235 lines
26 KiB
XML
235 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="CE23CFE750C5D2E9C4EF207B6EE8189B" ID-CLB-Dataset="7056" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e2f997e-5d4b-4153-ba58-80893e45257a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715114" ID-ZooBank="86ECDC4F-60D6-463D-B583-5FF12F1E7618" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619169582965" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takano, Hitoshi, László, Gyula M. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2021" docId="038C3D00C6631574EEB938F07C7CD2DD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4964.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4964 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Junonia westermanni subsp. splendens" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="591" masterDocId="FFB54578C6661572EE2E3C5B7911D058" masterDocTitle="Notes on some Tanzanian butterfly specimens in the Suffert Collection: a case of patria falsa" masterLastPageNumber="597" masterPageNumber="585" pageNumber="590" updateTime="1699442282889" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="55F286184BF77CFFBFA59632D4FDD12B">
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<mods:title id="E7870926293D175B8C45FE9C5B438A22">Notes on some Tanzanian butterfly specimens in the Suffert Collection: a case of patria falsa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BCA7BCE584A18BD2C92DCC64317387ED" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B6CAAF0859F7CD5A9723A749135B5E5C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E40C371FD0EEDCC12EBE2064D6B118FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D2CAEFA95EDD482C378B69090AD625C">Takano, Hitoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B23CB8C11559846673305AA45150453" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2627-4881</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A8ECC5EE2345CD216925E7582CD56DA">African Natural History Research Trust, Street Court, Kingsland, Leominster, Herefordshire, HR 6 9 QA, UK & hitoshi. takano @ anhrt. org. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2627 - 4881</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2976A0F8D1C1682900BE4207E67DD1C6" type="email">hitoshi.takano@anhrt.org.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2A35F4D00D28BD300F8BE10E57E23D38" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="682A48C13923E5105AB41AF3FE9A0695">László, Gyula M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8F409AE03B76CE98B27B92983D8CF2CE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9862-8290</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8BAF95EE4CA40253533BEE68148665F8">African Natural History Research Trust, Street Court, Kingsland, Leominster, Herefordshire, HR 6 9 QA, UK & gyula @ anhrt. org. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9862 - 8290</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="072CCC5D0FA0D6EE123AF9AA7CC8FE5F" type="email">gyula@anhrt.org.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="702008AB55E3B54FCF406B5D570F8E18">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="35EF9BEE9DC3E598EFA681FE1F26D491">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFB4FC024AD5236CEA8DBFE05C63E014">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3A230AAD7A91DF1A89DEE95C86C43961">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B61B9FF432ACE1B9BC0C11168B52CCBE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6C9F75BA7E4896117E7505A16D7F9BDD">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6D759EFE4645748B1D7A1F75DD7C6FF8">2021-04-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A599497280AA2120CC9121A20C10FA64">4964</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038C3D00C6631574EEB938F07C7CD2DD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181879882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6631574EEB938F07C7CD2DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C3D00C6631574EEB938F07C7CD2DD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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<subSubSection id="C33FDF9DC6631577EEB938F07BF8D49C" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6631577EEB938F07BF8D49C" blockId="5.[151,745,1194,1221]" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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<heading id="D0D23B7AC6631577EEB938F07BF8D49C" bold="true" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6631577EEB938F07BF8D49C" ID-CoL="5J6R5" authority="(Schmidt, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Junonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="westermanni" subSpecies="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577EEB938F07BF8D49C" bold="true" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577EEB938F07B0CD49D" bold="true" box="[151,541,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Junonia westermanni splendens</emphasis>
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(Schmidt, 1921)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6631577EEB938A87AC7D6E5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1267,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6631577EEB938A8785AD555" author="Kielland, J." box="[151,331,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" refId="ref8470" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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gives the distribution of this taxon as ‘eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6631577ED4F38A87AD8D555" box="[865,969,1267,1293]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, from Usambara to Lindi’. This is a very
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<subSubSection id="C33FDF9DC6631577EEB9394C7AC7D6E5" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="description">
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rare butterfly which is likely restricted to the forests of the East Usambara Mountains and has not been caught in 70 years despite being an area that has generally been well-sampled. Kielland himself did not collect any specimens of this taxon
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<superScript id="7C50215EC6631577EF0A39057825D534" attach="left" box="[292,308,1374,1388]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">22</superScript>
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and his distribution is likely based on the specimens in NHMUK. This taxon was described by Carl
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<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6631577EEB939D87C8DD5C5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829312" box="[151,1436,1411,1437]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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Wilhelm Schmidt based on
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<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6631577EFFB39D87B2FD5C5" box="[469,574,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
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specimens from ‘Bulwa, Ost-Usambara’. The
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<collectionCode id="ED3414D3C6631577EA7B39D87DAED5C5" box="[1109,1215,1411,1437]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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collection contains
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6631577EEB939FC7D96D599" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829313" box="[151,1159,1447,1473]" location="Suffert's" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6631577EEB939FC782CD599" box="[151,317,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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of this taxon. A female example from
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<location id="8EFADACDC6631577ECC239FC7A5DD599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6631574EEB938F07C7CD2DD:8EFADACDC6631577ECC239FC7A5DD599" box="[748,844,1447,1473]" name="Suffert's" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Suffert’s</location>
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collection labelled: ‘// west
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6631577EABF39FC7C8DD599" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829309" box="[1169,1436,1447,1473]" location="Tanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tanga">
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<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6631577EABF39FC7DB7D599" box="[1169,1190,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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/
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<collectingRegion id="49E142F4C6631577EA9539FC7C12D599" box="[1211,1283,1447,1473]" country="Tanzania" name="Tanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Tanga</collectingRegion>
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. [handwritten
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</materialsCitation>
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||
in Suffert’s hand; label with black border and trimmed at base (illustrated in
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<figureCitation id="131E9093C6631577EDDA39907D20D5BD" box="[1012,1073,1482,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[305,1303,1036,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-325@3.[392,1196,1036,1756]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Handwritten locality labels in Suffert’s hand. 1. holotype female of Charaxes maudei. 2. paratype female of Charaxes pembanus usambarae 3. male specimen of Papilio hornimani hornimani. 4. paratype male of Acraea excelsior usambarae. 5. female specimen of Junonia westermanni splendens. 6. male specimen of Graphium illyris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)] // Ex. Coll. / Suffert. / 1912. // Joicey / Bequest. / Brit.Mus. / 1934–120. //’. The catalogue lists
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<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6631577ED5639B47D03D651" box="[888,1042,1519,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
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<superScript id="7C50215EC6631577EA3F39B57D30D5A4" attach="left" box="[1041,1057,1518,1532]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">23</superScript>
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of this species and this female is likely to be the single specimen listed under ‘
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<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577ECB23A487A4ED674" box="[668,863,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Westermanni var.</emphasis>
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’. The second specimen is a male labelled as being from ‘Lindi’ also from the Joicey Bequest but originally belonging in the collection of Georges Édouard Brabant. Brabant’s collection was purchased by Eugène Le Moult and sold to Joicey in 1920. This specimen carries the fol- lowing labels: ‘//
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<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6631577EF753A2478A3D6C1" box="[347,434,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Junonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Junonia</taxonomicName>
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/ westermanni /
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<collectingRegion id="49E142F4C6631577EC453A247BB9D6C1" box="[619,680,1663,1689]" country="Tanzania" name="Lindi" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Lindi</collectingRegion>
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[handwritten in Brabant’s hand (illustrated in
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<figureCitation id="131E9093C6631577EA853A247DF7D6C1" box="[1195,1254,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1889,1913]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7–8: handwritten labels in Brabant’s hand: 7. holotype male of Charaxes pembanus usambarae. 8. male specimens of Junonia westermanni splendens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10082495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10082495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">fig. 8</figureCitation>
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)] // 67. 20. / Ex. Coll. / Ed. Brabant. / 1920. // Joicey / Bequest. / Brit.Mus. / 1934–120. //’.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6631577EEB93A947870D77C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1267,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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21 Suffert purchased butterflies from Rolle, naming one of them after him,
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<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6631577ED9F3A947DD9D6BF" authority="Suffert, 1904" authorityName="Suffert" authorityYear="1904" box="[945,1224,1743,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Alaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rollei">
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<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577ED9F3A947D26D6BF" box="[945,1079,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Alaena rollei</emphasis>
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Suffert, 1904
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</taxonomicName>
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. He also described a new ‘birdwing’ from Sumatra,
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<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6631577EFD13AB57A73D75E" authority="Suffert, 1903" authorityName="Suffert" authorityYear="1903" box="[511,866,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Ornithoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zacheri">
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<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577EFD13AB57BC7D75E" box="[511,726,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Ornithoptera zacheri</emphasis>
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Suffert, 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on material purchased from and named in honour of Carl Zacher.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6631577EEB93B707D7ED73A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1267,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6631577EEB93B707D7BD73A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829305" collectionCode="NHMUK, ABRI" country="Tanzania" county="Butterflies" location="The" municipality="Jan Kielland" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" specimenCount="2">
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22
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||
<location id="8EFADACDC6631577EEE93B7079FFD71B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6631574EEB938F07C7CD2DD:8EFADACDC6631577EEE93B7079FFD71B" box="[199,238,1835,1859]" country="Tanzania" county="Butterflies" municipality="Jan Kielland" name="The" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">The</location>
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<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6631577EEDB3B707830D71B" box="[245,289,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">type</typeStatus>
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||
specimens of the new taxa described by
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFE166CC6631577ECEC3B707A50D71B" box="[706,833,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Jan Kielland</collectingMunicipality>
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||
as part of his research for
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||
<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577EA7F3B707C26D71B" box="[1105,1335,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
|
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<collectingCounty id="62FBF49AC6631577EA7F3B707DAAD71B" box="[1105,1211,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Butterflies</collectingCounty>
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of
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||
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6631577EAF53B777C26D71B" box="[1243,1335,1836,1859]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
are in the
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<collectionCode id="ED3414D3C6631577EEE93B117836D739" box="[199,295,1866,1889]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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||
collections whilst the majority of the non-type material is in the
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<collectionCode id="ED3414D3C6631577ED993B117AE5D73A" box="[951,1012,1866,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">ABRI</collectionCode>
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collections
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6631577EEB93B3378C1D7A3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1267,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6631577EEB93B3378DDD7A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829303" collectionCode="NHMUK, ZMHB" collectorName="Major Alexander von Homeyer" country="Angola" location="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
23 Of the
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<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6631577EF3E3B33788AD7D8" box="[272,411,1896,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
listed in the catalogue, only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6631577ECEB3B327A32D7D8" box="[709,803,1896,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens of the nominate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6631577EA6B3B327C0ED7D8" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1870" box="[1093,1311,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Junonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westermanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9515004C6631577EA6B3B327C0ED7D8" box="[1093,1311,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Junonia westermanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reached the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3414D3C6631577EEE93BDC7836D7C6" box="[199,295,1927,1950]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
collections. Both specimens are from Pungo Andongo in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6631577ED5C3BDC7AACD7C7" box="[882,957,1927,1951]" name="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
and are likely to have been collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6631577EB703BDC78D2D7E6" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Major Alexander von Homeyer</collectorName>
|
||
on the Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung Äquatorial-Afrikas expedition in 1874. Although the majority of Homeyer’s specimens are in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3414D3C6631577ECA03B9E7BCBD784" box="[654,730,1989,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">ZMHB</collectionCode>
|
||
, Suffert had in his collection specimens from Homeyer’s private collection (Suffert 1904: 32)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEE93CCC7C9CD1F5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
|
||
Brabant certainly had genuine Usambara specimens in his collection, the specimens that were chosen as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EEB93CE079E8D08D" box="[151,249,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EF1C3CE0789DD08D" box="[306,396,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EF9D3CE07D14D08D" authority="van Someren & Jackson, 1952" authorityName="van Someren & Jackson" authorityYear="1952" box="[435,1029,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EF9D3CE07BB2D08D" box="[435,675,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Charaxes usambarae</emphasis>
|
||
van Someren & Jackson, 1952
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being two. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EA913CE07C30D08D" box="[1215,1313,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is labelled thus: ‘// Type / H T [white disc with red border] //
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574ECED3C847A3AD0A1" box="[707,811,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Charaxes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ ethalion
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6601574ED8F3C847AA7D0A1" box="[929,950,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
/ Usambara [handwritten in Brabant’s hand (illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E9093C6601574EF1B3D587862D145" box="[309,371,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1889,1913]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7–8: handwritten labels in Brabant’s hand: 7. holotype male of Charaxes pembanus usambarae. 8. male specimens of Junonia westermanni splendens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10082495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10082495/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
)] // 67. 20. / Ex. Coll. / Ed. Brabant. / 1920. // Joicey / Bequest. / Brit.Mus. / 1934–120. //
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EB5C3D5879CFD119" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Charaxes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ pembanus / ssp. / usambarae / van Som & Jackson /
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6601574ED0E3D7C7A24D119" box="[800,821,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574ED143D7C7AB1D119" box="[826,928,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
//’. A specimen from the Suffert collection was also included in the type series. A female
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EC733D107BAAD13D" box="[605,699,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
carries the following labels: ‘// Para- / type [white disc with yellow border] // Usambara [handwritten in Suffert’s hand; green card (illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E9093C6601574EDDA3D347D23D1D1" box="[1012,1074,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[305,1303,1036,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-325@3.[392,1196,1036,1756]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Handwritten locality labels in Suffert’s hand. 1. holotype female of Charaxes maudei. 2. paratype female of Charaxes pembanus usambarae 3. male specimen of Papilio hornimani hornimani. 4. paratype male of Acraea excelsior usambarae. 5. female specimen of Junonia westermanni splendens. 6. male specimen of Graphium illyris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715124/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)] // Ex. Coll. / Suffert. / 1912. // Joicey / Bequest. / Brit.Mus. / 1934–120. //
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EC5B3DC87BCAD1F5" box="[629,731,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Charaxes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ pembanus / usambarae / van Som & Jackson /
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6601574EAC33DC87C13D1F5" box="[1261,1282,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EB273DC87C76D1F5" box="[1289,1383,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
//’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEE93DEC7C7CD2DD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
|
||
Both Usambara and Lindi were key locations within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574ED383DEC7AE6D189" box="[790,1015,439,465]" name="Burundi" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">German East Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The Usambara Mountains, described at the time as the ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EF753D8078F7D1AD" box="[347,486,475,501]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
of Africa’ (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574ECBA3D807A07D1AD" author="Krapf, J. L." box="[660,790,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refId="ref8489" refString="Krapf, J. L. (1860) Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Year Residence in Eastern Africa. Trubner, London, 554 pp." type="book" year="1860">Krapf 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574ED0F3D807ADAD1AD" author="Baumann, O." box="[801,971,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refId="ref7775" refString="Baumann, O. (1890) In Deutsch-Ostafrika wahrend des Aufstandes: Reise der Dr Hans Meyer'schen Expedition in Usambara. Eduard Holzel, Wien, Austria, 224 pp." type="book" year="1890">Baumann 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) due to its verdant landscape and pleasant climes, was a key agricultural region particularly for coffee production whilst Lindi was the major port in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EEB93E787862D265" box="[151,371,547,573]" name="Burundi" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">German East Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
at the turn of the 20
|
||
<superScript id="7C50215EC6601574EC603E797B4AD268" attach="left" box="[590,603,546,560]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">th</superScript>
|
||
Century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574ECE93E787A6AD265" author="Ewerbeck, K." box="[711,891,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" pagination="101 - 111" refId="ref8073" refString="Ewerbeck, K. (1902) Auszuge aus den Jahresberichten der Bezirksamter und Militarstationen fur die Zeit vom 1. Juli 1900 bis 30. Juni 1901, 13. Lindi. Berichte uber Land- und Fortwirtschaft in Deutsch-Ostafrika, 101 - 111." type="book chapter" year="1902">Ewerbeck 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With Usambara specimens mislabelled as being from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E142F4C6601574EEFA3E1C7800D239" box="[212,273,583,609]" country="Tanzania" name="Lindi" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Lindi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD21F3C6601574EF3F3E1D782CD239" box="[273,317,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" unit="in" value="24.0">
|
||
<superScript id="7C50215EC6601574EF3F3E1D7830D20C" attach="left" box="[273,289,582,596]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">24</superScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
two separate collections, it may be possible to conclude therefore that a shipment of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EEB93E3079EDD2DD" box="[151,252,619,645]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
was mislabelled at the port of departure and sold with the incorrect locality at a European dealership.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |