1084 lines
155 KiB
XML
1084 lines
155 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="611D84A372E7594E31B99D9A778EBBA5">Austrocnephia, new genus, for five species of ‘ Paracnephia’ (Diptera: Simuliidae), with a key to Australian black fly genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCC88D24D7BE13B45055CDD5E95CBCB6">Craig, Douglas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F978EAE277871C17A5196DC08E04E270">Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0557582B7A1D5B95EB5F77A359A187E">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FF76ABCC5086" blockId="62.[151,915,153,216]" box="[151,915,153,180]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0D481B6FFA5443BFF30FF76ABCC5086" bold="true" box="[151,915,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FF76ABCC5086" bold="true" box="[151,915,153,180]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF30FF76AAFB5086" ID-CoL="8B5QW" authority="(Drummond 1931)" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[151,676,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FF76A9ED5086" bold="true" box="[151,434,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFE66FF76AAC45086" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[449,667,153,179]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref54696" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) West Australian Simuliidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1935100015 9" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond 1931</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. New combination.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FF52A91550ED" blockId="62.[151,915,153,216]" box="[151,330,189,216]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">(Figs. 164–195)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396551FFA5443BFF30FEEDAB88510C" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FEEDAAA3512F" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" box="[151,764,257,282]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF30FEEDAA40512F" ID-CoL="8F2NV" authority="Drummond 1931: 6" authorityName="Drummond" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,543,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FEEDA910512C" box="[151,335,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Simulium tonnoiri</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFEF2FEEEAA40512F" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[341,543,257,282]" page="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFEF2FEEEAA40512F" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[341,543,257,282]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref54696" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) West Australian Simuliidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1935100015 9" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond 1931: 6</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FECFAB88510C" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" box="[151,983,288,313]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311F4FFA5443BFF30FECFAB88510C" box="[151,983,288,313]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FECFA9FB510D" box="[151,420,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF30FECFA9FF510D" authority="tonnoiri" box="[151,416,288,312]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="tonnoiri">Cnephia tonnoiri tonnoiri</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFE0DFECFAB49510C" author="Mackerras, M. J. & Mackerras, I. M." box="[426,790,288,313]" page="169" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFE0DFECFAB49510C" author="Mackerras, M. J. & Mackerras, I. M." box="[426,790,288,313]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="167 - 187" refId="ref55837" refString="Mackerras, M. J. & Mackerras, I. M. (1950) Notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 75, 167 - 187. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109152 # page / 209 / mode / 1 up (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="journal article" year="1950">Mackerras & Mackerras, 1950: 169</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; new combination.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3396551FFA5443BFF30FED0AAF95186" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FED0AA7E5162" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" box="[151,545,318,343]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311F4FFA5443BFF30FED0AA7E5162" box="[151,545,318,343]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF30FED0A91A5162" box="[151,325,319,343]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FED0A91A5162" box="[151,325,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFEF5FED1AA425162" author="Rothfels, K. H." box="[338,541,318,343]" page="522" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFEF5FED1AA425162" author="Rothfels, K. H." box="[338,541,318,343]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref57026" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of Black Flies. Annual Revues of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels, 1979: 522</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FEB1AC735143" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" box="[151,1068,349,374]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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(‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF0FFEB1A8A15143" authorityName="A. Rothfels" authorityYear="1979" box="[168,254,350,374]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF0FFEB1A8A15143" box="[168,254,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cnephia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ of authors)
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFE27FEB1A9875140" box="[384,472,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFE27FEB1A98A5140" box="[384,469,350,373]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">tonnoiri</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFE79FEB2AAEF5143" author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[478,688,349,374]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="425 - 520" refId="ref53809" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1987) Part VIII. Black fly species of the world. 32 An annotated checklist of the world black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). In: Kim, K. C. & Merritt, R. W. (Eds.), Black Flies. Ecology, Population Management, and Annotated World List. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, pp. 425 - 520." type="book chapter" year="1987">Crosskey, 1987: 443</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; undetermined genus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFC0FFEB2AC765143" box="[936,1065,349,374]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Prosimuliini">Prosimuliini</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FE93AB6C51A1" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" box="[151,819,380,405]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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(Unplaced species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFED5FE93A9AE51A0" box="[370,497,380,405]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Prosimuliini">Prosimuliini</taxonomicName>
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)
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFE59FE92AA0F51A1" box="[510,592,381,404]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFE59FE92AA0F51A1" box="[510,592,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">tonnoiri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFDFBFE93AB7051A1" author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[604,815,380,405]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="221 - 225" refId="ref53890" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1989) Chapter 24. Simuliidae. In: Evenhuis N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Region. Special Publication 86. Bishop Museum Press and E. J. Brill, Honolulu, Leiden, pp. 221 - 225. Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / aocat / pdf / 24 sim. pdf (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book chapter" year="1989">Crosskey, 1989: 222</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FE74AAF95186" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" box="[151,678,410,435]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311F4FFA5443BFF30FE74AAF95186" box="[151,678,410,435]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FE74A9FB5186" box="[151,420,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF30FE74A9FF5186" authority="tonnoiri" box="[151,416,411,435]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="tonnoiri">Cnephia tonnoiri tonnoiri</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFE0DFE75AAFD5186" author="Trayler, K. M. & Davies, J. A. & Horowitz, P. & Morgan, D." box="[426,674,410,435]" page="286" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFE0DFE75AAFD5186" author="Trayler, K. M. & Davies, J. A. & Horowitz, P. & Morgan, D." box="[426,674,410,435]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="281 - 291" refId="ref57887" refString="Trayler, K. M., Davies, J. A., Horowitz, P. & Morgan, D. (1996) Aquatic fauna of the Warren bioregion, south-west Western Australia: does reservation guarantee preservation? Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 79, 281 - 291. Available from: http: // researchrepository. murdoch. edu. au / 5783 / (accessed 17 April 2019)" type="journal article" year="1996">
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Trayler
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFE5DFE73AA795186" box="[506,550,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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., 1996: 286
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396551FFA5443BFF30FE55AD0D51C5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FE55AD0D51C5" blockId="62.[151,1436,257,497]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311F4FFA5443BFF30FE55AD0D51C5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFF30FE55AAED51E7" authority="Crosskey & Howard, 1997" authorityName="Crosskey & Howard" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,690,441,466]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
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<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FE55A92E51E4" box="[151,369,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Paracnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFEDAFE56AAED51E7" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." box="[381,690,441,466]" page="18" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFEDAFE56AAED51E7" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." box="[381,690,441,466]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref54002" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (1997) A New Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies. The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19970503020 (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book" year="1997">Crosskey & Howard, 1997: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; new combination, unplaced to subgenus.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFBFEFE56AD6A51E7" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[1113,1333,441,466]" page="328" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFBFEFE56AD6A51E7" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[1113,1333,441,466]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref52542" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. & Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bugledich, 1999: 328</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFA99FE56A9C351C5" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." page="10" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFA99FE56A9C351C5" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref54061" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 178 pp. Available from: http: // blackflies. info / sites / blackflies. info / files / u 13 / Inventory. pdf (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book" year="2004">Crosskey & Howard, 2004: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFE03FE37AA9B51C4" author="Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W." box="[420,708,472,497]" page="26" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFE03FE37AA9B51C4" author="Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W." box="[420,708,472,497]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref52233" refString="Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W. (2008) World Blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae): a fully revised edition of the taxonomic and geographic inventory. 105 pp." type="book" year="2008">Adler & Crosskey, 2008: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFCFBFE37ABE251C4" ID-CoL="9G2C9" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[860,957,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Simuliini">Simuliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unplaced to subgenus.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CBFFA5443BFB0AFE37AD1151C5" author="Adler, P. H." box="[1197,1358,472,497]" page="33" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFA5443BFB0AFE37AD1151C5" author="Adler, P. H." box="[1197,1358,472,497]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref52173" refString="Adler, P. H. (2019) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory [2019]. 139 pp. Available from: http: // www. clemson. edu / cafls / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book" year="2019">Adler, 2019: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396551FFA54447FF30FDF1AD6E5426" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA5443BFF30FDF1AB11577C" blockId="62.[151,1437,542,1865]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFF30FDF1A962520C" bold="true" box="[151,317,542,569]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFEE9FDF0A981520C" box="[334,478,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(based on a few pinned adults plus pharate adults and literature description).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFAFCFDF0ADCA520C" box="[1371,1429,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Body</emphasis>
|
||
: head and thorax brownish orange (Figs. 164, 165); abdomen yellow and black; total length
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFB07FDABACE55268" box="[1184,1210,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFB6DFDACAD0B5268" box="[1226,1364,579,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.8499999999999996" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.8">2.8–2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFAC7FDACADC25268" box="[1376,1437,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 166): overall reddish brown; width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFDF8FD89AB5B52B4" box="[607,772,614,641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.9099999999999999" valueMax="0.97" valueMin="0.85">0.85–0.97 mm</quantity>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFCF3FD89ABA552B4" box="[852,1018,614,641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.57">0.57–0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
; postocciput black, vestiture of dense hairs; frons not markedly narrowed, dark brown, vestiture of moderately dense silvery hairs; frons:head-width ratio 1.0.0:6.0–6.2.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFEC6FD5FA9C952FC" box="[353,406,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
: interocular distance
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFD29FD40AAA852FC" box="[654,759,687,713]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dark blackish orange, upper ommatidia lighter; ommatidia diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFEA6FD3CA92852D8" box="[257,375,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.023">0.023 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFE24FD3BA9FB52D8" box="[387,420,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
37 rows across and down at mid-eye.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFCFFFD3CABED52D8" box="[856,946,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
: width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFBAEFD3CACEF52D8" box="[1033,1200,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.21" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dark brown, moderate vestiture of fine silvery hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFDB0FD18AA2B5324" box="[535,628,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
: total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFCAAFD18ABEB5324" box="[781,948,759,785]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.755" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.73">0.73–0.78 mm</quantity>
|
||
, extended well beyond posterior margin of head; evenly dark brown; scape and pedicel slightly broader than flagellomere I, flagellomere II shorter than first, remainder rectangular, barely tapered to apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFD0EFCD0AB73536C" box="[681,812,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||
: moderately developed,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFBE2FCAFAC38536C" box="[1093,1127,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
0.4× length of head depth; maxillary palp, total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFE68FC8CAA785348" box="[463,551,867,893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, palpomeres I & II small, palpomere III darker brown than others, dense vestiture, IV small, V elongated; proportional lengths palpomeres II–V 1.0:0.7:1.5; sensory organ moderately elongated, 0.65× length of palpomere III, opening normal; mandible pointed apically with
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFBBCFC43AC6253F0" box="[1051,1085,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
27 markedly small inner teeth, outer teeth absent, but with irregular edge, essentially as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA5443BFCE5FC20AB8A53DC" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[834,981,975,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscoflava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFCE5FC20AB8A53DC" box="[834,981,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">A. fuscoflava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; lacinia with 13–15 teeth on inner edge, nine teeth on outer; cibarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFE54FC1CAA0B543B" box="[499,596,1011,1038]" captionStart="FIGURES 167, 168" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1534,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,885,1515]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 167, 168. Austrocnephia tonnoiri female. (167) Cibarium. Paratype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (168) Tarsal claws. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335653/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 167</figureCitation>
|
||
) cornuae broad basally, not markedly flared, tapered and curved apically, medial gap small and angulate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFDA1FBF8AA085404" box="[518,599,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFD1FFBF8AB4C5404" box="[696,787,1047,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFCCDFBF8AB995404" box="[874,966,1047,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; evenly orange brown; postpronotal lobe well developed with dense fine hair, scutellum slightly paler than scutum, vestiture of sparse very fine yellowish hairs, long black hairs laterally; postnotum concolourous with scutellum; antepronotal lobe with dense pale hair; proepisternum and fore coxa bare; pleuron light brown, anepisternal membrane bare; katepisternal sulcus shallow and broad.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFEBFFB47A90D54F4" box="[280,338,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
: length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFE16FB48AA6354F4" box="[433,572,1191,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.0999999999999996" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA5443BFD35FB49AB4154F4" box="[658,798,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; membrane slightly fumose on apex and anal lobe, area between costal and radial sector veins faintly yellowish; distal 2/3 of costa with spines, distal 1/3 Sc bare, Rs not branched; a:b ratio 1.0:2.7; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A7349FFFA5443BFE57FAEFA9A7553B" attach="left" box="[496,504,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">1</subScript>
|
||
appearing distinctly doubled; CuA slightly sinuous; markedly distinct small pigmented region at r-m cross veins—comprised of pigmented sclerotized region, pigmented veins and concentration of hairs (as for male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFE2EFAD7A9FA5564" box="[393,421,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFE1DFAD8AA435567" box="[442,540,1335,1362]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 176</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFD97FAD8AADB5564" box="[560,644,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Haltere</emphasis>
|
||
: stem pale, knob darker.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFC06FAD7AB895564" box="[929,982,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: evenly yellowish brown, joints tending to darker; hind basitarsus with regular row of stout spines, absent distally; calcipala markedly developed with dorsal notch; pedisulcus only moderately expressed; tarsomere II
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFC84FA6FAB6255AC" box="[803,829,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 1.8× as long as distal width; claw talon fine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFA91FA90ADCB55AF" box="[1334,1428,1407,1434]" captionStart="FIGURES 167, 168" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1534,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,885,1515]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 167, 168. Austrocnephia tonnoiri female. (167) Cibarium. Paratype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (168) Tarsal claws. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335653/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 168</figureCitation>
|
||
) and smoothly tapered, basal tooth cone-shaped, 1/3 length of talon, rounded heel moderately expressed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFA8CFA4CADCA5588" box="[1323,1429,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: basal scale dark brown, vestiture of long yellowish hairs; anterior segments yellowish, other segments dark brown, vestiture of dense long pale hairs laterally and posteriorly; tergites markedly poorly sclerotized, barely discernable from remainder of dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA5443BFE6AF9E0AA68561C" box="[461,567,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: sternite VIII dark with distinct anterior edges and medial region, vestiture of microtrichia, large strong hairs posterolaterally; hypogynial valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFC34F9DCABAD567B" box="[915,1010,1587,1614]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–172" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 169–172. Austrocnephia tonnoiri female. (169) Hypogynial valves. Paralectotype. (Lesmurdie). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (170) Anal lobe (a l) and cercus (c). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (171) Genital fork, showing apodeme (ap). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (172) Spermatheca. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335655/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 169</figureCitation>
|
||
) lightly pigmented, vestiture of triads of microtrichia and strong hairs apically, medial edges of valves slightly concave, lightly strengthened anteromedially, moderately rounded apically, with ill-defined edge; cercus in lateral view elongated and rounded apically, with slight medial depression, anal lobe elongated, subequal in length to cercus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFC42F970AC18568C" box="[997,1095,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–172" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 169–172. Austrocnephia tonnoiri female. (169) Hypogynial valves. Paralectotype. (Lesmurdie). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (170) Anal lobe (a l) and cercus (c). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (171) Genital fork, showing apodeme (ap). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (172) Spermatheca. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335655/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 170</figureCitation>
|
||
); genital fork (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFB4BF970AD13568C" box="[1260,1356,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–172" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 169–172. Austrocnephia tonnoiri female. (169) Hypogynial valves. Paralectotype. (Lesmurdie). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (170) Anal lobe (a l) and cercus (c). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (171) Genital fork, showing apodeme (ap). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (172) Spermatheca. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335655/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 171</figureCitation>
|
||
) finely expressed, anterior stem narrow, rounded apically, when in situ markedly curved dorsally (distorted in image), no indication of membranous lateral areas, lateral arms narrow, apodeme absent, lateral plates bifurcate; spermatheca elongate and ovoid, dark brown, slightly wrinkled, internal fine spines not obvious, clear membranous area at junction with spermathecal duct small with raised edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA5443BFD78F8C0AB1E577C" box="[735,833,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–172" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 169–172. Austrocnephia tonnoiri female. (169) Hypogynial valves. Paralectotype. (Lesmurdie). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (170) Anal lobe (a l) and cercus (c). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (171) Genital fork, showing apodeme (ap). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (172) Spermatheca. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335655/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 172</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFA4443AFF30FA7AAC3D562C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335651/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,250,1429,1454]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1397]" targetPageId="63">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA4443AFF30FA7AAC3D562C" blockId="63.[151,1437,1429,1562]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFF30FA7AA978559B" bold="true" box="[151,295,1429,1454]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 163</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA4443AFE93FA79AA70559B" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[308,559,1430,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFE93FA79AA70559B" box="[308,559,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Austrocnephia orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (163) Type locality, Little Nerang Creek. Queensland, April 2013. Image courtesy of Alan Moore & FreeLargePhotos.com.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFD87FA56AAAF55E7" bold="true" box="[544,752,1465,1490]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURES 164–166</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA4443AFD5AFA55ABB755E7" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[765,1000,1466,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFD5AFA55ABB755E7" box="[765,1000,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female. (164) Frontal view. (Little Nerang Creek). Image by LHG-A. Scale = bar 0.5 mm. (165) Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFA4443AFC89FA31ABC355C3" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[814,924,1502,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFC89FA31ABC355C3" box="[814,924,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female. (Kangaroo Gulley). Arrow indicates wing spot (w s). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (166) Frontal view of head. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFA44445FF60F9A7ACF0536A" blockId="63.[151,1437,1608,2031]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,153,863]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFF60F9A7A91E5657" box="[199,321,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Adult male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFA4443AFEF6F9A7A99B5657" box="[337,452,1608,1634]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and other specimens from ANIC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFCF5F9A7ABD35657" box="[850,908,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Body</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA4443AFC3CF9A7AC1C5657" box="[923,1091,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURES 173, 174" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1754,1779]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,1101,1735]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 173, 174. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (173) Dorsal view. Lectotype. (Lesmurdie). Image by LHG-A. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (174) Habitus. Arrow indicates wing spot (w s). (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335657/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 173, 174</figureCitation>
|
||
): overall yellowish orange and black; total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFECCF983A9A956B2" box="[363,502,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFDA6F983AA6156B3" box="[513,574,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFA4443AFDE9F983AAEE56B3" box="[590,689,1643,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 175</figureCitation>
|
||
): overall brown; width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFC1DF984AC3F56B2" box="[954,1120,1643,1671]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.925" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.9">0.90–0.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFB14F983AD0556B2" box="[1203,1370,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.79" valueMin="0.71">0.71–0.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hairs yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFF57F97EA97A569F" box="[240,293,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
: upper ommatidia bright yellowish orange, large, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFC63F97FAC66569E" box="[964,1081,1680,1707]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.047">0.047 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFBE2F97EAC39569F" box="[1093,1126,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
16 across and down; lower ommatidia blackish orange, markedly smaller, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFCB7F95BABDA56FA" box="[784,901,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.018">0.018 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFC36F95AABED56FB" box="[913,946,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
32 across and down.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFB00F95BAD5E56FB" box="[1191,1281,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
: black; width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFF30F937A96256C6" box="[151,317,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.16999999999999998" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
; vestiture of sparse stiff black hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFD73F936AB6E56C6" box="[724,817,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
: total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFC62F938AC3456C6" box="[965,1131,1751,1779]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.6599999999999999" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.57">0.57–0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
; darker basally, evenly yellowish brown otherwise; scape and pedicel subequal in length, scape dark brown, flagellomere I slightly narrower than scape, other flagellomeres tapered slightly to apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFCB2F8CFABC7570F" box="[789,920,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||
: insubstantial; length 0.16–0.20× head depth; maxillary palp
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFE98F8ABA9FD576A" box="[319,418,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, palpomeres I & II small, palpomeres III & IV subequal in length, proportional lengths of palpomeres III–V 1.0:0.8:1.8, sensory vesicle spherical in shape, occupying 0.25× palpomere length, opening 0.5× vesicle width; lacinia with hairs apically; mandible not observed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFA4443AFC0FF863ABA65793" box="[936,1017,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFBF4F863AC835792" box="[1107,1244,1932,1959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFA4443AFA8BF863A89957FE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.88" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.8">0.80–0.96 mm</quantity>
|
||
; markedly domed, head angled ventrally; postpronotal lobe with slightly longer hairs than scutum; antepronotal lobes with sparse clump of longish fine pale hairs, scutum evenly medium brown, vestiture of fine golden hairs longer anteriorly, scutellum concolourous with scutum, vestiture of long pale hairs laterally, postnotum darker than scutum; proepisternum bare; pleuron brown, anepisternal membrane bare.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FC48FF51AC7650E2" box="[1007,1065,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
: length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDB4445FB2DFF52ACBA50E2" box="[1162,1253,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDB4445FA9BFF52ADC750E2" box="[1340,1432,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; membrane slightly fumose at apex, slightly so on anal lobe; yellowish tint between C and Sc; basal medial cell not apparent; a:b ratio 1.0:3.0; costa with spines, marked pigmented region at r-m cross veins, comprised of concentration of hairs on R
|
||
<subScript id="17A7349FFFDB4445FED9FED5A9D9517D" attach="left" box="[382,390,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">1</subScript>
|
||
and pigmentation of junction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FD4FFEC6AB135171" box="[744,844,297,324]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 176</figureCitation>
|
||
); Rs not branched; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A7349FFFDB4445FBE4FED5AC14517D" attach="left" box="[1091,1099,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">1</subScript>
|
||
appearing distinctly doubled, CuA not markedly sinuous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FE71FEA2AA755152" box="[470,554,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Haltere</emphasis>
|
||
: base of stem pale, knob dark tan.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FC1CFEA1ABAF5152" box="[955,1008,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: overall yellowish with dark articulations; hind basitarsus with ventral row of stout spines, absent distally; calcipala essentially as for female; tarsal claw as for other species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FE19FE7AAA77519A" box="[446,552,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: overall yellow and black, basal scale hairs pale yellow, extended to posterior of segment IV, tergites not markedly sclerotized, 2.0–3.5× as wide as long, markedly hirsute laterally, more so on posterior segments, hairs yellowish, long and dense; pleurites absent; sternites essentially absent, slightly expressed posteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FEBBFDEEA9D9522E" box="[284,390,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: overall small and moderately sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FCC2FDEEAB99522E" box="[869,966,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 177</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonocoxa 2× longer than its basal width, strengthened and scalloped posteromedially, vestiture of sparse hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FC1CFDCAAC7F520A" box="[955,1056,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonostylus in ventral view narrowed and tapered, broad in lateral view, approximately 1.5× longer than basal width, two substantial, short, blunt, apical spines; ventral plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FE76FD82AA6F52B2" box="[465,560,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 179</figureCitation>
|
||
) small, simple, 2.0× wider than long in ventral view, posterior edge thickened apically, slightly concave to convex (depending on view), broadly rounded laterally with straight edge angled anteriorly towards basal arms, slightly convex anteromedially, vestiture essentially absent, but with sparse central hairs, basal arms distinct, albeit not markedly developed, paramere connectors well expressed; median sclerite poorly expressed, as two widely separated arms extended just beyond posterior edge of ventral plate, junction with ventral plate not obvious; parameres plate-like basally, tapered distally with corrugations apically, spines poorly expressed as three or four small blunt structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FDEEFCAAAAF4536A" box="[585,683,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
|
||
); adeagal membrane with sparse microtrichia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFDB4445FF30FA11A98E560F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335653/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,264,1534,1559]" targetBox="[151,1436,885,1515]" targetPageId="64">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDB4445FF30FA11A98E560F" blockId="64.[151,1436,1534,1595]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FF30FA11A9385622" bold="true" box="[151,359,1534,1559]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURES 167, 168</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDB4445FED4FA11AA015623" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[371,606,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FED4FA11AA015623" box="[371,606,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female. (167) Cibarium. Paratype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (168) Tarsal claws. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDB4445FF60F985AD715796" blockId="64.[151,1437,1641,2027]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FF60F985A95E56B6" box="[199,257,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(based on numerous specimens).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FDD0F986AAF056B6" box="[631,687,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Body</emphasis>
|
||
: female length 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDB4445FC2BF986ABBE56B6" box="[908,993,1641,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FC57F986AC1656B6" box="[1008,1097,1641,1667]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–183" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1423,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,181,1403]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 181–183. Austrocnephia tonnoiri pupa. (181) Male cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (182) Gill. Some filament tips broken. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (183) Habitus. Female pupa. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335661/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig 183</figureCitation>
|
||
), male length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDB4445FB41F986AD3256B6" box="[1254,1389,1641,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; cuticle clear brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FEFBF962A9C75692" box="[348,408,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: frons of female quadratic, ratio of basal width to vertex width and height, 1.0:1.3 and 1.0:1.6 respectively (Fig. 180), that of male ovoid; ratios 1.0:1.9 and 1.0:2.5 respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FBB1F95EAC2B56FE" box="[1046,1140,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–183" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1423,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,181,1403]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 181–183. Austrocnephia tonnoiri pupa. (181) Male cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (182) Gill. Some filament tips broken. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (183) Habitus. Female pupa. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335661/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 181</figureCitation>
|
||
), cuticle not tuberculate; in male, frontal and facial setae present, in female frontal setae absent, in both male and female facial setae are well developed and curved—almost spine-like; antennal sheath of female extended beyond margin of ocular shield, that of male markedly not so.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FEF0F8F2A9F95702" box="[343,422,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: smooth, dorsocentral setae, stiff, spine-like, tips usually curled.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FBD6F8F2ACC35702" box="[1137,1180,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Gill</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FB0CF8F2AD535702" box="[1195,1292,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–183" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1423,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,181,1403]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 181–183. Austrocnephia tonnoiri pupa. (181) Male cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (182) Gill. Some filament tips broken. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (183) Habitus. Female pupa. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335661/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 182</figureCitation>
|
||
): total length
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FF30F8ADA8EE576E" box="[151,177,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDB4445FF18F8AFA93E576E" box="[191,353,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.275" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.95">0.95–1.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
; antler-like with 26–36 filaments arising from five to seven markedly short basal trunks, branching at irregular intervals, some branches short, surface with distinct fine pseudoannulations, smooth apically; tips often broken in mature pupae, otherwise as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDB4445FDFBF866AABC5796" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[604,739,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FDFBF866AABC5796" box="[604,739,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">A. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FD57F866AB075796" box="[752,856,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FCC0F866AB985796" box="[871,967,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 184" captionStartId="69.[151,250,996,1021]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,348,977]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,345,977]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 184. Austrocnephia tonnoiri pupa. (184) Abdominal armature. Arrow indicates pleurite (plt). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335663/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 184</figureCitation>
|
||
): essentially as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDB4445FB3FF866AD795796" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1176,1318,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscoflava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FB3FF866AD795796" box="[1176,1318,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">A. fuscoflava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDB4445FF60F842AB0A57DE" blockId="64.[151,1437,1641,2027]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDB4445FF60F842A94157F2" box="[199,286,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDB4445FE88F842A9CB57F2" box="[303,404,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–183" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1423,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,181,1403]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 181–183. Austrocnephia tonnoiri pupa. (181) Male cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (182) Gill. Some filament tips broken. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (183) Habitus. Female pupa. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335661/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 183</figureCitation>
|
||
). Close fitting, usually covering pupa completely, slightly slipper-shaped; irregular weave, silk fibers fine; considerable extraneous material incorporated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFDA4444FF30FA42AC4F5638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335655/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,264,1453,1478]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1433]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDA4444FF30FA42AC4F5638" blockId="65.[151,1436,1453,1550]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FF30FA42A93655F3" bold="true" box="[151,361,1453,1478]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 169–172</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDA4444FED0FA41AA3B55F3" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[375,612,1454,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FED0FA41AA3B55F3" box="[375,612,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female. (169) Hypogynial valves. Paralectotype. (Lesmurdie). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (170) Anal lobe (a l) and cercus (c). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (171) Genital fork, showing apodeme (ap). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (172) Spermatheca. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDA4447FF60F9D2AA1953B6" blockId="65.[151,1437,1595,2019]" lastBlockId="66.[151,1437,153,1080]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FF60F9D2A9555663" box="[199,266,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(based on numerous specimens, Kangaroo Gully).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FCF9F9D3ABC75663" box="[862,920,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Body</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDA4444FC0DF9D3AC4F5663" box="[938,1040,1595,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 185–187" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1518,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,432,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,381,1498]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 185–187. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (185) Habitus, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (186) Dorsal view of head, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (187) Mandible apex. (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335665/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 185</figureCitation>
|
||
): total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FB14F9D3AD1F5662" box="[1203,1344,1596,1623]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="7.1" valueMax="7.6" valueMin="6.6">6.6–7.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; overall mottled grey; smoothly expanded from the thorax posteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FCF3F98FABCE564F" box="[852,913,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDA4444FC07F98FAC5B564E" box="[928,1028,1632,1659]" captionStart="FIGURES 185–187" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1518,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,432,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,381,1498]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 185–187. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (185) Habitus, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (186) Dorsal view of head, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (187) Mandible apex. (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335665/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
): overall markedly bicolourous, yellow and dark brown, head spot pattern positive; length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FCB8F96CAB9756AA" box="[799,968,1667,1695]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.855" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.75">0.75–0.96 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FB86F96BAC9556AA" box="[1057,1226,1668,1695]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.299999999999999" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.83" valueMin="0.71">0.71–0.83 mm</quantity>
|
||
; distance between antennal bases
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FEE7F947A9B956F6" box="[320,486,1704,1731]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.395" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
; anterior margins of head subparallel, diverging posterior of stemmata; ecdysial lines well visible, slightly divergent until posterior of stemmata, then very broadly curved laterally then medially; cervical sclerites elongated and fused to postocciput; genae brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FCEAF91EABF5573E" box="[845,938,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
: not extended to end of labral fan stem; total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FF42F8FCA9D3571A" box="[229,396,1811,1839]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.32499999999999996" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
; basal article pale proximally, darker brown distally, medial article and distal articles evenly light brown; medial article slightly narrowed along length, basal article markedly shorter than medial article, proportional lengths of basal, medial and apical articles 1.0:1.2:1.7.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FCD2F8B3ABB15743" box="[885,1006,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Labral fan</emphasis>
|
||
: stem short, not markedly pigmented,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FF30F86EA8E657AF" box="[151,185,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
26–36 fine rays, ten posterior rays finer than others, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FCD4F86FAC4557AE" box="[883,1050,1920,1947]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.81" valueMax="0.88" valueMin="0.74">0.74–0.88 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mid-ray width
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFDA4444FB74F86FADC757AE" box="[1235,1432,1920,1947]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.016" valueMax="0.018" valueMin="0.014">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDA4444FB74F86FAD4D57AF" box="[1235,1298,1920,1946]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDA4444FAB4F86FAD0057AF" box="[1299,1375,1920,1946]" degrees="0.018" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="55" value="-0.018">–0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; pattern of microtrichia not marked, longer microtrichia subequal in length to ray width.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDA4444FBC1F84BAC8E578B" box="[1126,1233,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDA4444FB47F84BAD1E578B" box="[1248,1345,1956,1982]" captionStart="FIGURES 185–187" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1518,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,432,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,381,1498]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 185–187. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (185) Habitus, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (186) Dorsal view of head, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (187) Mandible apex. (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335665/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
|
||
): darkly pigmented; not noticeably short; outer teeth short and distinct; apical tooth prominent; subapical teeth small and subequal in length;
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FED1FF75A9C85086" box="[374,407,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
six spinous teeth, distal tooth markedly developed, others short; serration and sensilla well developed, slightly complex; blade region short and straight.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FCEBFF52ABFC50E2" box="[844,931,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
: palp cone-shaped 2.4–2.6× as long as basal width, very dark; hairs at base of palp not markedly developed, various.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FC61FF0EAC3150CE" box="[966,1134,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Postgenal cleft</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FBD9FF0EACBF50CE" box="[1150,1248,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 188, 189" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1850,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1209,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[151,1436,1209,1830]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 188, 189. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (188) Ventral head cuticle. (Jane Creek). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (189) Hypostoma. Arrow indicates serrations (s). (Jane Creek). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335669/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 188</figureCitation>
|
||
): markedly shallow with medial projection—variable; posterior tentoral pits distinct and rounded; postgenal bridge evenly pale contrasting with slightly darker genae; elongated posteroventral muscles spots distinct, but not markedly so; suboesophageal ganglion slightly pigmented and obvious.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FD5CFEA1AB245152" box="[763,891,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Hypostoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FC2BFEA2ABAF5152" box="[908,1008,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 188, 189" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1850,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1209,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[151,1436,1209,1830]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 188, 189. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (188) Ventral head cuticle. (Jane Creek). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (189) Hypostoma. Arrow indicates serrations (s). (Jane Creek). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335669/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 189</figureCitation>
|
||
): well pigmented; tooth 0 distinct but not markedly prominent, teeth 1 & 2, small, tooth 3 larger (various, often absent from one side), tooth 4 well developed and flanged; teeth 5–7 small and various, tooth 8 small, obvious, and directed slightly laterally; ventral edge of hypostoma partially obscuring teeth 5–7; lateral edges of hypostoma straight, six to nine small lateral serrations, other smaller serrations more laterally; four or five substantial hypostomal setae on each side; ratio of hypostoma to genal bridge and postgenal cleft 1.0:1.3:0.3.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FD15FDEEAB5C522E" box="[690,771,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: mottled grey; gill histoblast (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FBFAFDEEACE1522E" box="[1117,1214,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–194" captionStartId="72.[159,272,1860,1885]" captionTargetBox="[231,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[230,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 190–194. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (190) Pupal gill histoblast. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (191) Prothoracic proleg showing small lappets (arrows). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (192) Anal sclerite and circlet of hooks. Arrow indicates campaniform sensilla (c s). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (193) Head of 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 05 mm. (194) Hypostoma, 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 02 mm. FIGURE 195. Austrocnephia tonnoiri type locality. (195) Lesmurdie Stream, WA. Sept. 2005. Image courtesy of Creative Commons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335671/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 190</figureCitation>
|
||
) broadly L-shaped, with five primary trunks visible, directed ventrally, then posteriorly, then sharply anteroventrally; thinner pale tips of filaments directed anterodorsally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FDB6FDA6AAB95256" box="[529,742,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Prothoracic proleg</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FD53FDA6AB0A5256" box="[756,853,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–194" captionStartId="72.[159,272,1860,1885]" captionTargetBox="[231,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[230,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 190–194. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (190) Pupal gill histoblast. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (191) Prothoracic proleg showing small lappets (arrows). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (192) Anal sclerite and circlet of hooks. Arrow indicates campaniform sensilla (c s). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (193) Head of 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 05 mm. (194) Hypostoma, 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 02 mm. FIGURE 195. Austrocnephia tonnoiri type locality. (195) Lesmurdie Stream, WA. Sept. 2005. Image courtesy of Creative Commons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335671/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 191</figureCitation>
|
||
): lateral plates not markedly developed or L-shaped; lappets sometimes present as small clear tubercles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FD75FD82AB6352B2" box="[722,828,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: evenly expanded from anterior to posterior segments, not markedly expanded at segments VII & VIII; evenly mottled medium grey, paler anteriorly, darker posteriorly with some yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FEC9FD5AAA4552FA" box="[366,538,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Rectal papillae</emphasis>
|
||
: three simple lobes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FCA0FD5AAB9952FA" box="[775,966,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ventral tubercles</emphasis>
|
||
: absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FB8BFD5AACE452FA" box="[1068,1211,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anal sclerite</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FB6BFD5AAD6E52FA" box="[1228,1329,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–194" captionStartId="72.[159,272,1860,1885]" captionTargetBox="[231,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[230,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 190–194. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (190) Pupal gill histoblast. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (191) Prothoracic proleg showing small lappets (arrows). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (192) Anal sclerite and circlet of hooks. Arrow indicates campaniform sensilla (c s). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (193) Head of 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 05 mm. (194) Hypostoma, 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 02 mm. FIGURE 195. Austrocnephia tonnoiri type locality. (195) Lesmurdie Stream, WA. Sept. 2005. Image courtesy of Creative Commons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335671/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 192</figureCitation>
|
||
): anterior arms slightly flared; main body of sclerite not well developed; posteromedial hole open, posterolateral arms absent; posteromedial extensions projecting from base of each posteroventral arm into the dorsal junction of hooks in circlet not markedly developed; posteroventral arms elongated and finely tapered; only five to eight campaniform sensilla between the posteroventral arms and circlet of hooks.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FD56FCA9ABF8536A" box="[753,935,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Posterior circlet</emphasis>
|
||
: well developed,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FBC9FCA9ACD0536A" box="[1134,1167,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
150 rows of hooks with 17–23 hooks per row (total
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FE6AFC85A9B053B6" box="[461,495,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
3,100).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFD94447FF60FC61AD6E5426" blockId="66.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FF60FC61A9185392" box="[199,327,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">First instar</emphasis>
|
||
(one specimen).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FDABFC62AA195392" box="[524,582,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFD94447FD0AFC62AB495392" box="[685,790,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="0.79">0.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FCCFFC62AB935392" box="[872,972,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–194" captionStartId="72.[159,272,1860,1885]" captionTargetBox="[231,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[230,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 190–194. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (190) Pupal gill histoblast. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (191) Prothoracic proleg showing small lappets (arrows). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (192) Anal sclerite and circlet of hooks. Arrow indicates campaniform sensilla (c s). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (193) Head of 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 05 mm. (194) Hypostoma, 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 02 mm. FIGURE 195. Austrocnephia tonnoiri type locality. (195) Lesmurdie Stream, WA. Sept. 2005. Image courtesy of Creative Commons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335671/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 193</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FC47FC62AC3B5392" box="[992,1124,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Labral fans</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FBD3FC61ACD15392" box="[1140,1166,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 12 fan rays, length
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FADCFC61ADC35392" box="[1403,1436,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3FFFD94447FF30FC5EA8A153FE" box="[151,254,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FEAFFC5DA9D753FE" box="[264,392,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Hypostoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFD94447FE30FC5EA9A553FE" box="[407,506,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–194" captionStartId="72.[159,272,1860,1885]" captionTargetBox="[231,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[230,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 190–194. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (190) Pupal gill histoblast. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (191) Prothoracic proleg showing small lappets (arrows). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (192) Anal sclerite and circlet of hooks. Arrow indicates campaniform sensilla (c s). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (193) Head of 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 05 mm. (194) Hypostoma, 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 02 mm. FIGURE 195. Austrocnephia tonnoiri type locality. (195) Lesmurdie Stream, WA. Sept. 2005. Image courtesy of Creative Commons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335671/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 194</figureCitation>
|
||
): tooth 0 prominent, teeth 1–3 subequal, tooth 4 slightly larger, teeth 5 & 6 present, teeth 7 & 8 barely evident; hypostomal groove distinct.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FCACFC3AABC653DA" box="[779,921,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anal sclerite</emphasis>
|
||
: barely evident, associated campaniform sensilla distinct.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FE8AFC16A9805426" box="[301,479,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Circlet of hooks</emphasis>
|
||
: with
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FD80FC15AA1E5426" box="[551,577,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 45 rows of hooks, with two or three hooks per row (total
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FB68FC15ACB65426" box="[1231,1257,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 112).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396551FFD94441FF60FBF2AA2E5691" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFD94447FF60FBF2ADDB5402" blockId="66.[151,1437,153,1080]" box="[199,1412,1053,1080]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FF60FBF2A9175402" bold="true" box="[199,328,1053,1079]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFD94447FE76FBF2AA9E540D" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[465,705,1053,1080]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref54696" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) West Australian Simuliidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1935100015 9" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond (1931: 6)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in honour of Australasian simuliidologist André Léon Tonnoir.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFD94447FF30F935AC355723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335657/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,264,1754,1779]" targetBox="[151,1436,1101,1735]" targetPageId="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFD94447FF30F935AC355723" blockId="66.[151,1436,1754,1815]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FF30F935A93756C6" bold="true" box="[151,360,1754,1779]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 173, 174</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFD94447FED2F934AA3F56C6" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[373,608,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD94447FED2F934AA3F56C6" box="[373,608,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male. (173) Dorsal view. Lectotype. (Lesmurdie). Image by LHG-A. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (174) Habitus. Arrow indicates wing spot (w s). (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFD84446FF39F8D4AB3157D6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" targetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" targetPageId="67">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFD84446FF39F8D4AB3157D6" blockId="67.[151,1437,1851,2020]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD84446FF39F8D4A9315761" bold="true" box="[158,366,1851,1876]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURES 175–179</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFD84446FEDDF8D3AA3A5761" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[378,613,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD84446FEDDF8D3AA3A5761" box="[378,613,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD84446FB34F848AD7D57F5" bold="true" box="[1171,1314,1959,1984]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 180</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFD84446FA89F847ADC257F5" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1326,1437,1960,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFD84446FA89F847ADC257F5" box="[1326,1437,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFDF4441FF30FA60A89955DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335661/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,264,1423,1448]" targetBox="[151,1436,217,1402]" targetPageId="68">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDF4441FF30FA60A89955DA" blockId="68.[151,1437,1423,1519]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FF30FA60A938559D" bold="true" box="[151,359,1423,1448]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURES 181–183</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDF4441FED3FA60AA3F5592" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[372,608,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FED3FA60AA3F5592" box="[372,608,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa. (181) Male cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (182) Gill. Some filament tips broken. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (183) Habitus. Female pupa. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDF4441FF60F9F1AA2E5691" blockId="68.[151,1437,1566,2024]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FF60F9F1A953560D" bold="true" box="[199,268,1566,1592]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Types</emphasis>
|
||
. Drummond did not designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FD23F9F1AAB6560D" box="[644,745,1566,1592]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but labeled material as co-types. Subsequent labeling, probably by the Mackerras’, designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FD99F9ADAAFF5669" box="[574,672,1602,1628]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and an
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FD5DF9ADAB075669" box="[762,856,1602,1628]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDF4441FCC5F9ADAC3E5669" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[866,1121,1602,1628]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref52542" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. & Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bugledich (1999: 329)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed suit listing a male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FF30F989A8A356B5" box="[151,252,1638,1664]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, plus one male and four female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FDD6F989AABF56B5" box="[625,736,1638,1664]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Under present Code, the former should be referred to as the ‘Lecotype’; the others as ‘Paralectotypes’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396551FFDF4441FF60F940AC125748" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDF4441FF60F940A95E5725" blockId="68.[151,1437,1566,2024]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3C87FFDF4441FF60F940A95E5725" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274831436" collectingDate="1930-10-18" collectorName="Coll. F. H. Drummond. & Exact" county="Pinned" latitude="-31.99" location="Lesmurdie" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="116.05" municipality="Examined" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FF60F940A96B56FD" box="[199,308,1711,1736]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FF60F940A96B56FD" box="[199,308,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lectotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FD4E56FFDF4441FEE2F941A9CC56FD" box="[325,403,1710,1736]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pinned</collectingCounty>
|
||
male.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8ACA0FFDF4441FE43F941AA0956FD" box="[484,598,1710,1736]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Examined</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
by LHG-A in 2007 and photographed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDF4441FB80F941ACD356FD" box="[1063,1164,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 173, 174" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1754,1779]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,1101,1735]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 173, 174. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (173) Dorsal view. Lectotype. (Lesmurdie). Image by LHG-A. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (174) Habitus. Arrow indicates wing spot (w s). (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335657/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
|
||
). Type locality
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDF4441FAE6F941A95E56D9" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC6001FFDF4441FEABF93DA9DB56D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87CCFFA54442FF30FF76AA875496:8EFC6001FFDF4441FEABF93DA9DB56D9" box="[268,388,1746,1772]" county="Pinned" latitude="-31.99" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="116.05" municipality="Examined" name="Lesmurdie" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="Western Australia">Lesmurdie</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDF4441FE35F93DAA5656D9" box="[402,521,1746,1772]" degrees="31.9900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" precision="5" value="-31.99">S31.9900°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDF4441FDB7F93EAAC656D9" box="[528,665,1745,1772]" degrees="116.0500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" precision="5" value="116.05">E116.0500°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD9E9F2FFDF4441FD0CF93DAB6056D9" box="[683,831,1746,1772]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1930-10-18">
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDF4441FD0CF93DAB6056D9" box="[683,831,1746,1772]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1930-10-18">18 Oct. 1930</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D6530CFFDF4441FCEDF93DAC1156D9" box="[842,1102,1746,1772]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Coll. F. H. Drummond.</collectorName>
|
||
(Fig. 195).
|
||
<collectorName id="26D6530CFFDF4441FB76F93DAD4E56D9" box="[1233,1297,1746,1772]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Exact</collectorName>
|
||
labeling not recorded.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDF4441FF60F8F5AC125748" blockId="68.[151,1437,1566,2024]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FF60F8F5A9305701" box="[199,367,1818,1844]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FF60F8F5A9305701" box="[199,367,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. Two pinned specimens examined. Male, head missing. Label data:- [From pupa/ Lesmurdie/
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDF4441FF30F8D1A952576D" box="[151,269,1854,1880]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1930-10-18">18. 10. 30</date>
|
||
/ Coll. F. H. D.] [Co-type
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDF4441FDE4F8D1AAEE576D" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" box="[579,689,1854,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ tonnoiri] [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDF4441FC91F8D1ABF9576D" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" box="[822,934,1854,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
|
||
/tonnoiri {M}/ Drum/
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDF4441FB0BF8D2AD4E576D" box="[1196,1297,1853,1880]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
] [Red card] [Aust. Nat./ Ins. Coll.]. Now as microscope slide. Female, same labels, but with {F}.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396551FFDF4440FF60F86AAD695598" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDF4440FF60F86AA98550E2" blockId="68.[151,1437,1566,2024]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FF60F86AA9EB5795" bold="true" box="[199,436,1925,1952]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
. A single specimen is housed in the medical entomology collection, Westmead Hospital, Sydney. Label:- [Species number 01002B1H7] [Lab number (79-1640)] [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDF4441FC43F845AD5457F1" authority="tonnoiri" box="[996,1291,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDF4441FC43F845AD5457F1" box="[996,1291,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cnephia tonnoiri tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] [
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDF4441FA81F846ADCF57F1" box="[1318,1424,1961,1988]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1929-10-01">01/10/29</date>
|
||
,] [Tillyard] [Lesmurdie Plains, WA]. This predates Drummond’s collection and is assumed here to be the original discovery of the species, that which led Drummond to collect at Lesmurdie a year later. He made no comment. The specimen was not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDE4440FF60FF0EA9925176" blockId="69.[151,1437,153,323]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FF60FF0EA9DA50CE" box="[199,389,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Alcohol material</emphasis>
|
||
: All stages; collected variously by D. Bedo, H. & P. Zwick and JKM. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32AE1FFFDE4440FB0AFF0EACAB50CE" box="[1197,1268,225,251]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
Database No./ 29 026532–026539; 29 026746; 29 026750; 29 026847]; [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32AE1FFFDE4440FC98FEEAABCD512A" box="[831,914,261,287]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">UASM</collectionCode>
|
||
#/ 370822–370826].
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FB23FEEAAD47512A" box="[1156,1304,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Slide mounts</emphasis>
|
||
: All stages [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32AE1FFFDE4440FF3AFEC6A8AF5176" box="[157,240,297,323]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">UASM</collectionCode>
|
||
#/ 370807–370821]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFDE4440FF30FC0BA95F5415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335663/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[151,250,996,1021]" targetBox="[151,1436,348,977]" targetPageId="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDE4440FF30FC0BA95F5415" blockId="69.[151,1436,996,1057]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FF30FC0BA97953C8" bold="true" box="[151,294,996,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 184</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FE94FC0AAA4053C9" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[307,543,997,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FE94FC0AAA4053C9" box="[307,543,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa. (184) Abdominal armature. Arrow indicates pleurite (plt). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDE4440FF60FBA1ABFF54CC" blockId="69.[151,1437,1102,2030]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FF60FBA1A91C545C" bold="true" box="[199,323,1102,1129]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bionomics</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDE4440FEF4FBA0AA1A545C" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[339,581,1103,1129]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref54696" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) West Australian Simuliidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1935100015 9" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond (1931: 8)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDE4440FDD9FBA0AC42545C" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[638,1053,1103,1129]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref55766" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras & Mackerras (1949: 384)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FB39FBBFAD47545C" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1182,1304,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FB39FBBFACF0545F" box="[1182,1199,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FB19FBBFAD47545C" box="[1214,1304,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
breeds in a wide range of stream
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988878FFDE4440FE2EFB9BA99754BB" box="[393,456,1140,1166]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. Drummond (
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FDC4FB9CAAE954B8" box="[611,694,1139,1165]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">loc. cit.</emphasis>
|
||
) commented that pupae often form clumps with only the posterior tip of the cocoon attached—a behaviour reminiscent of pupae for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FC3FFB77AC4C5484" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Tonnoir" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[920,1043,1176,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FC3FFB77AC4C5484" box="[920,1043,1176,1201]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">aurantiaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group. Behaviour of adults is unknown—we assume that the female is non-biting of humans, at least; an assumption supported partly by the markedly small teeth only on the medial side of the female mandible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDE4440FF60FAECAD695598" blockId="69.[151,1437,1102,2030]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDE4440FF60FAECA9005528" author="Prince, J." box="[199,351,1283,1309]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref56688" refString="Prince, J. (1980) Resource partitioning in a guild of stream insects. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Western Australia, Perth, 129 pp." type="book" year="1980">Prince (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in an ecological study of simuliids in Jane Brook, a small stream in the Darling Range, WA, found that larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FE94FAC8AA695574" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[307,566,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FE94FAC8AA695574" box="[307,566,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were present from March until December, with peak numbers in March. Fast flow and rocky substrate were attributes of the habitats. No adults were ever taken in the field.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FB62FAA4A92755BC" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FB62FAA4A8B855BC" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furiosum">Austrosimulium furiosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FF55FA9FA92755BC" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[242,376,1391,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">A. bancrofti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FE09FA80AAD755BC" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" box="[430,648,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FE09FA80AAD755BC" box="[430,648,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Simulium ornatipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in the same stream reach.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FBBCFA80ACA955BC" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" box="[1051,1270,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FBBCFA80ACA955BC" box="[1051,1270,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Simulium ornatipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was, however, largely separated in time, being more common in the summer and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDE4440FCD9FA7BAC5E5598" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[894,1025,1427,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furiosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FCD9FA7BAC5E5598" box="[894,1025,1427,1454]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A. furiosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
preferred the slower flows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396551FFDE4443FF60FA59AC5F5152" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDE4443FF60FA59ADD6512A" blockId="69.[151,1437,1102,2030]" lastBlockId="70.[151,1437,152,359]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FF60FA59A90655E4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1462,1489]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDE4440FECBFA58A98D55E4" box="[364,466,1463,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 197" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1987,2012]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,1147,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[228,1359,1112,1965]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 197. Distribution of Austrocnephia tonnoiri species-group (A. fuscoflava, A. orientalis, A. tonnoiri)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335675/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 197</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDE4440FE4EFA57AAE455E7" box="[489,699,1463,1490]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDE4440FE4EFA57AAEB55E4" box="[489,692,1463,1489]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Near Perth, Bullsbrook,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC46FA58AC0855E4" box="[993,1111,1463,1489]" degrees="31.6700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-31.67">S31.6700°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FBC6FA58ACB655E4" box="[1121,1257,1463,1489]" degrees="116.0300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.03">E116.0300°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FB50FA58ADC755E4" box="[1271,1432,1462,1489]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1953-08-16">16 Aug. 1953</date>
|
||
. Four adults. Coll. D.L. McIntosh (ANIC). Jane Brook,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FCA2FA34AB2455C0" box="[773,891,1499,1525]" degrees="31.8808" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-31.8808">S31.8808°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC25FA34AC5555C0" box="[898,1034,1499,1525]" degrees="116.0862" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.0862">E116.0862°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDE4440FBBBFA34ACEF55C0" author="Prince, J." box="[1052,1200,1499,1525]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref56688" refString="Prince, J. (1980) Resource partitioning in a guild of stream insects. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Western Australia, Perth, 129 pp." type="book" year="1980">Prince, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Walyunga National Park.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FF7DFA10A90F562C" box="[218,336,1535,1561]" degrees="31.7300" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-31.73">S31.7300°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FEFFFA10A9BF562C" box="[344,480,1535,1561]" degrees="116.0600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.06">E116.0600°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FE4CFA10AAD8562C" box="[491,647,1535,1562]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2007-05-26">26 May 2007</date>
|
||
. Larvae. Coll. L. Gil-Azevedo (ROM). Perth,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FB34FA10AD56562C" box="[1171,1289,1535,1561]" degrees="31.9400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-31.94">S31.9400°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FAB6FA11ADC6562C" box="[1297,1433,1534,1561]" degrees="115.8500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="115.85">E115.8500°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FF30F9CCA9555608" box="[151,266,1571,1597]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1930-07">July 1930</date>
|
||
. Two adults. Coll. Drummond.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FDD3F9CDAB4D5608" box="[628,786,1570,1598]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1924-11-15">15 Nov. 1924</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25FD53FFDE4440FCB8F9CCABD65608" box="[799,905,1571,1597]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="adult">20 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
. Coll. Nicholson (ANIC). South of Perth, Serpentine Falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FE9EF9A8A9F05654" box="[313,431,1607,1633]" degrees="32.3690" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.369">S32.3690°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FE10F9A9AA605654" box="[439,575,1606,1633]" degrees="116.0065" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.0065">E116.0065°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FDECF9A8AABB5654" box="[587,740,1607,1633]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2002-10-26">26 Oct. 2002</date>
|
||
. Larvae, pupae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Lesmurdie, S.31.9900°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FF30F984A94056B0" box="[151,287,1643,1669]" degrees="116.0300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.03">E116.0300°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FE8EF984A9ED56B0" box="[297,434,1643,1670]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1949-12-09">9 Dec. 1949</date>
|
||
. Larvae, pupae. Coll. D. Saunders (ANIC). Lesmurdie,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FBBCF984ACCE56B0" box="[1051,1169,1643,1669]" degrees="31.9900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-31.99">S31.9900°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FB31F984AD4056B0" box="[1174,1311,1643,1669]" degrees="116.0300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.03">E116.0300°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FA8FF984ADC756B0" box="[1320,1432,1643,1669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1949-10">Oct. 1949</date>
|
||
. Pupae and larvae. Coll. Unknown (ANIC). Lesmurdie Fall,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC96F961ABF8569C" box="[817,935,1678,1705]" degrees="31.9951" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-31.9951">S31.9951°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC09F960AC69569C" box="[942,1078,1679,1705]" degrees="116.0333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.0333">E116.0333°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FB98F960ACE5569C" box="[1087,1210,1679,1705]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1929-09">Sept. 1929</date>
|
||
. Pupae. Coll. A. Tillyard (ANIC). Lesmurdie Plains,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FDACF95CAA2A56F8" box="[523,629,1715,1741]" degrees="32.0000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.0">S32.0000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FDDBF95DAAA756F8" box="[636,760,1714,1741]" degrees="116.0500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.05">E116.0500</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FCA5F95CABD856F8" box="[770,903,1715,1741]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1929-10-01">1 Oct. 1929</date>
|
||
. Coll. Tillyard (WMH). Jarrah Forest, Brookton Highway, Route 40, Kangaroo Gulley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FDFCF938AA8F56C4" box="[603,720,1751,1777]" degrees="32.1181" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.1181">S32.1181°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FD7EF939AB3E56C4" box="[729,865,1750,1777]" degrees="116.1527" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.1527">E116.1527°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FCC9F937AC5E56C4" box="[878,1025,1751,1778]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1996-11-07">7 Nov. 1996</date>
|
||
. Larvae, pupae, reared adults. Coll. J.K. Moulton (UASM). Kelmscott, Route 40, Brookton Highway, Stoney Brook,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FB96F915ACF85720" box="[1073,1191,1786,1813]" degrees="32.1250" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.125">S32.1250°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FB08F914AD685720" box="[1199,1335,1787,1813]" degrees="116.0472" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.0472">E116.0472°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FAE4F914A88D570C" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1996-11-14">14 Nov. 1996</date>
|
||
. Pupae, reared adults. Coll. J.K. Moulton (UASM). Near Perth, Canning Dam, Kangaroo Gulley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FA81F8F0ADC2570C" box="[1318,1437,1823,1849]" degrees="32.1480" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.148">S32.1480°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FF30F8ACA9405768" box="[151,287,1859,1885]" degrees="116.1210" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.121">E116.1210°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FE8BF8ACA9E35768" box="[300,444,1859,1885]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1971-07-11">11 Jul. 1971</date>
|
||
. Larvae. Coll. D. Bedo (ROM). Wungong Brook,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FBA6F8ACAC285768" box="[1025,1143,1859,1885]" degrees="32.1921" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.1921">S32.1921°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FB27F8ACAD575768" box="[1152,1288,1859,1885]" degrees="116.0081" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.0081">E116.0081°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Aug. Larva. Coll. Nicholson (ANIC). South of Perth, Serpentine River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC89F888ABFB57B4" box="[814,932,1895,1921]" degrees="32.3700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.37">S32.3700°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC0DF887AC6657B4" box="[938,1081,1895,1922]" degrees="116.0000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.0">E 116.0000°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FBE4F887ACE657B4" box="[1091,1209,1895,1922]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1972-03">Mar. 1972</date>
|
||
. Pupae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Pinjarra, east of Waroona. Lane Poole Reserve, Icy Creek,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FC2FF864ABA15790" box="[904,1022,1931,1957]" degrees="32.8090" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-32.809">S32.8090°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FBA3F865ACD25790" box="[1028,1165,1930,1957]" degrees="116.0950" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="116.095">E116.0950°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FB31F864AD5E5790" box="[1174,1281,1930,1957]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2005-10">Oct 2005</date>
|
||
. Larvae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Harvey,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FE03F840AA4557FC" box="[420,538,1967,1993]" degrees="33.0760" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-33.076">S33.0760°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FDB8F841AAF857FC" box="[543,679,1966,1993]" degrees="115.9052" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="115.9052">E115.9052°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FD08F85FAB7C57FC" box="[687,803,1967,1994]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1972-03">Mar. 1972</date>
|
||
. Larvae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Margaret River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FA81F840ADC257FC" box="[1318,1437,1967,1993]" degrees="33.9400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-33.94">S33.9400°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FF30F83DA94057D8" box="[151,287,2002,2029]" degrees="115.0700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="115.07">E115.0700°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDE4440FE8EF83CA99D57D8" box="[297,450,2002,2030]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1958-11-10">10 Nov. 1958</date>
|
||
. Adult. Coll. E.F. Riek (ANIC). NW Pemberton, Donnely River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FB32F83CAD5457D8" box="[1173,1291,2003,2029]" degrees="34.1070" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="-34.107">S34.1070°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDE4440FAB6F83DADC657D8" box="[1297,1433,2002,2029]" degrees="115.9900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="5" value="115.99">E115.9900°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDD4443FF30FF76A9535086" box="[151,268,153,179]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1972-03">Mar. 1972</date>
|
||
. Larvae, pupae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Stirling Ranges, Moingup Springs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FB9FFF76ACF15086" box="[1080,1198,153,179]" degrees="34.4100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="-34.41">S34.4100°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FB13FF76AD1D5086" box="[1204,1346,152,179]" degrees="118.1500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="118.15">E 118.1500°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDD4443FAECFF76A88C50E2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2005-10-28">28 Oct. 2005</date>
|
||
. Larvae, pupae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Beedelup National Park, Carey Brook,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FBF4FF52AC9650E2" box="[1107,1225,189,215]" degrees="34.4100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="-34.41">S34.4100°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FB74FF53AD0450E2" box="[1235,1371,188,215]" degrees="115.8000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="115.8">E115.8000°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDD4443FACFFF52A88D50CE" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1972-03">Mar. 1972</date>
|
||
. Pupae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Beedelup National Park, Beedelup Falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FC55FF0EAC3750CE" box="[1010,1128,225,251]" degrees="34.4186" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="-34.4186">S34.4186°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FBC8FF0FACA850CE" box="[1135,1271,224,251]" degrees="115.8688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="115.8688">E115.8688°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. 1972. Larvae. Coll. Zwick (ANIC). Beedelup Falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FD99FEEAAAEB512A" box="[574,692,261,287]" degrees="34.4186" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="-34.4186">S34.4186°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17501DFFDD4443FD1CFEEBAB1C512A" box="[699,835,260,287]" degrees="115.8688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" precision="5" value="115.8688">E115.8688°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF9D101AFFDD4443FCEAFEEAABB7512A" box="[845,1000,260,287]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1958-11-13">13 Nov. 1958</date>
|
||
. Five adults. Coll. E.F. Riek (ANIC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDD4443FF60FEC6AC5F5152" blockId="70.[151,1437,152,359]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDD4443FF60FEC6A9055176" author="Prince, J." box="[199,346,297,323]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref56688" refString="Prince, J. (1980) Resource partitioning in a guild of stream insects. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Western Australia, Perth, 129 pp." type="book" year="1980">Prince (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; her
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDD4443FE35FEC6A98B5176" box="[402,468,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[228,1359,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[228,1359,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Austrocnephia aurantiaca female. (1) Dorsal view of paratype. (Mount Wilson). Image by LHG-A. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Habitus. (Steavenson Falls). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (3) Frontal view of head. (Steavenson Falls). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (4) Antenna, showing flagellum, pedisulcus (pd) and scape (sc). (Brindabella). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Maxillary palp, showing palpomeres III–V, sensory vesicle (s v) and lacinia (lc) (Brindabella). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (6) Mandible (mnd) and lacinia (lc). (Steavenson Falls). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335571/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) mapped some 70 localities for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FCE7FEC6ABE55176" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[832,954,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FCE7FEC6ABE55176" box="[832,954,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from north of Perth to Stirling Range National Park, southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FE21FEA2AA0E5152" box="[390,593,333,359]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but detailed localities were not given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6652FFDD4443FF30FA01AD32561F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335665/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[151,264,1518,1543]" targetBox="[151,1436,432,1498]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDD4443FF30FA01AD32561F" blockId="70.[151,1436,1518,1579]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FF30FA01A9395632" bold="true" box="[151,358,1518,1543]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURES 185–187</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FED6FA01AA035633" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[369,604,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FED6FA01AA035633" box="[369,604,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Austrocnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva. (185) Habitus, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (186) Dorsal view of head, last instar. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (187) Mandible apex. (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396551FFDD4442FF60F9B6AA875496" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDD4443FF60F9B6A8AE56EA" blockId="70.[151,1437,1625,2011]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FF60F9B6A96B5646" bold="true" box="[199,308,1625,1651]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDD4443FEE4F9B6AA845646" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[323,731,1625,1651]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref55766" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras & Mackerras (1949: 380</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 384) originally considered material from Canberra and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334764AFFDD4443FAFEF9B6ADC35646" box="[1369,1436,1625,1651]" name="South Korea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Coree</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ck., ACT, as
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FE97F992A9EE56A2" box="[304,433,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FE97F992A9F256A2" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Drummond" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[304,429,1661,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">A. tonnoiri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but subsequently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDD4443FD21F992AC4456A2" author="Mackerras, M. J. & Mackerras, I. M." box="[646,1051,1660,1687]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="167 - 187" refId="ref55837" refString="Mackerras, M. J. & Mackerras, I. M. (1950) Notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 75, 167 - 187. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109152 # page / 209 / mode / 1 up (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="journal article" year="1950">Mackerras & Mackerras, 1950: 170</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) restricted distribution to Western Australia and considered that the then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FDEDF94EAB55568E" box="[586,778,1697,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FDEDF94EAB55568E" box="[586,778,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cnephia tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consisted of three subspecies,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FBC1F94DAD65568E" box="[1126,1338,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FBC1F94DAC9C568E" box="[1126,1219,1698,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">tonnoiri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FB68F94EAD65568E" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1231,1338,1697,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FAD5F94EA8AE56EA" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FAD5F94EA8B256EA" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscoflava">fuscoflava</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDD4442FF60F906A9B250E2" blockId="70.[151,1437,1625,2011]" lastBlockId="71.[151,1437,153,1187]" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDD4443FF60F906A9275736" author="Rothfels, K. H." box="[199,376,1769,1795]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref57026" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of Black Flies. Annual Revues of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in a cytological examination of Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FCC6F906AC5C5736" authority="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton, 2019" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" box="[865,1027,1769,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FCC6F906AC5C5736" box="[865,1027,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Austrocnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FB94F906ACCD5736" authorityName="A. Rothfels" authorityYear="1979" box="[1075,1170,1769,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FB94F906ACCD5736" box="[1075,1170,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the time), stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FF30F8E2A94E5712" box="[151,273,1805,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FF30F8E2A94E5712" box="[151,273,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred not only in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FDA2F8E2AA8E5712" box="[517,721,1805,1831]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but also
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FC9BF8E2ABF45712" box="[828,939,1805,1831]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
. That distribution has been cited since (
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FACAF8E1ADD15712" box="[1389,1422,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDD4443FF30F8DEA9A0577E" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." box="[151,511,1841,1867]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref54002" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (1997) A New Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies. The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19970503020 (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book" year="1997">Crosskey & Howard, 1997: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of note was that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FD42F8DEAB3E577E" box="[741,865,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FD42F8DEAB3E577E" box="[741,865,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consisted of two chromosomal siblings, but it is not clear if they were separate in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FD87F8BAAAB5575A" box="[544,746,1877,1903]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FC81F8BAABCA575A" box="[806,917,1877,1903]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This latter point is of biogeographical interest, since no material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FE13F896AA7057A6" box="[436,559,1913,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FE13F896AA7057A6" box="[436,559,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FCF0F896AB9A57A6" box="[855,965,1913,1939]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
, given the broadly-based collections (see Distribution(s) given) that have been made there.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FD19F872AB8D5782" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[702,978,1949,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FD19F872AB8D5782" box="[702,978,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Austrocnephia orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, however, widely distributed. Is it possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FEA4F82EA9D357EE" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[259,396,1985,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FEA4F82EA9D357EE" box="[259,396,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDD4443FE17F82EAA4457EE" box="[432,539,1985,2011]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
is more closely related to the Western Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FBE6F82EACE657EE" box="[1089,1209,1985,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FBE6F82EACE657EE" box="[1089,1209,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDD4443FAB5F82EADC357EE" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1298,1436,1985,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDD4443FAB5F82EADC357EE" box="[1298,1436,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the neighbouring mainland? Certainly, larvae of Tasmanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FCCCFF76ABA75086" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[875,1016,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FCCCFF76ABA75086" box="[875,1016,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct from populations on the mainland, as noted previously.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDC4442FF60FF0EA9E2519A" blockId="71.[151,1437,153,1187]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Further, in none of the Mackerras’ work is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FD3AFF0EAB4950CE" box="[669,790,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FD3AFF0EAB4950CE" box="[669,790,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded as occurring in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDC4442FB8AFF0EACC350CE" box="[1069,1180,225,251]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Indeed, they comment that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FF6DFEEAA976512A" authorityName="A. Rothfels" authorityYear="1979" box="[202,297,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FF6DFEEAA976512A" box="[202,297,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material from the peninsula south of Adelaide,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDC4442FCECFEEAABA2512A" box="[843,1021,261,287]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, was not as might be expected of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FA24FEEAA90C5176" authority="tonnoiri" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FA24FEEAA90C5176" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. tonnoiri tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDC4442FE3FFEC6AA3C5176" box="[408,611,297,323]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but was of the eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FCCCFEC6AC065176" authorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" authorityYear="1950" box="[875,1113,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FCCCFEC6AC065176" box="[875,1113,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. tonnoiri orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FBCFFEC6AD735176" author="Prince, J." box="[1128,1324,297,323]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref56688" refString="Prince, J. (1980) Resource partitioning in a guild of stream insects. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Western Australia, Perth, 129 pp." type="book" year="1980">Prince (1980: 71)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also does not report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FEADFEA2A9DC5152" box="[266,387,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FEADFEA2A9DC5152" box="[266,387,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FE17FEA2AAD45152" authority="tonnoiri" box="[432,651,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FE17FEA2AAD45152" box="[432,651,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. tonnoiri tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occurring in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDC4442FC8FFEA2ABC85152" box="[808,919,333,359]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Thence, we are of the opinion that the records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FF12FE9EA97151BE" box="[181,302,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FF12FE9EA97151BE" box="[181,302,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F838FFDC4442FEF6FE9EA9E351BE" box="[337,444,369,395]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
are, for the present, in error.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FCA7FE9EABA251BE" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[768,1021,369,395]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref52542" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. & Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bugledich (1999: 329)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
too has
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FBFEFE9EAC8D51BE" box="[1113,1234,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FBFEFE9EAC8D51BE" box="[1113,1234,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in eastern Australia—again in error?
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDC4442FF60FE56AAA852C6" blockId="71.[151,1437,153,1187]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FF60FE56A93E51E6" author="Colbo, M. H." box="[199,353,441,467]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref52930" refString="Colbo, M. H. (1974) Studies on the biology of the Simuliidae in north Eastern Australia: with reference to their potential as vectors of pathogens. Ph. D. thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 379 pp. Available from: https: // espace. library. uq. edu. au / view / UQ: 36610 0 (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book" year="1974">Colbo (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated the head of a first instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FBB0FE56AD0F51E6" authorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" authorityYear="1950" box="[1047,1360,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tonnoiri" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FBB0FE56AD0F51E6" box="[1047,1360,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Cnephia tonnoiri orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FF30FE32A9F251C2" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[151,429,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FF30FE32A9F251C2" box="[151,429,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Austrocnephia orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That, similar to first instar
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FD56FE32AB2C51C2" box="[753,883,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FD56FE32AB3051C2" box="[753,879,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">A. tonnoiri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dealt with already, possesses labral fans, clearly indicating that, as he noted, these species are not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FD10FDEEAB1A522E" box="[695,837,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Prosimuliini">Prosimuliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The hypostoma is similar in first instar larvae of both species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDC4442FF5EFDCAA939520A" box="[249,358,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 161, 162" captionStartId="61.[151,264,832,857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,184,812]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,812]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 161, 162. Austrocnephia orientalis larva. (161) First and pharate second instar larval hypostoma (hyp). (Purling Brook). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (162) First and pharate second instar larval antennae (ant) and labral fan (lbr f). (Purling Brook). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335649/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDC4442FED3FDCAA9FE520A" box="[372,417,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–194" captionStartId="72.[159,272,1860,1885]" captionTargetBox="[231,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[230,1358,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 190–194. Austrocnephia tonnoiri larva. (190) Pupal gill histoblast. (Kangaroo Gully). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (191) Prothoracic proleg showing small lappets (arrows). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (192) Anal sclerite and circlet of hooks. Arrow indicates campaniform sensilla (c s). (Harvey). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (193) Head of 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 05 mm. (194) Hypostoma, 1st instar larva. (Serpentine). Scale bar 0. = 02 mm. FIGURE 195. Austrocnephia tonnoiri type locality. (195) Lesmurdie Stream, WA. Sept. 2005. Image courtesy of Creative Commons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335671/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">194</figureCitation>
|
||
), showing a developmentally plesiomorphic arrangement for those teeth. Similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FAF9FDCAA94B5256" author="Craig, D. A." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="463 - 476" refId="ref53107" refString="Craig, D. A. (1975) Larvae of Tahitian Simuliidae (Diptera: Nematocera). Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 463 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.4.463" type="journal article" year="1975">Craig (1975: 466</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FEB8FDA6A9CE5256" author="Craig, D. A." box="[287,401,585,611]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="855 - 904" refId="ref53293" refString="Craig, D. A. (1997) A taxonomic revision of the Pacific black fly subgenus Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75, 855 - 904. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 97 - 108" type="journal article" year="1997">1997: 890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) showed that highly apomorphic hypostomal teeth in Tahitian larval simuliids, have, in their first instar larvae, a very similar basic arrangement to that shown here—indicative perhaps that this is a plesiomorphic arrangement for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FE2CFD7EA9AC529E" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[395,499,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Simuliini">Simuliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
larval hypostomas? Be that as it may,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FC0FFD7EAC27529E" author="Colbo, M. H." box="[936,1144,657,683]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref52930" refString="Colbo, M. H. (1974) Studies on the biology of the Simuliidae in north Eastern Australia: with reference to their potential as vectors of pathogens. Ph. D. thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 379 pp. Available from: https: // espace. library. uq. edu. au / view / UQ: 36610 0 (accessed 24 April 2019)" type="book" year="1974">Colbo (1974: 123)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated hypostomas of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FF30FD5AA9EA52FA" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,437,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FF30FD5AA9EA52FA" box="[151,437,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FE4BFD5AAAD152FA" box="[492,654,693,719]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="pestilens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FE4BFD5AAAD152FA" box="[492,654,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Aust. pestilens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
first instar larvae, expressed both as in their respective mature larvae and not in the suggested plesiomorphic state as above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DAFFDC4442FF60FD12AA875496" blockId="71.[151,1437,153,1187]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2BFFDC4442FF60FD12A9EA5322" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[199,437,765,791]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref54696" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) West Australian Simuliidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1935100015 9" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond (1931: 4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in discussing predators of Australian simuliids, commented that for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FB0DFD12AD7D5322" box="[1194,1314,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FB0DFD12ACE45322" box="[1194,1211,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FB6FFD11AD7D5322" box="[1224,1314,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the pupa are clumped and accumulate material, chironomid larvae were often present in and around the cocoons. He suggested that perhaps the chironomid larvae were preying on the simuliids, but in a footnote, comments that Tonnoir suggested the chironomids were merely commensals. We too have noted presence of chironomid larvae in the pupal mats and tend to agree with Tonnoir. Drummond (
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FCACFC62AB015392" box="[779,862,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">loc. cit.</emphasis>
|
||
) further commented that cocoons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FB5DFC62AD2C5392" box="[1274,1395,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FB5DFC62AD2C5392" box="[1274,1395,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very rough with a wide array of foreign material incorporated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDC4442FCF1FC5EABE753FE" box="[854,952,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–183" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1423,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,181,1403]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 181–183. Austrocnephia tonnoiri pupa. (181) Male cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (182) Gill. Some filament tips broken. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (183) Habitus. Female pupa. (Stony Brook). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335661/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 183</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also, that when the cocoons are clumped, often in groups of 10 or more, only the posterior of the cocoon is attached to the substrate (we too have noted this arrangement for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FEE8FC15A9955426" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Tonnoir" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[335,458,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FEE8FC15A9955426" box="[335,458,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">aurantiaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D59FFDC4442FE59FC15AA0E5426" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Gil-Azevedo & Moulton" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras & Mackerras" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[510,593,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAC8FFDC4442FE59FC15AA0E5426" box="[510,593,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">strenua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Cocoons are usually found on stones, rarely on grass, in both fast and slow water (Fig. 195). Also noted was the dichromatic condition of the female eye (Fig. 166) and the marked pigmentation at the r-m veins junction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5FFFDC4442FE4DFBAEAA135469" box="[490,588,1089,1116]" captionStart="FIGURES 175–179" captionStartId="67.[158,271,1851,1876]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[213,1374,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 175–179. Austrocnephia tonnoiri male. (175) Frontal view of head. (Kangaroo Gulley). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (176) Wing spot. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (177) Ventral view of genitalia. Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (178) Gonocoxa (gc), gonostylus (gs), paramere (p) and spines (s). (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (179) Genitalia, slide mounted, basal arms (b a), parameres (p), paramere connector (p c), ventral plate (v p). Paralectotype. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. FIGURE 180. A. tonnoiri pupa. (180) Female cephalic capsule. (Serpentine). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335659/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 176</figureCitation>
|
||
). That latter character, consists of campaniform sensillae located at the base of Rs, plus a concentration of pigmented hairs on R
|
||
<subScript id="17A7349FFFDC4442FD7FFB99AABF54B1" attach="left" box="[728,736,1142,1156]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
|
||
and slight pigmentation of the wing membrane; producing the appearance of three closely adjacent pigment spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |