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<mods:title id="511D96365977CEAD687838D32BF3998F">A Revision of Philander (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Part 1: P. quica, P. canus, and a New Species from Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="25F8D47418970555B86EA25EF2234A6B">Díaz-Nieto, Juan F.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA8FFFA1237FBC3FCF2FA50" blockId="22.[522,799,1065,1091]" box="[522,799,1065,1091]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="E51B2563FFA8FFFA1237FBC3FCF2FA50" box="[522,799,1065,1091]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1237FBC3FCF2FA50" ID-CoL="6NBK" authority="Brisson, 1762" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[522,799,1065,1091]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1237FBC3FD97FA50" box="[522,634,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Philander</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA12BCFBC3FCF2FA50" author="M. J. Brisson" box="[641,799,1065,1091]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="64 - 71" refId="ref28948" refString="ICZN. 1998. Opinion 1894. Regnum animale ... ed. 2 (M. J. Brisson, 1762): rejected for nomenclatural purposes, with the conservation of the mammalian generic names Philander (Marsupialia), Pteropus (Chiroptera), Glis, Cuniculus, and Hydrochoerus (Rodentia), Meles, Lutra and Hyaena (Carnivora), Tapirus (Perissodactyla), Tragulus and Giraffa (Artiodactyla). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55: 64 - 71." type="journal article" year="1762">Brisson, 1762</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="61572CADFFA8FFFA10A1FB88FF3AFA6F" box="[156,215,1122,1148]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES: 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1173FB8BFD04FA6F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[334,745,1121,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opossum">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1173FB8BFDC4FA68" box="[334,553,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Didelphis opossum</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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, by plenary action of the 
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(
<collectionCode id="D8FD0ACAFFA8FFFA1250FB6DFD5BFAB2" box="[621,694,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN</collectionCode>
, 1998)
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.
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<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA8FFFA10A0FB46FBC9FBB5" blockId="22.[108,1213,1121,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
CONTENTS: Based on evidence summarized in this report, we tentatively recognize the following eight species as valid (synonyms in parentheses): 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA12D0FB3BFBE5FAF8" authority="Osgood, 1913" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" box="[749,1032,1233,1260]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA12D0FB3BFC8FFAFF" bold="true" box="[749,866,1233,1260]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">andersoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1355FB3BFBE5FAF8" author="Osgood, W. H." box="[872,1032,1233,1259]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref29729" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1913. New Peruvian mammals. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series 10: 93 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1913">Osgood, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA142FFB38FF4EFB02" authority="Osgood, 1913" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA142FFB38FBBBFAFF" bold="true" box="[1042,1110,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">canus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1461FB3BFF4EFB02" author="Osgood, W. H." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref29729" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1913. New Peruvian mammals. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series 10: 93 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1913">Osgood, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1115FB1DFE6AFB02" box="[296,391,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">crucialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA11B0FB1DFDC2FB02" author="Thomas, O." box="[397,559,1271,1297]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="602 - 607" refId="ref31297" refString="Thomas, O. 1923. New subspecies of Metachirus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 11: 602 - 607." type="journal article" year="1923">Thomas, 1923</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1207FB1DFC8FFB02" authority="Lew et al., 2006" authorityName="Lew" authorityYear="2006" box="[570,866,1271,1297]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mondolfii">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1207FB1DFD4AFB02" box="[570,679,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mondolfii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1293FB1DFC8FFB02" author="Lew, D. &amp; R. Perez-Hernandez &amp; J. Ventura" box="[686,866,1271,1297]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="224 - 237" refId="ref29270" refString="Lew, D., R. Perez-Hernandez, and J. Ventura. 2006. Two new species of Philander (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) from northern South America. Journal of Mammalogy 87: 224 - 237." type="journal article" year="2006">Lew et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA13A3FB1DFC33FB02" authorityName="Flores, Barquez &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2008" box="[926,990,1271,1297]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olrogi">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA13A3FB1DFC33FB02" box="[926,990,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">olrogi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA13D8FB1DFB5DFB02" author="Flores, D. A. &amp; R. M. Barquez &amp; M. M. Diaz" box="[997,1200,1271,1297]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="14 - 24" refId="ref27960" refString="Flores, D. A., R. M. Barquez, and M. M. Diaz. 2008. A new species of Philander Brisson, 1762 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae). Mammalian Biology 73: 14 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingCountry id="C6FBD29FFFA8FFFA13D8FB1DFBC6FB02" box="[997,1067,1271,1297]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Flores</collectingCountry>
et al., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1051FAF1FDC4FB25" authority="Gardner and Patton, 1972" authorityName="Gardner and Patton" authorityYear="1972" box="[108,553,1307,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcilhennyi">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1051FAF1FF02FB25" bold="true" box="[108,239,1307,1334]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mcilhennyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA10C5FAF6FDC4FB25" author="Gardner, A. L. &amp; J. L. Patton" box="[248,553,1308,1335]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref28217" refString="Gardner, A. L., and J. L. Patton. 1972. New species of Philander (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) and Mimon (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Peru. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology Louisiana State University 43: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1972">Gardner and Patton, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA120AFAF1FCB3FB25" authority="Thomas, 1899" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1899" box="[567,862,1307,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA120AFAF1FD58FB25" bold="true" box="[567,693,1307,1334]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">melanurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1281FAF6FCB3FB25" author="Thomas, O." box="[700,862,1308,1334]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="278 - 288" refId="ref31270" refString="Thomas, O. 1899. Descriptions of new Neotropical mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 4: 278 - 288." type="journal article" year="1899">Thomas, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA13D4FAF6FB9CFB25" box="[1001,1137,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">fuscogriseus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA144AFAF6FF45FB48" author="Allen, J. A." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="191 - 199" refId="ref26699" refString="Allen, J. A. 1900. Descriptions of new American marsupials. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 13 (16): 191 - 199." type="journal article" year="1900">Allen, 1900</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA108FFAA8FECDFB48" box="[178,288,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">grisescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1114FAABFE42FB48" author="Allen, J. A." box="[297,431,1345,1371]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref26730" refString="Allen, J. A. 1901. Descriptions of two new opossums of the genus Metachirus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14 (15): 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="1901">Allen, 1901</bibRefCitation>
; and 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA11CFFAABFDB0FB48" box="[498,605,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">melantho</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA125EFAABFCE4FB48" author="Thomas, O." box="[611,777,1345,1371]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="602 - 607" refId="ref31297" refString="Thomas, O. 1923. New subspecies of Metachirus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 11: 602 - 607." type="journal article" year="1923">Thomas, 1923</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA131CFAA8FBD1FB4F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[801,1084,1345,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opossum">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA131CFAA8FC6AFB4F" bold="true" box="[801,903,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">opossum</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1053FA8DFE8EFB92" authority="Olfers, 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[110,355,1383,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1053FA8DFF26FB92" box="[110,203,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">frenatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA10EFFA8DFE8EFB92" author="Olfers, I." box="[210,355,1383,1409]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="192 - 237" refId="ref29647" refString="Olfers, I. [F. J. M.] von. 1818. Bemerkungen zu Illiger's Ueberblick der Saugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung uber die Welttheile, rucksichtlich der sudamericanischen Arten (Species). In W. L. von Eschwege, Journal von Brasilien, oder Vermischte nachrichten aus Brasilien, auf wissenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt, Abhandlung 10: 192 - 237. Weimar: Im Verlage des Gr. H. S. priv. Landes-Industries-Comptoirs." type="journal article" year="1818">Olfers, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1198FA8DFD25FB92" authority="Olfers, 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[421,712,1383,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1198FA8DFDC3FB92" box="[421,558,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">superciliaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA120AFA8DFD25FB92" author="Olfers, I." box="[567,712,1383,1409]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="192 - 237" refId="ref29647" refString="Olfers, I. [F. J. M.] von. 1818. Bemerkungen zu Illiger's Ueberblick der Saugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung uber die Welttheile, rucksichtlich der sudamericanischen Arten (Species). In W. L. von Eschwege, Journal von Brasilien, oder Vermischte nachrichten aus Brasilien, auf wissenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt, Abhandlung 10: 192 - 237. Weimar: Im Verlage des Gr. H. S. priv. Landes-Industries-Comptoirs." type="journal article" year="1818">Olfers, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA12E2FA8CFC3DFB92" authority="Allen, 1901" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1901" box="[735,976,1382,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA12E2FA8CFCD3FB92" bold="true" box="[735,830,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1375FA8DFC3DFB92" author="Allen, J. A." box="[840,976,1383,1409]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref26730" refString="Allen, J. A. 1901. Descriptions of two new opossums of the genus Metachirus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 14 (15): 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="1901">Allen, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA13E3FA8CFBC5FB92" bold="true" box="[990,1064,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA13E3FA8CFBCFFB92" authority="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa, 2018" authorityName="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa" authorityYear="2018" box="[990,1058,1382,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pebas" status="sp. nov.">pebas</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97ABF366FFA8FFFA140CFA8DFB51FB92" box="[1073,1212,1383,1409]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(described below); and 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1141FA66FD69FBB5" authority="Temminck, 1824" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1824" box="[380,644,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quica">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1141FA66FE50FBB5" bold="true" box="[380,445,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">quica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA11FEFA66FD69FBB5" author="Temminck, C. J." box="[451,644,1420,1446]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="21 - 54" refId="ref31210" refString="Temminck, C. J. 1824. Deuxieme monographie sur le genre sarigue. - Didelphis (Linn.). In Monographies de mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de mammiferes dont les especes ont ete observees dans les differens musees de l'Europe: 21 - 54. Paris: G. Dufour et E. D'Ocogne" type="book chapter" year="1824">Temminck, 1824</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1331FA67FC86FBB5" box="[780,875,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">azaricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA134FFA66FBF5FBB5" author="Thomas, O." box="[882,1048,1420,1446]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="602 - 607" refId="ref31297" refString="Thomas, O. 1923. New subspecies of Metachirus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 11: 602 - 607." type="journal article" year="1923">Thomas, 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA8FFFA10A0FA58FEE1F805" blockId="22.[108,1213,1121,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In the absence of genetic information, we are currently unable to assess the validity of 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA8FFFA1051FA3DFE6CFBE2" authority="Lew et al., 2006" authorityName="Lew" authorityYear="2006" box="[108,385,1495,1521]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deltae">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA1051FA3DFF5FFBE2" box="[108,178,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">deltae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1081FA3DFE6CFBE2" author="Lew, D. &amp; R. Perez-Hernandez &amp; J. Ventura" box="[188,385,1495,1521]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="224 - 237" refId="ref29270" refString="Lew, D., R. Perez-Hernandez, and J. Ventura. 2006. Two new species of Philander (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) from northern South America. Journal of Mammalogy 87: 224 - 237." type="journal article" year="2006">Lew et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA8FFFA11FBFA3DFDCAFBE3" box="[454,551,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">nigratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA120CFA3DFD30FBE2" author="Thomas, O." box="[561,733,1495,1521]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="602 - 607" refId="ref31297" refString="Thomas, O. 1923. New subspecies of Metachirus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 11: 602 - 607." type="journal article" year="1923">Thomas, 1923</bibRefCitation>
, either or both of which might also be good species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6F6C184FFA8FFF610A1F9CBFD33F860" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA8FFFA10A1F9CBFB51F8B8" blockId="22.[108,1213,1121,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
DESCRIPTION: 
<superScript id="49993F47FFA8FFFA1175F9CAFEBCF823" attach="left" box="[328,337,1568,1584]" fontSize="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">7</superScript>
Combined length of adult head and body ca. 
<quantity id="79143FEAFFA8FFFA1347F9CBFBF6F82F" box="[890,1051,1569,1596]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="300.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="250.0">250–350 mm</quantity>
; adult weight ca. 
<quantity id="79143FEAFFA8FFFA10A8F9ADFEFEF872" box="[149,275,1607,1633]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="g" value="490.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="280.0">280–700 g</quantity>
. Rhinarium with one ventrolateral groove on each side of median sulcus; dark circumocular mask present, usually continuous with dark coronal fur; pale supraocular spots present; dark midrostral stripe absent; throat gland absent. Dorsal pelage unpatterned-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA8FFF41051F924FE60F8C2" blockId="22.[108,1119,1742,1766]" lastBlockId="24.[108,1214,1197,1745]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA8FFFA1051F924FF99F8CF" attach="left" box="[108,116,1742,1756]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">7</superScript>
After 
<bibRefCitation id="DA7DEFFEFFA8FFFA1089F924FE14F8F5" author="Voss, R. S. &amp; S. A. Jansa" box="[180,505,1742,1766]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref31624" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 322: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2009">Voss and Jansa (2009: 121–123)</bibRefCitation>
, but including corrections and supplementary observations. grayish or -blackish, or with grayish flanks and black middorsal stripe when fresh (foxing to brownish tones in old museum skins); dorsal underfur gray; dorsal guard hairs usually short (but sometimes much longer middorsally than along flanks in 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA6FFF41393FB12FBA3FB02" authorityName="Gardner and Patton" authorityYear="1972" box="[942,1102,1271,1297]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcilhennyi">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA6FFF41393FB12FBA3FB02" box="[942,1102,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. mcilhennyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); ventral fur variously pigmented (self-whitish or -buffy, gray-based buffy or cream, or entirely grayish; variable within and among species). Manus mesaxonic (dIII&gt; dIV); manual claws about as long as fleshy apical pads of digits; dermatoglyph-bearing manual plantar pads present; central palmar epithelium smooth or sparsely tuberculate; carpal tubercles absent. Pedal digits unwebbed; dIV longer than other pedal digits; plantar surface of heel naked. Pouch present, opening anteriorly; mammae usually 2–1–2 = 5 or 3–1–3 = 7; cloaca present. Tail longer than combined length of head and body, slender and muscular (not incrassate); furred dorsally and ventrally to about the same extent at base; naked caudal integument blackish proximally and abruptly whitish distally (but a few specimens of some species have all-black tails); caudal scales in spiral series, each scale with 4–6 bristlelike hairs emerging from distal margin; ventral caudal surface modified for prehension distally, with apical pad bearing dermatoglyphs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EA93C287FFA9FFFB1050F9F1FDBDF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369474/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[109,151,1563,1584]" targetBox="[186,1138,229,1518]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA9FFFB1050F9F1FDBDF85C" blockId="23.[109,1215,1561,1615]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
FIG. 8. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA9FFFB1242F9F3FCD0F822" box="[639,829,1561,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opossum">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA9FFFB1242F9F3FCD0F822" box="[639,829,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Philander opossum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based primarily on AMNH 266387, an adult female from Paracou, French Guiana).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="EA93C287FFA6FFF41051FBB8FC50FA95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[108,150,1106,1127]" targetBox="[106,1210,224,1080]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA6FFF41051FBB8FC50FA95" blockId="24.[108,1210,1104,1158]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
FIG. 9. Collection localities of examined specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA6FFF412ABFBBAFCDEFA7B" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1824" box="[662,819,1104,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quica">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA6FFF412ABFBBAFCDEFA7B" box="[662,819,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Philander quica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA6FFF41302FBBBFC62FA7B" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,911,1105,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA6FFF41302FBBBFC62FA7B" box="[831,911,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P.canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA6FFF413F5FBBBFBF8FA7B" authorityName="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa" authorityYear="2018" box="[968,1045,1104,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pebas">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA6FFF413F5FBBBFBF8FA7B" box="[968,1045,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. pebas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The symbol for sympatry marks localities where 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA6FFF41180FB85FDE3FA95" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" box="[445,526,1135,1158]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA6FFF41180FB85FDE3FA95" box="[445,526,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA6FFF4127CFB85FD7DFA95" authorityName="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa" authorityYear="2018" box="[577,656,1134,1158]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pebas">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA6FFF4127CFB85FD7DFA95" box="[577,656,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. pebas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected together.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="EA93C287FFA7FFF51050FF0AFBE4FEEB" box="[109,1033,224,249]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[109,183,224,248]">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF51050FF0AFBE4FEEB" blockId="25.[109,1033,224,249]" box="[109,1033,224,249]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
TABLE 6. Morphological and geographical comparisons among three species of 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA7FFF5139EFF0AFBEEFEEB" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[931,1027,224,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA7FFF5139EFF0AFBEEFEEB" box="[931,1027,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Philander</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF511BEFEFDFB93FC66" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<table id="CCEC60AFFFA700131045FEFCFB93FC66" box="[120,1150,278,629]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FEFCFB93FF3F" box="[120,1150,278,300]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFEFCFDACFF3F" box="[387,577,278,300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA7FFF511BEFEFDFE25FF3F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1824" box="[387,456,279,300]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quica">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA7FFF511BEFEFDFE25FF3F" box="[387,456,279,300]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P.quica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="430DF931FFA700131249FEFCFCD9FF3F" box="[628,820,278,300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA7FFF51249FEFDFD51FF3F" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" box="[628,700,279,300]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA7FFF51249FEFDFD51FF3F" box="[628,700,279,300]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P.canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="430DF931FFA700131347FEFCFB93FF3F" box="[890,1150,278,300]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA7FFF51347FEFDFC2DFF38" authorityName="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa" authorityYear="2018" box="[890,960,278,300]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pebas">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA7FFF51347FEFDFC2DFF38" box="[890,960,278,300]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. pebas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FED6FB93FF41" box="[120,1150,316,338]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FED6FE8CFF41" box="[120,353,316,338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ventral pelage</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFED6FDACFF41" box="[387,577,316,338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">self-whitish to -buffy</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FED6FCD9FF41" box="[628,820,316,338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">self-whitish to -buffy</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FED6FB93FF41" box="[890,1150,316,338]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">mostly gray-based</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FE8AFB93FF64" box="[120,1150,352,375]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FE8AFE8CFF64" box="[120,353,352,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">White on taila</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFE8AFDACFF64" box="[387,577,352,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">usually ⅓ to ½</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FE8AFCD9FF64" box="[628,820,352,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">usually ⅓ to ½</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FE8AFB93FF64" box="[890,1150,352,375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">usually &lt;¼</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FE6DFB93FF8E" box="[120,1150,391,413]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FE6DFE8CFF8E" box="[120,353,391,413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P3 labial cingulum</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFE6DFDACFF8E" box="[387,577,391,413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">incomplete</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FE6DFCD9FF8E" box="[628,820,391,413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">complete</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FE6DFB93FF8E" box="[890,1150,391,413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">complete</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FE47FB93FFD0" box="[120,1150,429,451]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FE47FE8CFFD0" box="[120,353,429,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Protocone lingual enamel</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFE47FDACFFD0" box="[387,577,429,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">smooth</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FE47FCD9FFD0" box="[628,820,429,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">smooth</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FE47FB93FFD0" box="[890,1150,429,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">crenulated when unworn</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FE38FB93FFFA" box="[120,1150,466,489]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FE38FE8CFFFA" box="[120,353,466,489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pre- &amp; postcingulab</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFE38FDACFFFA" box="[387,577,466,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">absent</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FE38FCD9FFFA" box="[628,820,466,489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">absent</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FE38FB93FFFA" box="[890,1150,466,489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FE12FB93FC1C" box="[120,1150,504,527]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FE12FE8CFC1C" box="[120,353,504,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Posterior cingulidsc</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFE12FDACFC1C" box="[387,577,504,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">absent</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FE12FCD9FC1C" box="[628,820,504,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">absent</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FE12FB93FC1C" box="[890,1150,504,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FDF4FB93FC5C" box="[120,1150,542,591]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FDF4FE8CFC5C" box="[120,353,542,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Length upper molar row (LM)d</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFDF4FDACFC5C" box="[387,577,542,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.3 ± 0.4 mm</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FDF4FCD9FC5C" box="[628,820,542,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.0 ± 0.4 mm</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FDF4FB93FC5C" box="[890,1150,542,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.8 ± 0.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA700131045FDB5FB93FC66" box="[120,1150,607,629]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="430DF931FFA700131045FDB5FE8CFC66" box="[120,353,607,629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA7001311BEFDB5FDACFC66" box="[387,577,607,629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atlantic Forest</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131249FDB5FCD9FC66" box="[628,820,607,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">widespread</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA700131347FDB5FB93FC66" box="[890,1150,607,629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">western &amp; central Amazonia</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="430A9381FFA7FFF51050FD63FD4BFCE3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[120,1150,278,629]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF51050FD63FD24FCB3" blockId="25.[109,713,649,752]" box="[109,713,649,672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA7FFF51050FD63FF99FC84" attach="left" box="[109,116,649,663]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">a</superScript>
Proportion of unfurred (scaly) part of tail that is whitish distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF51050FD4EFEF0FCA8" blockId="25.[109,713,649,752]" box="[109,285,676,699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA7FFF51050FD4EFF98FCA1" attach="left" box="[109,117,676,690]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">b</superScript>
On upper molars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF51050FD55FEF7FCC5" blockId="25.[109,713,649,752]" box="[109,282,703,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA7FFF51050FD55FF9EFCDE" attach="left" box="[109,115,703,717]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">c</superScript>
On lower molars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF51050FD33FD4BFCE3" blockId="25.[109,713,649,752]" box="[109,678,729,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA7FFF51050FD33FF98FCF4" attach="left" box="[109,117,729,743]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">d</superScript>
Mean plus or minus one standard deviation, sexes combined
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF510A1FCCEFBE2FAA6" blockId="25.[107,1213,804,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Skull in general aspect (
<figureCitation id="26D78E8AFFA7FFF5119FFCCEFE36FD2C" box="[418,475,804,831]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[109,151,1563,1584]" captionTargetBox="[186,1138,229,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[181,1141,224,1536]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 8. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of Philander opossum (based primarily on AMNH 266387, an adult female from Paracou, French Guiana)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369474/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">fig. 8</figureCitation>
) smaller and less robust than that of 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA7FFF51344FCCEFC0DFD2D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[889,992,804,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA7FFF51344FCCEFC0DFD2D" box="[889,992,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Didelphis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which it otherwise resembles). Premaxillary rostral process absent. Nasals short, usually not extending anteriorly above I1 (exposing nasal orifice in dorsal view), and widened posteriorly near maxillary-frontal suture. Maxillary turbinals elaborately branched. Lacrimal foramina usually two on each side, exposed laterally on orbital margin or on face just anterior to orbit. Interorbital region smoothly rounded, without supraorbital beads or crests; short, blunt postorbital processes usually present in large adult specimens. Left and right frontals coossified (midfrontal suture incomplete or absent), but left and right parietals separated by persistent midparietal suture. Parietal and alisphenoid in contact on lateral braincase (no frontal-squamosal contact). Sagittal crest present, well developed on parietals and extending anteriorly onto frontals. Petrosal not laterally exposed through fenestra in squamosal-parietal suture (fenestra absent). Parietal-mastoid contact absent (interparietal narrowly contacts squamosal).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA7FFF510A1FB55FCF7F866" blockId="25.[107,1213,804,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Maxillopalatine and palatine fenestrae present; maxillary fenestrae absent; posterolateral palatal foramina small, not extending anteriorly between M4 protocones; posterior palate (behind toothrows) with prominent lateral corners, the choanae constricted behind. Maxillary and alisphenoid usually separated by palatine on floor of orbit (but maxillary-alisphenoid contact occurs unilaterally or bilaterally in a few specimens). Transverse canal foramen usually present. Alisphenoid tympanic process small and uninflated, usually with broad lamina enclosing extracranial course of mandibular nerve (secondary foramen ovale present), and not contacting rostral tympanic process of petrosal. Anterior limb of ectotympanic indirectly suspended from basicranium (by malleus). Stapes usually triangular with large obturator foramen. Fenestra cochleae exposed (not concealed by rostral and caudal tympanic processes of petrosal). Paroccipital process large, erect, directed posteroventrally. Dorsal margin of foramen magnum bordered by exoccipitals only (incisura occipitalis absent).</paragraph>
<caption id="EA93C287FFA4FFF61050FF08FE63FF04" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[109,183,226,250]">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF61050FF08FE63FF04" blockId="26.[109,1191,226,279]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
TABLE 7. Summary 
<superScript id="49993F47FFA4FFF6117CFF08FE73FEE3" attach="left" box="[321,414,226,250]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">statisticsa</superScript>
for craniodental measurements (mm) of adult male specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA4FFF6147BFF08FF4EFF04" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quica">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA4FFF6147BFF08FF4EFF04" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Philander quica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA4FFF6108DFEEAFEEDFF04" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" box="[176,256,256,279]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA4FFF6108DFEEAFEEDFF04" box="[176,256,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P.canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA4FFF61106FEEAFE65FF04" authorityName="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa" authorityYear="2018" box="[315,392,255,279]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pebas">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA4FFF61106FEEAFE65FF04" box="[315,392,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. pebas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF6115AFED9FB90FD1E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<table id="CCEC60AFFFA400131045FEDBFB60FD1D" box="[120,1165,305,782]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rowsContinueIn="27.[120,1164,303,780]">
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FEDBFB60FF5B" box="[120,1165,305,328]" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131126FEDBFE12FF5B" box="[283,511,305,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA4FFF6115AFED9FE41FF5B" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1824" box="[359,428,307,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quica">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA4FFF6115AFED9FE41FF5B" box="[359,428,307,328]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P.quica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
b
</th>
<th id="430DF931FFA40013125FFEDBFCABFF5B" box="[610,838,305,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA4FFF61290FED9FD18FF5B" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1913" box="[685,757,307,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA4FFF61290FED9FD18FF5B" box="[685,757,307,328]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P.canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
c
</th>
<th id="430DF931FFA400131394FEDBFB60FF5B" box="[937,1165,305,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="79ECE98CFFA4FFF613C9FED9FBD7FF54" authorityName="Voss &amp; Díaz-Nieto &amp; Jansa" authorityYear="2018" box="[1012,1082,306,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pebas">
<emphasis id="8C984E1DFFA4FFF613C9FED9FBD7FF54" box="[1012,1082,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. pebas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
d
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FEB2FB60FF7D" box="[120,1165,344,366]" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FEB2FF40FF7D" box="[120,173,344,366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">CBL</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FEB2FE12FF7D" box="[283,511,344,366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">65.9 ± 4.1 (58.6–74.6) 22</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFEB2FCABFF7D" box="[610,838,344,366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">64.0 ± 2.6 (60.0–70.7) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FEB2FB60FF7D" box="[937,1165,344,366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">70.6 ± 2.8 (65.1–75.4) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FE94FB60FF87" box="[120,1165,382,404]" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FE94FF40FF87" box="[120,173,382,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">NL</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FE94FE12FF87" box="[283,511,382,404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">31.1 ± 1.8 (26.9–34.3) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFE94FCABFF87" box="[610,838,382,404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">29.4 ± 1.3 (26.8–31.4) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FE94FB60FF87" box="[937,1165,382,404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">33.6 ± 1.7 (30.6–36.4) 22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FE49FB60FFA9" box="[120,1165,419,442]" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FE49FF40FFA9" box="[120,173,419,442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">NB</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FE49FE12FFA9" box="[283,511,419,442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">8.0 ± 0.9 (6.8–9.8) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFE49FCABFFA9" box="[610,838,419,442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">7.4 ± 0.9 (5.8–9.0) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FE49FB60FFA9" box="[937,1165,419,442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">7.8 ± 0.8 (6.5–9.8) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FE23FB60FFF3" box="[120,1165,457,480]" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FE23FF40FFF3" box="[120,173,457,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">LIB</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FE23FE12FFF3" box="[283,511,457,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11.7 ± 1.0 (10.1–14.1) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFE23FCABFFF3" box="[610,838,457,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">10.6 ± 0.6 (9.6–11.7) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FE23FB60FFF3" box="[937,1165,457,480]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12.2 ± 0.7 (11.0–13.9) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FE05FB60FC16" box="[120,1165,495,517]" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FE05FF40FC16" box="[120,173,495,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">LPB</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FE05FE12FC16" box="[283,511,495,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">8.5 ± 0.3 (7.8–8.8) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFE05FCABFC16" box="[610,838,495,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">7.9 ± 0.3 (7.4–8.5) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FE05FB60FC16" box="[937,1165,495,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">8.7 ± 0.3 (8.3–9.9) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FDFFFB60FC38" box="[120,1165,533,555]" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FDFFFF40FC38" box="[120,173,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">ZB</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FDFFFE12FC38" box="[283,511,533,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">35.0 ± 3.0 (30.1–40.2) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFDFFFCABFC38" box="[610,838,533,555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">34.0 ± 1.7 (31.4–38.4) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FDFFFB60FC38" box="[937,1165,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">35.8 ± 2.3 (32.0–40.5) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FDD1FB60FC42" box="[120,1165,571,593]" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FDD1FF40FC42" box="[120,173,571,593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PL</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FDD1FE12FC42" box="[283,511,571,593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">38.7 ± 2.1 (34.5–43.4) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFDD1FCABFC42" box="[610,838,571,593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">38.1 ± 1.4 (36.2–41.5) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FDD1FB60FC42" box="[937,1165,571,593]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">43.7 ± 1.5 (40.5–46.3) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FD8AFB60FC64" box="[120,1165,608,631]" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FD8AFF40FC64" box="[120,173,608,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PB</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FD8AFE12FC64" box="[283,511,608,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">19.4 ± 0.7 (18.1–20.9) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFD8AFCABFC64" box="[610,838,608,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">19.3 ± 0.7 (18.2–20.6) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FD8AFB60FC64" box="[937,1165,608,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">20.0 ± 0.8 (18.5–21.9) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FD6CFB60FC8E" box="[120,1165,646,669]" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FD6CFF40FC8E" box="[120,173,646,669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MTR</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FD6CFE12FC8E" box="[283,511,646,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">27.0 ± 1.1 (24.1–29.2) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFD6CFCABFC8E" box="[610,838,646,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">27.4 ± 0.8 (26.4–29.5) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FD6CFB60FC8E" box="[937,1165,646,669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">30.6 ± 0.8 (29.2–32.1) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FD46FB60FCD1" box="[120,1165,684,706]" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FD46FF40FCD1" box="[120,173,684,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">LM</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FD46FE12FCD1" box="[283,511,684,706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12.4 ± 0.5 (11.4–13.2) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFD46FCABFCD1" box="[610,838,684,706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">13.2 ± 0.4 (12.4–13.7) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FD46FB60FCD1" box="[937,1165,684,706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">14.0 ± 0.5 (13.4–15.1) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FD38FB60FCFB" box="[120,1165,722,744]" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FD38FF40FCFB" box="[120,173,722,744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M1–3</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FD38FE12FCFB" box="[283,511,722,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">10.5 ± 0.4 (9.7–11.3) 23</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFD38FCABFCFB" box="[610,838,722,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11.1 ± 0.4 (10.4–11.7) 20</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FD38FB60FCFB" box="[937,1165,722,744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11.7 ± 0.5 (10.9–12.8) 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00DC904DFFA400131045FD12FB60FD1D" box="[120,1165,760,782]" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="430DF931FFA400131045FD12FF40FD1D" box="[120,173,760,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">WM3</th>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131126FD12FE12FD1D" box="[283,511,760,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">4.0 ± 0.2 (3.4–4.4) 20</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA40013125FFD12FCABFD1D" box="[610,838,760,782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">4.1 ± 0.2 (3.7–4.4) 21</td>
<td id="430DF931FFA400131394FD12FB60FD1D" box="[937,1165,760,782]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">4.2 ± 0.2 (3.9–4.5) 27</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="430A9381FFA4FFF61050FCC8FC32FDE7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[120,1165,305,782]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF61050FCC8FDC1FD47" blockId="26.[109,1203,802,1012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA4FFF61050FCC8FF99FD23" attach="left" box="[109,116,802,816]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">a</superScript>
The mean plus or minus one standard deviation, the observed range (in parentheses), and the sample size; see Materials and Methods for measurement abbreviations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF61050FCBDFCFAFDAD" blockId="26.[109,1203,802,1012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA4FFF61050FCBDFF98FD76" attach="left" box="[109,117,855,869]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">b</superScript>
AMNH 61852, 133107; BMNH 2.4.6.37, 2.4.6.38, 3.7.1.108, 3.7.1.109; FMNH 141590; MVZ 182066, 182067, 183246, 183247, 197401; NMW 2638, 2640; USNM 121412, 121414, 293133, 460503, 542920; ZMB 38063, 38069, 38091, 44285. 
<superScript id="49993F47FFA4FFF61050FC67FF9EFD88" attach="left" box="[109,115,909,923]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">c</superScript>
AMNH 135887, 210402, 210410, 210411, 210413, 260037, 261269, 261271, 261272, 261278, 263966; FMNH 114707; MSB 55074, 55075 55854, 55856; USNM 390005, 390010–390012, 390562.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF61053FC28FC32FDE7" blockId="26.[109,1203,802,1012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<superScript id="49993F47FFA4FFF61053FC28FF9BFDC3" attach="left" box="[110,118,962,976]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">d</superScript>
LACM 91622; MUSM 33564, 33566, 33567, 33570, 33572, 33574, 33580, 33583, 33587, 33588, 33590, 33592, 33593, 33597–33600; MVZ 190343, 190344; TTU 98574, 98591, 98592, 98755, 101178, 101192, 101256.
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF610A1FBC0FE57FA7A" blockId="26.[108,1214,1065,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Two mental foramina present on lateral surface of each hemimandible; angular process acute and strongly inflected.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF610A1FB9FFB68FBAA" blockId="26.[108,1214,1065,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Unworn crowns of I2–I5 with much longer anterior than posterior cutting edges. Upper canine (C1) alveolus in premaxillary-maxillary suture; C1 simple, without accessory cusps. First upper premolar (P1) smaller than posterior premolars but well formed and not vestigial; third upper premolar (P3) taller than P2; P3 with posterior cutting edge only; upper milk premolar (dP3) large and molariform. Molars highly carnassialized (postmetacristae conspicuously longer than postprotocristae; relative widths M1 &lt;M2 &lt;M3 &lt;M4; centrocrista only weakly inflected labially on M1–M3; ectoflexus usually distinct only on M3; anterolabial cingulum and preprotocrista discontinuous (anterior cingulum incomplete) on M3; postprotocrista with carnassial notch. Last upper tooth to erupt is M4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE53920FFFA4FFF610A1FA2FFD33F860" blockId="26.[108,1214,1065,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lower incisors (i1–i4) without distinct lingual cusps. Lower canine (c1) erect, acutely pointed, and simple (without a posterior accessory cusp). Second lower premolar (p2) much taller than p3; lower milk premolar (dp3) large and molariform with complete (tricuspid) trigonid. Hypoconid labially salient on m3; hypoconulid twinned with entoconid on m1–m3; entoconid much taller than hypoconulid on m1–m3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>