, with which Petrulevičius et al. (2008) defined Furagrion (as ERK-KL-T1): A, photograph; B, drawing. Both to scale, 5 mm. A forewing. Ax1, Ax2 = antenodal cross veins 1 and 2; arc = arculus; b = brace vein; CuA = anterior branch of the cubitus; IR1, IR2 = intercalar vein 1 and 2; MA, MP = the anterior and posterior branches of the media; nod = nodus; pt = pterostigma; Q = quadrangle; RA = radius anterior; RP1, RP2, RP3-4 = branches of the radius posterior; sn = subnodus; * = origin of RP2." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752:A, photograph of the whole insect; B, photograph of the head; C, drawing of the head, showing bulging left compound eye. A to scale, 5 mm; B, C to scale, 5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Wings of Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752. The top two are hind wings and the bottom two are forewings. All to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906174" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906176" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906180" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906182" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7906174/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7906176/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7906180/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7906182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[269,314,785,811]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1436,181,1240]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1772]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1420,422,1724]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@9.[151,1436,181,1245]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,1778]" captionTargetId-2="figure-144@11.[163,1425,417,1733]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. 14M-A2163: A, photograph; B, drawing; C. drawing of the hind wing (red in Fig. 6B). All to scale, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. MM-10750: A, photograph; B, drawing, wing colours as in Fig. 8. Both to scale, 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Wings of MM-10750, colour-coded forewings (FW) and hind wings (HW) to match colours in Fig. 7. All to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906186" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906188" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906190" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7906186/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7906188/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7906190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">6–8</figureCitation>
|
||
, 1124.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection box="[151,1346,850,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="taxon_list">
|
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,850,1453]" box="[151,1346,850,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,354,850,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Included species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Henriksen, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[360,811,851,877]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,598,851,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Furagrion jutlandica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henriksen, K." box="[614,803,851,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12417" refString="Henriksen, K. (1922) Eocene insects from Denmark. Danmarks Grologiske UndersOgelser, II Raekke, 37, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1922">Henriksen, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Zessin, 2011)" authorityName="Archibald & Ware & Rasmussen & Sylvestersen & Olsen & Simonsen" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Zessin" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[822,1211,851,877]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansorgei" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[822,1043,851,876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Furagrion ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zessin, W." box="[1058,1203,851,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="64 - 73" refId="ref14309" refString="Zessin, W. (2011) Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Palaozan / Eozan) von Danemark Teil 1 (Odonata: Epallagidae, Megapodagrioniidae), Virgo, Mitteilungsblatt des Entomologischen Vereins Mecklenburg, 14, 64 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">Zessin, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1218,1346,851,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1218,1346,851,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,850,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,387,887,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Range and age.</emphasis>
|
||
Earliest Ypresian Fur Formation, Jutland,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[877,985,887,913]" name="Denmark" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimens of this genus are known to range from just below ash layer -13 within the Knudeklint Member to the lower part of the Silstrup Member (the ash layer +25 – +30 interval) of the Fur Formation, which has an absolute age of approximately 55.5 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Storey, M. & Duncan, R. A. & Swisher, C. C." pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="587 - 589" refId="ref13904" refString="Storey, M., Duncan, R. A. & Swisher, C. C. (2007) Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Opening of the Northeast Atlantic. Science, 316 (5824), 587 - 589. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1135274" type="journal article" year="2007">Storey 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stokke, E. W. & Jones, M. T. & Tierney, J. E. & Svensen, H. H. & Whiteside, J. H." box="[223,437,995,1021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="116388" refId="ref13959" refString="Stokke, E. W., Jones, M. T., Tierney, J. E., Svensen, H. H. & Whiteside, J. H. (2020) Temperature changes across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum - a new high-resolution TEX 86 temperature record from the Eastern North Sea Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 544, 116388. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. epsl. 2020.116388" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Stokke
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,367,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Six of the sixteen examined fossils, however, are from unknown levels within the Fur Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,850,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,441,1066,1093]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[614,731,1067,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[614,731,1067,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of similar extant and extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1283,1398,1067,1093]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possession of all nine wing character states of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cockrerell (Cephalozygoptera)" box="[730,1251,1103,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae Cockrerell (Cephalozygoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
diagnosis listed below, but the genus is excluded from that family and suborder by their zygopteran bulging, hemispherical compound eyes set far apart on a short head (see Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[702,759,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021). Wings most easily distinguished from those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,266,1211,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and from taxa that possess many of the nine wing character states listed below and might be
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1321,1436,1211,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[183,387,1247,1273]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: from
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,810,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Viridiflumineagrion</emphasis>
|
||
Nel by pterostigma
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1068,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 2.5 times longer than wide [
|
||
<emphasis box="[1403,1429,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 4.7 times], from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kennedy" authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1925" box="[341,611,1283,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" genus="Miopodagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[341,503,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Miopodagrion</emphasis>
|
||
Kennedy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by C-RA space distad pterostigma with one row of cells [apparently two full rows]. Wings distinguished from genera with similar wings without an associated head by one or more of the following: 10, C-RA space distad pterostigma almost always with a single row of cells, rarely a few rows two cells wide immediately distad pterostigma; 11, CuA-A space usually two, sometimes maximum three cells wide; 12, possession of a brace vein; 13, no accessory (“secondary”) antenodal crossveins:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,953,1492,1699]" box="[151,944,1492,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Archibald and Cannings" authorityName="Archibald and Cannings" box="[151,533,1492,1518]" class="Insecta" genus="Allenbya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,251,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Allenbya</emphasis>
|
||
Archibald and Cannings
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [10: 2 and 3 cells wide throughout];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,953,1492,1699]" box="[151,801,1528,1555]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Garrouste et al." authorityName="Garrouste" box="[151,416,1528,1554]" class="Insecta" genus="Valerea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,236,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Valerea</emphasis>
|
||
Garrouste
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,416,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [10: many, up to five cells wide];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,953,1492,1699]" box="[151,693,1564,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel et al." authorityName="Nel" box="[151,458,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" genus="Thanetophilosina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,347,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Thanetophilosina</emphasis>
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,458,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [12: no brace vein];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,953,1492,1699]" box="[151,850,1600,1627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel and Arillo" authorityName="Nel and Arillo" box="[151,561,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Electrophenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,389,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Electrophenacolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Nel and Arillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [11: up to five wide, 13];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,953,1492,1699]" box="[151,653,1636,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,297,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Menatagrion</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Jouault, C." box="[304,550,1636,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="631 - 648" refId="ref12901" refString="Nel, A. & Jouault, C. (2022) The odonatan insects from the Paleocene of Menat, central France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 67, 631 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00960.2021" type="journal article" year="2022">Nel and Jouault, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[12, 13];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,953,1492,1699]" box="[151,953,1672,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
Chickaloon specimen of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garrouste, R. & Nel, A." box="[430,703,1672,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="1939 - 1946" refId="ref12182" refString="Garrouste, R. & Nel, A. (2019) Alaskan Palaeogene insects: a challenge for a better knowledge of the Beringian ' route' (Odonata: Aeshnidae, Dysagrionidae). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17, 1939 - 1946. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2019.1572235" type="journal article" year="2019">Garrouste & Nel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: [11: up to four wide];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,1737,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
Specimen MeI6572 (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[428,654,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megapodagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus and species A of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Wappler, T. & Wedmann, S. & Rust, J. & Nel, A." box="[906,1173,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="1173 - 1181" refId="ref13479" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F., Wappler, T., Wedmann, S., Rust, J. & Nel, A. (2008) New Megapodagrionid Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) from the Paleogene of Europe. Journal of Paleontology, 82, 1173 - 1181." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Petrulevičius
|
||
<emphasis box="[1056,1110,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1181,1201,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1212,1436,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megapodagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus and species A of Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,587,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021): [10: most of C-RA space two cells wide].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,1737,2016]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,465,1809,1835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Emended description.</emphasis>
|
||
Head short. Compound eyes bulging, hemispherical, set apart twice their width in dorsal aspect. Thorax, legs generalised as known by preservation. Forewing. Membrane darkly infuscate, but some might be hyaline as preserved (see below). Measurements, ratios of these see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1029,1123,1881,1907]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,1570,1594]" captionTargetId="graphics-268@4.[151,1434,1635,2018]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measured distances from known Furagrion fore- and hind wings in millimeters: pt = pterostigma, apx = apex, arc = arculus, nod = nodus, RP2 = the origin of RP2, w = maximum width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA6FFAAFF4FEC42EA8F4E43" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFA6FFAAFF4FEC42EA8F4E43">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1179,1196,1881,1907]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetId="graphics-41@5.[151,1434,180,606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Ratios of measurements in Table 1. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA7FFABFF4FEAF7EA8648AD" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFA7FFABFF4FEAF7EA8648AD">2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Antenodal crossvein Ax0 absent, Ax1 and Ax2 somewhat lengthened to moderately expand antenodal space. No accessory antenodal crossveins. Pterostigma
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,454,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 2–3 times longer than wide; anterior, posterior margins oblique; subtends 2–3 cells; distinctly oblique brace vein at basal-posterior corner in RA-RP1 space. Crossveins in postnodal, postsubnodal spaces mostly aligned basally, usually not distally. C-RA space distad pterostigma almost always with a single row of cells, rarely briefly two cells wide (see
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[693,847,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[693,847,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<typeStatus box="[969,1061,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1074,1184,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,489,1438]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1415,670,1949]" captionTargetId-0="figure-188@4.[151,1436,489,1438]" captionTargetId-1="figure-172@5.[171,1415,662,1954]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752:A, photograph of the whole insect; B, photograph of the head; C, drawing of the head, showing bulging left compound eye. A to scale, 5 mm; B, C to scale, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Wings of Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752. The top two are hind wings and the bottom two are forewings. All to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906180" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906182" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7906180/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7906182/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
); RA meets margin at or very near apex; slightly upturned near margin. Wing dense with cells throughout. RP2: origin 6.5–9 cells distal to origin of IR2. IR2: origin at or very near, basal to subnodus. RP3-4: origin about 3/5 from arculus to subnodus. Arculus at or very close basad Ax2. All major veins linear except MA zigzagged distad
|
||
<emphasis box="[1189,1215,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. mid-way between arculus, termination; CuA zigzagged, slightly near quadrangle, increasingly toward terminus. No crossvein O. CuA terminates on posterior margin
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,538,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. mid-way between nodus, apex; CuA–A space 2–3 cells wide at widest. Hind wing. Like forewing except shorter relative to width; measurements, ratios of these see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1146,1241,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,1570,1594]" captionTargetId="graphics-268@4.[151,1434,1635,2018]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measured distances from known Furagrion fore- and hind wings in millimeters: pt = pterostigma, apx = apex, arc = arculus, nod = nodus, RP2 = the origin of RP2, w = maximum width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA6FFAAFF4FEC42EA8F4E43" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFA6FFAAFF4FEC42EA8F4E43">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1298,1315,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetId="graphics-41@5.[151,1434,180,606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Ratios of measurements in Table 1. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA7FFABFF4FEAF7EA8648AD" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFA7FFABFF4FEAF7EA8648AD">2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Abdomen generalised as known by preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906180/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" startId="4.[151,250,1462,1486]" targetBox="[151,1435,489,1438]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1462,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1462,1486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[279,503,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,503,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Furagrion jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed neotype MM-10752: A, photograph of the whole insect; B, photograph of the head; C, drawing of the head, showing bulging left compound eye. A to scale, 5 mm; B, C to scale, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF735BC2FFA6FFAAFF4FEC42EA8F4E43" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA6FFAAFF4FEC42EA8F4E43" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" startId="4.[152,244,1570,1594]" targetBox="[166,1394,1646,2012]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1570,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,270,1570,1594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measured distances from known
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[626,737,1571,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,737,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fore- and hind wings in millimeters: pt = pterostigma, apx = apex, arc = arculus, nod = nodus, RP2 = the origin of RP2, w = maximum width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<table box="[166,1394,1646,2012]" gridcols="13" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1646,1670]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[407,538,1646,1670]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[407,509,1646,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[928,1059,1646,1670]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[928,1041,1646,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Hind wing</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1685,1805]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<th box="[166,305,1685,1805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,270,1685,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[407,451,1685,1805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[408,433,1711,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">arc-apex</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,538,1685,1805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,520,1716,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">nod-apx</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[581,625,1685,1805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[581,606,1699,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">RP 2 - apex</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[668,712,1685,1805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[668,693,1739,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">arc-pt</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,799,1685,1805]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,780,1733,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">nod-pt</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[841,873,1685,1805]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[842,867,1786,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[928,972,1685,1805]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[929,954,1722,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">arc-apx</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1059,1685,1805]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1015,1040,1704,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">nod-apex</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1146,1685,1805]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1102,1127,1710,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">RP 2- apx</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1189,1233,1685,1805]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1189,1214,1739,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">arc-pt</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1319,1685,1805]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1276,1301,1733,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">nod-pt</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1362,1394,1685,1805]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1388,1786,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1826,1851]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<th box="[166,305,1826,1851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">MM-10752</th>
|
||
<td box="[407,451,1826,1851]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">24.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,538,1826,1851]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[581,625,1826,1851]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">13.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[668,712,1826,1851]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">21.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,799,1826,1851]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">17.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[841,873,1826,1851]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[928,972,1826,1851]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">23.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1059,1826,1851]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1146,1826,1851]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">14.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1189,1233,1826,1851]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">20.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1319,1826,1851]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">15.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1362,1394,1826,1851]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1866,1891]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<th box="[166,305,1866,1891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">MM-10750</th>
|
||
<td box="[407,451,1866,1891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">25.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,538,1866,1891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">21.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[581,625,1866,1891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">14.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[668,712,1866,1891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">21.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,799,1866,1891]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">17.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[841,873,1866,1891]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[928,972,1866,1891]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">23.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1059,1866,1891]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1146,1866,1891]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">15.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1189,1233,1866,1891]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">20.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1319,1866,1891]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">16.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1362,1394,1866,1891]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1907,1931]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<th box="[166,305,1907,1931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">MM-4785AB</th>
|
||
<td box="[407,451,1907,1931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">23.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,538,1907,1931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[581,625,1907,1931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">13.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[668,712,1907,1931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,799,1907,1931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">15.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[841,873,1907,1931]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[928,972,1907,1931]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">21.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1059,1907,1931]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1146,1907,1931]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">13.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1189,1233,1907,1931]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">18.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1319,1907,1931]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1362,1394,1907,1931]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1947,1971]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<th box="[166,305,1947,1971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">14M-3801</th>
|
||
<td box="[407,451,1947,1971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">22.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,538,1947,1971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[581,625,1947,1971]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[668,712,1947,1971]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">19.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,799,1947,1971]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">15.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[841,873,1947,1971]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[928,972,1947,1971]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">20.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1059,1947,1971]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">17.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1146,1947,1971]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">12.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1189,1233,1947,1971]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">17.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1319,1947,1971]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">14.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1362,1394,1947,1971]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">5.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1394,1987,2012]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<th box="[166,305,1987,2012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">MGUH 1819</th>
|
||
<td box="[407,451,1987,2012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,538,1987,2012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">20.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[581,625,1987,2012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">13.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[668,712,1987,2012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,799,1987,2012]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">15.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[841,873,1987,2012]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">6.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[928,972,1987,2012]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1059,1987,2012]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1146,1987,2012]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1189,1233,1987,2012]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1319,1987,2012]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1362,1394,1987,2012]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF735BC2FFA7FFABFF4FEAF7EA8648AD" box="[152,958,151,176]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA7FFABFF4FEAF7EA8648AD" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" startId="5.[152,244,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1389,191,600]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[152,958,151,176]" box="[152,958,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,271,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Ratios of measurements in Table 1. Abbreviations as in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<table box="[166,1389,191,600]" gridcols="11" gridrows="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,191,215]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[418,565,191,215]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[418,520,191,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[933,1080,191,215]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[933,1046,191,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Hind wing</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,231,255]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[166,300,231,255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,270,231,255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,262,393]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[418,462,262,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[418,443,285,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">arc-apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[521,565,262,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[521,546,279,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">nod-apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[624,668,262,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[624,649,262,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">RP 2 - apex / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[727,771,262,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[727,752,302,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">arc-pt /w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[830,874,262,393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[830,855,296,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">nod-pt / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[933,977,262,393]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[934,959,285,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">arc-apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1036,1080,262,393]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1036,1061,279,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">nod-apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1139,1183,262,393]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1140,1165,262,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">RP 2 - apex / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1242,1286,262,393]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1243,1268,302,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">arc-pt /w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1389,262,393]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1346,1371,296,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">nod-pt / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,415,439]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<th box="[166,300,415,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">MM-10752</th>
|
||
<td box="[418,462,415,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.67</td>
|
||
<td box="[521,565,415,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.97</td>
|
||
<td box="[624,668,415,439]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.04</td>
|
||
<td box="[727,771,415,439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.13</td>
|
||
<td box="[830,874,415,439]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.54</td>
|
||
<td box="[933,977,415,439]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.48</td>
|
||
<td box="[1036,1080,415,439]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.94</td>
|
||
<td box="[1139,1183,415,439]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.17</td>
|
||
<td box="[1242,1286,415,439]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.03</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1389,415,439]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,455,479]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<th box="[166,300,455,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">MM-10750</th>
|
||
<td box="[418,462,455,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.74</td>
|
||
<td box="[521,565,455,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.10</td>
|
||
<td box="[624,668,455,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.15</td>
|
||
<td box="[727,771,455,479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.21</td>
|
||
<td box="[830,874,455,479]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.53</td>
|
||
<td box="[933,977,455,479]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.43</td>
|
||
<td box="[1036,1080,455,479]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.86</td>
|
||
<td box="[1139,1183,455,479]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.17</td>
|
||
<td box="[1242,1286,455,479]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.90</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1389,455,479]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,495,520]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<th box="[166,300,495,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">MM-4785</th>
|
||
<td box="[418,462,495,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.90</td>
|
||
<td box="[521,565,495,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.30</td>
|
||
<td box="[624,668,495,520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.27</td>
|
||
<td box="[727,771,495,520]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.27</td>
|
||
<td box="[830,874,495,520]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.63</td>
|
||
<td box="[933,977,495,520]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.54</td>
|
||
<td box="[1036,1080,495,520]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1139,1183,495,520]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.23</td>
|
||
<td box="[1242,1286,495,520]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.02</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1389,495,520]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,536,560]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<th box="[166,300,536,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">14M-3801</th>
|
||
<td box="[418,462,536,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.62</td>
|
||
<td box="[521,565,536,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.99</td>
|
||
<td box="[624,668,536,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[727,771,536,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.15</td>
|
||
<td box="[830,874,536,560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.41</td>
|
||
<td box="[933,977,536,560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1036,1080,536,560]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1139,1183,536,560]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.22</td>
|
||
<td box="[1242,1286,536,560]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1389,536,560]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1389,576,600]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<th box="[166,300,576,600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">MGUH 1819</th>
|
||
<td box="[418,462,576,600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[521,565,576,600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3.25</td>
|
||
<td box="[624,668,576,600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.11</td>
|
||
<td box="[727,771,576,600]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[830,874,576,600]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">2.44</td>
|
||
<td box="[933,977,576,600]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1036,1080,576,600]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1139,1183,576,600]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1242,1286,576,600]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1389,576,600]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906182/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" startId="5.[151,250,1977,2001]" targetBox="[176,1415,670,1949]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1977,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1977,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[379,603,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[379,603,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Furagrion jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed neotype MM-10752. The top two are hind wings and the bottom two are forewings. All to scale, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,678,150,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[324,671,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
Proposed
|
||
<typeStatus box="[440,529,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henriksen, K." box="[686,904,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12417" refString="Henriksen, K. (1922) Eocene insects from Denmark. Danmarks Grologiske UndersOgelser, II Raekke, 37, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1922">Henriksen’s (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[912,1010,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and only specimen then known (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,525,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-182@1.[151,1436,525,1610]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. MGUH 1819, Henriksen’s type specimen of Phenacolestes jutlandica: A, photograph; B, drawing; C–E, labelled wings. A, B to scale, C–E to scale, both scales 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906174/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) is incomplete, consisting of two wings that are partially complete distal to the nodus, the mid-posterior fragment of a third, and an abdomen that is complete except for a portion of its base (MGUH 1819, Natural History Museum of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[189,296,259,285]" name="Denmark" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
, University of Copenhagen,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[648,758,259,285]" name="Denmark" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Lacking information from the diagnostically important antenodal region of the wings, he assigned the species to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[809,969,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,969,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Phenacolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an extinct genus of the extinct suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,355,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from the Eocene and possibly Miocene (see table 3 of Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1224,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021) with similar venation in its preserved portions.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[535,725,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="59 - 69" refId="ref11889" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1908 a) Fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 59 - 69." type="journal article" year="1908">Cockerell (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had assigned the genus to the Dysagrioninae, then a zygopteran subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[305,508,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Agrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agrionidae Leach</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" box="[586,832,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calopterygidae Sélys</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Recognising the limitations of the incomplete type specimen,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Paicheler, J. - C." box="[272,539,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref12947" refString="Nel, A. & Paicheler, J. - C. (1994) Les Lestoidea fossiles. Un inventaire critique (Odonata, Zygoptera). Annales de Paleontologie, 90, 1 - 59. (rang B)" type="journal article" year="1994">Nel & Paicheler (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the species ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[819,979,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[819,979,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Phenacolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[995,1109,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1109,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">jutlandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as family indet.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rust, J." box="[1302,1436,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" refId="ref13654" refString="Rust, J. (1999) Biologie der Insekten aus dem altesten Tertiar Nordeuropas. Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi fu ¨ r das Fach Zoologie. Postdoctoral thesis, Biologische Fakultat der Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Lower Saxony, 482 pp." type="book" year="1999">Rust (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expressed even less confidence in the generic assignment, treating the species as ‘Dysagrioninae gen. indet.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[151,265,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,265,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">jutlandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, illustrating it (his fig. 4 and plate 1, fig. a) with the non-type specimen FUM-N 13856 (then ERK KL Tl), an almost complete isolated wing and 14M-A2163 (his plate 1, fig. b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Wappler, T. & Wedmann, S. & Rust, J. & Nel, A." box="[199,494,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="1173 - 1181" refId="ref13479" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F., Wappler, T., Wedmann, S., Rust, J. & Nel, A. (2008) New Megapodagrionid Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) from the Paleogene of Europe. Journal of Paleontology, 82, 1173 - 1181." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Petrulevičius
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,411,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned the species to their new, monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1091,1208,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1208,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on ERK-KL-T1 (FUM-N 13856) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[400,473,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,1101,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[151,1436,1101,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. FUM-N 13856, with which Petrulevičius et al. (2008) defined Furagrion (as ERK-KL-T1): A, photograph; B, drawing. Both to scale, 5 mm. A forewing. Ax1, Ax2 = antenodal cross veins 1 and 2; arc = arculus; b = brace vein; CuA = anterior branch of the cubitus; IR1, IR2 = intercalar vein 1 and 2; MA, MP = the anterior and posterior branches of the media; nod = nodus; pt = pterostigma; Q = quadrangle; RA = radius anterior; RP1, RP2, RP3-4 = branches of the radius posterior; sn = subnodus; * = origin of RP2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906176/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zessin, W." box="[496,653,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="64 - 73" refId="ref14309" refString="Zessin, W. (2011) Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Palaozan / Eozan) von Danemark Teil 1 (Odonata: Epallagidae, Megapodagrioniidae), Virgo, Mitteilungsblatt des Entomologischen Vereins Mecklenburg, 14, 64 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">Zessin (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subsequently described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zessin" authorityYear="2011" box="[937,1128,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[937,1128,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Furagrion morsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zessin" authorityYear="2011" box="[1188,1429,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Morsagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1188,1429,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Morsagrion ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, erroneously citing FUM-N 13856 (as ERK-KL-T1) of Petrulevičius
|
||
<emphasis box="[914,970,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1047,1145,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Henriksen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1182,1429,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1182,1429,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Furagrion jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[270,326,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021) considered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[543,660,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[543,660,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a dysagrionid in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[895,1102,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
We agree that FUM-N 13856 is conspecific with Henriksen’s
|
||
<typeStatus box="[870,968,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by the extensive similarity of all preserved parts. Despite subsequently being treated as the specimen of reference, this fossil was not designated a
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1341,1433,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, however, and lacks the head, necessary for assessing family and suborder affinities (see below). Therefore, to bring clarity and nomenclatural stability to the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[624,741,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,741,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concept, we will be requesting in a forthcoming Case to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature that they designate as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1020,1109,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1145,1436,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Phenacolestes jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen MM-10752, which is a well-preserved specimen in dorsal aspect, with all four wings and body almost complete, including the faint but distinct left compound eye (the right is indistinct), and parts of three legs (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,489,1438]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1415,670,1949]" captionTargetId-0="figure-188@4.[151,1436,489,1438]" captionTargetId-1="figure-172@5.[171,1415,662,1954]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752:A, photograph of the whole insect; B, photograph of the head; C, drawing of the head, showing bulging left compound eye. A to scale, 5 mm; B, C to scale, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Wings of Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752. The top two are hind wings and the bottom two are forewings. All to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906180" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906182" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7906180/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7906182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF735BC2FFA4FFA8FF4FEE7CE81D4C44" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA4FFA8FF4FEE7CE81D4C44" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" startId="6.[152,244,1052,1076]" targetBox="[166,1401,1128,1630]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1052,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,270,1052,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements in millimeters and ratios of these for wings not known to be fore- or hind wings. Abbreviations as in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<table box="[166,1401,1128,1630]" gridcols="12" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1128,1152]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[433,754,1128,1152]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[433,713,1128,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Measurements (distances)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[987,1049,1128,1152]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1049,1128,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">ratios</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1168,1302]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1168,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,270,1168,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1168,1302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[433,458,1219,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">arc-apx</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1168,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[525,550,1213,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">nod-apx</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1168,1302]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[618,643,1208,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">RP 2 - apx</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1168,1302]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[710,735,1236,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">arc-pt</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1168,1302]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[803,828,1230,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">nod-pt</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1168,1302]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,920,1284,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1168,1302]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[988,1013,1194,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">arc-apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1168,1302]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1080,1105,1188,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">nod-apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1168,1302]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1172,1197,1182,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">RP 2 - apx / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1168,1302]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1265,1290,1211,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">arc-pt / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1168,1302]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1357,1382,1205,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">nod-pt / w</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1324,1348]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1324,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">MM-2805</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1324,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">24.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1324,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">20.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1324,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">14.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1324,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">21.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1324,1348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">16.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1324,1348]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1324,1348]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.62</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1324,1348]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.99</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1324,1348]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.09</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1324,1348]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1324,1348]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1364,1388]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1364,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">FUM-N 13856</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1364,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">24.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1364,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">20.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1364,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">15.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1364,1388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">21.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1364,1388]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">17.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1364,1388]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1364,1388]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.66</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1364,1388]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.07</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1364,1388]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.26</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1364,1388]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1364,1388]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1404,1429]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1404,1429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">FUM-N 11146</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1404,1429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1404,1429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">20.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1404,1429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">14.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1404,1429]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1404,1429]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">17.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1404,1429]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1404,1429]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1404,1429]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.22</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1404,1429]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.22</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1404,1429]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1404,1429]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.78</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1445,1469]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1445,1469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">FUM-N 16192</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1445,1469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1445,1469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">18.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1445,1469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">13.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1445,1469]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1445,1469]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">15.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1445,1469]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1445,1469]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1445,1469]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.86</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1445,1469]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1445,1469]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1445,1469]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1485,1509]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1485,1509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">FUM-N 11616</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1485,1509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">22.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1485,1509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">18.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1485,1509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">14.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1485,1509]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">19.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1485,1509]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">15.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1485,1509]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1485,1509]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.45</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1485,1509]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.86</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1485,1509]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1485,1509]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.94</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1485,1509]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1525,1549]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1525,1549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">FUM-N 14704</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1525,1549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">26.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1525,1549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">21.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1525,1549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">14.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1525,1549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">21.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1525,1549]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">16.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1525,1549]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1525,1549]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">4.02</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1525,1549]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.23</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1525,1549]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1525,1549]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.30</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1525,1549]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1565,1590]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1565,1590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">MGUH 34113</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1565,1590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">23.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1565,1590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">19.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1565,1590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">12.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1565,1590]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">20.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1565,1590]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">16.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1565,1590]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">5.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1565,1590]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.97</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1565,1590]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.32</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1565,1590]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1565,1590]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.42</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1565,1590]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.76</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1401,1606,1630]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th box="[166,317,1606,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">MOA 770</th>
|
||
<td box="[433,477,1606,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">25.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[525,569,1606,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">21.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[617,661,1606,1630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">13.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[710,754,1606,1630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">22.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[802,846,1606,1630]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">17.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[895,927,1606,1630]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">6.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[987,1049,1606,1630]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">4.05</td>
|
||
<td box="[1080,1124,1606,1630]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.33</td>
|
||
<td box="[1172,1216,1606,1630]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1265,1309,1606,1630]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3.50</td>
|
||
<td box="[1357,1401,1606,1630]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2.83</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,731,1641,1668]" box="[151,731,1641,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<tableNote box="[151,731,1641,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" targetBox="[166,1401,1128,1630]" targetPageId="6">*not included in PCA, lacking too many characters.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1713,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,758,1713,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,751,1713,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Family assignment and the dysagrionoid grade</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The wings of MM-10752 and the FUM-N 13856 wing are consistent with all nine wing character states used in part for the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[886,1049,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
diagnosis (Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1356,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021), and Henriksen’s MGUH 1819 possesses those character states for the characters that are observable. These are (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,219,1821,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. The wing of the Eocene Dysagrion lakesii showing the nine character states of Dysagriondae (see text) and wings of other odonates bearing many of these. Orange indicates the antesubnodal space, blue the quadrangle, and green the CuA- A space. Asterix indicates the origin of RP3-4. All scale bars 5 mm, Argia funki (Selys) and Austroargiolestes brookhousei Theischinger & O’Farrell to same scale. D. lakesii redrawn from Scudder (1890), Viridiflumineagrion aasei from Nel (2022), Austroargiolestes brookhousei from Tann (2021), Argia funki from Garrison et al. (2010), and Treintamilun vuelvenlucha redrawn from Petrulevičius (2017). Abbreviations as in Fig. 2 except: AA = anterior anal vein; CuP = posterior cubitus; * = origin of RP3-4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, shown on the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scudder" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" box="[387,684,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Dysagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lakesii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,585,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Dysagrion lakesii</emphasis>
|
||
Scudder
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wing):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1893,2027]" box="[151,417,1893,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">1- crossvein O absent;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1893,2027]" box="[151,598,1929,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">2- arculus at or closely proximad Ax2;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1893,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">3- quadrangle broad, distal side longer than proximal, posterior side longer than anterior, distal-posterior angle oblique, proximal-anterior angle usually about 90°;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1419,151,357]" box="[151,763,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">4- nodus at least a quarter wing length, usually more;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1419,151,357]" box="[151,934,186,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">5- AA, AP branch before joining CuP, AA briefly free distad petiole;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1419,151,357]" box="[151,1128,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
6- RP3-4 originates
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,420,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. one to usually two thirds the length from arculus to subnodus;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1419,151,357]" box="[151,1419,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
7- antesubnodal space without crossveins (note:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Jouault, C." box="[710,949,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="631 - 648" refId="ref12901" refString="Nel, A. & Jouault, C. (2022) The odonatan insects from the Paleocene of Menat, central France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 67, 631 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00960.2021" type="journal article" year="2022">Nel & Jouault (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mistakenly read this as
|
||
<emphasis box="[1219,1402,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">antenodal space</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1419,151,357]" box="[151,849,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">8- CuA–A space expanded in middle, at least two cells wide;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1419,151,357]" box="[151,855,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">9- CuA long, ends on posterior margin at mid-wing or further</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,396,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
These character states define the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[590,753,396,422]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in combination with head character states of the suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,355,432,458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(diagnosis of Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[635,692,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021): width across eyes about twice the length from the anterior margin of antefrons to the posterior of the occiput; compound eyes more or less adpressed to head capsule, convex laterally but not hemispherical, their posterolateral corners extended posteriorly to varying degrees, sometimes even acutely; the distance between compound eyes at the level of the centre of the ocelli is about the width of one eye or less,
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,242,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, the head is not shortened and distinctly extended laterally with bulging, hemispherical compound eyes as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[180,299,613,639]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,396,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[326,390,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
missed that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rust, J." box="[554,695,648,675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" refId="ref13654" refString="Rust, J. (1999) Biologie der Insekten aus dem altesten Tertiar Nordeuropas. Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi fu ¨ r das Fach Zoologie. Postdoctoral thesis, Biologische Fakultat der Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Lower Saxony, 482 pp." type="book" year="1999">Rust (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had found that although the compound eyes are indistinctly preserved in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[303,420,685,710]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,420,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen 16-B3618, they are present and widely separated as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1193,1308,685,711]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“Von den grossen Komplexaugen sind nur undeutliche Reste überliefert. Sie liegen, wie für Zygopteren charakteristisch, weit voneinander getrennt an den Aussenseiten des Kopfes”, p. 19). He did not illustrate this specimen, and its whereabouts is not known to us.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,396,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
We examined several specimens that conform to Rust’s observation and, therefore, treat the genus as a zygopteran. The compound eyes are clearly preserved in 14M-A2163 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[817,886,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,181,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[151,1436,181,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. 14M-A2163: A, photograph; B, drawing; C. drawing of the hind wing (red in Fig. 6B). All to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906186/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are faintly but confidently preserved in the proposed
|
||
<typeStatus box="[264,353,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MM-10752 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[511,582,900,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-188@4.[151,1436,489,1438]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Furagrion jutlandicus proposed neotype MM-10752:A, photograph of the whole insect; B, photograph of the head; C, drawing of the head, showing bulging left compound eye. A to scale, 5 mm; B, C to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906180/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). These have the typical zygopteran shape, hemispherical, widely set and bulging outward, and the head is short. The compound eyes are not preserved in MM-10750 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1225,1335,936,962]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1772]" captionTargetBox-1="[169,1420,422,1724]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,1778]" captionTargetId-1="figure-144@11.[163,1425,417,1733]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. MM-10750: A, photograph; B, drawing, wing colours as in Fig. 8. Both to scale, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Wings of MM-10750, colour-coded forewings (FW) and hind wings (HW) to match colours in Fig. 7. All to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906188" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906190" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7906188/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7906190/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the remaining head capsule is short and wide as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[683,802,973,999]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Such a loss of eyes in fossils may happen, especially in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,269,1009,1035]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they protrude and are more fragile, apparently more easily degraded than the robust head capsule, or they might simply break away from the head in death. Such missing compound eyes can also be clearly seen in multiple specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel & Papazian" authorityName="Nel & Papazian" authorityYear="1985" box="[401,729,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Lestidae" genus="Lestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceresti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,550,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Lestes ceresti</emphasis>
|
||
Nel & Papazian
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Oligocene of Céreste,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1079,1158,1081,1107]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1188,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">cf</emphasis>
|
||
. the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1240,1338,1080,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MNHN. F.R07445 (Archibald & Cannings 2021 fig. 1B and 1C) and PNRL 2019 and PNRL 2021 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Jouault, C." box="[1160,1384,1116,1142]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="631 - 648" refId="ref12901" refString="Nel, A. & Jouault, C. (2022) The odonatan insects from the Paleocene of Menat, central France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 67, 631 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00960.2021" type="journal article" year="2022">Nel & Jouault 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 11A and 12; the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="PNRL 2020" authorityName="PNRL" authorityYear="2020" box="[419,659,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Lestidae" genus="Lestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceresti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,521,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">L. ceresti</emphasis>
|
||
PNRL
|
||
<quantity box="[603,659,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1308" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="in" value="2020.0">2020</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their fig. 11B appears too poorly preserved to confidently evaluate) and see
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Xia et al." authorityName="Xia" box="[241,608,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Lestidae" genus="Chalcolestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[241,497,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Chalcolestes tibetensis</emphasis>
|
||
Xia
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,608,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xia, G. & Zheng, D. & Krieg-Jacquier, R. & Fan, Q. & Chen, Y. & Nel, A." box="[622,793,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="511 - 518" refId="ref14241" refString="Xia, G., Zheng, D., Krieg-Jacquier, R., Fan, Q., Chen, Y. & Nel, A. (2022) The oldest-known Lestidae (Odonata) from the late Eocene of Tibet: palaeoclimatic implications. Geological Magazine, 159, 511 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756821001102" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Xia
|
||
<emphasis box="[671,728,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 3A and 4) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Zheng, D." box="[1025,1245,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref12989" refString="Nel, A. & Zheng, D. (2021) The recently proposed odonatan ' suborder' Cephalozygoptera: fact or fiction. Palaeoentomology, 004, 165 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 4.2.5" type="book chapter" year="2021">Nel & Zheng (2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fig. 2B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,396,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
Some other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[330,445,1225,1251]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess wing venation with many of the nine diagnostic character states of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1266,1433,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[419,623,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funcki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,555,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Argia funcki</emphasis>
|
||
Sélys
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Coenagrionoidea" authorityName="Coenagrionoidea" box="[636,1021,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coenagrionidae, Coenagrionoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
) only differs by character state 6, and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kennedy" authorityName="Kennedy" box="[270,573,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Austroargiolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[270,465,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Austroargiolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Kennedy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fraser" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1960" box="[588,819,1296,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Argiolestidae Fraser</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘Calopterygoidea’) by 5 and 6 (both
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1241,1309,1296,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. The wing of the Eocene Dysagrion lakesii showing the nine character states of Dysagriondae (see text) and wings of other odonates bearing many of these. Orange indicates the antesubnodal space, blue the quadrangle, and green the CuA- A space. Asterix indicates the origin of RP3-4. All scale bars 5 mm, Argia funki (Selys) and Austroargiolestes brookhousei Theischinger & O’Farrell to same scale. D. lakesii redrawn from Scudder (1890), Viridiflumineagrion aasei from Nel (2022), Austroargiolestes brookhousei from Tann (2021), Argia funki from Garrison et al. (2010), and Treintamilun vuelvenlucha redrawn from Petrulevičius (2017). Abbreviations as in Fig. 2 except: AA = anterior anal vein; CuP = posterior cubitus; * = origin of RP3-4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906184/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The wing of the Eocene
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,598,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Viridiflumineagrion aasei</emphasis>
|
||
Nel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[660,726,1332,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. The wing of the Eocene Dysagrion lakesii showing the nine character states of Dysagriondae (see text) and wings of other odonates bearing many of these. Orange indicates the antesubnodal space, blue the quadrangle, and green the CuA- A space. Asterix indicates the origin of RP3-4. All scale bars 5 mm, Argia funki (Selys) and Austroargiolestes brookhousei Theischinger & O’Farrell to same scale. D. lakesii redrawn from Scudder (1890), Viridiflumineagrion aasei from Nel (2022), Austroargiolestes brookhousei from Tann (2021), Argia funki from Garrison et al. (2010), and Treintamilun vuelvenlucha redrawn from Petrulevičius (2017). Abbreviations as in Fig. 2 except: AA = anterior anal vein; CuP = posterior cubitus; * = origin of RP3-4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906184/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs by character state 6 (assigned to “‘Megapodagrionidae’
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,265,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
”, which is highly polyphyletic, see Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,815,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et a.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014), and so we treat it as family indet.). The extinct zygopteran
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel & Escuille" authorityName="Nel & Escuille" box="[286,596,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Oligolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,412,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Oligolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Nel & Escuillé
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(family indet., see below) bears all character states but 1, 6, and 9 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rust et al." authorityName="Rust" box="[151,413,1440,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Eodysagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,294,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Eodysagrion</emphasis>
|
||
Rust
|
||
<emphasis box="[358,413,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rust, J & Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A." box="[428,606,1440,1467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="709 - 713" refId="ref13700" refString="Rust, J, Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A. (2008) The first damselflies from the lowermost Eocene of Denmark, with a description of a new subfamily (Odonata, Zygoptera, Dysagrionidae). Palaeontology, 51, 709 - 713. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00780. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rust
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,541,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[616,681,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,932,956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,905]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,909]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Miopodagrion optimum (Cockerell), Priabonian of Florissant Formation, Florissant, Colorado, United States of America. A, full fossil; B, closeup of basal portion of the wings showing difficulty in confidently discerning, e.g., character states 5–7 of the dysagrionoid grade. Scale bars are 5 mm. Photo Talia Karim (University of Colorado, Boulder)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906192/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) (provisionally in the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tillyard & Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[927,1142,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumatoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D. & Azar, D. & Cai, C. & Maksoud S. & Nel, A. & Bechly, G." box="[1150,1350,1440,1467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref12442" refString="Huang, D., Azar, D., Cai, C., Maksoud S., Nel, A. & Bechly, G. (2017) Mesomegaloprepidae, a remarkable new damselfly family (Odonata: Zygoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 73, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2017.01.003" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Huang
|
||
<emphasis box="[1231,1286,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differs only by character state 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1925" box="[452,614,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" genus="Miopodagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,614,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Miopodagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a zygopteran head, but much of its overlapping and variably preserved wings are difficult to separate and interpret with confidence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[960,1029,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,932,956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,905]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,909]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Miopodagrion optimum (Cockerell), Priabonian of Florissant Formation, Florissant, Colorado, United States of America. A, full fossil; B, closeup of basal portion of the wings showing difficulty in confidently discerning, e.g., character states 5–7 of the dysagrionoid grade. Scale bars are 5 mm. Photo Talia Karim (University of Colorado, Boulder)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906192/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). These wings can be established to possess character states 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9, but 1, 5, 6, and 7 appear uncertain or unknowable in its single fossil. We also consider it to be of unknown family.
|
||
<emphasis box="[574,718,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Treintamilun</emphasis>
|
||
Petrulevičius (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[888,1053,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Frenguelliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Frenguelliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1077,1145,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. The wing of the Eocene Dysagrion lakesii showing the nine character states of Dysagriondae (see text) and wings of other odonates bearing many of these. Orange indicates the antesubnodal space, blue the quadrangle, and green the CuA- A space. Asterix indicates the origin of RP3-4. All scale bars 5 mm, Argia funki (Selys) and Austroargiolestes brookhousei Theischinger & O’Farrell to same scale. D. lakesii redrawn from Scudder (1890), Viridiflumineagrion aasei from Nel (2022), Austroargiolestes brookhousei from Tann (2021), Argia funki from Garrison et al. (2010), and Treintamilun vuelvenlucha redrawn from Petrulevičius (2017). Abbreviations as in Fig. 2 except: AA = anterior anal vein; CuP = posterior cubitus; * = origin of RP3-4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906184/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) shares all nine character states except character state 1 (absence of crossvein O), which cannot be assessed by preservation; however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A." box="[151,453,1656,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="2909 - 2917" refId="ref13417" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A. (2003) Frenguelliidae, a new family of dragonflies from the earliest Eocene of Argentina (Insecta: Odonata): phylogenetic relationships within Odonata. Journal of Natural History, 37 (24), 2909 - 2917. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000007543" type="journal article" year="2003">Petrulevičius & Nel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report this crossvein in the other described frenguelliid genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Petrulevicius & Nel. Frenguelliids" authorityName="Petrulevicius & Nel. Frenguelliids" class="Insecta" family="Frenguelliidae" genus="Frenguellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1153,1284,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Frenguellia</emphasis>
|
||
Petrulevičius & Nel. Frenguelliids
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear a distinctive CuP, indicating that that family might not belong to either the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1290,1405,1693,1719]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,358,1728,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but could belong to an undescribed suborder (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A." box="[898,1195,1728,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="2909 - 2917" refId="ref13417" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A. (2003) Frenguelliidae, a new family of dragonflies from the earliest Eocene of Argentina (Insecta: Odonata): phylogenetic relationships within Odonata. Journal of Natural History, 37 (24), 2909 - 2917. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000007543" type="journal article" year="2003">Petrulevičius & Nel 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F." box="[1209,1425,1728,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="367 - 374" refId="ref13380" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. (2017) First Frenguelliidae (Insecta: Odonata) from the middle Eocene of Rio Pichileufu, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Entomoloxicos, 18, 367 - 374." type="journal article" year="2017">Petrulevičius 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Combinations of dysagrionid wing character states are then found widely across even distantly related odonates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,396,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
Genera belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Archibald et al. (2021)" authorityName="Archibald" authorityYear="2021" box="[479,978,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Dysagrionidae
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,713,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[839,896,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or possibly so were previously assigned to a variety of extant zygopteran families by wing venation, highlighting the generalisation of these character states. These include the “calopterygoid” families
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tillyard & Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[713,926,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumatoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1957" box="[937,1106,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudolestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudolestidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1118,1342,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megapodagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as then defined),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[258,457,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Amphipterygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Amphipterygidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and “
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[528,659,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Agrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (=
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[710,883,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calopterygidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis box="[908,949,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scudder, S. H." box="[964,1123,1908,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="519 - 543" refId="ref13767" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1878) An account of some insects of unusual interest from the Tertiary rocks of Colorado and Wyoming. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 4, 519 - 543." type="journal article" year="1878">Scudder 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campion, H." box="[1135,1305,1908,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="220 - 224" refId="ref11790" refString="Campion, H. (1913) The antenodal reticulation of the wings of agrionine Dragonflies. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 65, 220 - 224." type="journal article" year="1913">Campion 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tillyard, R. J. & Fraser, F. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="195 - 221" refId="ref14173" refString="Tillyard, R. J. & Fraser, F. C. (1939) A reclassification of the order Odonata based on some new interpretations of the dragonfly wing by R. J. Tillyard, continuation thereof by F. C. Fraser, Part II, the suborder Zygoptera (continued), Protanisoptera. Australian Zoologist, 9, 195 - 221." type="journal article" year="1939">Tillyard & Fraser 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fraser, F. C." box="[297,433,1944,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" refId="ref12033" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1957) A reclassification of the order Odonata, Based on Some New Interpretations of the Venation of the Dragonfly Wing By the late R. J. Tillyard and F. C. Fraser, Revision. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, 133 pp." type="book" year="1957">Fraser 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, F. M." box="[443,619,1944,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 655" refId="ref11823" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Superclass Hexapoda. In: Kaesler, R. L. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Vols. 3 & 4. The Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado & University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 1 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1992">Carpenter 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Paicheler, J. - C." box="[630,874,1944,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref12947" refString="Nel, A. & Paicheler, J. - C. (1994) Les Lestoidea fossiles. Un inventaire critique (Odonata, Zygoptera). Annales de Paleontologie, 90, 1 - 59. (rang B)" type="journal article" year="1994">Nel & Paicheler 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G." box="[885,1030,1944,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref11654" refString="Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flu ¨ gelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata) unter besonderer Beru ¨ chsichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der Odonata. Petalura, Boblingen, Special Volume 2, 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1996">Bechly 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rust, J." box="[1040,1157,1944,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" refId="ref13654" refString="Rust, J. (1999) Biologie der Insekten aus dem altesten Tertiar Nordeuropas. Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi fu ¨ r das Fach Zoologie. Postdoctoral thesis, Biologische Fakultat der Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Lower Saxony, 482 pp." type="book" year="1999">Rust 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Petrulevicius, J. F. & Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X." box="[1168,1347,1944,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="219 - 233" refId="ref13033" refString="Nel, A., Petrulevicius, J. F., Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X. (2005 a) Phylogenetic analysis of the Cenozoic family Sieblosiidae (Insecta: Odonata), with description of new taxa from Russia, Italy and France. Geobios, 38, 219 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2003.10.007" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1270,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Petrulevicius J. F. & Jarzembowsk, E. A." box="[1335,1347,1944,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="343 - 380" refId="ref13105" refString="Nel, A., Petrulevicius J. F. & Jarzembowsk, E. A. (2005 b) New fossil Odonata from the European Cenozoic (Insecta: Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae, Aeshnidae,? Idionychidae, Libellulidae). Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 235, 343 - 380." type="journal article" year="2005">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2005b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Arillo, A." box="[151,356,1980,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="179 - 182" refId="ref12781" refString="Nel, A. & Arillo, A. (2006) The first Baltic amber dysagrionine damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera: Thaumatoneuridae: Dysagrioninae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, International Journal of Entomology, 42, 179 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2006.10700621" type="journal article" year="2006">Nel & Arillo 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rust, J & Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A." box="[366,543,1980,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="709 - 713" refId="ref13700" refString="Rust, J, Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A. (2008) The first damselflies from the lowermost Eocene of Denmark, with a description of a new subfamily (Odonata, Zygoptera, Dysagrionidae). Palaeontology, 51, 709 - 713. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00780. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rust
|
||
<emphasis box="[423,478,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garrouste, R. & Nel, A." box="[553,803,1980,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="354 - 366" refId="ref12141" refString="Garrouste, R. & Nel, A. (2015) New Eocene damselflies and the first Cenozoic damseldragonfly of the isophlebiopteran lineage (Insecta: Odonata). Zootaxa, 4028 (3), 354 - 366." type="journal article" year="2015">Garrouste & Nel 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Simov, N. & Bozukov, V. & Marinov, M." box="[813,980,1980,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref13225" refString="Nel, A., Simov, N., Bozukov, V. & Marinov, M. (2016) New dragonflies and damselflies from Middle Miocene deposits in SW Bulgaria (Insecta: Odonata). Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.3.35 A, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 642" type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,914,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, D. & Wang, B. & Jarzembowski, E. A. & Chang, S. - C. & Nel, A." box="[990,1199,1980,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="126 - 132" refId="ref14437" refString="Zheng, D., Wang, B. Jarzembowski, E. A. Chang, S. - C. & Nel, A. (2016 a) Burmadysagrioninae, a new subfamily (Odonata: Zygoptera: Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 67, 126 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2016.07.006" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Zheng
|
||
<emphasis box="[1067,1123,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, D. & Zhang, Q. & Nel, A. & Jarzembowski, E. A. & Zhou, Z. & Chang, S. - C. & Wang, B." box="[1210,1282,1980,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="12 - 21" refId="ref14508" refString="Zheng, D., Zhang, Q., Nel, A., Jarzembowski, E. A., Zhou, Z., Chang, S. - C. & Wang, B. (2016 b) New damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae, Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Alcheringa, 41, 12 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115518.2016.1164402" type="journal article" year="2016">2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, D. & Chang, S. - C. & Nel, A. & Jarzembowski, E. A. & Zhuo, D. & Wang, B." box="[1293,1352,1980,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="44 - 48" refId="ref14352" refString="Zheng, D., Chang, S. - C., Nel, A., Jarzembowski, E. A., Zhuo, D. & Wang, B. (2017) Electrodysagrion lini gen. et sp. nov., the oldest Dysagrionini (Odonata: Zygoptera: Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 77, 44 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2017.05.008" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, D. & Azar, D. & Cai, C. & Maksoud S. & Nel, A. & Bechly, G." pageId="7" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref12442" refString="Huang, D., Azar, D., Cai, C., Maksoud S., Nel, A. & Bechly, G. (2017) Mesomegaloprepidae, a remarkable new damselfly family (Odonata: Zygoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 73, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2017.01.003" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Huang
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,207,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" startId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" targetBox="[156,1431,181,1739]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1768,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1768,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
The wing of the Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" box="[530,709,1768,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Dysagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lakesii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[530,709,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Dysagrion lakesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing the nine character states of Dysagriondae (see text) and wings of other odonates bearing many of these. Orange indicates the antesubnodal space, blue the quadrangle, and green the CuA- A space. Asterix indicates the origin of RP3-4. All scale bars 5 mm,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Selys)" baseAuthorityName="Selys" box="[875,1072,1840,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,992,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Argia funki</emphasis>
|
||
(Selys)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Theischinger & O'Farrell" authorityName="Theischinger & O'Farrell" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Austroargiolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brookhousei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1436,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Austroargiolestes brookhousei</emphasis>
|
||
Theischinger & O’Farrell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to same scale.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" box="[570,668,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Dysagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lakesii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[570,668,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">D. lakesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
redrawn from Scudder (1890),
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1254,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Viridiflumineagrion aasei</emphasis>
|
||
from Nel (2022),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger & O'Farrell" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,463,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Austroargiolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brookhousei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,463,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Austroargiolestes brookhousei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tann, J." box="[533,664,1912,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref14132" refString="Tann, J. (2021) Images of Australian Odonata Wings. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum Online, 33, 1 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 1835 - 4211.33.2021.1767" type="journal article" year="2021">Tann (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[678,796,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[678,796,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Argia funki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garrison, R. W. & von Ellenrieder, N. & Louton, J. A." box="[866,1100,1912,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" refId="ref12091" refString="Garrison, R. W., von Ellenrieder, N. & Louton, J. A. (2010) Damselfly genera of the New World: an illustrated and annotated key to the Zygoptera. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 490 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Garrison
|
||
<emphasis box="[965,1021,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1162,1437,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Treintamilun vuelvenlucha</emphasis>
|
||
redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F." box="[300,510,1948,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" pagination="367 - 374" refId="ref13380" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. (2017) First Frenguelliidae (Insecta: Odonata) from the middle Eocene of Rio Pichileufu, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Entomoloxicos, 18, 367 - 374." type="journal article" year="2017">Petrulevičius (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2 except: AA = anterior anal vein; CuP = posterior cubitus; * = origin of RP3-4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906186" box="[151,1359,1269,1294]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906186/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" startId="9.[151,250,1269,1293]" targetBox="[158,1436,181,1240]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1359,1269,1294]" box="[151,1359,1269,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1269,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
14M-A2163: A, photograph; B, drawing; C. drawing of the hind wing (red in Fig. 6B). All to scale, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1340,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
There is thus a “dysagrionoid grade” of wing venation found among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1000,1115,1340,1366]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1175,1382,1340,1366]" pageId="9" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A." box="[269,578,1376,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="2909 - 2917" refId="ref13417" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Nel, A. (2003) Frenguelliidae, a new family of dragonflies from the earliest Eocene of Argentina (Insecta: Odonata): phylogenetic relationships within Odonata. Journal of Natural History, 37 (24), 2909 - 2917. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000007543" type="journal article" year="2003">Petrulevičius & Nel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F." box="[636,866,1376,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="367 - 374" refId="ref13380" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. (2017) First Frenguelliidae (Insecta: Odonata) from the middle Eocene of Rio Pichileufu, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Entomoloxicos, 18, 367 - 374." type="journal article" year="2017">Petrulevičius (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1059,1224,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Frenguelliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Frenguelliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then even outside of these suborders. These dysagrionoid wing character states might be symplesiomorphies shared by common ancestors which date back at least to the early Jurassic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kohli, M. & Letsch, H. & Greve, C. & Bethoux, O. & Deregnaucourt, I. & Liu, S. & Zhou, X. & Donath, A. & Mayer, C. & Podsiadlowski, L. & Gunkel, S. & Machida, R. & Niehuis, O. & Rust, J. & Wappler, T. & Yu, X. & Misof, B. & Ware, J." box="[799,1002,1448,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="103324" refId="ref12513" refString="Kohli, M., Letsch, H., Greve, C., Bethoux, O., Deregnaucourt, I., Liu, S., Zhou, X., Donath, A., Mayer, C., Podsiadlowski, L., Gunkel, S., Machida, R., Niehuis, O., Rust, J., Wappler, T., Yu, X., Misof, B. & Ware, J. (2021) Evolutionary history and divergence times of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) revealed through transcriptomics. iScience, 24, 103324." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Kohli
|
||
<emphasis box="[874,933,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suvorov, A. & Scornavacca, C. & Fujimoto, M. S. & Bodily, P. & Clement, M. & Crandall, K. A. & Whiting, M. F. & Schrider, D. R. & Bybee, S. M." box="[1015,1246,1448,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="526 - 546" refId="ref14042" refString="Suvorov, A., Scornavacca, C., Fujimoto, M. S., Bodily, P., Clement, M., Crandall, K. A., Whiting, M. F., Schrider, D. R. & Bybee, S. M. (2022) Deep ancestral introgression shapes evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies. Systematic Biology, 71, 526 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 063" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Suvorov
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1179,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with their stem taxa possessing wings that might look very much like those of
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,931,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Petrulevicius & Nel" authorityName="Petrulevicius & Nel" box="[993,1393,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Frenguelliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Frenguelliidae Petrulevičius & Nel</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Zhang" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,368,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Congqingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,283,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Congqingia</emphasis>
|
||
Zhang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1340,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
The family-level phylogeny of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[640,755,1556,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
has undergone considerable development since the largely unresolved cladogram of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dijkstra, K. - D. B. & Kalkman, V. J. & Dow, R. A. & Stokvis, F. R. & van Tol, J." box="[432,662,1592,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="68 - 96" refId="ref11957" refString="Dijkstra, K. - D. B., Kalkman, V. J., Dow, R. A., Stokvis, F. R. & van Tol, J. (2014) Redefining the damselfly families: the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Systematic Entomology, 39, 68 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12035" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,582,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bybee, S. M. & Kalkman, V. J. & Erickson, R. J. & Frandsen, P. B. & Breinholt, J. W. & Suvorov, A. & Ware, J. L." box="[717,913,1592,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="107115" refId="ref11706" refString="Bybee, S. M., Kalkman, V. J., Erickson, R. J., Frandsen, P. B., Breinholt, J. W., Suvorov, A., ... & Ware, J. L. (2021). Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 160, 107115. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107115" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Bybee
|
||
<emphasis box="[794,849,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kohli, M. & Letsch, H. & Greve, C. & Bethoux, O. & Deregnaucourt, I. & Liu, S. & Zhou, X. & Donath, A. & Mayer, C. & Podsiadlowski, L. & Gunkel, S. & Machida, R. & Niehuis, O. & Rust, J. & Wappler, T. & Yu, X. & Misof, B. & Ware, J." box="[922,1110,1592,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="103324" refId="ref12513" refString="Kohli, M., Letsch, H., Greve, C., Bethoux, O., Deregnaucourt, I., Liu, S., Zhou, X., Donath, A., Mayer, C., Podsiadlowski, L., Gunkel, S., Machida, R., Niehuis, O., Rust, J., Wappler, T., Yu, X., Misof, B. & Ware, J. (2021) Evolutionary history and divergence times of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) revealed through transcriptomics. iScience, 24, 103324." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Kohli
|
||
<emphasis box="[991,1046,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suvorov, A. & Scornavacca, C. & Fujimoto, M. S. & Bodily, P. & Clement, M. & Crandall, K. A. & Whiting, M. F. & Schrider, D. R. & Bybee, S. M." box="[1165,1383,1592,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="526 - 546" refId="ref14042" refString="Suvorov, A., Scornavacca, C., Fujimoto, M. S., Bodily, P., Clement, M., Crandall, K. A., Whiting, M. F., Schrider, D. R. & Bybee, S. M. (2022) Deep ancestral introgression shapes evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies. Systematic Biology, 71, 526 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 063" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Suvorov
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1320,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Calvert" authorityName="Calvert" box="[334,540,1628,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Lestioidea">Lestioidea Calvert</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be well supported as sister group to the remaining extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1314,1433,1628,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within the latter,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kennedy" authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1920" box="[344,602,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Platystictidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platystictidae Kennedy</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister to the remaining non-lestoid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[1034,1149,1664,1690]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bybee, S. M. & Kalkman, V. J. & Erickson, R. J. & Frandsen, P. B. & Breinholt, J. W. & Suvorov, A. & Ware, J. L." box="[1163,1362,1664,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="107115" refId="ref11706" refString="Bybee, S. M., Kalkman, V. J., Erickson, R. J., Frandsen, P. B., Breinholt, J. W., Suvorov, A., ... & Ware, J. L. (2021). Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 160, 107115. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107115" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Bybee
|
||
<emphasis box="[1242,1297,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kohli, M. & Letsch, H. & Greve, C. & Bethoux, O. & Deregnaucourt, I. & Liu, S. & Zhou, X. & Donath, A. & Mayer, C. & Podsiadlowski, L. & Gunkel, S. & Machida, R. & Niehuis, O. & Rust, J. & Wappler, T. & Yu, X. & Misof, B. & Ware, J." pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="103324" refId="ref12513" refString="Kohli, M., Letsch, H., Greve, C., Bethoux, O., Deregnaucourt, I., Liu, S., Zhou, X., Donath, A., Mayer, C., Podsiadlowski, L., Gunkel, S., Machida, R., Niehuis, O., Rust, J., Wappler, T., Yu, X., Misof, B. & Ware, J. (2021) Evolutionary history and divergence times of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) revealed through transcriptomics. iScience, 24, 103324." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Kohli
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,209,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suvorov, A. & Scornavacca, C. & Fujimoto, M. S. & Bodily, P. & Clement, M. & Crandall, K. A. & Whiting, M. F. & Schrider, D. R. & Bybee, S. M." box="[289,521,1700,1726]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" pagination="526 - 546" refId="ref14042" refString="Suvorov, A., Scornavacca, C., Fujimoto, M. S., Bodily, P., Clement, M., Crandall, K. A., Whiting, M. F., Schrider, D. R. & Bybee, S. M. (2022) Deep ancestral introgression shapes evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies. Systematic Biology, 71, 526 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 063" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Suvorov
|
||
<emphasis box="[393,451,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Neither Lestoidea nor
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1920" box="[797,948,1700,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Platystictidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platystictidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
include taxa that possess the dysagrionoid wing venation (
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,362,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garrison, R. W. & von Ellenrieder, N. & Louton, J. A." box="[383,614,1736,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" refId="ref12091" refString="Garrison, R. W., von Ellenrieder, N. & Louton, J. A. (2010) Damselfly genera of the New World: an illustrated and annotated key to the Zygoptera. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 490 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Garrison
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,546,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of dysagrionoid character states in zygopteran taxa might also represent homoplastic reversals as adaptations to similar selection pressures. A thorough study of the deep-time evolution of these wing characters based on basal zygopteran-cephalozygopteran phylogeny falls well outside the scope of this paper, but should be the focus of a future study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1340,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,1018,1879,1906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,1011,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">The family and suborder designations of dysagrionoid grade taxa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scudder" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1878" box="[1206,1433,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Dysagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1206,1324,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Dysagrion</emphasis>
|
||
Scudder
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,311,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,311,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Phenacolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1927" box="[325,566,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Petrolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[325,448,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Petrolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1992" box="[577,709,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Congqingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[577,709,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Congqingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Archibald & Cannings" authorityName="Archibald & Cannings" authorityYear="2021" box="[722,1118,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Okanagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,857,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Okanagrion</emphasis>
|
||
Archibald & Cannings
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Archibald & Cannings" authorityName="Archibald & Cannings" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Okanopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1175,1320,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Okanopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
Archibald & Cannings
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are known and consistent with the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[706,869,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[928,1132,1952,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
concepts (Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[1378,1437,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021; Archibald & Cannings 2021) and so are confidently established in that family and suborder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906188" box="[151,1169,1802,1827]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906188/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="299" startId="10.[151,250,1802,1826]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1772]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1169,1802,1827]" box="[151,1169,1802,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1802,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="299">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
MM-10750: A, photograph; B, drawing, wing colours as in Fig. 8. Both to scale, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1436,1873,2043]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="10" pageNumber="299">
|
||
Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,381,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="299">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021) further mention the presence of antenodal crossvein Ax0 as a potentially important character for identifying possible
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[538,742,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossils where the head is unknown. Although the wing base where Ax0 is found is often poorly preserved or absent in fossils, the vein is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1085,1248,1945,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1907" box="[1299,1436,1945,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
where this region is well-preserved, and also found in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Archibald & Cannings" authorityName="Archibald & Cannings" authorityYear="2021" box="[808,1272,1981,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Whetwhetaksidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Whetwhetaksidae Archibald & Cannings</taxonomicName>
|
||
, strengthening the notion that they are closely related (Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[721,778,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="299">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simonsen, T. J. & Archibald, S. B. & Rasmussen, J. A. & Sylvestersen, R. L. & Olsen, K. & Ware, J. L." box="[857,1101,2017,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="299" pagination="586 - 592" refId="ref13812" refString="Simonsen, T. J., Archibald, S. B., Rasmussen, J. A., Sylvestersen, R. L., Olsen, K. & Ware, J. L. (2022) Danowhetaksa gen. Nov. With two species from the early Eocene Olst Formation from Denmark, the first Palearctic Whetwhetaksidae (Odonata: Cephalozygoptera). Zootaxa, 5099 (5), 586 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5099.5.5" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Simonsen
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,1032,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="299">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ax0 is absent or covered by sclerotization in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1854" box="[336,451,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="11" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Zygoptera">Zygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G." box="[465,611,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref11654" refString="Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flu ¨ gelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata) unter besonderer Beru ¨ chsichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der Odonata. Petalura, Boblingen, Special Volume 2, 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1996">Bechly 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rehn, A. C." box="[621,747,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="181 - 239" refId="ref13532" refString="Rehn, A. C. (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of higher-level relationships of Odonata. Systematic Entomology, 28, 181 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2003.00210. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Rehn 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), except found in two Eocene species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jacobson & Bianchi (Archibald et al. 2012)" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Euphaeidae Jacobson & Bianchi (Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[403,459,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Zheng et al. (Zheng et al. 2016 a)" box="[586,1237,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Burmadysagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,856,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Burmadysagrion zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
Zheng
|
||
<emphasis box="[941,998,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, D. & Wang, B. & Jarzembowski, E. A. & Chang, S. - C. & Nel, A." box="[1012,1229,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="126 - 132" refId="ref14437" refString="Zheng, D., Wang, B. Jarzembowski, E. A. Chang, S. - C. & Nel, A. (2016 a) Burmadysagrioninae, a new subfamily (Odonata: Zygoptera: Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 67, 126 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2016.07.006" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Zheng
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1149,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wing base is well preserved in several of the fossils studied here (
|
||
<emphasis box="[742,782,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[796,868,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,1101,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-470@2.[151,1436,1101,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. FUM-N 13856, with which Petrulevičius et al. (2008) defined Furagrion (as ERK-KL-T1): A, photograph; B, drawing. Both to scale, 5 mm. A forewing. Ax1, Ax2 = antenodal cross veins 1 and 2; arc = arculus; b = brace vein; CuA = anterior branch of the cubitus; IR1, IR2 = intercalar vein 1 and 2; MA, MP = the anterior and posterior branches of the media; nod = nodus; pt = pterostigma; Q = quadrangle; RA = radius anterior; RP1, RP2, RP3-4 = branches of the radius posterior; sn = subnodus; * = origin of RP2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906176/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[880,948,223,249]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,913,937]" captionStartId-2="20.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1408,186,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,875]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,962,1680]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@19.[178,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@20.[151,1436,181,889]" captionTargetId-2="figure-48@20.[151,1436,962,1693]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. FUM-N 11696: A, drawing of bottom wing in 17C; B, drawing to top wing in 17C; C, photograph. All to scale, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. FUM-N 14704: A, photograph; B, drawing. A forewing. Both to scale, 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. MM-2085: A, photograph; B, drawing. A forewing. Both to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906208" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906210" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906212" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7906208/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7906210/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7906212/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">16-18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[960,990,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,858,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[151,1436,858,1634]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 21. MM-11044: A, photograph; B, drawing.A fore- or hind wing. Both to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906218/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">21</figureCitation>
|
||
), and although we find sclerotization in the region (
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,320,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[335,416,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,858,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[151,1436,858,1634]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 21. MM-11044: A, photograph; B, drawing.A fore- or hind wing. Both to scale, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906218/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), we do not find evidence for the presence of Ax0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">
|
||
The family affinities of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[469,586,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Furagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,586,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Furagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,864,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Viridiflumineagrion</emphasis>
|
||
are unknown, as their dysagrionoid wing venation (poorly known in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1925" box="[350,512,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" genus="Miopodagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,512,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Miopodagrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) alone is insufficient to establish this, and other relevant characters are little known beyond aspects of their heads that establish them as zygopterans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906190/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" startId="11.[151,250,1756,1780]" targetBox="[169,1420,422,1724]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1436,1756,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1756,1781]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Wings of MM-10750, colour-coded forewings (FW) and hind wings (HW) to match colours in Fig. 7. All to scale, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1863,2034]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">
|
||
The family affinity of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1958" box="[456,684,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Oligolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[456,582,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Oligolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Schmidt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Petrulevicius, J. F. & Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X." box="[895,1084,1863,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="219 - 233" refId="ref13033" refString="Nel, A., Petrulevicius, J. F., Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X. (2005 a) Phylogenetic analysis of the Cenozoic family Sieblosiidae (Insecta: Odonata), with description of new taxa from Russia, Italy and France. Geobios, 38, 219 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2003.10.007" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,1004,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Poschmann, M. J. & Wedmann, S." box="[1097,1272,1863,1889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="3" refId="ref13165" refString="Nel, A., Poschmann, M. J. & Wedmann, S. (2020) New dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from the late Oligocene of Enspel (Rhineland-Palatinate, SW Germany). Palaeontologia Electronica, 23 (3), a 59. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 1126" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[1146,1204,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Zheng, D." pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref12989" refString="Nel, A. & Zheng, D. (2021) The recently proposed odonatan ' suborder' Cephalozygoptera: fact or fiction. Palaeoentomology, 004, 165 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 4.2.5" type="book chapter" year="2021">Nel & Zheng 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Jouault, C." box="[223,450,1899,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="631 - 648" refId="ref12901" refString="Nel, A. & Jouault, C. (2022) The odonatan insects from the Paleocene of Menat, central France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 67, 631 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00960.2021" type="journal article" year="2022">Nel & Jouault 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These authors compared it to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Handlirsch" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1907" box="[847,1118,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae Handlirsch</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but excluded that family as its diagnosis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Petrulevicius, J. F. & Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X." box="[305,486,1935,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="219 - 233" refId="ref13033" refString="Nel, A., Petrulevicius, J. F., Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X. (2005 a) Phylogenetic analysis of the Cenozoic family Sieblosiidae (Insecta: Odonata), with description of new taxa from Russia, Italy and France. Geobios, 38, 219 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2003.10.007" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,409,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 223) consists of a single character state that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1958" box="[1018,1144,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Oligolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1018,1144,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Oligolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks: “highly specialised nodus apparently traversed by ScP, as the terminal kink of CP is shifted basally together with the nodal and subnodal veinlets and the nodal membrane sclerotisation is reduced”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Petrulevicius, J. F. & Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X." box="[832,1025,2007,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" pagination="219 - 233" refId="ref13033" refString="Nel, A., Petrulevicius, J. F., Gentilini, G. & Martinez-Delclos, X. (2005 a) Phylogenetic analysis of the Cenozoic family Sieblosiidae (Insecta: Odonata), with description of new taxa from Russia, Italy and France. Geobios, 38, 219 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2003.10.007" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,937,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 223) concluded that “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1958" box="[1310,1436,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Oligolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1310,1436,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="300">Oligolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1907" box="[501,638,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu stricto, but there is no proof supporting this hypothesis because all these characters are individually present in other damselfly lineages.” We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Jouault, C." box="[1146,1387,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" pagination="631 - 648" refId="ref12901" refString="Nel, A. & Jouault, C. (2022) The odonatan insects from the Paleocene of Menat, central France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 67, 631 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00960.2021" type="journal article" year="2022">Nel & Jouault (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel et al." authorityName="Nel" box="[151,528,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Oligolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stoeffelensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,420,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Oligolestes stoeffelensis</emphasis>
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[473,528,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a zygopteran by its distinctly zygopteran head and with all of the above authors that the genus cannot be assigned to a family given current knowledge. Further, the Cephalozygopteran head is clearly seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1907" box="[371,508,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scudder" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1895" box="[572,802,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Stenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,696,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Stenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Scudder
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[815,969,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1895" box="[815,939,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Stenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenolestes</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1069,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">fischeri</emphasis>
|
||
Nel MNHNF-B.47288 and less clearly in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Theobald)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[263,592,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" genus="Stenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falloti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[263,462,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Stenolestes falloti</emphasis>
|
||
(Théobald)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[600,698,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MNHN.F.B24507, Archibald & Cannings 2021, fig. 2a, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906192/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" startId="12.[151,250,932,956]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,905]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,932,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,277,932,956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[286,656,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" genus="Miopodagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optimum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,530,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Miopodagrion optimum</emphasis>
|
||
(Cockerell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Priabonian of Florissant Formation, Florissant, Colorado, United States of America. A, full fossil; B, closeup of basal portion of the wings showing difficulty in confidently discerning,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1292,1303,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1310,1323,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">g</emphasis>
|
||
., character states 5–7 of the dysagrionoid grade. Scale bars are 5 mm. Photo Talia Karim (University of Colorado, Boulder).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1074,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
Odonates with dysagrionoid wings where the head is unknown are also then family and suborder indet., and at most might be considered
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,564,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[582,789,1110,1136]" pageId="12" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[804,971,1110,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These include
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel et al." authorityName="Nel" box="[1156,1429,1110,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Primorilestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1156,1307,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Primorilestes</emphasis>
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[1369,1429,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel & Arillo" authorityName="Nel & Arillo" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,548,1146,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Electrophenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,389,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Electrophenacolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Nel & Arillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Archibald & Cannings" authorityName="Archibald & Cannings" authorityYear="2021" box="[562,989,1146,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Stenodiafanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,721,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Stenodiafanus</emphasis>
|
||
Archibald & Cannings
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1149,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Menatagrion</emphasis>
|
||
Nel & Jouault;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Archibald & Cannings" authorityName="Archibald & Cannings" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" genus="Allenbya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1337,1437,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Allenbya</emphasis>
|
||
Archibald & Cannings
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nel et al." authorityName="Nel" box="[428,743,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" genus="Thanetophilosina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,624,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Thanetophilosina</emphasis>
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis box="[684,743,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Garrouste et al." authorityName="Garrouste" box="[760,1034,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" genus="Valerea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[760,845,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Valerea</emphasis>
|
||
Garrouste
|
||
<emphasis box="[974,1034,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the unnamed Alaskan Chickaloon specimen of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garrouste, R. & Nel, A." box="[293,562,1218,1244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" pagination="1939 - 1946" refId="ref12182" refString="Garrouste, R. & Nel, A. (2019) Alaskan Palaeogene insects: a challenge for a better knowledge of the Beringian ' route' (Odonata: Aeshnidae, Dysagrionidae). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17, 1939 - 1946. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2019.1572235" type="journal article" year="2019">Garrouste & Nel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; specimen MeI6572 of the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1244,1349,1218,1244]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[183,407,1254,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megapodagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus and species A by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrulevicius, J. F. & Wappler, T. & Wedmann, S. & Rust, J. & Nel, A." box="[689,985,1254,1280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" pagination="1173 - 1181" refId="ref13479" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F., Wappler, T., Wedmann, S., Rust, J. & Nel, A. (2008) New Megapodagrionid Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) from the Paleogene of Europe. Journal of Paleontology, 82, 1173 - 1181." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Petrulevičius
|
||
<emphasis box="[844,902,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and as
|
||
<emphasis box="[1074,1094,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1272,1254,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen and sp. A by Archibald
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,364,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021); specimen NHMUK I.9866/I.9718 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A. & Fleck, G." box="[884,1112,1290,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" pagination="283 - 306" refId="ref12841" refString="Nel, A. & Fleck, G. (2014) Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104, 283 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101400005 X" type="journal article" year="2014">Nel & Fleck (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Archibald & Cannings" authorityYear="2021" box="[1175,1374,1290,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Whetwhetaksidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Whetwhetaksidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<emphasis box="[1409,1429,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,355,1326,1352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cephalozygoptera">Cephalozygoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
with more confidence by the presence of Ax0 (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1074,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,908,1362,1389]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,900,1362,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Principle component analysis and variation within the genus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
PCA results are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1205,1288,1362,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
. The “ratios” plot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[213,318,1398,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is based on the eight calculated ratios only,
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,881,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, is based on wing shape. Twelve specimens are included. Because ratios are the only characters used in this case, the plot was based on the variance-covariance matrix. The variables are shown here as straight, green vectors spreading from the centre of the plot. Greater length of a vector (
|
||
<emphasis box="[298,331,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
., the RP2-apx/w ratio) shows more significant impact on the location of each specimen in the plot and the location of each specimen in relation the vectors show which ratios are most important in individual specimens. For example, FUM-N 14704 is in the lower right quadrant, indicating that the Arc-apx/RP2-apx and Arc-apx/w ratios are high (see also
|
||
<tableCitation box="[549,635,1614,1640]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,243,553,579]" captionTargetId="graphics-88@14.[150,2037,618,1603]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements in millimeters and ratios of these used in principle component analysis. Colours correspond to those in Fig. 10: known forewings (FW) in red and hindwings (HW) in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings are in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFACFFA0FF40E849EF624A7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFACFFA0FF40E849EF624A7A">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1074,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
The “combined” plot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[450,550,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
) includes six size related data (measured distances of wing elements) and eight wing shape related data (ratios of these). The PCA calculations were based on the correlation coefficient matrix. Twelve measured wings were included, all with a full data set (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[860,946,1722,1748]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,243,553,579]" captionTargetId="graphics-88@14.[150,2037,618,1603]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements in millimeters and ratios of these used in principle component analysis. Colours correspond to those in Fig. 10: known forewings (FW) in red and hindwings (HW) in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings are in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFACFFA0FF40E849EF624A7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFACFFA0FF40E849EF624A7A">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The variance is almost equally distributed along the two shown axes with 40 % of the variance between the points occurring along the horizontal PCA-1 axis, and 38 % along the vertical PCA-2 axis. The results show that:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1866,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">1- In the “ratios” plot almost all of the total variation (91%) is explained by the PCA-1, horizontal axis, while 6% is explained by the PC-2, vertical axis. In the plot comprising both ratios and direct measurements the values are 41% and 36% respectively.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1866,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">
|
||
2- MOA 770, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[373,421,1975,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zessin" authorityYear="2011" box="[463,590,1975,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Morsagrion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,590,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">F. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is located to the far right in both plots, supporting its separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="12" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="301">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its relatively narrower wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">
|
||
3- The more slender MOA 770 wing is probably a forewing, assuming the same forewing/hind wing differences as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[257,408,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[257,408,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">
|
||
4- MGUH 34113 is located very close to MOA
|
||
<quantity box="[700,771,223,249]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9558" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="770.0">770 in</quantity>
|
||
the “ratios” plot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[972,1075,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), but not in the “combined” plot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[206,308,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), showing that while the shapes of the two wings are very similar, their sizes are not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">
|
||
5- The far-right position of MGUH 34113 and MOA
|
||
<quantity box="[766,837,295,321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9558" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="770.0">770 in</quantity>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[844,943,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
results from higher values of the ratios arc-pt/w and nod-pt/w than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[494,646,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[494,646,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[662,747,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,244,1052,1076]" captionTargetId="graphics-456@6.[151,1435,1117,1636]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements in millimeters and ratios of these for wings not known to be fore- or hind wings. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFA4FFA8FF4FEE7CE81D4C44" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFA4FFA8FF4FEE7CE81D4C44">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">
|
||
6- The arc-apx/RP2-apx ratio (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[520,606,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,243,553,579]" captionTargetId="graphics-88@14.[150,2037,618,1603]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements in millimeters and ratios of these used in principle component analysis. Colours correspond to those in Fig. 10: known forewings (FW) in red and hindwings (HW) in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings are in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF735BC2FFACFFA0FF40E849EF624A7A" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" tableUuid="DF735BC2FFACFFA0FF40E849EF624A7A">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) is larger in MGUH 34113 and FUM-N 14704 than in the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">
|
||
7- FUM-N 11616 and FUM-N 13856 plot closer to known
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[849,1003,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[849,1003,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hindwings than forewings when only ratios are considered (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[456,561,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,672,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-245@13.[164,1423,669,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Principle component analysis of Furagrion wings. F. jutlandicus forewings in red, hindwings in blue, those unknown as fore- or hind wings in green, and the F. ansorgei wing is in purple. A, based on ratios only; B, based on both measured distances and ratios. See Table 4 for input data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906194/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are characterised by arc-apx/w and arc-apc/RP2-apx values similar to known hindwings of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[435,587,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[435,587,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">
|
||
8- Known hind wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[456,610,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Dysagrionidae" genus="Phenacolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[456,610,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">F. jutlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are placed in the upper left of the “ratios” plot and far to the left in the “combined” plot by their generally smaller values than forewings of the ratios that are divided by width,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1395,1423,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="302">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
., they are generally relatively wider than forewings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |