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<document id="ED5C6E3AA5536B0E74A5CADD981DDD8D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c28e10d-e12c-4399-9bd1-bac99bac1fb4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702869" ID-ZooBank="1A3B7CFF-292B-46AB-82E8-C78BA34618EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849282720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M. &amp; Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2020" docId="03E31B7A5911FFB7FF6CFF4FBB8AF89D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothynus entellus" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FFDA63025902FFA4FFFBFFD5BE17FB1B" masterDocTitle="Bothynus entellus (LePeletier &amp; Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1698726678812" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="1389352B422A20DD1D131AFB935EDC58" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="55E2AE516BFEB3C721AF14CDC80597BA">Bothynus entellus (LePeletier &amp; Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA7297DFC0E4D96B8EFC9C59C3FE0BB0">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81EA53612E027998776018F12B2503AB">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="12C9EEB4B52AB5938423FDE18B5F298B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="85D15CC44A8C4EA346B1656DB431E778">2020-03-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="81C72C746B6C48D044DCE04CEB114DE3">4750</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E31B7A5911FFB7FF6CFF4FBB8AF89D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706219" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5911FFB7FF6CFF4FBB8AF89D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E31B7A5911FFB7FF6CFF4FBB8AF89D" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75911FFB7FF6CFF4FBA9BFBE0" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFF4FBCFFFBAF" blockId="19.[151,744,153,180]" box="[151,744,153,180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<heading id="D0BD1D005911FFB7FF6CFF4FBCFFFBAF" bold="true" box="[151,744,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFF4FBCFFFBAF" bold="true" box="[151,744,153,180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
Key to males of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FE9BFF4CBC2DFBAF" box="[352,570,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entellus">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FE9BFF4CBC2DFBAF" bold="true" box="[352,570,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus entellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFF34BA9BFBE0" blockId="19.[151,1164,225,251]" box="[151,1164,225,251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Males have pronotal horns, pronounced pronotal excavations, and enlarged anterior claws.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75911FFB7FF6CFEF3BB8AF89D" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="key">
<keyStep id="30BEB2C95911FFB7FF6CFEF3BB8BFAD5" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFEF3BB8BFA6D" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFEF3BB8BFA6D" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFEF3BEBDFA20" bold="true" box="[151,170,294,315]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">1.</emphasis>
Pronotum with 2–3 horns (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FE12FEF3BC57FA20" box="[489,576,294,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bothynus entellus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C–D, minor males, dorsal view; E, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702871/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDB7FEF3BC7CFA27" box="[588,619,294,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">3A</figureCitation>
), or only with a small (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FCA8FEF3BD88FA27" box="[851,927,294,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1420,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bothynus araya. A, Male dorsal view; B, male, lateral view, C, female, dorsal view; D, hypomeron, ventral view (convergent, arrow); E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex short, arrow); F, mesofemora (smooth area, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702879/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) to moderate (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FBCBFEF3BA6AFA27" box="[1072,1149,294,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,212,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1427,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothynus stenelus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, major male, lateral view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex elongate, arrow); F, metatrochanter, ventral view (rounded apex, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702873/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) apical tubercle; if moderate, apical tubercle with rounded apex; mesofemora with setae confine on disc (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FC4BFE96BDEFFA42" box="[944,1016,323,345]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1420,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bothynus araya. A, Male dorsal view; B, male, lateral view, C, female, dorsal view; D, hypomeron, ventral view (convergent, arrow); E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex short, arrow); F, mesofemora (smooth area, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702879/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
); tergite VII with 2 bands of weakly marked carinae (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FECFFEB4BF95FA6C" box="[308,386,353,375]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1691,1716]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,196,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1417,181,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tergite VII, detail of the stridulatory area (carinae, arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. araya; C, B. lancifer. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702883/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); parameres without laterovental contraction at apical half (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FC46FEB4BA1EFA6C" box="[957,1033,353,375]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,727,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,705,1941]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Aedeagus in lateral view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer (lateroventral contraction, arrow); E, B. araya; F, B. condacki. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702887/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
)...............................
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FA6BFEB4BB8BFA6D" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,353,374]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFEABBB8BFAD5" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFEABBB8BFAD5" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFEABBE88FA88" bold="true" box="[151,159,382,403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">-</emphasis>
Pronotal tubercle strong, horn shaped, acute on apex (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FD26FEABBD3DFA8F" box="[733,810,382,404]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1422,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer. A, Male, dorsal view; B, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); mesofemora completely setose (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FB90FEABBAA2FA8F" box="[1131,1205,382,404]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1422,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer. A, Male, dorsal view; B, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); tergite VII with 1 band of well-marked carinae (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FE35FE4EBC0EFAAA" box="[462,537,411,433]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1691,1716]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,196,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1417,181,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tergite VII, detail of the stridulatory area (carinae, arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. araya; C, B. lancifer. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702883/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
); parameres with lateroventral contraction at apical half in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FB35FE4EBB03FAAA" box="[1230,1300,411,433]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,727,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,705,1941]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Aedeagus in lateral view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer (lateroventral contraction, arrow); E, B. araya; F, B. condacki. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702887/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig.9D</figureCitation>
)................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FBC9FE6DBB8BFAD5" authority="Dechambre, 1981" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1981" box="[1074,1436,440,462]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FBC9FE6DBB8BFAD5" bold="true" box="[1074,1436,440,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FBC9FE6DBAF3FAD5" bold="true" box="[1074,1252,440,462]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5911FFB7FB11FE6CBB8BFAD5" author="Dechambre, R. - P." box="[1258,1436,441,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref11111" refString="Dechambre, R. - P. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Dynastidae dela region neotropicale (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, New Series, 3, 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1981">Dechambre, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BEB2C95911FFB7FF6CFE03BB8BF958" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFE03BB8BF913" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFE03BB8BF913" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFE03BEBEFAF0" bold="true" box="[151,169,470,491]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">2.</emphasis>
Pronotum strongly convex posteriorly in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FD1CFE03BD26FAF7" box="[743,817,470,492]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,212,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1427,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothynus stenelus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, major male, lateral view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex elongate, arrow); F, metatrochanter, ventral view (rounded apex, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702873/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); pronotum only with an apical tubercle moderate in size; protarsomere IV with elongate ventral apex nearly reaching the apex of the ventro-basal tooth of tarsomere V (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FB34FE26BB0FF912" box="[1231,1304,499,521]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,212,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1427,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothynus stenelus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, major male, lateral view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex elongate, arrow); F, metatrochanter, ventral view (rounded apex, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702873/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).........
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FA6BFE26BB8BF913" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,499,520]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFDC4BB8BF958" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFDC4BB8BF958" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFDC4BE88F93D" bold="true" box="[151,159,529,550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">-</emphasis>
Pronotum moderately convex (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDF6FDC4BC4EF93D" box="[525,601,528,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1420,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bothynus araya. A, Male dorsal view; B, male, lateral view, C, female, dorsal view; D, hypomeron, ventral view (convergent, arrow); E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex short, arrow); F, mesofemora (smooth area, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702879/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), or with a horn (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FCF8FDC4BD4EF93D" box="[771,857,529,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bothynus entellus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C–D, minor males, dorsal view; E, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702871/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FC9FFDC4BD95F93C" box="[868,898,529,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">3A</figureCitation>
) or tubercle (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FBFDFDC4BA4DF93D" box="[1030,1114,529,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bothynus entellus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C–D, minor males, dorsal view; E, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702871/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FB9EFDC4BA95F93C" box="[1125,1154,529,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">3C</figureCitation>
) on each side); protarsomere IV with short ventral apex, not reaching the base of the ventro-basal tooth of tarsomere V (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FBB3FDFBBA87F95F" box="[1096,1168,558,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1420,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bothynus araya. A, Male dorsal view; B, male, lateral view, C, female, dorsal view; D, hypomeron, ventral view (convergent, arrow); E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex short, arrow); F, mesofemora (smooth area, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702879/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
)....................
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FA6BFDFBBB8BF958" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,558,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BEB2C95911FFB7FF6CFD9EBB8AF9A2" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFD9EBB8AF965" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFD9EBB8AF965" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFD9EBEBEF97B" bold="true" box="[151,169,587,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">3.</emphasis>
Metatrochanter with rounded apex (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDC1FD9EBC93F97A" box="[570,644,587,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,212,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1427,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothynus stenelus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, major male, lateral view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex elongate, arrow); F, metatrochanter, ventral view (rounded apex, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702873/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); parameres with subparallel outer margins (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FBD4FD9EBA6FF97A" box="[1071,1144,587,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
)............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FBDFFDBDBB8AF965" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1060,1437,616,638]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenelus">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FBDFFDBDBB8AF965" bold="true" box="[1060,1437,616,638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FBDFFDBDBACFF965" bold="true" box="[1060,1240,616,638]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus stenelus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5911FFB7FB1EFDBDBB82F965" author="Burmeister, H." box="[1253,1429,616,638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refId="ref11083" refString="Burmeister, H. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Band V. Enslin, Berlin, 584 pp." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFD53BB8AF9A2" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFD53BB8AF9A2" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFD53BE88F980" bold="true" box="[151,159,646,667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">-</emphasis>
Metatrochanter with acute apex (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDE5FD53BC7EF987" box="[542,617,646,668]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1982,2007]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,1267,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[170,1417,1245,1957]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bothynus condacki. A, Male, dorsal view; B, metatrochanter, ventral view (acute apex, arrow). Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702881/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
); parameres with rounded lateral flaps (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FC1CFD53BA39F987" box="[999,1070,646,668]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
)........................................................................................
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FC57FD76BB8AF9A2" bold="true" box="[940,1437,675,697]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FC57FD76BB0BF9A2" authority="Duarte &amp; Grossi" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2020" box="[940,1308,675,697]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="condacki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FC57FD76BA7DF9A2" bold="true" box="[940,1130,675,697]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus condacki</emphasis>
Duarte &amp; Grossi
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DCB055911FFB7FADDFD71BB8AF9A2" box="[1318,1437,675,697]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BEB2C95911FFB7FF6CFD14BB8BF80B" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFD14BB8BF9CD" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" box="[151,1436,704,727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFD14BB8BF9CD" box="[151,1436,704,727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFD14BEBEF9CD" bold="true" box="[151,169,705,726]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">4.</emphasis>
Pronotum with moderate (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FE25FD14BC3FF9CC" box="[478,552,705,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[203,1384,181,1935]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bothynus entellus. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C–D, minor males, dorsal view; E, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702871/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) or shallow (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FD53FD14BCE4F9CD" box="[680,755,704,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1420,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bothynus araya. A, Male dorsal view; B, male, lateral view, C, female, dorsal view; D, hypomeron, ventral view (convergent, arrow); E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex short, arrow); F, mesofemora (smooth area, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702879/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) concavity; hypomeron not emarginate in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FAF4FD14BB4DF9CD" box="[1295,1370,704,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1420,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bothynus araya. A, Male dorsal view; B, male, lateral view, C, female, dorsal view; D, hypomeron, ventral view (convergent, arrow); E, male protarsus, lateral view (ventral apex short, arrow); F, mesofemora (smooth area, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702879/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
)...
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FA6BFD14BB8BF9CD" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,705,726]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFD0BBB8BF80B" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFD0BBB8BF80B" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFD0BBE88F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,159,734,755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">-</emphasis>
Pronotal concavity extremely deep (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDC6FD0BBC9DF9EF" box="[573,650,734,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); hypomeron strongly emarginate in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FB8AFD0BBAAEF9EF" box="[1137,1209,734,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
)............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FB9AFD2EBB8BF80B" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[1121,1436,763,785]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FB9AFD2EBB8BF80B" bold="true" box="[1121,1436,763,785]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FB9AFD2EBB0EF80B" bold="true" box="[1121,1305,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5911FFB7FAE5FD2EBB8BF80B" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[1310,1436,763,784]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" pagination="35 - 58" refId="ref10784" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1937) Systematic notes on beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, with descriptions of a few species in the British Museum Collection (Coleoptera). The Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 35 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1937. tb 00246. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Arrow, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BEB2C95911FFB7FF6CFCCCBB8AF89D" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFCCCBB8AF857" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFCCCBB8AF857" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFCCCBEBEF835" bold="true" box="[151,169,793,814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">5.</emphasis>
Stridulatory apparatus with well-marked carinae near to basal margin (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FC85FCCCBDDEF835" box="[894,969,793,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1691,1716]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,196,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1417,181,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tergite VII, detail of the stridulatory area (carinae, arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. araya; C, B. lancifer. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702883/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
); apical half of parameres with subparallel lateral flaps, narrower than basal half (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDE9FCE3BC4DF857" box="[530,602,822,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
)..............................
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FC36FCE3BB8AF857" bold="true" box="[973,1437,822,844]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FC36FCE3BB0BF857" authority="Duarte &amp; Grossi" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2020" box="[973,1308,822,844]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FC36FCE3BA7DF850" bold="true" box="[973,1130,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus araya</emphasis>
Duarte &amp; Grossi
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DCB055911FFB7FADDFCE3BB8AF857" box="[1318,1437,822,844]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5911FFB7FF6CFC81BB8AF89D" blockId="19.[151,1437,294,903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30BB09595911FFB7FF6CFC81BB8AF89D" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FF6CFC81BE88F872" bold="true" box="[151,159,852,873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">-</emphasis>
Stridulatory apparatus with weakly marked carinae near to basal margin (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FC6CFC86BDF4F872" box="[919,995,851,873]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1691,1716]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,196,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1417,181,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tergite VII, detail of the stridulatory area (carinae, arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. araya; C, B. lancifer. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702883/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); apical half of parameres with rounded lateral flaps, broader than basal half (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95911FFB7FDFEFCA4BC47F89C" box="[517,592,881,903]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
)..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5911FFB7FC39FCA5BB8AF89D" authority="(LePeletier &amp; Serville, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="LePeletier &amp; Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[962,1437,880,902]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entellus">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FC39FCA5BB8AF89D" bold="true" box="[962,1437,880,902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5911FFB7FC39FCA5BA63F89D" bold="true" box="[962,1140,880,902]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Bothynus entellus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5911FFB7FB7BFCA5BB82F89D" author="LePeletier, A. L. M. &amp; Serville, J. G. A." box="[1152,1429,880,902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" pagination="346 - 383" refId="ref11451" refString="LePeletier, A. L. M. &amp; Serville, J. G. A. (1828) Scarabe, Scarabaeus. In: Latreille, P. A., LePeletier, A. L. M., Serville, J. G. A. &amp; Gueirin-Meineville, F. F. (Eds.), Encyclopedie methodique. Dictionaire des insectes. Tome Dixieme. Livraison 2. Mme Veuve Agasse, Paris, pp. 346 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1828">LePeletier &amp; Serville, 1828</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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