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<mods:title id="381AAFD9F367791AFA92D52E02AE6144">Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3DA684198E6BE42A2A87A1C1DA6BE0B8">Amaral, André P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0396879BFFE63610FE8BA4FCFC6BEB88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8040026" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209689910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8040026" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396879BFFE63610FE8BA4FCFC6BEB88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396879BFFE63610FE8BA4FCFC6BEB88" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE6361FFE8BA4FCFB75EAB3" authority="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019" authorityName="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho" authorityYear="2019" box="[351,1237,1165,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munteantaroku" subGenus="Corethrella">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFE8BA4FCFE4AEAB3" bold="true" box="[351,490,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Corethrella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFE2EA4FCFD25EAB3" bold="true" box="[506,645,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Corethrella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFD42A4FCFCF1EAB3" bold="true" box="[662,849,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">munteantaroku</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE6361FFC83A4FCFB75EAB3" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[855,1237,1165,1192]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FFE6361FFD70A4C0FD5AEAD0" box="[676,762,1201,1227]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1391,1499,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-357@39.[189,1399,1493,1922]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 17. Corethrella munteantaroku Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019, male adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037800/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13042A08FFE6361FFCD1A4C0FC2FEAD0" box="[773,911,1201,1227]" captionStart="Appendix 1" captionStartId="104.[184,306,551,580]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Appendix 1 (continued). List of species of Corethrellidae recorded from Brazil. 1 stage only briefly described; 2 stage with description uncertain. Asterisks denote new records reported in this paper. L = larva(e); P = pupa(e). C. = Corethrella throughout." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFF69A488FE0AEB08" bold="true" box="[189,426,1273,1299]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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, adult;
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,
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,
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;
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;
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and
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leg.;
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, “
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acima da ponte” [
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ahead of the bridge];
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.
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFF69A7EAFEBEE9AE" bold="true" box="[189,286,1947,1973]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE6361FFEFDA7EAFBA9E9AE" authority="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019" authorityName="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,1033,1947,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munteantaroku">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFEFDA7EAFDCCE9AE" box="[297,620,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Corethrella munteantaroku</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE6361FFDA3A7EAFBA9E9AE" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[631,1033,1947,1973]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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, male adult.
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFB7EA7EAFB1FE9AE" bold="true" box="[1194,1215,1947,1973]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view.
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE6361FFCB9A7CFFC21E9C3" bold="true" box="[877,897,1982,2008]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
. Thoracic setae, lateral view.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A179FEEEEF39" blockId="40.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FF69A179FEEEEF39" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FF3EA146FED2EF4A" bold="true" box="[234,370,311,337]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Male adult</emphasis>
(n = 1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A12BFA94EFA0" blockId="40.[189,1399,311,443]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
HEAD (
<figureCitation id="13042A08FFE93610FEC1A12BFE26EF6F" box="[277,390,346,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1391,1499,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-357@39.[189,1399,1493,1922]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 17. Corethrella munteantaroku Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019, male adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037800/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FE4AA12BFE5EEF6F" bold="true" box="[414,510,346,372]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sensilla</emphasis>
: Ocular row with 2 thick offset setae at ventral part, 13 extending little beyond vertex. Subocular row indistinct, interocular space and vertex with few slender setae. Postgenal row with 15 slender setae, from mid-posterior to ventral portions. With 1 thick ventromedial seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A193FB95ECD4" blockId="40.[188,1399,482,720]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
THORAX (
<figureCitation id="13042A08FFE93610FEFBA193FE38EFE7" box="[303,408,482,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1391,1499,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-357@39.[189,1399,1493,1922]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 17. Corethrella munteantaroku Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019, male adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037800/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FE79A193FDADEFE7" bold="true" box="[429,525,482,508]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sensilla</emphasis>
: Antepronotum with 3 slender setae anteriorly located. Postpronotum with 1 thick and 2 slender dorsal setae. Scutum, prescutal area with 7 thick and 3 slender setae clustered on anteroventral portion; 2 thick and 1 intermediate setae more posterodorsally. Antealar area with 11 thick/intermediate and 5 slender setae grouped posteroventrally. Supraalar area with 4 thick setae surrounded by 4 slender setae. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with 8 longitudinally aligned thick setae; additionally, 26 thick/intermediate and 9 slender setae completing the row. Scutellum with 12 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum with 3 slender dorsal setae. Anepimeron bare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A286FDE1ED0A" blockId="40.[189,577,758,785]" box="[189,577,758,792]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">WING. R 3 /R 1: 0.45; R 2+3 /R 2: 0.63.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A349FDB8ED6E" blockId="40.[189,1399,824,885]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
LEGS. Empodium (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE93610FE4DA349FD17ED49" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[409,695,824,850]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FE28A348FD97ED49" box="[508,567,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 108
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2d) of intermediate length, slender, with two branches. Ta1/Ta2: 2.00; Ta3/Ta4: 1.30.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256506FFE93610FF69A3EDFC16EA69" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A3EDFE4FEDAD" blockId="40.[189,495,924,951]" box="[189,495,924,951]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0C881E1FFE93610FF69A3EDFE4FEDAD" bold="true" box="[189,495,924,951]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FF69A3EDFE4FEDAD" bold="true" box="[189,495,924,951]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A3BAFC16EA69" blockId="40.[189,1399,971,1139]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
This study examined the
<typeStatus id="5484882FFFE93610FE30A3BAFDEBEDFE" box="[484,587,971,997]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FDA6A3BAFB3EEDFE" authority="Amaral et al., 2019" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="2019" box="[626,1182,971,998]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munteantaroku">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FDA6A3BAFC11EDFE" box="[626,945,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Corethrella munteantaroku</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE93610FC63A3BAFB3EEDFE" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[951,1182,971,998]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FBC0A3BDFBEFEDFE" box="[1044,1103,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. From the original description: “This species is known only from the single individual collected with a Malaise trap at the type locality, the Barro Branco stream, in Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, AM. Barro Branco is a slow flowing, shallow stream, approximately
<quantity id="4CC79B68FFE93610FCC1A444FC9BEA54" box="[789,827,1077,1103]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
meters wide. It is surrounded by a fragment of Amazon rainforest just outside the limits of Manaus urban area.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256506FFE93610FF69A4EBFC6BEB88" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A4EBFE8FEAAF" blockId="40.[189,303,1178,1204]" box="[189,303,1178,1204]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0C881E1FFE93610FF69A4EBFE8FEAAF" bold="true" box="[189,303,1178,1204]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FF69A4EBFE8FEAAF" bold="true" box="[189,303,1178,1204]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFFE93610FF69A4B9FC6BEB88" blockId="40.[188,1399,1224,1427]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FEC8A4B8FEFEEAF9" box="[284,350,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et. al.</emphasis>
(2019) described the posterior portion of the dorsocentral row as bearing one thick offset seta. This character is newly interpreted here. For a more detailed discussion, see Morphology remarks below.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FEC1A57FFDF7EB33" authority="Amaral et al., 2019" box="[277,599,1294,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munteantaroku">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FEC1A57FFDF7EB33" box="[277,599,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Corethrella munteantaroku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was hypothesized as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FBEEA57EFAE2EB32" authority="Dyar, 1928" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1928" box="[1082,1346,1294,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanda">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FBEEA57EFB11EB33" box="[1082,1201,1294,1321]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. blanda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE93610FB68A57EFAE2EB32" author="Dyar H. G." box="[1212,1346,1295,1321]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="79 - 80" refId="ref63087" refString="Dyar H. G. 1928. A new Corethrella from Panama (Diptera: Culicidae). Entomological News 39: 79 - 80." type="journal article" year="1928">Dyar, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FF69A543FE60EB57" authority="Lane, 1942" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[189,448,1330,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FF69A543FE92EB57" box="[189,306,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. pallida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE93610FEEEA543FE60EB57" author="Lane J." box="[314,448,1330,1356]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="81 - 148" refId="ref63584" refString="Lane J. 1942. Dixinae e Chaoborinae. Revisao das especies neotropicas (Diptera, Culicidae). Revista de Entomologia 13: 81 - 148." type="journal article" year="1942">Lane, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the presence of a wing band and anteromedial spicules on the gonocoxite (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFFE93610FF11A524FE06EB74" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[197,422,1365,1391]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FEF1A527FEC0EB74" box="[293,352,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Nevetheless, its short, slender, and two-branched empodium is more similar to the ones found in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FEB0A509FE40EB89" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1939" box="[356,480,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FEB0A509FE40EB89" box="[356,480,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FE3BA509FCBDEB89" authority="Lane, 1939" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1939" box="[495,797,1400,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FE3BA509FD30EB89" box="[495,656,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. amazonica</emphasis>
Lane, 1939
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFFE93610FC8FA509FC64EB89" authorityName="Shannon &amp; Del Ponte" authorityYear="1928" box="[859,964,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFFE93610FC8FA509FC64EB89" box="[859,964,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. davisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>