519 lines
76 KiB
XML
519 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="25B22BB3E32FE351F3F368BDDCF9A004">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0527DA022BE66C4F9F8" blockId="51.[151,725,1518,1581]" box="[151,725,1518,1545]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E0527DA022BE66C4F9F8" ID-CoL="3X99P" authority="Kirchenpauer, 1872" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,725,1518,1545]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DA022BE66C4F9F8" bold="true" box="[151,725,1518,1545]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DA022BE65C9F9F9" bold="true" box="[151,472,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527CE822BE66C4F9F8" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[479,725,1518,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0527DA0214364E5F9DD" blockId="51.[151,725,1518,1581]" box="[151,244,1555,1581]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D17E0527DA0214364E5F9DD" box="[151,244,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[345,1229,201,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-19@49.[345,1242,181,1617]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Aglaopheniidae. a, Aglaophenia postdentata Billard, 1913, part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5462. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Aglaophenia suensonii Jäderholm, 1896, part of a cladium with three hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5463. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Aglaophenia suensonii Jäderholm, 1896, corbula, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5463. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Aglaophenia whiteleggei Bale, 1888, part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Pearl & HermesAtoll, ROMIZ B5464. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Lytocarpia flexuosa (Lamouroux, 1816), part of a cladium with three hydrothecae, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5479. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Lytocarpia phyteuma (Stechow, 1919b), part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5468. Scale equals 0.1 mm. g, Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872, part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5470. Scale equals 0.1 mm. h, Macrorhynchia phoenicea (Busk, 1852), part of a cladium with three hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5475. Scale equals 0.1 mm. i, Macrorhynchia phoenicea (Busk, 1852), one phylactocarp, without gonothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5475. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802960/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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Fig.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0527DA0210766DBF97E" blockId="51.[151,1437,1623,1709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D17E0527DA02107668AF99F" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[151,667,1623,1647]" page="19" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1872">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E0527DA02107668AF99F" ID-CoL="3X99P" authority="Kirchenpauer, 1872: 19" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,667,1623,1647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DA0210765B2F99F" box="[151,419,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527C9C2107668AF99F" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[427,667,1623,1647]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer, 1872: 19</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D17E0527F8D21076763F99F" author="Hoover, J. P." box="[698,882,1623,1647]" page="21" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527F8D21076763F99F" author="Hoover, J. P." box="[698,882,1623,1647]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref59825" refString="Hoover, J. P. (1998) Hawai'i's sea creatures. A guide to Hawai'i's marine invertebrates. Mutual Publishing, LLC, Honolulu, 366 pp." type="book" year="1998">Hoover, 1998: 21</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, unnumbered figure; 2006: 21, unnumbered figure.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D17E0527DF0212665B0F97E" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[199,417,1654,1678]" page="72" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527DF0212665B0F97E" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[199,417,1654,1678]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Coles
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527C3021276525F97E" box="[263,308,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
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., 2004: 72
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D17E0527C8921266666F97E" author="Calder, D. R." box="[446,631,1654,1678]" page="235" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527C8921266666F97E" author="Calder, D. R." box="[446,631,1654,1678]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder, 2020: 235</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig.
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0527DA021C460D6F95C" blockId="51.[151,1437,1623,1709]" box="[151,1223,1684,1709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D17E0527DA021C460D6F95C" box="[151,1223,1684,1709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D17E0527DA021C4666EF95C" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[151,639,1684,1709]" page="45" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1872">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E0527DA021C4666EF95C" ID-CoL="5TRGL" authority="Kirchenpauer, 1872: 45" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,639,1684,1709]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DA021C46596F95C" box="[151,391,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aglaophenia philippina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527CBA21C4666EF95C" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[397,639,1684,1709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer, 1872: 45</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, text-fig. p. 17; pl. 1 fig. 26; pl. 2 fig. 26a–b; pl. 7 fig. 26.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D17E0527DA0218B66A6F891" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0527DA0218B6700F905" blockId="51.[151,1437,1754,2033]" box="[151,785,1754,1781]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D17E0527DA0218B671CF905" box="[151,781,1754,1781]" country="Philippines" location="Manila" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manila" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DA0218B6527F904" bold="true" box="[151,310,1754,1781]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type locality.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F32876310D17E0527C0B218B65AEF905" box="[316,447,1755,1781]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D17E0527CFE218B6609F905" box="[457,536,1755,1781]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Manila</collectingRegion>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527F10218B6715F905" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[551,772,1755,1781]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer 1872</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0527DF021AF66A6F891" blockId="51.[151,1437,1754,2033]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DF021AF658CF8E8" bold="true" box="[199,413,1790,1817]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Voucher material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D17E0527C9421AF65E0F8CD" collectingDate="2002-09-28" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" location="Pearl & Hermes Atoll" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="B5469" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EE0607A0D17E0527C9421AF6687F8E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D17E0557DA022BE64F1FA15:8EE0607A0D17E0527C9421AF6687F8E9" box="[419,662,1791,1817]" name="Pearl & Hermes Atoll" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pearl & Hermes Atoll</location>
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,
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||
<date id="FF8110610D17E0527F9621AF670AF8E9" box="[673,795,1791,1817]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2002-09-28">
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<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D17E0527F9621AF670AF8E9" box="[673,795,1791,1817]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2002-09-28">28.ix.2002</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD280D17E0527E1121AF675FF8E9" box="[806,846,1791,1817]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">one</specimenCount>
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fragmentary colony,
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high, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D17E0527DFA2073652CF8CD" box="[205,317,1827,1853]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A. Faucci</collectorName>
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,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D17E0527C70207365B0F8CD" box="[327,417,1827,1853]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D17E0527C90207265E0F8CD" box="[423,497,1826,1853]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B5469</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D17E0527F25207266A2F891" collectingDate="2002-09-20" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Midway Atoll" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="B5470" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE0607A0D17E0527F25207266A2F8CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D17E0557DA022BE64F1FA15:8EE0607A0D17E0527F25207266A2F8CD" box="[530,691,1826,1853]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" name="Midway Atoll" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Midway Atoll</location>
|
||
, detached,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D17E0527E18207367B8F8CD" box="[815,937,1827,1853]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2002-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D17E0527E18207367B8F8CD" box="[815,937,1827,1853]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2002-09-20">20.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD280D17E0527E83207367CFF8CD" box="[948,990,1827,1853]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">two</specimenCount>
|
||
colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D17E05279E72072610AF8CD" box="[1232,1307,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D17E0527CBE201765E8F891" box="[393,505,1863,1889]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D17E0527F332017664FF891" box="[516,606,1863,1889]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D17E0527F52201666A2F891" box="[613,691,1862,1889]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B5470</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D17E0557DF0203B64F1FA15" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D17E0557DF0203B619EFEB1" blockId="51.[151,1437,1754,2033]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,1509]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DF0203B652AF875" bold="true" box="[199,315,1899,1925]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the original description of this species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527E72203B6022F875" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[837,1075,1899,1925]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, its binomen was introduced as both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E0527DE720DF65E7F859" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[208,502,1935,1961]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527DE720DF65E7F859" box="[208,502,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E0527F1A20DF6727F859" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[557,822,1935,1961]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527F1A20DF6727F859" box="[557,822,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aglaophenia philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a full account under the latter name.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E052782120DF65BCF83D" authority="Kirchenpauer, 1872" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E052782120DF64D6F83D" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Macrorhynchia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527DF820E365BCF83D" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[207,429,1971,1997]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was proposed in that work as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E0527E9020E3611BF83D" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[935,1290,1971,1997]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E0527E9020E36027F83D" box="[935,1078,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aglaophenia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E052790920E3611BF83D" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[1086,1290,1971,1997]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref61119" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1812) Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1812">Lamouroux, 1812</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and later elevated to generic rank by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D17E0527C812087667AF801" author="Stechow, E." box="[438,619,2007,2033]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="9 - 45" refId="ref69220" refString="Stechow, E. (1920) Neue Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiete der Hydroidenforschung. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft fur Morphologie und Physiologie in Munchen, 31, 9 - 45." type="journal article" year="1920">Stechow (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Currently included as subjective synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E052794D20876100F801" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[1146,1297,2007,2033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E052794D20876100F801" box="[1146,1297,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D17E055787720876566FF41" authority="Kirchenpauer, 1872" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="urens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D17E05278772087618DF800" box="[1344,1436,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A. urens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA027C76566FF41" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[151,375,151,177]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557CB627C76709FF41" authority="Ritchie, 1907" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1907" box="[385,792,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557CB627C76668FF41" box="[385,633,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lytocarpus crosslandi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F4827C76709FF41" author="Ritchie, J." box="[639,792,151,177]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="488 - 514" refId="ref67474" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands marine fauna, made by Cyril Crossland, M. A. (Cantab.), B. Sc. (Lond.), F. Z. S., of St. Andrews University, July to September, 1904. - The Hydroids. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907, 488 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1907. tb 06944. x" type="book chapter" year="1907">Ritchie, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557E6527C760EDFF41" authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[850,1276,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="philippinus" subSpecies="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557E6527C76773FF40" box="[850,866,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557E5827C76070FF41" box="[879,1121,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">philippinus atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055795F27C760EDFF41" author="Billard, A." box="[1128,1276,151,177]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref50639" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055783D27C76186FF41" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1290,1431,151,177]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref52566" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA027EB6585FF25" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[151,404,187,213]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C2D27EB655AFF25" box="[282,331,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As for the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557F5E27EB6779FF25" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1885" box="[617,872,187,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="perforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557F5E27EB6779FF25" box="[617,872,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Aglaophenia perforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557EAA27EB6172FF25" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1885" box="[925,1379,187,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="perforata" subGenus="Macrorhynchia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557EAA27EB603DFF25" box="[925,1068,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Aglaophenia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E055790B27EB60F8FF25" box="[1084,1257,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E05579CE27EB6172FF25" box="[1273,1379,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">perforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557D8E278F65B2FF09" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[185,419,223,249]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CE0278F6688FF0A" author="Stechow, E." box="[471,665,223,250]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref69172" refString="Stechow, E. (1919 b) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 42, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow (1919b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both are nomenclaturally unavailable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557978278F60CFFF09" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1103,1246,223,249]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref52566" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E055781A278F64D8FEEC" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E055781A278F64D8FEEC" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557C372653654DFEEC" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[256,348,259,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="urens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C372653654DFEEC" box="[256,348,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. urens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being simultaneous synonyms, their relative precedence was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E05579802653612FFEED" author="Bale, W. M." box="[1207,1342,259,285]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="327 - 361" refId="ref50110" refString="Bale, W. M. (1919) Further notes on Australian hydroids - IV. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 31, 327 - 361." type="journal article" year="1919">Bale (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as First Reviser (ICZN 1999, Art. 24.2.2).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557F2D26776750FEB1" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[538,833,295,321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557F2D26776750FEB1" box="[538,833,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was chosen by him as the valid name of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DF0261B60DCFC71" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Based on traditional taxonomic investigations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557FD2261B6791FE95" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[741,896,331,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557FD2261B6791FE95" box="[741,896,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thought to have an exceptionally wide geographic distribution in shallow tropical to warm-temperate waters (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557EFB263F6075FE79" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[972,1124,366,393]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63991" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E05579A6263F6185FE79" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1169,1428,367,393]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E05579A6263F6185FE79" box="[1169,1428,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lytocarpus philippinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA026C36532FE5D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[151,291,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="7 - 28" refId="ref52273" refString="Calder, D. R. (1983) Hydroida from estuaries of South Carolina, USA: families Sertulariidae and Plumulariidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 7 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1351954" type="journal article" year="1983">Calder 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C1A26C36579FE5D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[301,360,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref52701" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C4526C36603FE5D" author="Hirohito & The Showa Emperor" box="[370,530,402,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref59764" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay Part 2. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F2A26C366A9FE5D" author="Migotto, A. E." box="[541,696,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref63649" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557FF526C36746FE5D" author="Watson, J. E." box="[706,855,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref71053" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 254535" type="journal article" year="2000">Watson 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E6826C36048FE5D" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[863,1113,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557ED626C36000FE5D" box="[993,1041,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
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. 2001
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055795326C36105FE5D" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1124,1300,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055782826C3653DFE21" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref70700" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 01918. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C0F26E76627FE21" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[312,566,439,465]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
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Di Camillo
|
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C8B26E765FCFE21" box="[444,493,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F7526E767D8FE21" author="Chakraborty, O. & Raghunathan, C." box="[578,969,439,465]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="291 - 317" refId="ref53620" refString="Chakraborty, O. & Raghunathan, C. (2020) Notes on seven aglaopheniids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands with three new records to India. Zootaxa, 4790 (2), 291 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4790.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">Chakraborty & Raghunathan 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That conclusion has now been generally supported by molecular phylogenetic studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F97268B6763FE05" author="Moura, C. J. & Cunha, M. R. & Porteiro, F. M. & Rogers, A. D." box="[672,882,475,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="454 - 470" refId="ref64390" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. & Rogers, A. D. (2012) Polyphyly and cryptic diversity in the hydrozoan families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 454 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 11045" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557FC2268B6739FE05" box="[757,808,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E49268B67A8FE05" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[894,953,475,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557EF2268B6011FE05" author="Moura, C. J. & Collins, A. G. & Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H." box="[965,1024,475,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="13001 - 13016" refId="ref64228" refString="Moura, C. J., Collins, A. G., Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H. (2019) Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker. Ecology & Evolution, 9 (23), 13001 - 13016. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.5608" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055793A268B60EBFE05" author="Postaire, B. & Magalon, H. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bruggemann, J. H." box="[1037,1274,475,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref66453" refString="Postaire, B., Magalon, H., Bourmaud, C. A. - F., Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bruggemann, J. H. (2016 b). Phylogenetic relationships within Aglaopheniidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) reveal unexpected generic diversity. Zoologica Scripta, 45, 103 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12135" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557958268B60B3FE05" box="[1135,1186,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557830268B64C5FDE9" author="Boissin, E. & Hoareau, T. B. & Postaire, B. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref51304" refString="Boissin, E., Hoareau, T. B., Postaire, B., Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. (2018) Cryptic diversity, low connectivity and suspected human-mediated dispersal among 17 widespread Indo-Pacific hydroid species of the south-western Indian Ocean. Journal of Biogeography, 2018, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13388" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Boissin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557854268B6184FE05" box="[1379,1429,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of two putative species detected under the binomen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E7D26AF6035FDE9" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[842,1060,511,537]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557EAD26AF67DAFDE9" box="[922,971,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, one extended from the southwest Indian Ocean to the tropical west Pacific, and the other was taken to be circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters. In a study of some 198 putative species of plumularioids by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E9125176098FD91" author="Moura, C. J. & Collins, A. G. & Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H." box="[934,1161,583,609]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="13001 - 13016" refId="ref64228" refString="Moura, C. J., Collins, A. G., Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H. (2019) Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker. Ecology & Evolution, 9 (23), 13001 - 13016. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.5608" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557ECD2517603CFD91" box="[1018,1069,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E05579E62517617AFD91" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[1233,1387,583,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E05579E62517617AFD91" box="[1233,1387,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557C39253B660BFD75" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[270,538,619,645]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C39253B6597FD75" box="[270,390,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C84253B660BFD75" box="[435,538,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displayed corresponding 16S haplotypes in the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific oceans on either side of the Central American Isthmus. Transport of the species across this and other biogeographic barriers has been attributed to either human-mediated dispersal or rafting, or both (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055790C25E3611BFD3D" author="Moura, C. J. & Cunha, M. R. & Porteiro, F. M. & Rogers, A. D." box="[1083,1290,691,717]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="454 - 470" refId="ref64390" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. & Rogers, A. D. (2012) Polyphyly and cryptic diversity in the hydrozoan families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 454 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 11045" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E05579B825E360D0FD3D" box="[1167,1217,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055782125E36140FD3D" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[1302,1361,691,717]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055786B25E36186FD3D" author="Moura, C. J. & Collins, A. G. & Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H." box="[1372,1431,691,717]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="13001 - 13016" refId="ref64228" refString="Moura, C. J., Collins, A. G., Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H. (2019) Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker. Ecology & Evolution, 9 (23), 13001 - 13016. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.5608" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA025876561FD01" author="Boissin, E. & Hoareau, T. B. & Postaire, B. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F." box="[151,368,727,753]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref51304" refString="Boissin, E., Hoareau, T. B., Postaire, B., Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. (2018) Cryptic diversity, low connectivity and suspected human-mediated dispersal among 17 widespread Indo-Pacific hydroid species of the south-western Indian Ocean. Journal of Biogeography, 2018, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13388" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Boissin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DC425876534FD01" box="[243,293,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557CB4258766BBFD01" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[387,682,727,753]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557CB4258766BBFD01" box="[387,682,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to liberate actively swimming medusoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E05579C925876186FD01" author="Gravier, N." box="[1278,1431,727,753]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="111 - 160" refId="ref58231" refString="Gravier, N. (1970) Etude des hydraires epiphytes des phanerogames marines de la region de Tulear (sud-ouest de Madagascar). Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Fascicule Hors Serie, Supplement, 10, 111 - 160." type="journal article" year="1970">Gravier 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA025AB6525FCE5" author="Migotto, A. E." box="[151,308,763,789]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref63649" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C7725AB65C7FCE5" author="Watson, J. E." box="[320,470,763,789]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref71053" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 254535" type="journal article" year="2000">Watson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CD525AB677EFCE5" author="Bourmaud, C. & Gravier-Bonnet, N." box="[482,879,763,789]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="365 - 372" refId="ref51818" refString="Bourmaud, C. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. (2004) Medusoid release and spawning of Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Aglaopheniidae). Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 365 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 004 - 2665 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">Bourmaud & Gravier-Bonnet 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Galea 2018). However, in being very short-lived (ca. 2 hours) and negatively buoyant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F74244F66CCFCC9" author="Gravier, N." box="[579,733,799,825]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="111 - 160" refId="ref58231" refString="Gravier, N. (1970) Etude des hydraires epiphytes des phanerogames marines de la region de Tulear (sud-ouest de Madagascar). Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Fascicule Hors Serie, Supplement, 10, 111 - 160." type="journal article" year="1970">Gravier 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557FDD244F604DFCC9" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." box="[746,1116,799,825]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref58603" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N., & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Suplemento 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), their capacity for dispersal appears decidedly limited. An account of the colonization and expansion of this invasive species on Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands, in the eastern North Atlantic, has been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557EDF243760D8FC71" author="Espino, F. & Otero-Ferrer, F. J. & Bosch, N. E. & Coca, J. & Haroun, R. & Tuya, F." box="[1000,1225,871,897]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref56267" refString="Espino, F., Otero-Ferrer, F. J. Bosch, N. E., Coca, J., Haroun, R. & Tuya, F. (2020) Widespread demographic explosion of a nonindigenous hydrozoan on an oceanic island. Scientia Marina, 84, 111 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 04949.09 A" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Espino
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E055790B2437607CFC71" box="[1084,1133,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DF024DB674FFBA9" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557DF024DB6639FC55" authority="Nutting, 1905" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1905" box="[199,552,906,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DF024DB6595FC55" box="[199,388,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lytocarpus balei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CBC24DB6639FC55" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[395,552,906,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from waters off Molokai,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D10E0557E6424DB67B6FC55" box="[851,935,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, at first thought by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E05579B424DB6132FC55" author="Billard, A." box="[1155,1315,907,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="335 - 396" refId="ref50451" refString="Billard, A. (1907) Hydroides de Madagascar et du sud-est de l' Afrique. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 4 e Serie, 7, 335 - 396." type="journal article" year="1907">Billard (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557C1924FF65D7FC39" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[302,454,943,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C1924FF65D7FC39" box="[302,454,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is now considered a valid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E6124FF67EBFC39" author="Stechow, E." box="[854,1018,943,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="192 - 200" refId="ref68930" refString="Stechow, E. (1907) Neue japanische Athecata und Plumularidae aus der Sammlung Dr. Doflein. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 192 - 200." type="journal article" year="1907">Stechow 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055793224FF6051FC39" author="Stechow, E." box="[1029,1088,943,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref68958" refString="Stechow, E. (1909) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Doflein. Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. I. Teil: Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement-Band 1 (6), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055797C24FF60CAFC39" author="Billard, A." box="[1099,1243,943,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref50639" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E05579D124FF6189FC39" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1254,1432,943,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA0248264C3FC1D" author="Schuchert, P." box="[151,210,978,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref68460" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 325 - 370." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DE924836539FC1D" author="Schuchert, P." box="[222,296,979,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref68677" refString="Schuchert, P. (2021 d) World Hydrozoa Database. Lytocarpus balei Nutting, 1906. Available from: http: // marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 212910 (accessed 12 June 2021)" type="url" year="2021">2021d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C04248365D2FC1D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[307,451,979,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Currently assigned the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557E7224836020FC1D" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[837,1073,979,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557E7224836020FC1D" box="[837,1073,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia balei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E05579D12483616EFC1D" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[1254,1407,979,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E05579D12483616EFC1D" box="[1254,1407,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having nematopores on cladial internodes below the hydrothecae, and on primary and auxiliary tubes of the hydrocauli. Other differences distinguishing the two species have been noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557933234B60D8FBC5" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1028,1225,1051,1077]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA8236F657AFBA9" author="Moura, C. J. & Collins, A. G. & Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H." box="[159,363,1087,1113]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="13001 - 13016" refId="ref64228" refString="Moura, C. J., Collins, A. G., Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H. (2019) Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker. Ecology & Evolution, 9 (23), 13001 - 13016. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.5608" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DC5236F6532FBA9" box="[242,291,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) further support recognition of both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DF02333663DFAC1" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557DF0233365E1FB8D" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[199,496,1123,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DF0233365E1FB8D" box="[199,496,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a typically large, branched species. Although colonies are usually smaller than
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557DA023D664CCFB51" box="[151,221,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, they may attain heights of as much as two feet (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557E7E23D76783FB51" box="[841,914,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="61.0">61 cm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E9E23D7603EFB51" author="Pictet, C." box="[937,1071,1159,1185]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref66210" refString="Pictet, C. (1893) Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais. Etude sur les hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie et Annales du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 1, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3743" type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E055783423D7618DFB51" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[1283,1436,1159,1185]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E055783423D7618DFB51" box="[1283,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field is facilitated by its colony morphology, its dark stems and branches, and especially its salient white to translucent cladia. Hydroids of the species have long been known to be venomous to humans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055798C239F6189FB19" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[1211,1432,1231,1257]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557D8323A36597FAFC" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[180,390,1267,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="urens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557D8323A36597FAFC" box="[180,390,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Aglaophenia urens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CA423A3663FFAFD" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[403,558,1267,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="7 - 20" refId="ref58167" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1927) Coelenterata. Class Hydrozoa. Orders Gymnoblastea and Calyptoblastea. In: Gravely, F. H. (Ed.), The littoral fauna of Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Manaar. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, New Series, Natural History Section, 1, 7 - 20." type="journal article" year="1927">Gravely 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557F6223A36747FAFD" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[597,854,1267,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557F6223A36747FAFD" box="[597,854,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lytocarpus philippinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E5423A36017FAFD" author="Halstead, B. W." box="[867,1030,1267,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref59126" refString="Halstead, B. W. (1988) Poisonous and venomous marine animals of the world. 2 nd revised edition. Darwin Press, Princeton, 1168 pp." type="book" year="1988">Halstead 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E055791B23A360D7FAFD" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1068,1222,1267,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E055791B23A360D7FAFD" box="[1068,1222,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. philippinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E05579E323A36189FAFD" author="Rifkin, J. F. & Fenner, P. J. & Williamson, J. A. H." box="[1236,1432,1267,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="252 - 260" refId="ref67399" refString="Rifkin, J. F., Fenner, P. J. & Williamson, J. A. H. (1993) First aid treatment of the sting from the hydroid Lytocarpus philippinus: the structure of, and in vitro discharge experiments with its nematocysts. Journal of Wilderness Medicine, 4, 252 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.1580 / 0953 - 9859 - 4.3.252" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Rifkin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E055781623A36140FAFD" box="[1313,1361,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557D8122476540FAC1" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[182,337,1303,1329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557D8122476540FAC1" box="[182,337,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. philippinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C5722476631FAC1" author="Santhanam, R." box="[352,544,1303,1329]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="29 - 73" refId="ref67911" refString="Santhanam, R. (2020) Biology and ecology of the venomous marine hydrozoans (class Hydrozoa). In: Biology and ecology of venomous marine cnidarians. Springer Nature, Singapore, pp. 29 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 981 - 15 - 1603 - 0 _ 3" type="book chapter" year="2020">Santhanam 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DF0226B6707FA89" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DF0226B65CBFAA4" bold="true" box="[199,474,1338,1365]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Palea Point,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557EFA226B6015FAA5" box="[973,1028,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="ft" value="30.0">30 ft</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557920226B6057FAA5" box="[1047,1094,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557957226B60EBFAA5" author="Hoover, J. P." box="[1120,1274,1339,1365]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref59825" refString="Hoover, J. P. (1998) Hawai'i's sea creatures. A guide to Hawai'i's marine invertebrates. Mutual Publishing, LLC, Honolulu, 366 pp." type="book" year="1998">Hoover 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055783F226B6155FAA5" author="Hoover, J. P." box="[1288,1348,1339,1365]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref59855" refString="Hoover, J. P. (2006) Hawai'i's sea creatures. A guide to Hawai'i's marine invertebrates. Revised edition. Mutual Publishing, LLC, Honolulu, 366 pp." type="book" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557865226B64C3FA8A" author="Calder, D. R." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Molokai: Hale O Lono Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F71220F671BFA89" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[582,778,1375,1401]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557FB9220F66D1FA89" box="[654,704,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DF022D364F1FA15" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Elsewhere. Circumglobal in shallow tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate seas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055794A22D3611DFA6D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1149,1292,1411,1437]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref52566" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E055782022D36143FA6D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1303,1362,1411,1437]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref52701" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2019;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557DA022F7658DFA31" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[151,412,1447,1473]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557C2822F76543FA31" box="[287,338,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C9D22F7664FFA31" author="Schuchert, P." box="[426,606,1447,1473]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557F5C22F76733FA31" author="Xu, Z. - Z. & Huang, J. - Q. & Lin, M. & Guo, D. - H. & Wang, C. - G." box="[619,802,1447,1473]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="459 - 945" refId="ref71597" refString="Xu, Z. - Z., Huang, J. - Q., Lin, M., Guo, D. - H. & Wang, C. - G. (2014 b) The superclass Hydrozoa of the phylum Cnidaria in China. Vol. II. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 459 - 945. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2014">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557FA122F766D8FA31" box="[662,713,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E1822F76011FA31" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[815,1024,1447,1473]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557EB422F767A4FA31" box="[899,949,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
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;
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |