424 lines
59 KiB
XML
424 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4207D81E42E5801422780F4C3B0787BB">Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="819D9DDD3A4FFDA27EEF642C9EB10C40">Amaral, André P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="348C1F64CFEF8AAAEAF8908FB0AB892E">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="487EF82888F380C64E15F5ABED81ED9B" type="email">ap.amaral@outlook.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="47FEC5C16EF96577545C1A29E81EE7B7">Mariano, Rodolfo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53108ED497C047F3BE7F432D542808C9">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="60FDC0401628C90E4318149F09FD9FD0" type="email">rmlsilva@uesc.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9871AD35118A584EA333B3C352AF95ED">Pinho, Luiz Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="437FA65CF8B6D169CA43BB4DFF0F7717">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, CEP 88040 - 901, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="57811E085E2E87EBAFD022FD80849943" type="email">luiz.pinho@ufsc.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C0FD1395A1EDAF3F8BF74AA8D3EA7E58">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5703B1994DA881608DF382E7357B5158">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0396879BFF863672FDD7A179FAC8ED98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8040051" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209689935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8040051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396879BFF863672FDD7A179FAC8ED98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396879BFF863672FDD7A179FAC8ED98" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="C3256506FF86367FFDD7A179FB91EF38" box="[515,1073,264,291]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFDD7A179FB91EF38" blockId="71.[515,1073,264,326]" box="[515,1073,264,291]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0C881E1FF86367FFDD7A179FB91EF38" box="[515,1073,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF86367FFDD7A179FB91EF38" ID-CoL="8BL5R" authority="Lane, 1942" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[515,1073,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi" subGenus="Corethrella">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFDD7A179FD2EEF38" bold="true" box="[515,654,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Corethrella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFD4AA179FC89EF38" bold="true" box="[670,809,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Corethrella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFCEEA179FC06EF38" bold="true" box="[826,934,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">edwardsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF86367FFC79A178FB91EF38" author="Lane J." box="[941,1073,265,291]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="81 - 148" refId="ref63584" refString="Lane J. 1942. Dixinae e Chaoborinae. Revisao das especies neotropicas (Diptera, Culicidae). Revista de Entomologia 13: 81 - 148." type="journal article" year="1942">Lane, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF86367FFD70A15DFC2FEF5D" box="[676,911,300,326]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFD70A15DFC2FEF5D" blockId="71.[515,1073,264,326]" box="[676,911,300,326]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFD70A15DFD5BEF5D" box="[676,763,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFCD1A15DFC2FEF5D" box="[773,911,300,326]" captionStart="Appendix 1" captionStartId="104.[184,306,551,580]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Appendix 1 (continued). List of species of Corethrellidae recorded from Brazil. 1 stage only briefly described; 2 stage with description uncertain. Asterisks denote new records reported in this paper. L = larva(e); P = pupa(e). C. = Corethrella throughout." pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF86367FFF69A11CFCA4ECD0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A11CFE96EF9C" blockId="71.[189,310,365,391]" box="[189,310,365,391]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0C881E1FF86367FFF69A11CFE96EF9C" bold="true" box="[189,310,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF69A11CFE96EF9C" bold="true" box="[189,310,365,391]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF3EA1EDFD92EC3B" blockId="71.[189,1400,412,544]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF3EA1EDFE97EFAD" bold="true" box="[234,311,412,438]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Larva</emphasis>
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Only species with the following combination of characters: exuvia uniformly light brown (
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFB2EA1CEFAC9EFC2" box="[1274,1385,447,473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
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); prementum and mandibular teeth lightly pigmented (
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFCEAA193FC0FEFE6" box="[830,943,482,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
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); siphon with seta 2-S very thick and located at midlength (
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFE69A277FD85EC3B" box="[445,549,518,544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF3EA236FE8BEC7A" blockId="71.[186,1398,583,715]" box="[234,299,583,609]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF3EA236FE8BEC7A" bold="true" box="[234,299,583,609]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Pupa</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A21BFCA4ECD0" blockId="71.[186,1398,583,715]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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Only species with the following combination of characters: respiratory organ tubular (
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFB44A21BFB5AEC9F" box="[1168,1274,618,644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34H</figureCitation>
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), elongate, and expanded subapically, without an apical opening, reticulate on distal half; lacking campaniform sensilla supraalar 2 and metathoracic 2 (
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFD40A2C0FD56ECD0" box="[660,758,689,715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34I</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF86367FFF69A283FE05EDD3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A283FE0AED17" blockId="71.[189,426,754,780]" box="[189,426,754,780]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0C881E1FF86367FFF69A283FE0AED17" bold="true" box="[189,426,754,780]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF69A283FE0AED17" bold="true" box="[189,426,754,780]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A350FE05EDD3" blockId="71.[189,1399,800,968]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CD0FF86367FFF69A350FBFFED45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130497388" collectingDate="2019-06-08" collectionCode="CE-MHS" collectorName="A. P. Amaral" country="Brazil" elevation="425" latitude="-13.291667" location="Sitio do Pidi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.58972" municipality="Maracas" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Bahia State">
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<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF86367FFF69A350FE86ED20" box="[189,294,801,827]" name="Brazil" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFEE4A350FE7BED21" bold="true" box="[304,475,800,827]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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–
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<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF86367FFE9CA351FE7BED21" box="[328,475,800,826]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D39FD04FF86367FFE2DA350FD9FED20" box="[505,575,801,827]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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, adults, with larval and pupal exuviae;
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACF7FF86367FFBC9A350FB23ED20" box="[1053,1155,801,827]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maracás</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE06056FF86367FFB45A350FA8CED20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396879BFF863672FDD7A179FAC8ED98:8EE06056FF86367FFB45A350FA8CED20" box="[1169,1324,801,827]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.291667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.58972" municipality="Maracas" name="Sitio do Pidi" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Bahia State">Sítio do Pidi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A322FAFFF86367FFAEEA350FAD2ED20" box="[1338,1394,801,827]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">pool</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B504AFF86367FFF69A333FEEBED45" box="[189,331,834,862]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-13.291667">13°17ʹ30ʺ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B504AFF86367FFE83A333FE51ED45" box="[343,497,834,862]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-40.58972">40°35ʹ23ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF86367FFE29A335FDE6ED45" box="[509,582,836,863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="425.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0012D1BEFF86367FFE29A335FDE6ED45" box="[509,582,836,863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="425.0">425 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l;
|
||
<date id="FF81104DFF86367FFD58A335FCB6ED45" box="[652,790,836,862]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2019-06-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9A5FF86367FFD58A335FCB6ED45" box="[652,790,836,862]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2019-06-08">8 Jun. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA535BFF86367FFCF5A335FC0FED45" box="[801,943,836,862]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A.P. Amaral</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE48FF86367FFC24A335FBFFED45" box="[1008,1119,836,862]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">CE-MHS</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CD0FF86367FFBA3A335FCC5ED9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130497302" collectingDate="2019-06-08" collectionCode="CE-MHS" collectorName="A. P. Amaral" country="Brazil" elevation="425" latitude="-13.291667" location="Sitio do Pidi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.58972" municipality="Maracas" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD04FF86367FFBA3A335FB03ED45" box="[1143,1187,836,862]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, adult, with pupal exuvia; same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE48FF86367FFD22A316FCC5ED9A" box="[758,869,871,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">CE-MHS</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CD0FF86367FFC51A316FE01EDD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130497322" collectingDate="2019-08-30" collectingMethod="frog-call trap" collectionCode="CE-MHS" collectorName="A. P. Amaral" country="Brazil" elevation="72" latitude="-16.359167" location="RPPN Veracel" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.1375" municipality="Porto Seguro" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD04FF86367FFC51A316FC14ED99" box="[901,948,871,898]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, adult;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACF7FF86367FFBC0A319FB14ED9A" box="[1044,1204,871,898]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Porto Seguro</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE06056FF86367FFB10A319FAD2ED9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396879BFF863672FDD7A179FAC8ED98:8EE06056FF86367FFB10A319FAD2ED9A" box="[1220,1394,871,898]" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.359167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.1375" municipality="Porto Seguro" name="RPPN Veracel" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Bahia State">RPPN Veracel</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A322FAFFF86367FFF69A3FAFEEAEDBE" box="[189,330,907,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">muçununga</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B504AFF86367FFE8EA3F8FE4CEDBF" box="[346,492,905,933]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-16.359167">16°21ʹ33ʺ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B504AFF86367FFE29A3F8FD3BEDBE" box="[509,667,905,933]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-39.1375">39°08ʹ15ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="0012D1BEFF86367FFD78A3FBFC90EDBF" box="[684,816,906,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="72.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF86367FFD78A3FBFD4CEDBE" box="[684,748,906,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FF81104DFF86367FFC95A3FBFC4CEDBF" box="[833,1004,906,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2019-08-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9A5FF86367FFC95A3FBFC4CEDBF" box="[833,1004,906,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2019-08-30">30 Aug. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA535BFF86367FFC2FA3FAFB2EEDBF" box="[1019,1166,906,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A.P. Amaral</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectingMethod id="527E4E9AFF86367FFB0CA3FBFAD7EDBE" box="[1240,1399,906,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">frog-call trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(chorus);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE48FF86367FFEFAA3DFFE01EDD3" box="[302,417,942,968]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">CE-MHS</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF863671FF69A39EFBDAEBC1" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A39EFEEEEA12" blockId="71.[189,334,1007,1033]" box="[189,334,1007,1033]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<heading id="D0C881E1FF86367FFF69A39EFEEEEA12" bold="true" box="[189,334,1007,1033]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF69A39EFEEEEA12" bold="true" box="[189,334,1007,1033]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF3EA46FFD07EA23" blockId="71.[189,1399,1053,1221]" box="[234,679,1053,1080]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF3EA46FFDAFEA23" bold="true" box="[234,527,1053,1080]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Male and female adults</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD04FF86367FFDF6A46FFDEEEA23" box="[546,590,1054,1080]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD04FF86367FFD8FA46FFD3BEA23" box="[603,667,1054,1080]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A430FB45EADE" blockId="71.[189,1399,1053,1221]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
HEAD.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFED9A431FECDEA41" bold="true" box="[269,365,1088,1114]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Sensilla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFEAFA430FE49EA40" box="[379,489,1089,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Ocular row with 2 thick offset setae at ventral part, more dorsally 10–12 setae shortly extending posteriorly. Subocular row well-defined, with about 12–14 setae from anterodorsal to posterodorsal portions. Vertex with several slender setae. Postgenal row with 12–15 intermediate setae, ranging from mid-posterior part of head to ventromedially. With 1 ventromedial thick seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A49DFEFBE83B" blockId="71.[188,1401,1259,1568]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
THORAX.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFEFAA49AFE2EEB1E" bold="true" box="[302,398,1259,1285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Sensilla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFE4AA49DFDACEB1D" box="[414,524,1260,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Proepisternum with 4–12 intermediate setae. Antepronotum with 1 thick anteroventral, 3–4 slender anterodorsal, and 4–6 slender lateral setae. Postpronotum with 1 thick and 2–6 slender dorsal setae.Scutum, prescutal area with 4–5 thick/intermediate anterior setae, 3 thick setae more posteriorly, and 6–7 slender setae in between. Antealar area with about 10–12 thick/intermediate setae anteriorly grouped and 9–10 slender setae scattered from ventral to dorsal portions. Supraalar area with 2–3 thick seta, with 5–7 slender setae surrounding; 4 intermediate setae anteriorly. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with 3 thick and 2 slender offset setae; 23–27 thick/intermediate and 20–31 slender setae filling row. Scutellum with 10 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum bare. Anepimeron with 5–9 slender setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A63FFA9AE872" blockId="71.[189,1338,1614,1647]" box="[189,1338,1614,1647]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
WING. Male R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFEBCA610FED1E874" attach="left" box="[360,369,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">3</subScript>
|
||
/R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFE59A610FE36E874" attach="left" box="[397,406,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
|
||
: 0.48; R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFE2FA610FDB6E874" attach="left" box="[507,534,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2+3</subScript>
|
||
/R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFDE6A610FD9BE874" attach="left" box="[562,571,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2</subScript>
|
||
: 0.74. Female R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFD29A610FCA6E874" attach="left" box="[765,774,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">3</subScript>
|
||
/R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFCF5A610FC8AE874" attach="left" box="[801,810,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
|
||
: 0.55 (0.54–0.57); R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFBF4A610FB9BE874" attach="left" box="[1056,1083,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2+3</subScript>
|
||
/R
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF86367FFB82A610FBFFE874" attach="left" box="[1110,1119,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2</subScript>
|
||
: 0.53 (0.50–0.56).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A6E6FB58E8CE" blockId="71.[189,1398,1687,1749]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
LEGS. Empodium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFE4FA6E6FDA6E8AA" box="[411,518,1687,1713]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34C</figureCitation>
|
||
) of intermediate length and intermediate thickness, with 4 branches. Male Ta1/Ta2: 2.81; Ta3/Ta4: 0.55. Female Ta1/Ta2: 2.52 (2.42–2.65); Ta3/Ta4: 1.13 (1.08–1.20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF3EA775FE2EE905" blockId="71.[189,952,1796,1857]" box="[234,398,1796,1822]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF86367FFF3EA775FE97E905" bold="true" box="[234,311,1796,1822]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF86367FFF69A756FC18E95A" blockId="71.[189,952,1796,1857]" box="[189,952,1831,1857]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
EXUVIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFEF2A756FE33E95A" box="[294,403,1831,1857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uniformly light brown; without tergal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF863671FF69A701FAF7EC98" blockId="71.[189,1400,1904,2001]" lastBlockId="73.[188,1400,265,644]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
HEAD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF86367FFEC7A701FEDEE991" box="[275,382,1904,1930]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 34E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Roughly triangular in dorsoventral view, 1.18–1.24 times as wide as long. Antenna 0.59–0.64 times length of head; antennal groove 1.27–1.32 times length of antenna. Ventral margin of antennal groove with about 5 well-developed denticles. Postmentum wide, tapering from base, 1.45–1.63 as wide as long; length 0.36–0.39 of head. Prementum straight, with 12–13 triangular teeth, lightly pigmented, central one largest, second small, third large, fourth smaller, fifth and sixth large. Anteromedial margin of gena not projected anteriorly, surface smooth. Postcoila indistinct, present as a faint line reaching lateral portion of head. Subgenal carina with multiple small spinules. Crown with 15–17 spines, regularly distributed, sizes growing posteriorly, ventral teeth shortest; largest spine
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FF6AA1C8FECAEFC8" box="[190,362,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Seta 16-C mesial to crown. Mandible with lightly pigmented teeth; apical tooth length 1.20–1.30 of first dorsal tooth; seta 3-Mn 0.34–0.47 times length of 4-Mn; lacinia mobilis with 5 blades; mandibular lobe well-developed, pale, apart from teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF883671FC77A18EFBA3EC02" bold="true" box="[931,1027,511,537]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Sensilla</emphasis>
|
||
: 9-C elongate, bifurcated; 10-C elongate, simple; 11-C elongate, fan-like; 12-C elongate, simple; 13-C short, fan-like; 14-C elongate, simple; 15-C moderately elongate, forked; 16-C elongate, fan-like. 0a-Mn short, fan-like; 0b-Mn elongate, simple. 6-Mx elongate, fan-like; 4-Mx moderately elongate, fan-like; 5-Mx short, fan-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF406605FF893670FF69A76DFE79E9FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" targetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" targetPageId="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF893670FF69A76DFE79E9FC" blockId="72.[189,1399,1820,2023]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FF69A76DFEBCE92D" bold="true" box="[189,284,1820,1846]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 34.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF893670FEFCA76DFD1BE92D" authority="Lane, 1942" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[296,699,1820,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FEFCA76DFD84E92D" box="[296,548,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Corethrella edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF893670FDE4A76CFD1BE92D" author="Lane J." box="[560,699,1820,1847]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="81 - 148" refId="ref63584" refString="Lane J. 1942. Dixinae e Chaoborinae. Revisao das especies neotropicas (Diptera, Culicidae). Revista de Entomologia 13: 81 - 148." type="journal article" year="1942">Lane, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FD1EA76DFD7FE92D" bold="true" box="[714,735,1820,1846]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FDE9A731FDF0E941" bold="true" box="[573,592,1856,1882]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FC3BA74EFBA4E942" bold="true" box="[1007,1028,1855,1881]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FE8DA712FECEE966" bold="true" box="[345,366,1891,1917]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Larval exuvia, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FD0DA712FD4DE966" bold="true" box="[729,749,1891,1917]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FED1A7F7FEB7E9BB" bold="true" box="[261,279,1926,1952]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Larval siphon, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FDA3A7F7FD2CE9BB" bold="true" box="[631,652,1926,1952]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FC36A7F7FC57E9BB" bold="true" box="[994,1015,1926,1952]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF893670FED0A7D8FEAFE9D8" bold="true" box="[260,271,1961,1987]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A2C3FE53ED09" blockId="73.[189,1398,690,786]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
SIPHON (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF883671FEFDA2C3FE34ECD7" box="[297,404,690,716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 34F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FE78A2C3FDB8ECD7" box="[428,536,690,716]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.39">0.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.38–0.40) long. Seta 1 stout and forked, situated at 0.30 (0.28–0.32) of length from base; a thick and spine-like seta located at midlength; 6-S pale, 9-S lightly pigmented; 6-S/9-S: 0.70 (0.69–0.72).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF3EA330FE23ED40" blockId="73.[188,1399,833,965]" box="[234,387,833,860]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF883671FF3EA330FE8BED40" bold="true" box="[234,299,833,859]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A314FEE1EDDE" blockId="73.[188,1399,833,965]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
EXUVIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF883671FEF1A315FE30ED64" box="[293,400,868,895]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 34G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uniformly medium brown; setae on metathorax and abdominal segments I–II darkly pigmented and directed anteriorly; cephalothorax dorsal setae and abdominal setae III–VIII lightly pigmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A385FD04EA80" blockId="73.[186,1401,1012,1179]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
CEPHALOTHORAX.Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FE3EA385FDF0EA15" box="[490,592,1012,1038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="1.26">1.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.22–1.32). Respiratory organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF883671FC11A385FB8DEA15" box="[965,1069,1012,1038]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 34H</figureCitation>
|
||
) tubular, elongate, expanded subapically, without apical opening, reticulate on apical half;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FC46A466FC5CEA29" box="[914,1020,1047,1074]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.42–0.49) long. Dorsal seta 1 moderately short, thick; about one length apart from dorsal 2; dorsal 2 of same length and thickness; both setae arising from elevated tubercule. Metathoracic 2 and supraalar 2 sensilla absent. Metathoracic seta 1 elongate, simple, moderately thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A4BBFBDAEBC1" blockId="73.[189,1400,1226,1499]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
ABDOMEN (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF883671FE92A4BBFE08EAFF" box="[326,424,1226,1252]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[189,232,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,266,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-110@72.[253,1334,265,1794]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 34. Corethrella edwardsi Lane, 1942. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Larval siphon, dorsal view. G. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. H. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. I. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: 1, 6, 9-S = siphon setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037850/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 34I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elongate, gently tapering from II–VII, surface of tergites somewhat corrugated; length of segments I–VIII:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FDD6A49CFDCBEB1C" box="[514,619,1261,1287]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="1.32">1.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.24–1.37), width/length: 0.55 (0.53–0.57). Margins smooth, not expanded laterally. Setae D-2 moderately elongate, subequal from II–VII. Lateral setae short. Largest seta D-2-I, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FE41A542FDE3EB55" box="[405,579,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.195" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Terminal process distinctly elongate, basal width 0.35 (0.34–0.36) of length, with paddles broad and spine-like process on mesial margin; D-1-IX thick, elongate, at about 0.70 from base; apical spine articulated; ventroapical seta V-1-IX about 1.3 times as long as apical spine; female genital lobe tapering, shorter than basal portion of terminal process; genital lobe in male elongate, tapering, extending shortly past basal portion. Chaetotaxy as illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF883671FF69A670FED9E92F" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A670FE4FE800" blockId="73.[189,495,1537,1564]" box="[189,495,1537,1564]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<heading id="D0C881E1FF883671FF69A670FE4FE800" bold="true" box="[189,495,1537,1564]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF883671FF69A670FE4FE800" bold="true" box="[189,495,1537,1564]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A641FDB1E8AF" blockId="73.[189,1401,1584,1716]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
This species is newly recorded both from the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF883671FC97A641FC27E851" box="[835,903,1584,1610]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and from the Brazilian Northeast region. Immatures were collected from small ground pools in Maracás, an area of xeric shurbland (caatinga). Two individuals were captured with frog-call pan traps in the Atlantic forest of Porto Seguro. Altitudes range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FE92A6EBFE73E8AF" box="[326,467,1689,1716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.485" metricValueMax="4.25" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="248.5" valueMax="425.0" valueMin="72.0">72 to 425 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A6A2FED9E92F" blockId="73.[189,1399,1747,1844]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF883671FF69A6A2FE18E8F6" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[189,440,1747,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF883671FF69A6A2FE18E8F6" box="[189,440,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Corethrella edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF883671FD6EA6A5FC9DE8F6" box="[698,829,1747,1774]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF883671FCBDA6A2FC40E8F6" box="[873,992,1747,1773]" name="Colombia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF883671FC3AA6A5FBECE8F5" box="[1006,1100,1748,1774]" name="Guyana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Brazilian states of ES, MG, and MS, Central-West and Southeast regions, at altitudes ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF883671FB64A686FA96E90A" box="[1200,1334,1783,1810]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="92.5" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 180 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF883671FF11A76BFECDE92F" author="Borkent A." box="[197,365,1818,1844]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref62471" refString="Borkent A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804 (1): 1 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1804.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Borkent 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF883672FF69A725FAC8ED98" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883671FF69A725FE8FE975" blockId="73.[189,303,1876,1902]" box="[189,303,1876,1902]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<heading id="D0C881E1FF883671FF69A725FE8FE975" bold="true" box="[189,303,1876,1902]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF883671FF69A725FE8FE975" bold="true" box="[189,303,1876,1902]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF883672FF69A7F3FDA9EC26" blockId="73.[189,1400,1922,2019]" lastBlockId="74.[189,1400,265,573]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
The immatures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF883671FE48A7F3FD36E987" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[412,662,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF883671FE48A7F3FD36E987" box="[412,662,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Corethrella edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not previously been formally described.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF883671FB15A7F3FAD6E986" author="Borkent A." box="[1217,1398,1922,1949]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref62471" refString="Borkent A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804 (1): 1 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1804.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Borkent (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
briefly described the pupa, adding photographs of the abdomen and respiratory organ which match the specimens studied here. The pupal respiratory organ is unique among the species studied, without an apical opening and with pores distributed on the outer surface. The terminal process is also peculiar, distinctively elongate (the lowest average value of width/length), seta D-1-IX relatively long and thick, and apical spine also elongate. The pupa, similarly to the others of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FBB2A121FB7DEF72" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1939" box="[1126,1245,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FBB2A121FB7DEF72" box="[1126,1245,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, lacks campaniform sensilla supraalar 2 and metathoracic 2, although, differing from that group of species, it has a metathoracic 1 seta, a trait shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FD2BA1E7FABDEFAB" authority="Shannon & Del Ponte, 1928" authorityName="Shannon & Del Ponte" authorityYear="1928" box="[767,1309,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FD2BA1E7FC1DEFAB" box="[767,957,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C. quadrivittata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8B3672FC1CA1E7FABDEFAB" author="Shannon R. C. & Del Ponte E." box="[968,1309,406,432]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="29 - 147" refId="ref64285" refString="Shannon R. C. & Del Ponte E. 1928. Los culicidos en la Argentina. Revista del Instituto bacteriologico 5: 29 - 147." type="journal article" year="1928">Shannon & Del Ponte, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FA88A1E7FE6FEFCF" authority="Vargas, 1952" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whartoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FA88A1E7FE87EFC8" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C. whartoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8B3672FEE6A1C8FE6FEFCF" author="Vargas L." box="[306,463,441,468]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="57 - 62" refId="ref64585" refString="Vargas L. 1952. Dos nuevas especies mexicanas de Corethrella (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista de la Sociedad mexicana de Historia natural 13: 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="1952">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF8B3672FEE6A1C8FE24EFC8" box="[306,388,441,467]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Vargas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1952
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8B3672FE37A1C8FD2FEFC8" author="Borkent A." box="[483,655,441,467]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref62471" refString="Borkent A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804 (1): 1 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1804.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Borkent 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Curiously, the pupae examined here and the photograph in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8B3672FF69A1ADFED1EFED" author="Borkent A." box="[189,369,476,502]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref62471" refString="Borkent A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804 (1): 1 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1804.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Borkent (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show the metathoracic and abdominal I–II setae directed anteriorly, with the rest of the setae directed laterally and posteriorly. Since this has not been observed in other species, we conclude it is peculiar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FEA1A252FDA1EC27" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[373,513,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FEA1A252FDA1EC27" box="[373,513,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C. edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8B3672FF69A22CFC2BECA6" blockId="74.[188,1398,604,701]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
On the larval siphon, the thick, spine-like seta at midlength was also not seen in any other examined species but is possibly present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FDEAA2F1FD58EC81" authorityName="Shannon & Del Ponte" authorityYear="1928" box="[574,760,640,666]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FDEAA2F1FD58EC81" box="[574,760,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C. quadrivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and perhaps other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FB54A2F1FAB9EC81" authorityName="Shannon & Del Ponte" authorityYear="1928" box="[1152,1305,640,666]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FB54A2F1FAB9EC81" box="[1152,1305,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">quadrivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), as suggested by the illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8B3672FD9FA2D2FC27ECA6" author="Balseiro E. G. & Spinelli G. R." box="[587,903,675,701]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref62028" refString="Balseiro E. G. & Spinelli G. R. 1984. Estados preimaginales y redescripcion de la genitalia masculina de Corethrella quadrivittata Shannon y Del Ponte 1927 (Diptera: Chaoboridae). Historia Natural 4: 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1984">Balseiro & Spinelli (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8B3672FF69A2ACFAC8ED98" blockId="74.[188,1398,733,900]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Additionally, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FE18A2ACFD65ECEC" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1942" box="[460,709,733,759]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FE18A2ACFD65ECEC" box="[460,709,733,759]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Corethrella edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FD2BA2ACFC1BECEC" authorityName="Shannon & Del Ponte" authorityYear="1928" box="[767,955,733,759]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FD2BA2ACFC1BECEC" box="[767,955,733,759]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C. quadrivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only species in the study with proespisternal setae. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8B3672FE24A371FD29ED01" authorityName="Shannon & Del Ponte" authorityYear="1928" box="[496,649,768,794]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8B3672FE24A371FD29ED01" box="[496,649,768,794]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">quadrivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group is restricted to the Neotropical Region and has several unique synapomorphies, some revealed in the present study. When immature stages of other members of the group are discovered, it should be possible to better interpret their biogeographic history and the evolution of those characters, and further establish the position of the group within the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |