525 lines
60 KiB
XML
525 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="153d057d-c190-4db9-aa8b-4da3cb04ae64" ID-PMC="PMC7683496" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-993-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" ID-PubMed="33262675" ID-ZooBank="C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-993-47" checkinTime="1605571755153" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Douglas, Hume B., Qiu, Lu, Chen, Xiaoqin & Jiang, Shihong" docDate="2020" docId="42C922B463085E3AA676696B92CD60B4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 993: 47-120" docOrigin="ZooKeys 993" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" docTitle="Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E5EEBBF2-D73F-498B-88C4-99452A547603" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" masterDocTitle="Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668169908327" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-5592</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yongyingruan@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Douglas, Hume B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-7554</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Qiu, Lu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiaoqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Shihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>993</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>120</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-993-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169091764" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E5EEBBF2-D73F-498B-88C4-99452A547603" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/42C922B463085E3AA676696B92CD60B4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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1.
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<taxonomicName LSID="42C922B4-6308-5E3A-A676-696B92CD60B4" authority="Ruan & Douglas" authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus" status="sp. nov.">Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A male habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Zha-shui County, Niu-bei-liang), dorsal view B female habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Shan-luo, Zha-shui County, Ying-pan township), dorsal view C female habitus, paratype (same individual as in inset B), ventral view D female abdominal sternite VIII E ovipositor, dorsal view (paratype), arrow indicating coxites F distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (the two proximal sclerites are viewed from different angles, resulting in different shapes shown above) G aedeagus, dorsal view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere H aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere. I aedeagus (mounted in glycerin), dorsal view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475434" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A male head, frontal view (paratype) B male pronotum, dorsal view (paratype) C male on foliage (indoors; holotype) D female head, frontal view (paratype) E female pronotum, dorsal view (paratype) F female on foliage (indoors; paratype; collected from Shaanxi, Yan-an)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475435" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Shape of supraantennal carina of Chinese Phorocardius species. Arrows indicating supraantennal carina forked near eye. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. K head, frontal-lateral view, arrows indicating forked supraantennal carina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475457" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 23A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 24A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 25A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Female abdominal ventrite V in Chinese Phorocardius species (ventral view). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus F P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. unguicularis H P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov, arrows showing incisions near apex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475460" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 26A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Shaanxi Prov., Yan-an (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="36.622">36.622°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="109.457" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="109.457">109.457°E</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 993 m).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">The name of this species refers to the alternating longitudinal maculation on elytra.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Body length greater than 7.0 mm; integument dark brown (non-metallic), each elytron with three separate yellow stripes along interstriae III, V, and VII. Prothorax: procoxal cavities open. Prosternal process not strongly narrowed posterad to ventral apex in ventral view, with apex truncate to slightly rounded. Pterothorax: scutellar shield with posterior apex pointed. Tarsal claw with ventral apex not smaller than dorsal apex. Male genitalia: paramere without preapical lateral expansion or apical mesal callus. Female: apex of last abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) simple, not emarginate at apex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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This species is unique in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its alternating dark and yellow stripes on the elytra, the aedeagus is also unique due to its simple shape: without any preapical lateral expansion (but with ventral hook-like expansion).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavistriolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="flavistriolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. flavistriolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comptus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. comptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
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, 1860) in having longitudinal yellow maculation on the elytron, but it could be distinguished from the latter two species by the following characters. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. alterlineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. alterlineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., aedeagus gradually narrowed from base to apex in lateral view; apex of median lobe narrowly rounded in ventral view; and each elytron with three slender longitudinal stripes present separately on interstriae III, V, and VII, which partly merged near base and apex; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavistriolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="flavistriolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. flavistriolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., in lateral view, aedeagus with equal breadth from base to apical fifth, only slightly narrowed at apical fifth; apex of median lobe truncate to broadly rounded in ventral view; and each elytron with a single broad stripe covering basal half of interstria IV and interstriae V-VII.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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In
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., the parameres of the aedeagus have apical lateral expansions in dorsal view and lack preapical ventral expansions in lateral view; body brown-black; and each elytron with three slender longitudinal stripes present separately on interstriae III, V, and VII, with pale stripes partly joined near base and apex; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comptus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. comptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
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, 1860), the parameres lack apical lateral expansions in dorsal view and have preapical ventral expansions in lateral view; body black; and a single broad longitudinal stripe covering four interstriae (interstriae V-VIII).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(Based on all type specimens) Body brown-black. Each elytron with three separate longitudinal yellow stripes along interstriae III, V, and VII, partly joined near base and apex; stripes on mid-length of elytron absent or reduced in some females. Elytral stripes pale yellow in most males, orange in females. Antenna brown to dark brown, with first two antennomeres paler. Legs yellow-brown to brown, darker on tarsomere V and tibial apex. Body with yellow pubescence.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(based on all type specimens) Male body length 7.3-9.2 mm, width 2.3-3.0 mm. Female body length 8.2-10.6 mm, width 2.7-3.7 mm. Body length to width ratio 2.7-3.0. Pronotal width to length ratio 1.1-1.2. Pronotal width to body width ratio 0.83-0.90. Elytral length to pronotal length ratio 2.6-2.8; elytron length to width ratio 4.0-4.2.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Frons and vertex with interspaces between punctures 0.5-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; punctures slightly sparser at centre of vertex. Frontal carina convex in frontal view. Distance between eyes to width of eye ratio 4.2-4.5. Antenna with last antennomere entirely reaching beyond posterior angle of pronotum in male, only reaching to posterior angle in female. Antenna length to body length ratio, in male 0.39-0.41; in female 0.35-0.37. Proportions of antennomere lengths (male): 100 (scape); 53-58; 75-81; 82-83; 81-85; 83-88; 84-86; 85-90; 85-90; 85-90; 100-130.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Prothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum in dorsal view: sides evenly convex from anterior edge to constriction near posterior fourth, widest near mid-length; posterior angles with lateral sides almost straight, not bulged; surface with deep punctures, interspaces between punctures 0.5-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter. In ventral view, ventral surface of prosternal process with sides carinate and slightly and gradually narrow from anterior to posterior end, with apex almost truncate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25A</figureCitation>
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). In lateral view, prosternal process with ventral surface curved slightly dorsad; with posterior end (i.e., area between ventral and dorsal apices (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1" author="Douglas, HB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B12" refString="Douglas, HB, 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of Elateridae inferred from adult morphology, with special reference to the position of Cardiophorinae. Zootaxa 2900: 1 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Elateridae inferred from adult morphology, with special reference to the position of Cardiophorinae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1" volume="2900" year="2011">Douglas 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894" author="Douglas, HB" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 130" refId="B13" refString="Douglas, HB, 2017. World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894" title="World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894" volume="655" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
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)) slightly concave to almost straight (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24A</figureCitation>
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, upper arrow). Procoxal cavities open.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesepisternum in ventral view with antero-mesal corner broadly rounded, facing antero-mesally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25A</figureCitation>
|
||
, upper (green) arrow). Projections on posterior edge of mesosternum: in ventral view present (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25A</figureCitation>
|
||
, lower (red) arrow); in lateral view present, acute, produced anteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24A</figureCitation>
|
||
, red arrow). Scutellar shield: width to length ratio 0.97-1.00; anterolateral edges slightly sinuate; posterior apex pointed. Elytra: upper edge of epipleura with minute serrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length ratio of metatarsomeres I-V (excluding claws): 100; 68-74; 66-70; 51-53; 125-128. Claw with ventral apex almost as large as dorsal apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral edges of visible abdominal ventrites I-V with minute serrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Robust in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A male habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Zha-shui County, Niu-bei-liang), dorsal view B female habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Shan-luo, Zha-shui County, Ying-pan township), dorsal view C female habitus, paratype (same individual as in inset B), ventral view D female abdominal sternite VIII E ovipositor, dorsal view (paratype), arrow indicating coxites F distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (the two proximal sclerites are viewed from different angles, resulting in different shapes shown above) G aedeagus, dorsal view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere H aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere. I aedeagus (mounted in glycerin), dorsal view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475434" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2G</figureCitation>
|
||
); in lateral view slender, gradually narrowing from base to apex. Median lobe in ventral view narrowed from base to mid-length; parallel-sided and slender on apical half, apex narrowly rounded. Median lobe in lateral view gently and evenly curved ventrad from base to apex, apex rounded. Paramere in dorsal view: wide from base to mid-length, gradually narrowed beyond mid-length, angulate at apex; preapical lateral expansion and apical mesal callus absent; width 2.5-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median lobe width (measured at mid-length of paramere and median lobe respectively). Paramere in lateral view: slender, gradually narrowed and evenly curved ventrad from base to apex; apex with sharp hook-shaped preapical ventral expansion (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A male habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Zha-shui County, Niu-bei-liang), dorsal view B female habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Shan-luo, Zha-shui County, Ying-pan township), dorsal view C female habitus, paratype (same individual as in inset B), ventral view D female abdominal sternite VIII E ovipositor, dorsal view (paratype), arrow indicating coxites F distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (the two proximal sclerites are viewed from different angles, resulting in different shapes shown above) G aedeagus, dorsal view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere H aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere. I aedeagus (mounted in glycerin), dorsal view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475434" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2H</figureCitation>
|
||
, indicated by blue arrow).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475434" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
|
||
male habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Zha-shui County, Niu-bei-liang), dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Shan-luo, Zha-shui County, Ying-pan township), dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus, paratype (same individual as in inset B), ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
female abdominal sternite VIII
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
|
||
ovipositor, dorsal view (paratype), arrow indicating coxites
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
|
||
distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (the two proximal sclerites are viewed from different angles, resulting in different shapes shown above)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus, dorsal view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">I</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus (mounted in glycerin), dorsal view (paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body color slightly blacker than male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phorocardius alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A male habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Zha-shui County, Niu-bei-liang), dorsal view B female habitus, paratype (Shaanxi, Shan-luo, Zha-shui County, Ying-pan township), dorsal view C female habitus, paratype (same individual as in inset B), ventral view D female abdominal sternite VIII E ovipositor, dorsal view (paratype), arrow indicating coxites F distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (the two proximal sclerites are viewed from different angles, resulting in different shapes shown above) G aedeagus, dorsal view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere H aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, dry), arrow indicating apex of paramere. I aedeagus (mounted in glycerin), dorsal view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475434" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), elytral longitudinal yellow stripes partly absent on mid-length of elytron. Apex of abdominal ventrite V convex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Female abdominal ventrite V in Chinese Phorocardius species (ventral view). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus F P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. unguicularis H P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov, arrows showing incisions near apex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475460" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bursa copulatrix with proximal sclerites ovoid, apex acute, base slightly concave; with numerous spines on concave internal surface: each with 9-12 large spines on mesal edge, 6-8 smaller ones on disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♂ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Yan-an (延安), Yan-an University, Yao-yuan Holiday Hotel, leg. Yongying Ruan et al. 2018-VI-22-23 [in Chinese]; 2)
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="36.622">36.622°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="109.457" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="109.457">109.457°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 993 m; 3) Holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
(100♂, 136♀). 3♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Yan-an (延安), Yan-an University, Yao-yuan Holiday Hotel, leg. Yongying Ruan et al. 2018-VI-22-23, light trap [in Chinese]; 2)
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="36.622">36.622°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="109.457" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="109.457">109.457°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 993 m; 3) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 2♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Liu-ba County (留坝县), Huo-shao-dian, Hong-ya-gou, 2012.VI.23,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.51" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.51">33.51°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106.93" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="106.93">106.93°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 986 m, leg. Yi Hua [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Tai-bai County (太白县), Huang-bai-yuan, He-tao-ping, 2012.VI.19,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.822" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.822">33.822°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="107.556" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="107.556">107.556°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, leg. Li Sha, light trap [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Liu-ba County (留坝县), 2012.VI.21,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.616" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.616">33.616°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106.907" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="106.907">106.907°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 980 m, leg. Li Sha; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂7♀ (in IZCAS, 1♀ to be transferred to LQCC), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Qin-ling Botanical Garden (秦岭植物园), grand canyon, 2012.VII.5,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.9282" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9282">33.9282°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="108.3525" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="108.3525">108.3525°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, leg. Hua Yi, 925 m [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Qin-ling Botanical Garden (秦岭植物园), Bai-yang-ji-li-gou, 2012.VII.6,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.9827" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9827">33.9827°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="108.3282" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="108.3282">108.3282°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, leg. Hua Yi, 698-738 m [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Zha-shui County, Niu-bei-liang (牛背梁), 2013.VII.1-2, leg. Junzhi Cui & Yuanyuan Lu,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.85742" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.85742">33.85742°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="108.99886" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="108.99886">108.99886°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Shan-luo, Zha-shui County, Ying-pan township (营盘镇), Light trap 2014.VII.29, leg. Yuanyuan Lu, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 955 m, pure ethanol,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.776572" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.776573">33.776572°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="109.043397" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.043396">109.043397°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 53♂67♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Zi-wu-ling reserve (子午岭保护区), Hua-shu-gou, colleting method FIT, 2019.VI-VII [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2020. • 28♂38♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Zi-wu-ling reserve (子午岭保护区), Shi-hui-gou, colleting method FIT, 2019.VI-VII [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2020. • 9♂3♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Zi-wu-ling reserve (子午岭保护区), Chen-jia-he, sweeping, leg. Lei Dang, 2019.VI.26 [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2020. • 5♂9♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Shaanxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Zi-wu-ling reserve (子午岭保护区), Chen-jia-he, colleting method MT-5, 2019.VII.5-19 [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2020. • 1♀ (SZPT, ex. LQCC), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Sichuan</emphasis>
|
||
, Jiu-zai-gou (九寨沟), 2015.6.11, leg. Hao Huang [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hubei</emphasis>
|
||
, Wu-dang Mts., Chao-tian-gong (朝天宫), 1982.VII.5; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 19; 3) 7.30*2.60 cm; 4) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hubei</emphasis>
|
||
, Wu-dang Mts., Zi-xiao (紫霄), 1982.VII.10; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1993; 3) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hubei</emphasis>
|
||
, Wu-dang Mts., Jin-ding (金顶), 1982.VII.9; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1993; 3) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hubei</emphasis>
|
||
, Wu-dang Mts., Lao-yan (老燕), 1983.VII.2; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1993; 3) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hubei</emphasis>
|
||
, Wu-dang Mts., Nan-yan (南岩), 1983.VII.2; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1991; 3) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (TARI, ex. SZPT), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Guangxi</emphasis>
|
||
, Jin-xiu, Tong-shui township (桐水镇), VI-25.2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Specimens examined were from low to middle elevations (0-2500 m), temperate to subtropical mountain evergreen forests in central and south China. Specimens of this species were collected at different environments using variable collecting methods, including flight interception trap (in forests), malaise trap (in forests), sweeping (on shrubs), and light trap (near a hill in suburbs of a city). Specimens came to light traps, or were caught by sweep-netting vegetation in daylight. This suggests that this species is nocturnal and diurnal. This species is known from central China (i.e., the boundary between the Palearctic and Oriental Regions), only one specimen examined is from south China (Oriental Region).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">In the field, this beetle was spotted running on multiple plants. We have observed one live adult in the field with an aphid in its mouthparts. However, individuals taken back to containers in the laboratory were not observed to feed on live aphids presented there. Further evidence is required to learn the adult and larval feeding habits of this species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Some of the paratype specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. alterlineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Ruan & Douglas were previously misidentified and used for distributional records as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comptus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang, S" journalOrPublisher="Beijing Agricultural Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B21" refString="Jiang, S, 1993. A catalogue of the insect specimens preserved in the Insect Collection of Huazhong Agricultural University. Beijing Agricultural Press, Beijing" title="A catalogue of the insect specimens preserved in the Insect Collection of Huazhong Agricultural University." year="1993">Jiang (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang, S" journalOrPublisher="China Agriculture Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B22" refString="Jiang, S, Wang, S, 1999. Economic click beetle fauna of China (Coleoptera: Elateridae). China Agriculture Press, Beijing" title="Economic click beetle fauna of China (Coleoptera: Elateridae)." year="1999">Jiang and Wang (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The label information for these specimens is listed as follows. 1♂ (SZPT), labels: 1) Hubei, Wu-dang Mts., Chao-tian-gong (朝天宫), 1982.VII.5; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 19; 3) 7.30*2.60 cm. • 1♂ (SZPT), labels: 1) Hubei, Wu-dang Mts., Zi-xiao (紫霄), 1982.VII.10; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1993. • 1♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) Hubei, Wu-dang Mts., Jin-ding (金顶), 1982.VII.9; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1993. • 1♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) Hubei, Wu-dang Mts., Lao-yan (老燕), 1983.VII.2; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1993. • 1♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) Hubei, Wu-dang Mts., Nan-yan (南岩), 1983.VII.2; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
|
||
), det. Shihong Jiang 1991.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475435" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius alterlineatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alterlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius alterlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
|
||
male head, frontal view (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
male pronotum, dorsal view (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
male on foliage (indoors; holotype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
female head, frontal view (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
|
||
female pronotum, dorsal view (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
|
||
female on foliage (indoors; paratype; collected from Shaanxi, Yan-an).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |