407 lines
44 KiB
XML
407 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="3FB90DAA165902504DF091C577E208E9" ID-CLB-Dataset="36835" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3815.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="61e18952-5077-4bcd-bfc1-d281b2ff4088" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286258" ID-ZooBank="FADC54BE-301E-40E7-9029-159082652822" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460435734100" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grismer, L. Lee, Quah, Evan S. H., Anuar, Shahrul, Muin, Mohd Abdul, Wood, Perry L. & Nor, Siti Azizah Mohd" docDate="2014" docId="03E5D54AFF83FFE3FF3CFC9CFE80FA06" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03815p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3815 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lycodon cavernicolus Grismer, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Wood & Nor, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFDCAD32FF86FFE9FFABFFE9FF83FFA9" masterDocTitle="A diminutive new species of cave-dwelling Wolf Snake (Colubridae: Lycodon Boie, 1826) from Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698332151175" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="46D29C0E3278F851E6F74DC0EBED36B2">
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<mods:title id="2B0BEA1A277F3772D0F90D89AACD0266">A diminutive new species of cave-dwelling Wolf Snake (Colubridae: Lycodon Boie, 1826) from Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="77F7D8FEDD6D117DC8C19BEFA8FBA959" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="27ECFAFB917B9E8E09B88945AA77328E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="02728005A5C40519A97F58F111D1C267">Grismer, L. Lee</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E7D1F018D1AEE11F3D20B96F87DB4F91" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="74DD58AF800DFD4109111750D56249AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="33E2CBE909525551DD4CE3382FAA6B70">Quah, Evan S. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="18AD7E59B08824B1C549B5337A3343CA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0873433148D23DF1B21465852EC71E39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0B3E8503A827CF7D5773C0900EABF74D">Anuar, Shahrul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="95489AC0224CFDB0C3342FC9B753A177">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DB73F96895C4CFBD4912F55431060293">Muin, Mohd Abdul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="82A09D33BFD67381760718FF9B14894F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="629BD6A72846BB3B5CBE003A945501FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BC905B139FD4B74D6F04423D6E1A8124">Wood, Perry L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DCAAEFD4DB78C4049294DB7F56F96394" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7E271B0C523DFE1F36549020C2C4E2ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5EE1FDFBE7D715E9BCA0F1903CB7DBAC">Nor, Siti Azizah Mohd</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3D4E895344E88144B5CF131847292C4D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7309071F99CE2C2DEB712552EA6FF62B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B86F863B3BA749147C8B94C7A33E27CE">
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<mods:date id="A124F9A4B33285B6C753E7A5668DF856">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1574E82CEC1157FA209F2BE40B5A442F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="271D0C9E3FE146F96FF0267B3FDB9F6D">3815</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="ACEF00E33DCF3549C681B76B82F36085" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2A69FFEAF073B4B38FE7A1D0E69DEE1F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A9C4018C6B7EB6F37BC28C0C5C1743FD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7C5450CBAC664DD57CC23F74589624F1" type="CLB-Dataset">36835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1C2CF227A8CC0E4571E159C04017EB9E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3815.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8DB426AA7A55FF1A404C4047BD1C0356" type="GBIF-Dataset">61e18952-5077-4bcd-bfc1-d281b2ff4088</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B0544531D3A3AD99F30DCB80C3BEFB4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="47F85599FB12123E9EC61AA247AA11CE" type="Zenodo-Dep">286258</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E5D54AFF83FFE3FF3CFC9CFE80FA06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629047" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5D54AFF83FFE3FF3CFC9CFE80FA06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5D54AFF83FFE3FF3CFC9CFE80FA06" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C35637D7FF83FFECFF3CFC9CFF7CFC7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF83FFECFF3CFC9CFD80FC26" blockId="5.[151,515,885,981]" box="[151,515,885,911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0BBD330FF83FFECFF3CFC9CFD80FC26" bold="true" box="[151,515,885,911]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFF3CFC9CFD80FC26" bold="true" box="[151,515,885,911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF83FFECFF3CFC9CFE1DFC26" box="[151,414,885,911]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFF3CFC9CFE1DFC26" bold="true" box="[151,414,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF83FFECFE0EFC9CFD80FC26" box="[421,515,885,911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF83FFECFF3CFC71FF7CFC7C" blockId="5.[151,515,885,981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF83FFECFF3CFC71FF45FC19" box="[151,198,920,944]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Gua</collectingCountry>
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Wang
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<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF83FFECFEBFFC71FEE3FC06" box="[276,352,920,943]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Burma</collectingCountry>
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Wolf Snake
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<figureCitation id="137778D9FF83FFECFF3CFC55FF61FC7C" box="[151,226,956,981]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1417,324,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,301,1857]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (upper) and lateral (lower) head views of the holotype of Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. LSUHC 9985 showing the location of head scales. F = frontal; IF = infralabial; IN = internasal; L = loreal; LAT = lower anterior temporal; LPT = lower posterior temporal; M = mental; MPT = middle posterior temporal; N = nasal; P = parietal; PF = prefrontal; PO = postocular; PP = postparietal; PrO = preocular; R = rostral; SL = supralabial; SO = suprocular; UAT = upper anterior temporal; and UPT = upper posterior temporal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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–5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35637D7FF83FFECFF3CFBEDFE92FB05" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF83FFECFF3CFBEDFE8DFBCC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1028,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFF3CFBEDFE87FBB5" bold="true" box="[151,260,1028,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF83FFECFF3CFBEDFE87FBB5" box="[151,260,1028,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. Adult female (
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<collectionCode id="ED5DFC99FF83FFECFE1EFBEDFD90FBB5" box="[437,531,1028,1052]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">LSUHC</collectionCode>
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9985) collected on
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<date id="FFF2429CFF83FFECFD5FFBEDFC1CFBB5" box="[756,927,1028,1053]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2011-03-12">12 March 2011</date>
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by Evan S.H. Quah and Shahrul Anuar M.S. from
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<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF83FFECFF72FBC1FE8BFBE9" box="[217,264,1064,1088]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Gua</collectingCountry>
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Wang
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<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF83FFECFECAFBC1FE33FB96" box="[353,432,1064,1087]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Burma</collectingCountry>
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, Perlis State Park, Perlis, Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF83FFECFCC7FBCEFC50FBE9" box="[876,979,1063,1088]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(6°
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE78029BFF83FFECFC56FBCEFBE0FBE9" box="[1021,1123,1063,1088]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" precision="55" value="41.594">41.594N</geoCoordinate>
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100°
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<geoCoordinate id="EE78029BFF83FFECFB0AFBC1FA81FBE9" box="[1185,1282,1064,1088]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" precision="55" value="11.4">11.400E</geoCoordinate>
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at
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<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF83FFECFA85FBCEFAF9FB96" box="[1326,1402,1063,1088]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
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in elevation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF83FFECFF6CFB99FE92FB05" blockId="5.[151,1437,1028,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFF6CFB99FEB7FB21" bold="true" box="[199,308,1136,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF83FFECFF6CFB99FEB7FB21" box="[199,308,1136,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. Juvenile male (
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<collectionCode id="ED5DFC99FF83FFECFE45FB99FDCFFB21" box="[494,588,1136,1160]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">LSUHC</collectionCode>
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10500) has the same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF83FFECFC6EFB86FBA4FB21" box="[965,1063,1135,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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except for being collected on
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<date id="FFF2429CFF83FFECFA2BFB99FE8EFB05" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-05-23">23 May 2010</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35637D7FF83FFECFF6CFB5EFC96FA2D" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF83FFECFF6CFB5EFC96FA2D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1028,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFF6CFB5EFEC2FB79" bold="true" box="[199,321,1207,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF83FFECFEECFB51FDBFFB79" box="[327,572,1208,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFEECFB51FDBFFB79" box="[327,572,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFDE8FB51FD1FFB79" bold="true" box="[579,668,1208,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF83FFECFDE8FB51FD1FFB79" box="[579,668,1208,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is separated from all other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF83FFECFBCCFB50FB65FB79" box="[1127,1254,1208,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruhstrati">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFBCCFB50FB65FB79" box="[1127,1254,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">L. ruhstrati</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF83FFECFAB0FB50FA1FFB79" box="[1307,1436,1208,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFAB0FB50FA1FFB79" box="[1307,1436,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">L. fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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groups by having the combination of an elongate loreal scale that enters the orbit; 245 (male) and 232 (female) ventral scales; 113 (male) and 92 (female) paired subcaudal scales; a single precloacal plate; nine or 10 supralabials; 10 or 11 infralabials; a maximum total length of
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<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF83FFECFCCFFACDFC40FA95" box="[868,963,1316,1341]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="508.0">508 mm</quantity>
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for the single female; relative tail length 0.25–0.27; venter immaculate as juveniles and with dark edging on the posterior margins of the ventral scales in adults; and bands in juveniles that are white (Tables 2,3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35637D7FF83FFEEFF6CFA66FAF8F92C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF83FFECFF6CFA66FEB8F86C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1028,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF83FFECFF6CFA66FDE8FA01" bold="true" box="[199,619,1423,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Description of
|
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<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF83FFECFED3FA79FE5CFA01" box="[376,479,1424,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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(
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<figureCitation id="137778D9FF83FFECFE44FA66FDBCFA01" box="[495,575,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1417,324,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,301,1857]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (upper) and lateral (lower) head views of the holotype of Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. LSUHC 9985 showing the location of head scales. F = frontal; IF = infralabial; IN = internasal; L = loreal; LAT = lower anterior temporal; LPT = lower posterior temporal; M = mental; MPT = middle posterior temporal; N = nasal; P = parietal; PF = prefrontal; PO = postocular; PP = postparietal; PrO = preocular; R = rostral; SL = supralabial; SO = suprocular; UAT = upper anterior temporal; and UPT = upper posterior temporal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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–5).
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</emphasis>
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Head flattened anteriorly, distinct from the neck; snout elongate; nostril oval, large, in the middle of the nasal; eye large, with a vertically elliptic pupil; rostral triangular, hardly visible from above; nasal vertically divided by a furrow along posterior margin of nostril; two square internasals, in wide, medial contact, and in contact with two large, subrectangular prefrontals posteriorly; single, azygous, subpentagonal frontal, longer than wide; two large, elongate parietals, contacted laterally by upper anteriror and posterior temporals and a larger paraparietal; 1/1 wide, triangular supraocular; 1/1 small preocular, located above the posterior portion of loreal; 2/2 postoculars of similar size; 1/1 narrow, elongate loreal entering orbit, in contact with second, third, and fourth supralabials ventrally, the prefrontal and preocular dorsally, the nasal anteriorly; 9/10 supralabials all higher than wide except last scale in the series; first and second supralabials in contact with nasal; fourth, fifth, and sixth supralabials entering orbit; seventh supralabial largest; upper row of two (long anterior and short posterior) temporals; lower row of three (two anterior and one posterior) temporals; a middle posterior temporal ventral to upper posterior temporal and dorsal to lower posterior temporal; posterior temporals smaller than anterior temporals; 11/11 infralabials; first pair of infralabials separated medially by deep, medial groove; first five infralabials in contact with first pair of chinshields; anterior and posterior pair of chinshields elongate, generally same size and shape, and bearing a deep, medial groove that is confluent with groove separating first pair of infralabials.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF80FFEFFF6CFF7EFD41FF51" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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Body elongate, somewhat laterally compressed; SVL
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<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF80FFEFFC82FF7EFC09FF06" box="[809,906,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="406.0">406 mm</quantity>
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; TaL
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF80FFEFFC67FF71FBAEFF06" box="[972,1069,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="102.0">102 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TL
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF80FFEFFBCFFF7EFB46FF06" box="[1124,1221,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="508.0">508 mm</quantity>
|
||
. 232 ventrals (plus two preventrals), 92 paired, subcaudals; anal single; dorsal scales in 17–17–15 rows, the eight medial rows weakly keeled; vertebral row not enlarged; no apical pits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3334D4FF80FFEFFF3CF8BFFD8DF84E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[166,1417,324,1840]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF80FFEFFF3CF8BFFD8DF84E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1878,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF80FFEFFF3CF8BFFE96F8C5" bold="true" box="[151,277,1878,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (upper) and lateral (lower) head views of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF80FFEFFC63F8BFFB2BF8C5" box="[968,1192,1878,1900]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF80FFEFFC63F8BFFB2BF8C5" box="[968,1192,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF80FFEFFB1AF8BFFA87F8C5" bold="true" box="[1201,1284,1878,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF80FFEFFB1AF8BFFA87F8C5" box="[1201,1284,1878,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
LSUHC 9985 showing the location of head scales. F = frontal; IF = infralabial; IN = internasal; L = loreal; LAT = lower anterior temporal; LPT = lower posterior temporal; M = mental; MPT = middle posterior temporal; N = nasal; P = parietal; PF = prefrontal; PO = postocular; PP = postparietal; PrO = preocular; R = rostral; SL = supralabial; SO = suprocular; UAT = upper anterior temporal; and UPT = upper posterior temporal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3334D4FF81FFEEFF3CFB7AFD0AFB61" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[152,1434,176,1149]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF81FFEEFF3CFB7AFD0AFB61" blockId="7.[151,1436,1171,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFF3CFB7AFE90FB00" bold="true" box="[151,275,1171,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Left: ventral pattern of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFD02FB7AFC0BFB00" box="[681,904,1171,1193]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFD02FB7AFC0BFB00" box="[681,904,1171,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFC24FB7AFC63FB00" bold="true" box="[911,992,1171,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF81FFEEFC24FB7AFC63FB00" box="[911,992,1171,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
LSUHC 9985. Right: ventral pattern of the paratype LSUHC 10500. Photos by L.L. Grismer
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF81FFEEFF6CFB06FDE6FAD9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1263,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFF6CFB06FDB3FAA1" bold="true" box="[199,560,1263,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Coloration in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137778D9FF81FFEEFE06FB06FD82FAAE" box="[429,513,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1171,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,176,1149]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1435,161,1150]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Left: ventral pattern of the holotype of Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. LSUHC 9985. Right: ventral pattern of the paratype LSUHC 10500. Photos by L. L. Grismer" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, 5).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body and tail nearly uniformly light-brown; body bearing 36 faint, lighter colored bands; tail bearing 29 similarly colored bands; head coloration same as that of the faint bands; venter ground color beige; posterior edges of ventral scales edged in light-brown, generally beginning with ventral scale 40; subcaudals mottled with light-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF81FFEEFF6CFA90FAF8F92C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1263,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFF6CFA90FE4BFA3B" bold="true" box="[199,456,1401,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137778D9FF81FFEEFEE3FA90FE19FA3B" box="[328,410,1401,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1171,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,176,1149]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1435,161,1150]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Left: ventral pattern of the holotype of Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. LSUHC 9985. Right: ventral pattern of the paratype LSUHC 10500. Photos by L. L. Grismer" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, 5).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Differences in scalation and color pattern between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFBE9FA93FB24FA3A" box="[1090,1191,1402,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFB74FA92FAC1FA3A" box="[1247,1346,1403,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and 12 individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFE93FA74FE6AFA1C" box="[312,489,1437,1461]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFE93FA74FE6AFA1C" box="[312,489,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Lycodon butleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from throughout its range are listed in Table 3. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFB84FA77FB0CFA1F" box="[1071,1167,1438,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a hatchling and bears a bold, contrasting, dorsal color pattern similar to that of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFC2CFA56FBB9FA7E" box="[903,1082,1471,1495]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFC2CFA56FBB9FA7E" box="[903,1082,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Lycodon butleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 5). Its venter however, is nearly immaculate unlike the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFE4AFA0BFDC0FA52" box="[481,579,1506,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
whose ventrals are edged posteriorly with dark-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137778D9FF81FFEEFB1AFA0BFB75FA53" box="[1201,1270,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1171,1193]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,176,1149]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1435,161,1150]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Left: ventral pattern of the holotype of Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. LSUHC 9985. Right: ventral pattern of the paratype LSUHC 10500. Photos by L. L. Grismer" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). It also has 45 irregularly shaped, whitish bands with darkened centers on the body and 41 similarly colored caudal bands. A wide, white band covers the occipital and posterior temporal regions. The anterior 11 bands on the body are more widely separated and distinct than the posterior body and caudal bands. Presumably, the banding pattern fades considerably with maturity as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFDADF987FDECF92C" box="[518,623,1645,1669]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFDADF987FDECF92C" box="[518,623,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">L. butleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not to the extent observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFC4EF987FB11F92C" box="[997,1170,1645,1669]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFC4EF987FB11F92C" box="[997,1170,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">L. cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFB32F984FB70F92C" bold="true" box="[1177,1267,1645,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF81FFEEFB32F984FB70F92C" box="[1177,1267,1645,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 5, 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35637D7FF81FFE3FF6CF979FE80FA06" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF81FFEEFF6CF979FB3CF962" blockId="7.[151,1437,1263,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFF6CF979FECDF901" bold="true" box="[199,334,1680,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFDF0F966FD69F90E" box="[603,746,1679,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFDF0F966FD69F90E" box="[603,746,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is an adjective derived from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFB7EF979FAACF90E" box="[1237,1327,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">caverna</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “cave” and the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFE2FF95BFE37F963" box="[388,436,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">cola</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “dweller of” and refers to this species being a cave-dweller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF81FFEEFF6CF93CFAB8F814" blockId="7.[151,1437,1263,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFF6CF93CFE13F944" bold="true" box="[199,400,1748,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Both the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFDB6F93CFDFCF947" box="[541,639,1749,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFD60F93FFCA8F947" box="[715,811,1750,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
were found deep within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF81FFEEFBD3F93CFB24F944" box="[1144,1191,1749,1773]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Gua</collectingCountry>
|
||
Wang
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B24CCFF81FFEEFAA0F93FFAD4F944" box="[1291,1367,1750,1773]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
cave approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF81FFEEFEEBF911FE0BF8A6" box="[320,392,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
from the cave entrance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137778D9FF81FFEEFD0BF91EFD66F8B9" box="[672,741,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,979,1001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,957]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,957]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Microhabitat inside the Gua Wang Burma cave at the type locality in Perlis State Park, Perlis. Photos by L. L. Grismer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286262/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both specimens were found at approximately 1100 hrs. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFF3CF8F3FF7AF89A" box="[151,249,1818,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was observed scaling a vertical wall approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF81FFEEFCF6F8F3FC08F89B" box="[861,907,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground while exploring nooks and crevices. She was gravid but expelled two eggs soon after capture. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF81FFEEFC1BF8D7FB93F8FF" box="[944,1040,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found crawling over a slanting cave wall approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4C9B9FF81FFEEFE1EF889FE61F8DE" box="[437,482,1888,1912]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in a more exposed area. Other species of amphibians and reptiles observed in the cave or near the cave entrance were the bufonid
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFC24F86BFBEFF833" box="[911,1132,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFC24F86BFBEBF833" box="[911,1128,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Phrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">Phrynoides aspera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the gekkonids
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFA8AF86BFD8DF814" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFA8AF86BFE89F814" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biocellata">Cnemaspis biocellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFEBEF84CFD89F814" box="[277,522,1957,1981]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="astrum">Cyrtodactylus astrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF81FFEEFDEFF84CFCB6F814" box="[580,821,1957,1981]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFDEFF84CFCB6F814" box="[580,821,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">C. macrotuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the colubrid
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF81FFEEFC51F84CFAB7F814" box="[1018,1332,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Othriophis taeniurus ridleyi</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF8FFFE0FF3CF849FF73F85A" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<table id="F94C96FCFF8F0016FF3CF849FA1FF85A" box="[151,1436,1952,2035]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<tr id="357C661EFF8F0016FF3CF849FA1FF81F" box="[151,1436,1952,1974]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FF3CF849FDC2F81F" box="[151,577,1952,1974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FF3CF849FE96F81F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1952,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper: holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8FFFE0FE40F849FDC2F81F" box="[491,577,1952,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FE40F849FDC2F81F" box="[491,577,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Lycodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FDE3F849FB34F81F" box="[584,1207,1952,1974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8FFFE0FDE2F849FD49F81F" box="[585,714,1952,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FDE2F849FD49F81F" box="[585,714,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FD7FF849FCA5F81F" bold="true" box="[724,806,1952,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF8FFFE0FD7FF849FCA5F81F" box="[724,806,1952,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
LSUHC 9985. Middle: paratype of
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FB09F848FB34F81F" box="[1186,1207,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">L.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FB14F849FAE4F81F" box="[1215,1383,1952,1974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8FFFE0FB14F849FAC3F81F" box="[1215,1344,1952,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FB14F849FAC3F81F" box="[1215,1344,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF8FFFE0FAE2F849FAE4F81F" box="[1353,1383,1952,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FAE2F849FAE4F81F" bold="true" box="[1353,1383,1952,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FADBF849FA1FF81F" box="[1392,1436,1952,1974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FADBF849FA18F81F" bold="true" box="[1392,1435,1952,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C661EFF8F0016FF3CF856FA1FF87C" box="[151,1436,1983,2005]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FF3CF856FDC2F87C" box="[151,577,1983,2005]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">LSUHC 10500. Photos by E.S.H. Quah.</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FDE3F856FB34F87C" box="[584,1207,1983,2005]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Lower: juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8FFFE0FD5DF829FCDBF87C" box="[758,856,1983,2005]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8FFFE0FD5DF829FCDBF87C" box="[758,856,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">L. butleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
LSUHC 9421 from Bukit Larut,
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FB14F856FAE4F87C" box="[1215,1383,1983,2005]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Perak. Photo by</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FADBF856FA1FF87C" box="[1392,1436,1983,2005]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">L.L.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C661EFF8F0016FF3CF834FA1FF85A" box="[151,1436,2013,2035]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD0F62FF8F0016FF3CF834FDC2F85A" box="[151,577,2013,2035]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Grismer.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3334D4FF8CFFE3FF3CFC3AFF73FBAE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286262/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[151,1435,193,957]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF8CFFE3FF3CFC3AFF73FBAE" blockId="10.[151,1436,979,1031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FF3CFC3AFE96FC40" bold="true" box="[151,277,979,1001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Microhabitat inside the Gua Wang Burma cave at the type locality in Perlis State Park, Perlis. Photos by L.L. Grismer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF8CFFE3FF6CFBC7FC8AFB26" blockId="10.[151,1437,1070,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The gravid
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7DAFEFF8CFFE3FEE1FBC7FE2FFBEE" box="[330,428,1070,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
indicates that the reproductive season of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FC2EFBC6FBFFFBEE" box="[901,1148,1071,1095]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FC2EFBC6FBFFFBEE" box="[901,1148,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FB2FFBC6FB5CFBEE" bold="true" box="[1156,1247,1071,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF8CFFE3FB2FFBC6FB5CFBEE" box="[1156,1247,1071,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
extends through March. The only potential food source we found deep within cave is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FC3FFBBAFB06FBC2" box="[916,1157,1107,1131]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="astrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FC3FFBBAFB06FBC2" box="[916,1157,1107,1131]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Cyrtodactylus astrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(juvelies) which are also known to occur on the cave walls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD19ADFF8CFFE3FDB7FB9FFD7EFB26" author="Grismer" box="[540,765,1142,1167]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" refString="Grismer, L. L., Wood, P. L. Jr., Quah, E. S. H., Shahrul, A., Muin, M. A., Sumontha, M., Norhayati, A., Bauer, A. M., Wangkulangkul, S., Grismer, J. L. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2012) A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa, 3520, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FD2AFB91FD3AFB26" box="[641,697,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3645CFF8CFFE3FF6CFB73FE80FA06" blockId="10.[151,1437,1070,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FF6CFB73FEEEFB1A" bold="true" box="[199,365,1178,1203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FEDCFB72FDF2FB1A" box="[375,625,1179,1203]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FEDCFB72FDF2FB1A" box="[375,625,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FDD0FB72FD5BFB1A" bold="true" box="[635,728,1179,1203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF8CFFE3FDD0FB72FD5BFB1A" box="[635,728,1179,1203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguishable from all species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FB6CFB72FAAAFB1A" box="[1223,1321,1179,1203]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruhstrati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FB6CFB72FAAAFB1A" box="[1223,1321,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">ruhstrati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by having a single loreal scale that enters the orbit as opposed to the loreal scale not entering the orbit. From the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FE97FB0AFE23FB52" box="[316,416,1251,1275]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FE97FB0AFE23FB52" box="[316,416,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group it differs by having more ventral scales (232–245 vs. 182–227 collectively); more subcaudal scales in the male (113 vs. 65–92 collectively); a much smaller adult female total length (508 vs. 615–762 collectively); more caudal bands (29–41 vs. 7–23 collectively); and a belly pattern that lacks wide, dark bands or dark spots (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CE51E7FF8CFFE3FED5FAA7FE55FACE" box="[382,470,1358,1383]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,153,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1405,240,664]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic characters separating Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. from other species in the fasciatus group. Abbreviations are listed in the Materials and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3334D4FF83FFECFF3CFF70FD3CFF7A" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="DF3334D4FF83FFECFF3CFF70FD3CFF7A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FE40FAA6FD63FACE" box="[491,736,1359,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cavernicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FE40FAA6FD63FACE" box="[491,736,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Lycodon cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FD43FAA6FCC2FACE" bold="true" box="[744,833,1359,1383]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B0535FF8CFFE3FD43FAA6FCC2FACE" box="[744,833,1359,1383]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is further separated from its closest relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C1FDFFF8CFFE3FA9FFAB9FA1FFACE" box="[1332,1436,1359,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FA9FFAB9FA1FFACE" box="[1332,1436,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">L. butleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the loreal and internasals being separat as opposed to contacting and having an uncorrected
|
||
<emphasis id="B938B84EFF8CFFE3FB63FA9DFB55FA22" box="[1224,1238,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance of 9.3% (Table 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |