429 lines
57 KiB
XML
429 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="A34F20B21AF80A4F7A9B9B606EB3F112" ID-CLB-Dataset="288831" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90f1f9ec-1bd9-4996-a544-48d41a9e0240" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802920" ID-ZooBank="12FC3342-F2A0-4EE1-9853-9C5855076A10" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1640331575322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R. & Faucci, Anuschka" docDate="2021" docId="039687B70D08E04D7DA0278F6046F9EE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5085.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5085 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.18:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="18" docTitle="Halopteris alternata" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFAFFFCF0D24E0617D3727506411FFF0" masterDocTitle="Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1708478117663" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="40B90FE91D937C873AD9B64FD1D58BB7">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="02C27EEE61D4936C8C7AAE271E7C2442">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05FBB59DEFEE26EC84979BCF0F777287">Faucci, Anuschka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="13C64191522BF0B56E1099B038EA955A" type="email">anuschka@hawaii.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="77024DAFC348B6D4C1F0FBD16DD437D1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="544480394B0587B4399E6DCDD2E106C6">
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<mods:date id="200C00EE91F8140496FCD07C3953C9E4">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E150CCD2804ECE6F4850F329D970C92">2021-12-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EC0CFBE96B8C43D38C1FB9F405CCAC97">5085</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="68993924714D49D5668A5AECA0F220FE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039687B70D08E04D7DA0278F6046F9EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D08E04D7DA0278F6046F9EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B70D08E04D7DA0278F6046F9EE" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D08E04D7DA0278F665EFF09" box="[151,591,223,250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DA0278F665EFF09" blockId="44.[151,591,223,285]" box="[151,591,223,250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0C881CD0D08E04D7DA0278F665EFF09" bold="true" box="[151,591,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DA0278F665EFF09" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,591,223,250]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA0278F665EFF09" bold="true" box="[151,591,223,250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA0278F659AFF0A" bold="true" box="[151,395,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris alternata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CAD278F6656FF09" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[410,583,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D08E04D7DA02653651BFEED" box="[151,266,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DA02653651BFEED" blockId="44.[151,591,223,285]" box="[151,266,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D08E04D7DA02653651BFEED" box="[151,266,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1640,1664]" captionTargetBox="[229,1354,191,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-19@43.[217,1371,181,1617]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 13. Kirchenpaueriidae and Halopterididae. a, Pycnotheca producta (Bale, 1881), part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5481. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791), part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5454. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791), part of a colony to show branching, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5455. Scale equals 0.5 mm. d, Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791), part of hydrocaulus, and base of a hydrocladium with a hydrotheca, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5455. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Halopteris alternata (Nutting, 1900), part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5458. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Halopteris alternata (Nutting, 1900), part of hydrocaulus, with a cauline hydrotheca and proximal end of a hydrocladium, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5458. Scale equals 0.1 mm g, Halopteris longibrachia, nom. nov., part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5459. Scale equals 0.1 mm. h, Halopteris longibrachia, nom. nov., female gonotheca, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5461. Scale equals 0.1 mm. i, Halopteris longibrachia, nom. nov., part of hydrocaulus with a male gonotheca, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5459. Scale equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802956/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 13e, f</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D08E04D7DA026176150FE6D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DA0261766D0FE90" blockId="44.[151,1402,327,413]" box="[151,705,327,352]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D08E04D7DA0261766D0FE90" box="[151,705,327,352]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D08E04D7DA02617663BFEAF" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,554,327,352]" page="62" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DA02617663BFEAF" authority="Nutting, 1900: 62" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,554,327,352]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA02617657FFEAF" box="[151,366,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7C432617663BFEAF" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[372,554,327,352]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900: 62</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4 figs 1, 2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DA026366150FE6D" blockId="44.[151,1402,327,413]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D08E04D7DA026366150FE6D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DA02636657BFE8E" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,362,358,382]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA02636657BFE8E" box="[151,362,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris diaphana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D08E04D7CBF26366625FE8E" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[392,564,358,382]" page="99" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CBF26366625FE8E" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[392,564,358,382]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref54661" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In: Devaney, D. M. & Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication, 64 (1), 71 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke, 1977: 99</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 26.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D08E04D7FA9263667DCFE8E" author="Carlton, J. T. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[670,973,358,382]" page="36" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7FA9263667DCFE8E" author="Carlton, J. T. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[670,973,358,382]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53380" refString="Carlton, J. T. & Eldredge, L. G. (2009) Marine bioinvasions of Hawai'i. The introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine animals and plants of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies, 4, 1 - 202." type="journal article" year="2009">Carlton & Eldredge, 2009: 36</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[not
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D793426366161FE8E" authority="(Heller, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1027,1392,358,382]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7934263660C7FE8E" box="[1027,1238,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris diaphana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D79D426366176FE8E" author="Heller, C." box="[1251,1383,358,382]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref59433" refString="Heller, C. (1868) Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 18, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11393" type="journal article" year="1868">Heller, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DA026D56579FE6D" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,360,389,413]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphena">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA026D56579FE6D" box="[151,360,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris diaphena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D08E04D7CB026D56671FE6D" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[391,608,389,413]" page="73" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CB026D56671FE6D" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[391,608,389,413]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Coles
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7CFF26D665E5FE6D" box="[456,500,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
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., 2004: 73
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[incorrect subsequent spelling; not
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7EFC26D56126FE6D" authority="(Heller, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[971,1335,389,413]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7EFC26D5608FFE6D" box="[971,1182,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris diaphana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D799C26D5613EFE6D" author="Heller, C." box="[1195,1327,389,413]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref59433" refString="Heller, C. (1868) Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 18, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11393" type="journal article" year="1868">Heller, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D08E04D7DA0269B6737FDDE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DA0269B607AFE16" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" box="[151,1131,459,486]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D08E04D7DA0269B6077FE16" box="[151,1126,459,486]" country="Bahamas" location="Barracuda Rocks" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA0269B6527FE15" bold="true" box="[151,310,459,485]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="548488030D08E04D7DA0269B64C3FE15" box="[151,210,459,485]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F32876310D08E04D7C0B269B65B6FE15" box="[316,423,459,485]" name="Bahamas" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location id="8EE0607A0D08E04D7C85269B6663FE15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D08E04D7DA0278F6046F9EE:8EE0607A0D08E04D7C85269B6663FE15" box="[434,626,459,485]" country="Bahamas" name="Barracuda Rocks" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Barracuda Rocks</location>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7FB7269B6752FE15" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[640,835,459,485]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting 1900: 62</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E59269B604AFE15" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[878,1115,459,485]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E59269B604AFE15" box="[878,1115,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF026BF6737FDDE" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DF026BF65B1FDF9" bold="true" box="[199,416,495,521]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Voucher material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D08E04D7C9E26A06733FDDE" collectingDate="2002-09-18" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" location="Laysan Island" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="B5458" specimenCount="1">
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|
<location id="8EE0607A0D08E04D7C9E26A0665BFDF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D08E04D7DA0278F6046F9EE:8EE0607A0D08E04D7C9E26A0665BFDF9" box="[425,586,495,522]" name="Laysan Island" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Laysan Island</location>
|
|
, on hydroid stem,
|
|
<date id="FF8110610D08E04D7E1426BF678CFDF9" box="[803,925,495,521]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2002-09-18">
|
|
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D08E04D7E1426BF678CFDF9" box="[803,925,495,521]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2002-09-18">18.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
|
</date>
|
|
, two colonies or colony fragments, to
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B440D08E04D786E26BF618CFDFA" box="[1369,1437,495,522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
|
high, without gonothecae, coll.
|
|
<collectorName id="26CA53770D08E04D7CC025436679FDDD" box="[503,616,531,557]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D08E04D7F45254366DDFDDD" box="[626,716,531,557]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D08E04D7FE325436733FDDE" box="[724,802,531,558]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B5458</specimenCode>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D08E04D7DF025676046F9EE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF0256760E2FCF5" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DF02567652AFDA1" bold="true" box="[199,315,567,593]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Hydroids examined here were referable to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E232567603BFDA1" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[788,1066,567,593]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E232567679DFDA1" box="[788,908,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7EB82567603BFDA1" author="Allman, G. J." box="[911,1066,567,593]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and to the “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D79872568612BFDA1" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1200,1338,567,593]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D79872568612BFDA1" box="[1200,1338,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
” species group recognized within that genus by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F66250B6707FD85" author="Schuchert, P." box="[593,790,603,629]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref68162" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Included in the group by him were
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7985250C64CAFD6A" authority="(Heller, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7985250C612EFD85" box="[1202,1343,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7878250B64C3FD6A" author="Heller, C." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref59433" refString="Heller, C. (1868) Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 18, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11393" type="journal article" year="1868">Heller, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DD225D06619FD6A" authority="(Verrill, 1873 b)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[229,520,639,666]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertularellidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DD225D06543FD69" box="[229,338,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. tenella</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7C57252F6611FD6A" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[352,512,639,666]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="295 - 747" refId="ref70316" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1873 b) Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1871 - 1872, 295 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57652" type="journal article" year="1873">Verrill, 1873b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7F2525D0675EFD69" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[530,847,639,665]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F2525D0668BFD69" box="[530,666,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F9F252F6759FD69" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[680,840,639,665]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E6D25D06084FD6A" authority="(Vannucci, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Vannucci" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[858,1173,639,666]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="billardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E6D25D067DFFD69" box="[858,974,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. billardi</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7EEC252F609CFD6A" author="Vannucci, M." box="[987,1165,639,666]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 100" refId="ref70038" refString="Vannucci, M. (1951) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. I. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, 2, 67 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100003" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D79F825D0655EFD4D" authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D79F825D0618CFD69" box="[1231,1437,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7DA025F3655EFD4D" author="Schuchert, P." box="[151,335,675,701]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref68162" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7C6E25F366F7FD4D" authority="Calder et al. 2003" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2003" box="[345,742,675,702]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="violae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7C6E25F3660BFD4D" box="[345,538,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris violae</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F1625F366F7FD4D" author="Calder, D. R. & Mallinson, J. J. & Collins, K. & Hickman, C. P." box="[545,742,675,702]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1173 - 1218" refId="ref53269" refString="Calder, D. R., Mallinson, J. J., Collins, K. & Hickman, C. P. (2003) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galapagos, with a list of species reported from the islands. Journal of Natural History, 37, 1173 - 1218. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110116039" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|
Calder
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F4625F466B0FD4D" box="[625,673,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has subsequently been assigned to the same group. Within that assemblage, specimens examined here from Laysan Island are closest to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7EF62598605BFD11" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[961,1098,711,737]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7EF62598605BFD11" box="[961,1098,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Characters distinguishing the species from others in the cluster have been reviewed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7E2F25BB67C8FCF5" author="Schuchert, P." box="[792,985,747,773]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref68162" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D792725BB60FFFCF5" author="Calder, D. R. & Carlton, J. T. & Larson, K. & Mallinson, J. J. & Choong, H. H. C. & Keith, I. & Ruiz, G. M." box="[1040,1262,747,774]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref53074" refString="Calder, D. R., Carlton, J. T., Larson, K., Mallinson, J. J., Choong, H. H. C., Keith, I. & Ruiz, G. M. (2019) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquatic Invasions, 14, 21 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Calder
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D795525BC6082FCF5" box="[1122,1171,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2019)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF0244060B8FB61" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
|
For much of the 20
|
|
<superScript id="7C4A9BE90D08E04D7C96245F65BFFCED" attach="left" box="[417,430,783,797]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">th</superScript>
|
|
century,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7F20244066B0FCD9" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[535,673,783,809]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F20244066B0FCD9" box="[535,673,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was included in the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D791F244060A4FCD9" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1064,1205,783,809]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D791F244060A4FCD9" box="[1064,1205,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Confusion over the status of two species was addressed and resolved by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7FDA246367A2FCBD" author="Schuchert, P." box="[749,947,819,845]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref68162" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. He resurrected
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D795B246460E7FCBD" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1132,1270,819,845]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D795B246460E7FCBD" box="[1132,1270,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as valid based on its distinctive trophosomal and gonosomal characters. DNA barcoding has confirmed that the two are distinct species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7DC2242B65D1FC65" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[245,448,891,918]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Moura
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7C7F242C6569FC65" box="[328,376,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CFC242B669DFC65" author="Galea, H. R. & Di Camillo, C. G. & Maggioni, D. & Montano, S. & Schuchert, P." box="[459,652,891,918]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="21 - 59" refId="ref57177" refString="Galea, H. R., Di Camillo, C. G., Maggioni, D., Montano, S. & Schuchert, P. (2018) A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 125, 21 - 59." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Galea
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F25242C6653FC65" box="[530,578,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7F8D242C6752FC65" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[698,835,891,917]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F8D242C6752FC65" box="[698,835,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an axillar nematotheca is usually present behind each cauline hydrotheca, one nematotheca rather than two or three is present on the athecate hydrocladial internodes, and female gonothecae are fusiform and mostly straight rather than cornucopia-shaped. Additional characters distinguishing the two were noted by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CCE24B76716FBF1" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[505,775,999,1025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|
Ansín Agís
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F4B24B866A2FBF1" box="[636,691,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2001)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E1824B867A6FBF1" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[815,951,999,1025]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E1824B867A6FBF1" box="[815,951,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, colonies were often found to be geniculate rather than straight, especially in younger parts. Also, they found segmentation of the hydrocaulus to be homomerous in basal parts but heteromerous in younger and apical parts, rather than being completely heteromerous as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DA023046535FB9D" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,292,1107,1133]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA023046535FB9D" box="[151,292,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7C05230366BAFB9D" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[306,683,1107,1133]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7C0523036608FB9D" box="[306,537,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F17230366BAFB9D" author="Galea, H. R." box="[544,683,1107,1133]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref56815" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, another similar species, differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7963230460CFFB9D" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1108,1246,1107,1133]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7963230460CFFB9D" box="[1108,1246,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having paired rather than single cauline axillar nematothecae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F8723276724FB61" author="Galea, H. R." box="[688,821,1143,1169]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref56815" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7E7723276013FB61" author="Galea, H. R. & Di Camillo, C. G. & Maggioni, D. & Montano, S. & Schuchert, P." box="[832,1026,1143,1169]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="21 - 59" refId="ref57177" refString="Galea, H. R., Di Camillo, C. G., Maggioni, D., Montano, S. & Schuchert, P. (2018) A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 125, 21 - 59." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Galea
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7EBF232867D0FB61" box="[904,961,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D79392327608CFB61" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1038,1181,1143,1169]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF023CB6141FAD2" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DF023CB65BEFB45" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[199,431,1179,1205]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DF023CB65BEFB45" box="[199,431,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed in warm parts of the western North Atlantic (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D798523CB6189FB45" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. & Miranda, T. P. & Araujo, E. M. & Ayon, P. & Cedeno-Posso, C. M. & Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. & Cordova, P. & Cunha, A. F. & Genzano, G. N. & Haddad, M. A. & Mianzan, H. W. & Migotto, A. E. & Miranda, L. S. & Morandini, A. C. & Nagata, R. M. & Nascimento, K. B. & Nogueira Jr., M. & Palma, S. & Quinones, J. & Rodriguez, C. S. & Scarabino, F. & Schiariti, A. & Stampar, S. N. & Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C." box="[1202,1432,1179,1206]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref65209" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Oliveira
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D782E23CC615DFB45" box="[1305,1356,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Calder 2019), and it has been reported as well from the eastern Atlantic (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7EE923EF60F6FB29" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[990,1255,1215,1241]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|
Ansín Agís
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D795F239060B3FB29" box="[1128,1186,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2001
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the Pacific, records of the species exist from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D08E04D7F3323B36670FB0D" box="[516,609,1251,1277]" name="Ecuador" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F5823B3672BFB0D" author="Calder, D. R. & Carlton, J. T. & Larson, K. & Mallinson, J. J. & Choong, H. H. C. & Keith, I. & Ruiz, G. M." box="[623,826,1251,1278]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref53074" refString="Calder, D. R., Carlton, J. T., Larson, K., Mallinson, J. J., Choong, H. H. C., Keith, I. & Ruiz, G. M. (2019) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquatic Invasions, 14, 21 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Calder
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7FF523B466E3FB0D" box="[706,754,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2019
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7E7323B36791FB0D" author="Calder, D. R. & Carlton, J. T. & Keith, I. & Larson, K. & McCann, L. & Geller, J. & Wheelock, M. & Choong, H. H. C. & Ruiz, G. M." box="[836,896,1251,1277]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="208 - 252" refId="ref52972" refString="Calder, D. R., Carlton, J. T., Keith, I., Larson, K., McCann, L., Geller, J., Wheelock, M., Choong, H. H. C. & Ruiz, G. M. (2021) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of marine fouling communities on the mainland of Ecuador and in the Galapagos Islands. Aquatic Invasions, 16, 208 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2021.16.2.02" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and hydroids from Hawaii that have been identified earlier as the mostly European
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7F02225866D0FAD1" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[565,705,1287,1313]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F02225866D0FAD1" box="[565,705,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are taken here to have been based instead on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D79F72258615BFAD1" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1216,1354,1287,1313]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D79F72258615BFAD1" box="[1216,1354,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF0227B612BFAB5" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" box="[199,1338,1323,1350]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
|
Obvious cryptic diversity has been identified within the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E0A227C67D7FAB5" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[829,966,1323,1349]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E0A227C67D7FAB5" box="[829,966,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7960227C6127FAB5" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[1111,1334,1323,1350]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Moura
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D799E227C60CBFAB5" box="[1193,1242,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF0221F6549FA42" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DF0221F65C6FA99" bold="true" box="[199,471,1359,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Kaneohe Bay (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7EE5221F604FFA99" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[978,1118,1359,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref54661" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In: Devaney, D. M. & Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication, 64 (1), 71 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D79B0221F6161FA99" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1159,1392,1359,1385]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D79B0221F6161FA99" box="[1159,1392,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).— Maui: Kahului Harbor, Pier 1 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CC6222366A5FA7D" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[497,692,1395,1422]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Coles
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F0E2224667AFA7D" box="[569,619,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7FE922246779FA7D" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[734,872,1395,1421]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7FE922246779FA7D" box="[734,872,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sic); Kahului Harbor, Pier 2 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D79812223616BFA7D" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[1206,1402,1395,1422]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Coles
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D79C822246120FA7D" box="[1279,1329,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7DA022C86530FA41" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,289,1431,1457]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphena">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7DA022C86530FA41" box="[151,289,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. diaphena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sic).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D08E04D7DF022EB6046F9EE" blockId="44.[151,1437,459,1566]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
|
Elsewhere. Western Atlantic (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F2622EB66FFFA25" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. & Miranda, T. P. & Araujo, E. M. & Ayon, P. & Cedeno-Posso, C. M. & Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. & Cordova, P. & Cunha, A. F. & Genzano, G. N. & Haddad, M. A. & Mianzan, H. W. & Migotto, A. E. & Miranda, L. S. & Morandini, A. C. & Nagata, R. M. & Nascimento, K. B. & Nogueira Jr., M. & Palma, S. & Quinones, J. & Rodriguez, C. S. & Scarabino, F. & Schiariti, A. & Stampar, S. N. & Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C." box="[529,750,1467,1494]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref65209" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Oliveira
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7F4222EC66B4FA25" box="[629,677,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Calder 2019); eastern Atlantic (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D796222EB6145FA25" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[1109,1364,1467,1493]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|
Ansín Agís
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D79ED22EC6103FA25" box="[1242,1298,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2001
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); eastern Pacific (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7C2A228F65F9FA09" author="Calder, D. R. & Carlton, J. T. & Larson, K. & Mallinson, J. J. & Choong, H. H. C. & Keith, I. & Ruiz, G. M." box="[285,488,1503,1530]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref53074" refString="Calder, D. R., Carlton, J. T., Larson, K., Mallinson, J. J., Choong, H. H. C., Keith, I. & Ruiz, G. M. (2019) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquatic Invasions, 14, 21 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Calder
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7C4722B065B1FA09" box="[368,416,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2019
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7CC5228F663FFA09" author="Calder, D. R. & Carlton, J. T. & Keith, I. & Larson, K. & McCann, L. & Geller, J. & Wheelock, M. & Choong, H. H. C. & Ruiz, G. M." box="[498,558,1503,1529]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="208 - 252" refId="ref52972" refString="Calder, D. R., Carlton, J. T., Keith, I., Larson, K., McCann, L., Geller, J., Wheelock, M., Choong, H. H. C. & Ruiz, G. M. (2021) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of marine fouling communities on the mainland of Ecuador and in the Galapagos Islands. Aquatic Invasions, 16, 208 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2021.16.2.02" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); central Pacific (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7FC7228F676DFA09" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[752,892,1503,1529]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref54661" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In: Devaney, D. M. & Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication, 64 (1), 71 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E93228F609DFA09" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[932,1164,1503,1529]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E93228F609DFA09" box="[932,1164,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halopteris diaphana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); possibly Indian Ocean (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7DA821536535F9ED" author="Jarvis, F. E." box="[159,292,1539,1565]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref60300" refString="Jarvis, F. E. (1922) The hydroids from the Chagos, Seychelles and other islands and from the coasts of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 18, 331 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00553. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Jarvis 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7C7A2153662AF9ED" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[333,571,1539,1565]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7C7A2153662AF9ED" box="[333,571,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D08E04D7F7E215366F4F9ED" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[585,741,1539,1565]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="7 - 20" refId="ref58167" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1927) Coelenterata. Class Hydrozoa. Orders Gymnoblastea and Calyptoblastea. In: Gravely, F. H. (Ed.), The littoral fauna of Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Manaar. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, New Series, Natural History Section, 1, 7 - 20." type="journal article" year="1927">Gravely 1927</bibRefCitation>
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, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7E38215367A4F9EE" box="[783,949,1539,1566]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7E382153679EF9ED" box="[783,911,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plumularia</emphasis>
|
|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
nr.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D08E04D7ED721536056F9ED" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[992,1095,1539,1565]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D08E04D7ED721536056F9ED" box="[992,1095,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |