197 lines
21 KiB
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197 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="C4100FA208FB34AFC31F3C47C63FBAA1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213507" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38892d63-388e-47c6-b23f-e18e16a1af14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213507" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460475539065" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pérez-González, Sergio & Zaballos, Juan P." docDate="2012" docId="0A5887DCFF8FFA3CFF68EDA7962CAB0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03279p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3279" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Typhlocharis santschii" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="F661FFA4FF82FA33FFFFEB72923AA91C" masterDocTitle="Re-description of two species of Typhlocharis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini) and revision of the models of female genitalia within the genus" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698306628870" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="023FDAC06F6D76D304DB9457DC2D3BB0">
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<mods:title id="67EAE21CF2AA6B67226770EA27A6411D">Re-description of two species of Typhlocharis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini) and revision of the models of female genitalia within the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6133C9DE61F02BD73A99C7C6F40111DA">Pérez-González, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5F56327C46600981E4AD62FEB8B26710">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DA06524CEF0AC0570A69ADD5D5A38970">Zaballos, Juan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="66D2F2D92DE59AAE8F58564EBB433F4B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A9C5D1740758517DBB5087882967647A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="31FC6ED2D0FB4C81A5E865770E306547">
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<mods:date id="8332E9F1A1165AFBD06E5F836A3E853B">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3CEC8D81CABCA27FB2D6D4ACCE55BD2D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A7A0DE06768288206F374FD31AB7B1A9">3279</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="71680928D7FDB8842279DE2378D76AF4">46</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="711515C87EFB4B1AC80520ADB72AC77E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.213507</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6C7CD0B46CA1691D105920596E7C4962" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="267B4A5AE7E78F3A14B7F839A0A8FD31" type="Zenodo-Dep">213507</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0A5887DCFF8FFA3CFF68EDA7962CAB0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5623767" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5623767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5887DCFF8FFA3CFF68EDA7962CAB0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A5887DCFF8FFA3CFF68EDA7962CAB0B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="CAEB6541FF8FFA3EFF68EDA79156AFF2" box="[151,876,1749,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="824E36CAFF8FFA3EFF68EDA79156AFF2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1749,2016]" box="[151,876,1749,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D90681A6FF8FFA3EFF68EDA79156AFF2" bold="true" box="[151,876,1749,1774]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFF68EDA79156AFF2" bold="true" box="[151,876,1749,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
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Implications of
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8FFA3EFEAEEDA493EEAFF2" ID-CoL="59VKN" box="[337,468,1749,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFEAEEDA493EEAFF2" bold="true" box="[337,468,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">T. santschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the biogeography of the genus.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAEB6541FF8FFA3CFF66ED8A962CAB0B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="824E36CAFF8FFA3EFF66ED8A93A4AEFC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1749,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
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The distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8FFA3EFE8FED8B93D5AE0C" box="[368,495,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFE8FED8B93D5AE0C" box="[368,495,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">T. santschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is striking, not only for its remoteness in respect to the rest of the genus, but because morphologically it is closer to species inhabiting the interior of the Iberian Peninsula (
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8FFA3EFB97EC6E96D2AE2F" box="[1128,1256,1819,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="outereloi">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFB97EC6E96D2AE2F" box="[1128,1256,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">T. outereloi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8FFA3EFB08EC6E97AFAE2F" box="[1271,1429,1819,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fozcoaensis">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFB08EC6E97AFAE2F" box="[1271,1429,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">T. fozcoaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, etc.) than to those known in the north of Africa (
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8FFA3EFD41EC4D9162AE4A" box="[702,856,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvanoides">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFD41EC4D9162AE4A" box="[702,856,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">T. silvanoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8FFA3EFC6FEC4D91C1AE4A" box="[912,1019,1855,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8FFA3EFC6FEC4D91C1AE4A" box="[912,1019,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">T. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). This geographical pattern suggests two possible explanations: its presence in
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<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8FFA3EFD8DEC1290FFAE64" box="[626,709,1888,1912]" name="Tunisia" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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could be explained by direct palaeogeographic connections during the Messinian through the dry lands of Mediterranean basin (
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<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8FFA3EFC91ECF09646AE86" author="Rouchy" box="[878,1148,1922,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" refString="Rouchy, J. M. & Caruso, A. (2006) The Mediterranean basin: a re-appraisal of the data and an integrated scenario. Sedimentary Geology, 188, 35 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">Rouchy & Caruso 2006</bibRefCitation>
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; Hsü 1983), or by a gradual range expansion of the genus by dispersal along the north of Africa from the Betic-Rifean massif towards
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<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8FFA3EFF68ECBA92D0AEFC" box="[151,234,1992,2016]" name="Tunisia" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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(Jeannel 1936).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D68E6642FF8CFA3DFF68ED8A915DAEB4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213515/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[180,1403,217,1728]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="824E36CAFF8CFA3DFF68ED8A915DAEB4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1784,1960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFF68ED8A932FAE12" bold="true" box="[151,277,1784,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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Postulated models of gonocoxites in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFCF6ED8A91B6AE12" box="[777,908,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFCF6ED8A91B6AE12" box="[777,908,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Typhlocharis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A)
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFC40ED8A960DAE13" bold="true" box="[959,1079,1784,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Unguiform</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFB93ED8A9735AE13" bold="true" box="[1132,1295,1784,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">unguiform-like</emphasis>
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: (1) Strongly unguiform with big lateral setae in
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFDFBEC6A90BCAE31" box="[516,646,1816,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monastica">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFDFBEC6A90BCAE31" box="[516,646,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. monastica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(modified from Zaballos & Ruíz-Tapiador, 1998); (2) unguiform with small lateral setae in
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFECBEC45938BAE50" box="[308,433,1847,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peregrina">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFECBEC45938BAE50" box="[308,433,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. peregrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(modified from Zaballos & Ruíz-Tapiador, 1998) and
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFC19EC45966EAE50" box="[998,1108,1846,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toletana">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFC19EC45966EAE50" box="[998,1108,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. toletana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(modified from Andújar
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFAA4EC4597ACAE50" box="[1371,1430,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">et. al.</emphasis>
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, 2010); (3) smoothly unguiform with small lateral setae in
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFD0BEC27914AAE76" box="[756,880,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josabelae">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFD0BEC27914AAE76" box="[756,880,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. josabelae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(modified from Ortuño & Gilgado, 2011); (4) unguiform-like in
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFEE4EC0693FFAE95" box="[283,453,1907,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFEE4EC0693FFAE95" box="[283,453,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. quadridentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. B)
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFE09EC0190EEAE95" bold="true" box="[502,724,1906,1929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Tubular gonocoxites</emphasis>
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: (5) short, with lateral setae in
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFBDFEC0696AFAE95" box="[1056,1173,1907,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFBDFEC0696AFAE95" box="[1056,1173,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. santschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; (6) long, without lateral setae in
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8CFA3DFF15ECE19371AEB4" box="[234,331,1939,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8CFA3DFF15ECE19371AEB4" box="[234,331,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">T. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(modified from Zaballos & Pérez-González, 2010b).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="824E36CAFF8DFA3CFF36EBE59632A9EB" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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The first hypothesis is coherent with the current habitat of this species in saline soils, associated to halophile flora (
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<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFF25EBCE93B2A9C8" author="Normand" box="[218,392,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Normand, H. (1915) Coleopteres nouveaux de la faune tunisienne (8 e note). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, pp. 306 - 308." type="book chapter" year="1915">Normand 1915</bibRefCitation>
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), the sort of environment likely present in the open steppe-like habitats of the Mediterranean basin during Messinian crisis (Favre
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFDCAEB93905CA9E4" box="[565,614,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007;
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<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFD44EBAD91C6A9EB" author="Jimenez-Moreno" box="[699,1020,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Jimenez-Moreno, G., Popescu, S. M., Ivanov, D., Suc, J. P. (2007) Neogene flora, vegetation and climate dynamics in southeastern Europe and northeastern Mediterranean according to pollen records. In: Williams, M., Haywood, A. M., Gregory, F. J. & Schmidt, D. N. (Eds) Deep-Time Perspectives on Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies. The Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications. The Geological Society, London, pp. 503 - 516." type="book chapter" year="2007">
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Jiménez-Moreno
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFC7FEB93918BA9E4" box="[896,945,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="824E36CAFF8DFA3CFF36EA769701A89B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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Distribution of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8DFA3CFE14EA769136A800" authority="Bedel, 1896" authorityName="Bedel" authorityYear="1896" box="[491,780,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFE14EA769046A800" box="[491,636,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Pseudanillus</emphasis>
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Bedel,
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<quantity id="45099B2FFF8DFA3CFD2BEA769136A800" box="[724,780,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.81584" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="1896.0">1896</quantity>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8DFA3CFCCDEA7691B2A800" box="[818,904,260,284]" name="Tunisia" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8DFA3CFC6AEA7691D3A800" box="[917,1001,260,284]" name="Algeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8DFA3CFBDEEA7796BCA800" box="[1057,1158,261,284]" name="Morocco" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFB69EA769715A800" author="Jeannel" box="[1174,1327,260,284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Jeannel, R. (1963) Monographie des Anillini, Bembidiides endoges (Col. Trechidae). Memories Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (N. S) Zoologie, 28, 33 - 204." type="journal article" year="1963">Jeannel 1963</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFAC4EA769305A823" author="Zaballos" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Zaballos, J. P. & Banda, E. (2000) Nueva especie de Pseudanillus Bedel, 1896 de Marruecos (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Trechidae: Anillini). Elytron, 13, 165 - 172." type="journal article" year="2000">Zaballos & Banda 2000</bibRefCitation>
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) would reinforce the second hypothesis, due to the potential occupation of the same habitats. The restricted known distribution of the other north African Anillini (
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8DFA3CFC7BEA3E96AEA878" authority="Ehlers, 1883" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1883" box="[900,1172,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Geocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFC7BEA3E91C2A878" box="[900,1016,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Geocharis</emphasis>
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Ehlers, 1883
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8DFA3CFB5EEA3E92EAA89B" authority="Coiffait, 1969" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anillopsidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFB5EEA3E970FA878" box="[1185,1333,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Anillopsidius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFAC1EA3E92EAA89B" author="Coiffait" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Coiffait, H. (1969) Nouveaux Anillini du Maroc et du Sud de la peninsule iberique. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc, 48, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1969">Coiffait, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
) does not provide relevant information about this question (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFC90EA1D9629A89B" author="Zaballos" box="[879,1043,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Zaballos, J. P. (2005) Los Geocharis Ehlers, 1883 de Marruecos y Cadiz (Espana) Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini). Graellsia, 61, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="2005">Zaballos 2005</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFBE0EA1D9715A89B" author="Zaballos" box="[1055,1327,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Zaballos, J. P. & Banda, E. (2000) Nueva especie de Pseudanillus Bedel, 1896 de Marruecos (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Trechidae: Anillini). Elytron, 13, 165 - 172." type="journal article" year="2000">Zaballos & Banda 2000</bibRefCitation>
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|
).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="824E36CAFF8DFA3CFF36EAE7962CAB0B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
|
|
However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="45F14D49FF8DFA3CFEC3EAE693F4A8B0" box="[316,462,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFEC3EAE693F4A8B0" box="[316,462,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Typhlocharis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have never been found in Sicily or southern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8DFA3CFC41EAE691CBA8B0" box="[958,1009,404,428]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Italy</collectingCountry>
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|
despite being well known entomologically. These regions were connected with
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FAE6765AFF8DFA3CFD84EAC590F4A8D3" box="[635,718,439,463]" name="Tunisia" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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|
during the Miocene (Jeannel 1936;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFB97EAC597AEA8D3" author="Azzaroli" box="[1128,1428,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Azzaroli, A. & Guazzone, G. (1979) Terrestrial mammals and land connections in the mediterranean before and during the Messinian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 29, 155 - 167." type="journal article" year="1979">Azzaroli & Guazone 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and possibly the Pleistocene (Jeannel 1936;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E6604B3BFF8DFA3CFD7CEAAE917EA8E8" author="Stock" box="[643,836,476,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" refString="Stock, M., Sicilia, A., Belfiore, N., Buckley, D., Lo Brutto, S., Lo Valvo, M. & Arculeo, M. (2008) Post-Messinian evolutionary relationships across the Sicilian channel: mitocondrial and nuclear markers link a new green toad from Sicily to African relatives. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 56, 19 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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|
Stöck
|
|
<emphasis id="B085EAD8FF8DFA3CFD35EAAF90C0A8E8" box="[714,762,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), which may involve that the expansion to these areas of North Africa has been recent, posterior to the isolation between both regions.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |