treatments-xml/data/42/E4/56/42E4561EDAC154CF8A4A4BF65EA2FA6B.xml

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<mods:title id="AB06A6ABAFB395721CACD2713AB5766F">Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of Hogna wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A82219FB91136F2AC0D5119372895402">Crespo, Luis C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="49609B38CA3E1981CB9EDEB1B4429412" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5661</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="44B3546A67481E917006E288FC9C8610">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain &amp; Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4526A8B32CF41B1FF9889284824A030" type="email">luiscarloscrespo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="47B0C6F7E285D6829EA637F888A18F1F">Silva, Isamberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D95EB3C41B4DFFB18CFF2DA65BF123C3">Instituto das Florestas e Conservacao da Natureza IP-RAM, Jardim Botanico da Madeira, Caminho do Meio, Bom Sucesso, 9064 - 512, Funchal, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="45C42952116428FF300557E796060C72">Enguidanos, Alba</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1046E90B6CB43F5D26C1FF3A205DDD69">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="61371D68DACA0560786AF33BBB6C9EBC">Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="919A8848C5FDD285C34B83E8BE58D150">Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DF03D52E855E8685AB23FA539599C0CA">Arnedo, Miquel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="66D575741FDB4DF07CE62EAC204D36D7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1402-4727</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7C8046FD861665B9EDE0C8C495BA4131">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="0F1AB040955B3CB65B63D5DE988BDFE0">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="42E4561EDAC154CF8A4A4BF65EA2FA6B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193383531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:42E4561EDAC154CF8A4A4BF65EA2FA6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/42E4561EDAC154CF8A4A4BF65EA2FA6B" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" scope_family="Lycosidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="2245D426F8222B0BF694874FA69352DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="172FFFB023AB4C38964D80C0065B0FAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="65BB6934D6F5F97D73FA63AFC005A9A0" ID-CoL="3M6L4" LSID="42E4561E-DAC1-54CF-8A4A-4BF65EA2FA6B" authority="(Walckenaer, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">Hogna maderiana (Walckenaer, 1837)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C7C394C3A0E9FEFE3DD88BA20C2707F" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="F75BFF5EEF2422A8B11B5B2C040CDB1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<figureCitation id="E50677272BB5571FA398F247FC9E9837" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figures 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A162384FBCFABA13D01C232D94063D89" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Photograph of H. maderiana. Female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647002" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">, 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A76C0A460F8FCF8E96537CD5C619EF0E" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution of H. maderiana. Black circles: present records; dotted circles: records from only leg samples; black triangles: revised records from literature; white triangles: unconfirmed records from literature." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647003" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">, 23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C4A0A0B0F9D522EEC3D2F2A47143360" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F630A693D84B1A8E9BC9B7E34D6B8631" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="D50CC8BE647FF4F134C77224D9367785" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa tarentuloides subsp. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tarentuloides" subSpecies="maderiana">Lycosa tarentuloides maderiana</taxonomicName>
Walckenaer, 1837: 291 (Df).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="084DD6D58418F1E8480A5D0394AC2E59" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="9BFA0F94B91AA241CAAF477BABD9D9D9" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa tarentuloides subsp. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tarentuloides" subSpecies="maderiana">Lycosa tarentuloides maderiana</taxonomicName>
Blackwall, 1857a: 282 (Dm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37A33C1FE68562146E4EDC65B18A772" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="E8C419033F6842708D7AD1BA77A1DEA7" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Tarentula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarentula maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">Tarentula maderiana</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1864: 350.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61BDCEE0F282FA05EB6A7532F881DFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="0EE90F49720CEC385535AB455FD0F6AA" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">Lycosa maderiana</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1898: 346.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72463D6FF5C5F4DA792B4BCE63F54AE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4B1CABC5242A584DF2171F16BCDF976E" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trochosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochosa maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">Trochosa maderiana</taxonomicName>
Kulczynski, 1899: 426, pl. 9, fig. 119-120 (mf).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="185C2E9CE35B8EE03F8E022B69FD029C" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="FF57126D1E421AFA5CDFCF1A9EEC979B" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Isohogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isohogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">Isohogna maderiana</taxonomicName>
Roewer, 1955: 241.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A5B98E3B87A8C86390E119C304523" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="2853D1BF99EA49D67F3CD3CFC379B041" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Isohogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isohogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">Isohogna maderiana</taxonomicName>
Roewer, 1960: 569, fig. 319a-c (mf).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8CD99920BA5DAE62066D9A3EA9386768" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="A279A9CAFD1A82DD95E0A9F382D19B95" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna schmitzi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzi">Hogna schmitzi</taxonomicName>
Wunderlich, 1992: 462, fig. 721-723 (Dmf). Holotype ♂ examined, Porto Santo, 8-11.VII.1983; leg. K. Groh, stored at SMF, collection number 37639. New synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A820EA50688375656923FFF737F681D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="types">
<paragraph id="CFD7A0385E65888B038E3D2B166418A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5DB8B749F12609356C7C69C9B0F9BFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="7DB227000AE3CC39B68FF7DF410012C2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Holotype</emphasis>
: Not examined, supposed lost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F10E15C5241F2F415328FABB8325419" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F2E8E36822697A85CDB50DCAA9D93089" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2668AE8D7D00D3BFB8FCD6C072B11141" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="202D27ACF8B2892EA900BB58F1BD0959" accessionNumber="SMF37637, SMF63869, SMF34482, SMF36760, SMF37636, SMF37638" collectingDate="1959-03-27" collectingDateMax="2018-04-10" collectingDateMin="1959-03-27" collectorName="de Ferro, K. Groh., I. Silva. Porto Santo, L. Crespo, A. Bellvert, A. Vandel, G. Schmidt, K. Groh, S. W. Bristowe, B. M. Cliffton, W. R. O. Grant" latitude="33.09366" location="Ilheu de Ferro" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-16.30776" municipality="Pico do Facho" specimenCount="44" specimenCount-female="25" specimenCount-juvenile="4" specimenCount-male="15">
<location id="78A589DB583CD82298E80738813B2278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:42E4561EDAC154CF8A4A4BF65EA2FA6B:78A589DB583CD82298E80738813B2278" latitude="33.09366" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-16.30776" municipality="Pico do Facho" name="Ilheu de Ferro">
<normalizedToken id="B19D56705E75682241BEA405275BBE24" originalValue="Ilhéu">Ilheu</normalizedToken>
<collectorName id="D13BC89D81CBAAF59816EB411DF335BA">de Ferro</collectorName>
</location>
• 
<specimenCount id="813DE2D5DC9337807AD598031BB30376" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="DFD4BEC906BA8532E5F1BB3FC9962347" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="6E56353EC945C9683ECC4DC0FB54EC34" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF37637">SMF37637</accessionNumber>
), 
<collectingDate id="EFF18B09E7A90DE4818421936C63D60A" value="1983-07-03">3.VII.1983</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="77DDD6EB8C245776CDB710F14883AB0C">K. Groh.</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="BB49DAB200C4BDAA52F8EED6F4785CEA" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(CRBALC0013), 
<geoCoordinate id="99E89685A15014707C50995C255027D6" degrees="33.03698" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.03698">33.03698°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="81F17E763A94DF7E9B536D407BFED3DD" degrees="16.40814" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-16.40814">16.40814°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate id="D5587D06DA04C6CC5F2A379BD661269C" value="2011-04-06">6.IV.2011</collectingDate>
, hand collecting, leg. 
<collectorName id="67ED95CF2828F82A21506FC66506A2D3">I. Silva. Porto Santo</collectorName>
• Pico Branco, 
<geoCoordinate id="A5D4D6A735F2033766643333B293EC55" degrees="33.09366" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.09366">33.09366°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8269DBBFE40AA97CA09DAAF67C5967A6" degrees="16.30776" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-16.30776">16.30776°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="7B7D1F02EEE95C378DF4461D94DC143B" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(CRBALC0734) and 
<specimenCount id="A6A3972D3E20DAB92C4E2D2EAB1E7510" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(CRBALC0704, CRBALC0717), 
<collectingDate id="C84B473DAF00E99BF8981428631BA2D1" value="2018-04-10">10.IV.2018</collectingDate>
, hand collecting, leg. 
<collectorName id="E6941582C59C68D4B211B674ABE5E1CA">L. Crespo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="E348C4E151C958F9EE5230C40802D7B1">A. Bellvert</collectorName>
; 
<collectingMunicipality id="819F4AC20BE87E7A950F4E1AF2142670">Pico do Facho</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<specimenCount id="A8945BDF0BCBD36BD06B81E9ACCED524" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="BDFC3706F8B0C26E2A8095CF2B226D3C" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF63869">SMF63869</accessionNumber>
), 
<collectingDate id="807F5ECD551827F7724739AD7BD62619" value="1972-10-31">31.X.1972</collectingDate>
; (unknown location), 
<specimenCount id="94C0288D4034CD6528E604EE31C7AF1B" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(MNHNP AR16184), 
<collectingDate id="0E606399D6BCF7436F6B1D075AF7D790" value="1959-03-27">27.III.1959</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="889DAD17FEB2EC3D4473E0AB978AAD3A">A. Vandel</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="E2D6025ECA22F1F378809F35B144FC5E" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="72324DC6300ED222440F242809BEF0DA" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
(FMNHhttp://id.luomus.fi/KN.23945), 
<collectingDate id="D388E8897B6513B2712FF507614CB9AD" value="1959-10-04">4.X.1959</collectingDate>
, 
<specimenCount id="B4964F56F9B0350B5C0C8B77804EC0BC" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="5513C697F4FD511289FFFF49D4FFAE8F" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF34482">SMF34482</accessionNumber>
), 
<collectingDate id="0B688E19AF1E3B82D3077EFACD3BA6CF" value="1983-07">VII.1983</collectingDate>
, 
<specimenCount id="BCD95B854AE9A0CAD7841903DED125BD" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="D319BED2528DCA8AB66CC5DEB1F21934" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF36760">SMF36760</accessionNumber>
), 
<collectingDate id="72DFA01C60778F0FBE9D2AF6C003C40F" value="1985-10-26">26.X.1985</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="3ADA56CF108CE260FE3ACDB5DAAB0736">G. Schmidt</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="1285E8896757F12FBE888C8D5A23CEB6" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="363598046A9B8F7D7D0739EEBF54E3E1" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF37636">SMF37636</accessionNumber>
) and 
<specimenCount id="978A4C7CBBFED88A12663E1AF413C162" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="A0C7E6AAB762B50B9916DFCCC24DA6F5" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF37638">SMF37638</accessionNumber>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="FD44505B7AA3C6D7E0C5628E5CE8C85F">K. Groh</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="818531637ADF98209A48FF2E1EF6FBA7" type="male">8 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="6443AFD8CA7597355AF9B44982FE4EC0" type="female">11 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(NHM, in ethanol), 
<collectingDate id="8275286FF96E17EB3D5747126F91A7CE" value="1962-06">VI.1962</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="E8CAA9D174468FB3478815E086E6BAE9">S.W. Bristowe</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="8F7B906A0955C0B5E8F8DD57E7AA841D" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(NHM), 
<collectingDate id="6BDD28869F73750431BBCD755D2F9223" value="1963-07">VII.1963</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="78DC2E6FC77EB7C3C0C0B785DF3D59AA">B.M. Cliffton</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="8DE46AF2AC7FB8DFD41BAEF16E0158E3" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="68293A6ECD190D88445AF1A67A70C243" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(NHM 1892.7.9.12.17), leg. 
<collectorName id="7DBFA97886D8C8C586B4107103E1B322">W.R.O. Grant</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount id="6A62833090947CD17F9097AEE76B3A3B" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(NHM), 
<collectingDate id="5865735E9841C960423408B1E7AE6D27" value="1964-06-12">12.VI.1964</collectingDate>
, 
<specimenCount id="8F06585D348D4F6E784DDCAE5C438955" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="5E89651BADD08CCFB601CE84EDBA9F81" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(NHM, mounted dry)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ECDF2BB5A03001513BB9C34932794C83" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6FEC8503298B7835DE41E02CB7CB38BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C02B7B44A40CDEFF44EC0890B15CA613" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="8936F832C3DD3363CA7159415F135DA5" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="6D2F978187713BE21A25252CBC78140C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other Madeiran 
<taxonomicName id="B5716588E507FC58F642E49B9DFAA41F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94C745BC9C67D6774CA758688E164A52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a combination of the following characters: the large size (prosoma length&gt; 10 mm), the presence of conspicuous orange setae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D132083C116B05E9078A589AD65B52F5" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Plate with photographs of the lateral view of the leg I for the complex of H. maderiana, H. insularum and their intermediate forms." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647007" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">27A</figureCitation>
), and its genitalia. In males by a combination of a smoothly curved tip of the embolus, a long, blunt ventral spur, and a deeper tegular concavity (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="64810E3584B4431AC0A4C5B679FD36F9" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21A-D</figureCitation>
). In females by epigyne with median septum more than twice as long as wide (at posterior transverse part) (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="5E5805771EE4C36146AD43ED6F584C98" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="4834DD86B71FC6A11500896C50F74CC5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="40F42AAD837665FF8982616128DA13E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="351615114C108564C5D02A183EA11C7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97F9E40DDF419E8C7B2AC525A1B63D88" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="A823B82250D16E95979F0360ABCC0F24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="27B5F25787CC1B5173C17DA1C40AD340" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">A-D</emphasis>
male (CRBALC0734): 
<emphasis id="3B1D044FFBB5F9DCDC4C771B60F45D85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">A</emphasis>
left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) 
<emphasis id="A698EBE0B1B2CD4EFCC26886FB49EF7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">B</emphasis>
detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral 
<emphasis id="41F61FF5E737676E836D3A870B84DE86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">C</emphasis>
SEM image, right male palp, ventral 
<emphasis id="9CC3F0DB50FF0B8FFFCEB9C27982D8CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">D</emphasis>
idem, retroventral 
<emphasis id="BEB529F00F67D5CDE897B133976A123F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">E, F</emphasis>
female (CRBALC0717): 
<emphasis id="6A37DC8C2DC1C5CD2D9621B1D84509A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">E</emphasis>
epigynum, ventral 
<emphasis id="20C55EDBC09ABDCF9E64440154652AA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">F</emphasis>
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="AD1258B57539483FF6E2862C8FFFE60A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">A, B, E, F</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="C3132FC7AADC5F13B2DB5FF6629997BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A7F438EFC6FC18EE264ADAF5027B63C" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="C45C30EE77C09E4B18BB3BBD1F0D5549" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="209DC4759D7778A537CC5084F84BFA89" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="C4F85992AB4E39D04A984DA9E9901FEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Male (CRBALC0734)</emphasis>
: (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="5A6F2447A04E4F4ED924F4CD3304852A" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21D, E</figureCitation>
). Total length: 19.5; carapace: 11.9 long, 8.9 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F32F4A21E116918920B1772164F79EF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="1ED0BE7F60636EAE63643A97F3CD0730" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Colour</emphasis>
: carapace brown, with short black setae covering flanks, short white setae present posteriorly, anteriorly and laterally, long black setae are present anteriorly or scattered around median band; median yellow longitudinal band present but faint, covered with short white setae and scattered long black setae, anteriorly broadened; marginal bands indistinct, made apparent only by the cover of short white setae, long black setae also present laterally; four darker lateral bands visible, but without striae. Chelicerae black, apically dark brown, covered in black and yellow setae. Gnathocoxae very dark orange-brown, labium blackish; sternum brown, medially lighter, but without any stripe. Legs yellow to orange-brown, without annulations, with anterior tibiae, all metatarsi and tarsi dark brown, and covered dorsally with yellow setae (probably orange in living or fresh specimen). Pedipalpal femur, patella, and tibia as legs, cymbium darker, yellow setae present in all segments except femur. Abdomen with a pair of anterolateral black patches, extending laterally into grey flanks; a median yellow lanceolate patch is bordered by few whitish patches; venter greyish, darker near spinnerets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="336B9FF39FC03A85EF5E7CD258BFFD8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="4EB00A7BF2BFFBE45D7110746B603FAD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Eyes</emphasis>
: MOQ: MW = 0.7 PW, MW = 1.2 LMP, MW = 1.2 AW; Cl = 0.5 DAME. Anterior eye row slightly procurved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C411AA8BF1D9009C85EF1C1D327E190" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="43F2436E1FF65739C9FB896FAA320D27" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Legs</emphasis>
: Measurements: Leg I: 36.7, TiI: 8.85; Leg IV: 37.3, TiIV: 8.1; TiIL/D: 4.4. Spination of Leg I: FeI: d1.1.0, p0.0.2; TiI: p1.0.1, r1.0.0, v2s.2s.2s; MtI: p0.0.1, r0.0.1, v2s.2s.1s. MtI with very dense scopulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC2D0EE9E55C05DCF4FFA267E200F5F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="3B5C8CBE13433C66BCFA2BEE159E6C35" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Pedipalp</emphasis>
: cymbium with one prolateral spine and six dark, stout, macrosetae at tip, Fe with two dorsal and an apical row of four spines, Pa with one prolateral spine, Ti with one dorsoprolateral and one prolateral spines. Tegular apophysis with ventral spur long, blunt, with a straight ridge leading to a wide apical point (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2B0E985FB0B4B5923FFED15966AFFDDA" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21A, B</figureCitation>
); terminal apophysis blade-shaped with sharp end (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9C14EBD2B0B2F561E5AFFAC0C9532E40" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21A-D</figureCitation>
); embolus long, with tip directed anterolaterally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="03530C73727CC031BE5E8DF53C524F4F" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21A-D</figureCitation>
); palea small (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CE3D5D3912939A36EAD6A22C0E22AA30" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4537E8B4622B971BD65B37CF4446A4DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="598153AD234A53008A09FCDD43619DF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Female (CRBALC0717)</emphasis>
: (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A8C6CD12ADE114C2320875553A55C47E" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21E, F</figureCitation>
). Total length 23.5; carapace: 11.3 long, 8.3 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0BA39929A822417B42CE4E6B73FC5B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="C98760D925CE5760D7C8124F07817881" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Colour</emphasis>
: overall as in male, with the following differences: median yellow longitudinal band in prosoma clear. Cheliceral setae black. Legs with few faint greyish patches in femora. Abdominal pattern overall greyish, darker near spinnerets, with patches unapparent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2475070750CE1780E097C1484696159A" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="0097E05E2347715A4EBC4542DA93D695" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Eyes</emphasis>
: MOQ: MW = 0.7 PW, MW = 1.1 LMP, MW = 1.2 AW; Cl = 0.4 DAME. Anterior eye row slightly procurved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1684AE4F5CA9248ADDB80E345B314649" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="9AAAFF69D2A00577F25688EF27BFF7F0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Legs</emphasis>
: Measurements: Leg I: 30.3, TiI: 7.2; Leg IV: 33.9, TiIV: 7.4; TiIL/D: 3.5. Spination of Leg I: FeI: d1.1.0, p0.0.2; TiI: 0.1s.0, v2s.2s.2s; MtI: p0.0.1, r0.0.1, v2l.2s.1s. MtI with very dense scopulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E5F35EADA2BF74AB76E67A800EE4816" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="801367D36474404242BAE3D691E194A7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Epigyne</emphasis>
: anterior pockets touching, short, with lateral borders parallel (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="8856F04492B97D639B4579DB4AEB9DA3" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21E</figureCitation>
); anterior pocket cavities deep; median septum with narrow posterior transverse part (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="8BDDDDD0561760EDC66598EF2B2B3548" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21E</figureCitation>
); spermathecae elongated (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="14859158D78CCD630263ACE36B6D00E3" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21F</figureCitation>
); copulatory ducts with very small diverticulum ventrally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="154E0763D5FBAE1701674F57C86E0517" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21F</figureCitation>
); fertilisation ducts emerging at the base of copulatory duct (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FB876A13EBC0546422300A7931737838" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647001" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">21F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3CEAE3BC3490F2B3D92B5EB03F5507A9" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647002" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph id="20502690A217A87D7F092B6D3EE21C14" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="FD1EDA5B2019BF81BCDC1154ECE7EECA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Photograph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C898FA72C56315993F662232354B574" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="3F1C0E4FC75691F5B2DC454CAE7EFAE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89B960180C5C1597A9835EC39B64C0C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph id="D6C7B009164B2E98AE688297A2586239" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19EB38854A14A2511063273E0E9ACAF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Carapace length, males: 11.9-14.4, females: 11.0-11.5.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D30A4A8D24D3836B48CE13DE5928517E" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F11403141D93E0E19EF8E856FCC67962" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87A9352DC7F8A229684B7A7BADBBC1C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
This species is known from the island of Porto Santo and one of its surrounding islets, 
<normalizedToken id="6055D4F48E781F3D43005EEE7F8C7C6B" originalValue="Ilhéu">Ilheu</normalizedToken>
de Ferro (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A65C6769BD9A2A85592A56CB103E4624" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution of H. maderiana. Black circles: present records; dotted circles: records from only leg samples; black triangles: revised records from literature; white triangles: unconfirmed records from literature." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647003" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="639EF83D37A7EA5E0B73CFF2FEADCF27" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647003" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph id="6FE3ABB6A48564CE75EB1679EA244E33" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="E8252F134C30F0EAB752A256FDA12DCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figure 23.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="0C4F34E8CC829B6EA94863A5DF6DDADD" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="89C931C06D1F8C6BEF623F843113462E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Black circles: present records; dotted circles: records from only leg samples; black triangles: revised records from literature; white triangles: unconfirmed records from literature.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D2257E8291A703F2FD6E15A68AF53EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="6D14B7FBAB7E9B2F852D079CE1573489" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00EDD7468D96FEDF8F4AA6C0D1022C35" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="66AF4C69B24DBA2C7826C220CDC3092D" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="B800912BCE1C2DB44FC8554A509E5ED1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in open habitats, such as grasslands, shrubland or sand banks. Very common even in relatively disturbed habitats across Porto Santo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F669E8754BD12F0E410D15A213305A3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="474AFE3E574866AAD51BD26C49C318B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA097C42192BE095FB5336E110A537D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="A56245CBD3946D690442C0C74503095D" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="D38BE84E84C6C18885003870FAE0F66A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria as 
<taxonomicName id="73ADA180812048D612F9246CF0B7F84B" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. schmitzi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzi">
<emphasis id="5D700E3C06282E843E64E814167AA322" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. schmitzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EDC7A6069AB76E530F8284134BD1E11C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T58048645A58061027.en" author="Cardoso, P" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" refId="B18" refString="Cardoso, P, Crespo, LC, Silva, I, Borges, P, Boieiro, M, 2018d. Hogna schmitzi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T58048645A58061027.en" title="Hogna schmitzi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T58048645A58061027.en" year="2018 d">Cardoso et al. 2018d</bibRefCitation>
), with the status of Least Concern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="390A6FB0B98B35ED09F26A16EA941CC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="comments">
<paragraph id="DB37A875B53DE40653823B5AB7490A2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FAC186E0A5FBB4753625CD85AD46A0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
As mentioned above (see remarks on 
<taxonomicName id="5B2D0748068664EC2B2DA4CADDE994DD" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. blackwalli" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blackwalli">
<emphasis id="03B1A7F530A49DEAEF5B752522841063" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. blackwalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the large specimens with striking orange coloration in legs from Porto Santo island and its neighbouring islet 
<normalizedToken id="DB69DB1388036FA95F48EE6829CB8CD2" originalValue="Ilhéu">Ilheu</normalizedToken>
de Ferro were known to pioneer arachnologists. The original, somewhat obscure, description by Walckenaer described a 2.5 cm spider (&quot;1 pouce&quot;) with reddish brown legs (&quot;Pattes rouges, 
<normalizedToken id="1FEA5A364BAA073A03F4D4386FE6F125" originalValue="lavées">lavees</normalizedToken>
de brun en dessus (
<normalizedToken id="FE2EC2DE2E1490EA9C3D10D535909CD0" originalValue="…)”">...)&quot;</normalizedToken>
), from the island of Madeira (&quot;Ile de 
<normalizedToken id="49BBF3B59841096318DF807D90A3B15D" originalValue="Madère”">Madere&quot;</normalizedToken>
). After this, Blackwall was the first to provide a clear description of this taxon, while at the same time stating that it was collected in the island of Porto Santo, not Madeira. Subsequent authors reported additional material from either Porto Santo or 
<normalizedToken id="4B349C6ED49E72793F1A0A540973FDC8" originalValue="Ilhéu">Ilheu</normalizedToken>
de Ferro (
<bibRefCitation id="E89EA3F64413D9FF2EE90FC42EA773BD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308681494" author="Johnson, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" pagination="152 - 155" refId="B40" refString="Johnson, J, 1863. Description of a new species of Lycosa living in the island of Madeira; with some remarks on the Lycosa tarentuloides maderiana Walckenaer. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12: 152 - 155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308681494" title="Description of a new species of Lycosa living in the island of Madeira; with some remarks on the Lycosa tarentuloides maderiana Walckenaer." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308681494" volume="12" year="1863">Johnson 1863</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="93AA5613BAA2FDD350FF7BB1B36C4AD8" author="Kulczynski, W" journalOrPublisher="Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzen Wydzialu Matematyczno Przyrodniczego Akademji Umiejetnosci, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" pagination="319 - 461" refId="B44" refString="Kulczynski, W, 1899. Arachnoidea opera Rev. E. Schmitz collecta in insulis Maderianis et in insulis Selvages dictis. Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzen Wydzialu Matematyczno Przyrodniczego Akademji Umiejetnosci, Krakow 36: 319 - 461" title="Arachnoidea opera Rev. E. Schmitz collecta in insulis Maderianis et in insulis Selvages dictis." volume="36" year="1899">Kulczynski 1899</bibRefCitation>
). Wunderlich considered 
<taxonomicName id="D7E27978BE2B6CF155A2D713D519F54F" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. blackwalli" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blackwalli">
<emphasis id="94DF3E115CC2A2F03D59B97C4462F9FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. blackwalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="1E78E34B4AE895C0A160352EB0D1C579" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="CB111072012A4579FB18B6540FF81ED7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the wrong assumption that previous authors repeatedly misidentified 
<taxonomicName id="BC2C469B5D26ECBD0E449EBC59A7F863" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="2C1E90113A69A1A473F84B7E94B9F3A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Porto Santo, assigning 
<taxonomicName id="627039B2D4FCFC7EE8656B1D35750533" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="B05219F423C34AEFA97888B94CDF69DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the large species with annulated legs from Madeira island. Following synonymy, Wunderlich himself named the large species from Porto Santo as 
<taxonomicName id="89BC94C3DDE5F1AFF85CB4B3699909D0" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. schmitzi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzi">
<emphasis id="6E4D4D31E4DBFD4AEA1F2DC41B1134A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. schmitzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As a matter of fact, the only indication of the presence of a large spider with reddish leg coloration in Madeira island is 
<normalizedToken id="5CFEA7723F452D8987A1077179E20F45" originalValue="Walckenaer’s">Walckenaer's</normalizedToken>
original description. Unfortunately, 
<normalizedToken id="2884D0C7249656B69024966C47A05221" originalValue="Walckenaer’s">Walckenaer's</normalizedToken>
type seems to be lost. However, Simon most likely examined it because he stated that &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="3CFD7D75D489BAAA53DE530F1AD40A1D" lsidName="L. maderiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="722C9739E9340B77A9CE714C380E82E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">L. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walck. est, en grande partie, 
<normalizedToken id="AB45CD87CD9433F5C07FE4A71A34D2B6" originalValue="revêtu">revetu</normalizedToken>
, en dessus, de pubescence courte 
<normalizedToken id="5AAAA3FB476B79A6A99504980C16207C" originalValue="d’un">d'un</normalizedToken>
beau rouge orange.&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="15C3AD1A00B60262EB1084D199483E1D" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" refId="B67" refString="Simon, E, 1898. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret (Ed.), Paris, 193-380." title="Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret (Ed.), Paris, 193 - 380." year="1898">Simon 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 332). The two large species are easy to distinguish, the only misidentification between them being made by Thorell, who identified 
<taxonomicName id="88224E494A3215476489C28BDF67EAB5" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. blackwalli" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blackwalli">
<emphasis id="8609FF6A3579FC10DF43321B462E5431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. blackwalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Madeira as 
<taxonomicName id="5552101220F9F619FB1E15B66E80B8A2" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trochosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochosa maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="FB10B1CD14F75A6400228642B2D58995" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Trochosa maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED0DE9D99FB298A700DB5D9B7D04CD79" author="Thorell, T" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B71" refString="Thorell, T, 1875. Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 13: 1 - 204" title="Descriptions of several European and North African spiders." volume="13" year="1875">Thorell 1875</bibRefCitation>
). We argue that the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="CE9B22A8E9B44A2CC0B760EBED421658" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. maderiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderiana">
<emphasis id="5D08BBCB0D2A442752E8D6A5B9ED2D1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. maderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the island of Madeira reported in 
<normalizedToken id="75185B47AF80F7991D0B05A60D2A8654" originalValue="Walckenaer’s">Walckenaer's</normalizedToken>
original description was likely a labelling mistake or a misinterpretation, and probably referred to the archipelago.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>