830 lines
125 KiB
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830 lines
125 KiB
XML
<document id="3110F588A56BCAE96CF74589CF4B6508" ID-CLB-Dataset="5617" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1562f328-8d9c-4172-9549-999080b2485c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914507" ID-ZooBank="1AFFE199-B80B-4DB0-B913-BF88132430B8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623180910525" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Woller, Derek A., Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo & Song, Hojun" docDate="2014" docId="F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03793p495.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3793 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Liladownsia fraile Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="490" masterDocId="052FFC2F785C1678FF863355A338FF92" masterDocTitle="Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Liladownsia fraile, a new genus and species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) and an updated molecular phylogeny of Melanoplinae" masterLastPageNumber="495" masterPageNumber="475" pageNumber="485" updateTime="1699006094469" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6157E7092C657C9CD86CC0380FF186AA">
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<mods:title id="72C37C24C38536159B7FA94FB1600719">Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Liladownsia fraile, a new genus and species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) and an updated molecular phylogeny of Melanoplinae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="ADA027F574F479A6877ADE588A2924F5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="78FF30CC0556444D337CFC45CB7E5CD2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FBAB05045D43AC2B3AD11B6AE1250A67">Woller, Derek A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2DE1B6407B153DC362C478C1E63E0DA">Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 - 2368, U. S. A. & These authors participated equally</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="212E128EB3C43BBCBD67530610BDEBB6" type="email">asilid@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A757CFBC6DDE9D2F7A133C9B3249401">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="27F1E4C1E42B7C13E27DF2C78ACA3ADA">Fontana, Paolo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B6845EF155C57D7E3301BDCB3DD3E5A">Fondazione Edmund Mach - Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico - Protezione delle piante e biodiversità agroforestale, Via della Val, 2 - Loc. Costa di Casalino, I- 38057 Pergine Valsugana, Italy & These authors participated equally</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="40C00EAF9C2FE57F6D0B51DFB3B10203" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CDF9A90D226C98B766F71B933C9EADC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EDB5550F5E170FBC1B556C210DB5B561">Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1D61E04DC03612DCBBD5F8685064043">Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 - 2368, U. S. A. & These authors participated equally</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A26411E3418AD83452FDFAAA641FDD2E">Song, Hojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F253216AB7B1252D62FB4B1D195BEF3E">Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 - 2368, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="44336AC4F1D3960AC500E3F150631CB4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="58E29E1A2657AB8ADA3DF76447B1C7AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E4F465A819E581B3B2C797DD650AD2E6">
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<mods:date id="C00DEBED2F5ACCC9103B6536CA602E0B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2A0766928A6EFB45E40E6C3B80C234ED">2014-05-01</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5082411" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5082411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
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<subSubSection id="39A566CA78561672FF113219A0F4FEF4" box="[151,972,332,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF113219A0F4FEF4" blockId="10.[151,1055,332,391]" box="[151,972,332,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
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<heading id="2A48822D78561672FF113219A0F4FEF4" bold="true" box="[151,972,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF113219A0F4FEF4" bold="true" box="[151,972,332,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
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<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278561672FF113219A24BFEF4" authority="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song, 2014" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,371,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF113219A24BFEF4" bold="true" box="[151,371,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Liladownsia fraile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="58F8542878561672FEFC3219A2E0FEF4" box="[378,472,332,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fontana, Mariño-Pérez, Woller & Song
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="39A566CA78561674FF11323BA7D4FE3F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF11323BA727FE15" blockId="10.[151,1055,332,391]" box="[151,1055,366,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
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http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:
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<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278561672FD8C323BA1B2FE15" box="[522,650,366,391]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:463901
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF1132E3A783FCA5" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF1132E3A016FE5D" box="[151,814,438,463]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF1132E3A290FE5D" bold="true" box="[151,424,438,463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Taxonomic description</emphasis>
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(of male except where specified).
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FCB332E3A0A5FE5D" bold="true" box="[821,925,438,463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">General.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278561672FC2332E3A74DFE5D" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[933,1141,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile">
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FC2332E3A74DFE5D" box="[933,1141,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Liladownsia fraile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a medium-large showy grasshopper. Body is primarily colored with blackish-steel blue, yellow, red, and sometimes orange depending on color form (
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FEA332ABA2ABFD85" box="[293,403,510,535]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetBox-2="[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetId-0="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId-1="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId-2="figure-58@6.[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Photographs of known color forms of nymphal specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Female; lighter color form. B. Female; darker color form. C. Male; darker color form." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914517" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4914517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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and 10,11). Both sexes are very colorful, and are characterized by wrinkled teguments, reticulate tegmina, and diffuse hair on the body, which makes them appear almost silky (
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FBFE3177A63CFDA9" box="[1144,1284,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A&B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FA963177A60CFDA9" box="[1296,1332,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
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, and
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FAF63177A6B7FDA9" box="[1392,1423,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
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). The shape of the pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FE593113A17AFDCD" box="[479,578,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FDFB3113A1A6FDCD" box="[637,670,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3B</figureCitation>
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) and hind femora is very peculiar. Prozona (especially in females) with a bulging appearance and almost smooth while metazona is markedly wrinkled and raised posteriorly. The overall look of the pronotum resembles the lowered hood of a monk/friar (
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<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278561672FC7431DBA717FD35" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[1010,1071,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile">
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<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FC7431DBA717FD35" box="[1010,1071,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">fraile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Spanish) (
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB4C31DBA60EFD35" box="[1226,1334,654,679]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetBox-2="[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetId-0="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId-1="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId-2="figure-58@6.[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Photographs of known color forms of nymphal specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Female; lighter color form. B. Female; darker color form. C. Male; darker color form." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914517" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4914517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FAF631DBA6B7FD35" box="[1392,1423,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
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). Hind femora are thin in comparison to body size and general body structure (
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FC7431E7A746FD59" box="[1010,1150,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A&B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB0C31E7A796FD59" box="[1162,1198,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
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, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB6F31E7A630FD59" box="[1257,1288,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contrary to the generally more complicated structure of the overall exterior, the male genitalia are quite simple. The external genitalia do not have any special features with the cerci subconical, absent furcula, and the supra-genital plate subtriangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FEBC304BA246FCA5" box="[314,382,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of the male holotype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914519/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The internal phallic complex also lacks any peculiarities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB9F304BA75FFCA5" box="[1049,1127,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-51@8.[192,1397,193,1965]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914521/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB1B304BA795FCA5" box="[1181,1197,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-472@9.[151,1436,193,1090]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of the KOH-cleared internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Intact phallic complex. B. Epiphallus. C. Lateral view of the ecto/endophallus. D. Dorsal view of the ecto/endophallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914523/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF413017A3CBFB75" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF413017A277FCC9" bold="true" box="[199,335,834,859]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" reason="1">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Two general color forms appear to exist across both sexes: a lighter color form with blackish-steel blue and yellow more dominant overall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FDE13033A1F5FCED" box="[615,717,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FD5C3033A1C6FCED" box="[730,766,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of known color forms of nymphal specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Female; lighter color form. B. Female; darker color form. C. Male; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FC8D3033A004FCED" box="[779,828,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FCFC3033A0ECFCED" box="[890,980,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,193,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-190@15.[152,1434,193,1658]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Field photographs of nymphs of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from across the three known localites in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Most likely 2nd instar; lighter color form. B. Most likely 3rd instar; darker color form. C. Most likely 4th instar; darker color form. D. Most likely 5th instar; lighter color form. E. Most likely 5th instar; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914533/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">11A&D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a darker color form with blackishsteel blue, yellow, red, and sometimes orange more dominant overall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FC2D30DFA736FC31" box="[939,1038,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB9C30DFA706FC31" box="[1050,1086,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FBCC30DFA7ADFC31" box="[1098,1173,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of known color forms of nymphal specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Female; lighter color form. B. Female; darker color form. C. Male; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">4B&C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB2430DFA7ECFC31" box="[1186,1236,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FA8930DFA667FC31" box="[1295,1375,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,193,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-190@15.[152,1434,193,1658]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Field photographs of nymphs of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from across the three known localites in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Most likely 2nd instar; lighter color form. B. Most likely 3rd instar; darker color form. C. Most likely 4th instar; darker color form. D. Most likely 5th instar; lighter color form. E. Most likely 5th instar; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914533/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">11 B,C</figureCitation>
|
||
,&E). Head blackish-steel blue with fastigium, vertex, frontal ridge, and cheeks red, yellow, or orange. Antennae yellow to orange with first two segments blackish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FD003087A1C8FC79" box="[646,752,978,1003]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetBox-2="[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetId-0="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId-1="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId-2="figure-58@6.[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Photographs of known color forms of nymphal specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Female; lighter color form. B. Female; darker color form. C. Male; darker color form." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914517" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4914517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FCAE3087A07FFC79" box="[808,839,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum black on anterior margin, lateral sides of prozona, along and behind sulcus; prozona mainly red, orange, or yellow and metazona posteriorly red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FABD30A3A6A4FB9D" box="[1339,1436,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FF41374FA3D2FBA1" box="[199,234,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegmina clear brown with blackish reticulation. Fore and middle femora red and/or yellow and blackishblue steel apically. Fore and middle tibia blackish-blue steel, all tarsi blackish-blue steel. Hind femora with blackish medial area on external side and red or yellow-orange upper and lower marginal areas. Apical portion of hind femora and knees entirely blackish-blue steel; hind tibia blackish-blue steel with reddish-yellow or yellow basal portion. Thorax brownish; abdomen reddish brown and terminalia in both sexes blackish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB5F37FFA65EFB51" box="[1241,1382,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FAF537FFA6AFFB51" box="[1395,1431,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FF40379BA3DDFB75" box="[198,229,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF4137A7A17BFA09" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF4137A7A236FA99" bold="true" box="[199,270,1266,1291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Head short, fastigium projecting moderately from eyes, widely- rounded when viewed laterally; frontal ridge well-marked with almost parallel lateral keels. Antennae filiform, semi-flattened with parallel sides; about 24 segments, median segments about 2.5 times as long as wide. Eyes scarcely prominent in females, not spaced very far apart; in males, more prominent, larger, and closer together. Prosternal process cylindro-conical, slightly bent posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FE9936D7A294FA09" box="[287,428,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FE3136D7A2E4FA09" box="[439,476,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FD9136D7A10EFA09" box="[535,566,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF4136F3A702F905" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF4136F3A2EDFA2D" bold="true" box="[199,469,1446,1471]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" reason="1">Pronotum and wings.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with swollen prozona, more pronounced in female; metazona arising posteriorly from sulcus, posterior margin widely rounded. Prozona as long as metazona in both sexes. Aside from some setae, prozona smooth with some scattered indentations. Metazona wrinkled and highly rugose. Sulcus very deep; median carinae present on prozona, but more prominent anteriorly, and also present on metazona (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FABD3547A6A4F9B9" box="[1339,1436,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FF4F3563A3D4F9DD" box="[201,236,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegmina brachypterous, tectiform, and widely oval; homogeneously reticulated; longer than pronotum and reaching midpoint of hind femora in both sexes; partially overlapping on dorsum in both sexes. Hind wings vestigial and more or less half the length of the tegmina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FC90352BA09AF905" box="[790,930,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FC28352BA0EAF905" box="[942,978,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FB8B352BA714F905" box="[1037,1068,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF4135F7A244F8B5" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF4135F7A23DF929" bold="true" box="[199,261,1698,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Fore tibia with 3–5 spines on both inner and outer lower margins. Middle tibia with 3–5 spines on both outer and inner lower margins. Upper margins of hind tibia with 11–12 spines on outer side and 10–11 on inner side. Hind femora thin in relation to body size: 5.45 times as long as high in males and 6.5 times in females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FAE235BFA3DCF8B5" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Figs. 2A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FF69345BA22CF8B5" box="[239,276,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FEC9345BA256F8B5" box="[335,366,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-50@14.[169,1413,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photographs of both sexes of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Female. B. Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178561672FF413467A14BF848" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF413467A29DF8D9" bold="true" box="[199,421,1842,1867]" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378561672FF413467A269F8D9" box="[199,337,1842,1867]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="485" reason="1">Terminalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Male.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Furcula almost absent; only two vestigial protuberances present. Supra-anal plate subtriangular, with rounded apex and slightly convex lateral sides. Median impression and median keels hardly developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FEA6342FA246F801" box="[288,382,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of the male holotype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914519/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci subtriangular, gradually tapering from basal part; apex moderately flattened and rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FE8434CBA27EF825" box="[258,326,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of the male holotype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914519/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). When viewed laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478561672FDEE34CBA1F9F825" box="[616,705,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[324,1264,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of the male holotype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914519/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="485">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), subgenital plate resembling 1/4 of a sphere, hemielliptical from above; apex truncated and barely concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="25C065C978571673FF113495A1FAF866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914525/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" startId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" targetBox="[399,1187,193,1963]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178571673FF113495A1FAF866" blockId="11.[151,1436,1984,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378571673FF113495A22BF847" bold="true" box="[151,275,1984,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of a female paratype specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278571673FBD03495A629F844" authority="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song, 2014" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[1110,1297,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378571673FBD03495A629F844" box="[1110,1297,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Liladownsia fraile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378571673FA913495A3FBF866" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58F8542878571673FA913495A64FF847" box="[1303,1399,1984,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378571673FF56348BA3D1F861" bold="true" box="[208,233,2014,2035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378571673FEFC348AA2A9F866" bold="true" box="[378,401,2015,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378571673FD9B348BA10EF866" bold="true" box="[541,566,2014,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF4133C2A024FE8F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF4133C2A21DFF22" bold="true" box="[199,293,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Supra-anal plate subtriangular, apex rounded with concave lateral sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FBE833C2A7F0FF22" box="[1134,1224,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of a female paratype specimen of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal valvae of the ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FECE33E9A2F4FF47" box="[328,460,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of a female paratype specimen of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 8A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost twice as tall as ventral ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FC0B33E9A72CFF47" box="[909,1044,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of a female paratype specimen of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 8A&C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower margin of ventral valvae uniformly sinuous without teeth or hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FD1B338AA1C4FF6A" box="[669,764,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of a female paratype specimen of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate with scarcely projecting subtriangular posterior margin and with concave lateral sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FD313251A037FE8F" box="[695,783,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[399,1187,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close–up photographs of the external genitalia of a female paratype specimen of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF413272A7D4FE3F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF413272A2ABFED2" bold="true" box="[199,403,295,320]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">Phallic complex.</emphasis>
|
||
Epiphallus well-sclerotized; anterior margin of bridge concave; anterior spines short, conical, directed inwards and downwards, arched lophi with superior margin almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FB3F3219A630FEF7" box="[1209,1288,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-51@8.[192,1397,193,1965]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914521/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FAC63219A6B7FEF7" box="[1344,1423,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-472@9.[151,1436,193,1090]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of the KOH-cleared internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Intact phallic complex. B. Epiphallus. C. Lateral view of the ecto/endophallus. D. Dorsal view of the ecto/endophallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914523/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">7A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
); well-elevated over anterior processes from a lateral viewpoint (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FCD8323AA080FE1A" box="[862,952,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-51@8.[192,1397,193,1965]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914521/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valvae of penis short, subequal in length. Dorsal valvae subtrapezoidal; ventral valvae longer, transversally flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FC6D32C1A700FE3F" box="[1003,1080,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-51@8.[192,1397,193,1965]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914521/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FBE932C1A795FE3F" box="[1135,1197,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-472@9.[151,1436,193,1090]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of the KOH-cleared internal phallic complex of a male paratype of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Intact phallic complex. B. Epiphallus. C. Lateral view of the ecto/endophallus. D. Dorsal view of the ecto/endophallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914523/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">7A,C</figureCitation>
|
||
,&D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78501674FF4132E2A0E2FD5F" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF4132E2A264FDF2" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF4132E2A276FE42" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This specific epithet comes from the common name used for this species by the local people of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FF113289A3FFFE66" box="[151,199,476,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. In Spanish, “fraile” translates to monk or friar, referring to the swollen prozona, which resembles the hood of a monk’s robe. For the same reason some locals also refer to it as “chapulín de capucho” (hooded grasshopper). Based on this, we propose the following common name for this amazing grasshopper: Lila Downs’ friar grasshopper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF413139A0E2FD5F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF413139A11FFD17" bold="true" box="[199,551,620,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Male measurements (in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
(n=4). Body length 24.09–29.49 (27.70 ± 2.49); pronotum length 7.15–7.88 (7.44 ± 0.35); prozona length 3.79–4.08 (3.97 ± 0.13); metazona length 3.21–3.79 (3.46 ± 0.24); hind femur length 13.87–15.33 (14.78 ± 0.69) and tegmina length 7.30–11.68 (10.18 ± 2.03).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78501674FF413182A747FCAA" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF413182A747FCAA" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF413182A161FD62" bold="true" box="[199,601,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Female measurements (in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
(n=5). Body length 32.70–41.46 (37.23 ± 3.85); pronotum length 10.07–12.84 (11.53 ± 1.15); prozona length 5.54–6.71 (6.1 ± 0.44); metazona length 4.52–6.27 (5.4 ± 0.74); hind femur length 18.39–20.14 (19.27 ± 0.67) and tegmina length 10.07–12.99 (11.18 ± 1.19).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78501674FF413011A123FAC7" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF413011A18AFC37" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C1D73F1C78501674FF413011A18AFC37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319537304" collectingDate="2011-12-10" collectionCode="WGS" collectorName="Paolo Fontana & Ricardo Marino-Perez & Derek A. Woller & Paola Tirello" country="Mexico" elevation="2321" latitude="16.07795" location="San Jose del Pacifico." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.49458" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="WGS84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF413011A203FCCF" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FF413011A20EFCCF" box="[199,310,836,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A875D178501674FE103011A2D6FCCF" box="[406,494,836,861]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B37BFBA378501674FD863011A16FFCCF" box="[512,599,836,861]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Near Suchixtepec.
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FCCC3011A0AFFCCF" box="[842,919,836,861]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
|
||
after
|
||
<location id="7460639A78501674FC633011A7D5FCCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F:7460639A78501674FC633011A7D5FCCF" box="[997,1261,836,861]" country="Mexico" latitude="16.07795" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.49458" name="San Jose del Pacifico." pageId="12" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Oaxaca">San José del Pacífico.</location>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FB7C3011A6BAFCCF" box="[1274,1410,836,861]" degrees="16.0779500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="1" value="16.07795">16.0779500</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FA153011A224FC12" degrees="96.4945833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="1" value="-96.49458">- 96.4945833</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="21199D3A78501674FEAA3032A2B5FC12" box="[300,397,871,896]" collectionCode="WGS" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">WGS84</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FE273032A13DFC12" box="[417,517,871,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.321" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2321.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FA92D27278501674FE273032A13DFC12" box="[417,517,871,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.321" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2321.0">2,321 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l., edge of a pine forest.
|
||
<date id="0501138178501674FCC53032A0EBFC12" box="[835,979,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="2011-12-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1545EA6978501674FCC53032A0EBFC12" box="[835,979,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="2011-12-10">10-XII-2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FC603032A7B5FCED" box="[998,1165,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Paolo Fontana</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FB1C3032A6A0FC12" box="[1178,1432,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Ricardo Mariño-Pérez</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FF1130D9A26AFC37" box="[151,338,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Derek A. Woller</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FE0A30D9A126FC37" box="[396,542,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Paola Tirello</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FDB330D9A14DFC37" box="[565,629,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B-1).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF4130FAA052FB7A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF4130FAA177FC5A" bold="true" box="[199,591,943,968]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Eight
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FD2630E5A033FC5A" box="[672,779,944,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FC9B30FAA09AFC5A" box="[797,930,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FC6630FAA757FC5A" box="[992,1135,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
|
||
) with the same collecting information as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FEEC3081A2F4FC7F" box="[362,460,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FE5A3081A123FC7F" box="[476,539,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B-1);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C1D73F1C78501674FDE63081A742FBA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319537301" collectingDate="2013-12-12" collectionCode="WGS" collectorName="Paolo Fontana & Ricardo Marino-Perez & Salomon Sanabria-Urban" country="Mexico" elevation="2127" latitude="16.058695" location="San Jose del Pacifico." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.499664" municipality="On Km" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="WGS84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FDE63081A1C4FC7E" box="[608,764,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(females):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A875D178501674FCFB3081A0EDFC7F" box="[893,981,980,1005]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B37BFBA378501674FC663081A70FFC7F" box="[992,1079,980,1005]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9164AF3B78501674FBC43081A7AEFC79" box="[1090,1174,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">On Km</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
165, near Suchixtepec.
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FF1130A2A3D9FB82" box="[151,225,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
|
||
after
|
||
<location id="7460639A78501674FEAC30A2A112FB82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F:7460639A78501674FEAC30A2A112FB82" box="[298,554,1015,1040]" country="Mexico" latitude="16.058695" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.499664" municipality="On Km" name="San Jose del Pacifico." pageId="12" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Oaxaca">San José del Pacífico.</location>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FDB330A2A185FB82" box="[565,701,1015,1040]" degrees="16.0586944" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="1" value="16.058695">16.0586944</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FD4D30A2A061FB82" box="[715,857,1015,1040]" degrees="96.4996667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="1" value="-96.499664">-96.4996667</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="21199D3A78501674FCEA30A2A0F4FB82" box="[876,972,1015,1040]" collectionCode="WGS" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">WGS84</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FC6530A2A77BFB82" box="[995,1091,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.127" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2127.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FA92D27278501674FC6530A2A77BFB82" box="[995,1091,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.127" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2127.0">2127 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l., pine-oak forest.
|
||
<date id="0501138178501674FAC130A2A3EBFBA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="2013-12-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1545EA6978501674FAC130A2A3EBFBA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="2013-12-12">12-XII- 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FF633749A2B4FBA1" box="[229,396,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Paolo Fontana</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FE1E3749A1AAFBA7" box="[408,658,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Ricardo Mariño-Pérez</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FD4C3749A0D1FBA7" box="[714,1001,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Salomón Sanabria-Urbán</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FB873749A778FBA7" box="[1025,1088,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C-2)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C1D73F1C78501674FB013749A052FB7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319537303" collectingDate="1962-05-05" collectingDateMax="2013-12-12" collectingDateMin="1962-05-05" collectionCode="WGS" country="Mexico" county="Rio Molino" elevation="2663" latitude="16.104082" location="San Jose del Pacifico" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.471725" municipality="Sierra del Sur" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="WGS84" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FB013749A61CFBA6" box="[1159,1316,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FAB23749A6A4FBA7" box="[1332,1436,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FF413715A271FBCA" box="[199,329,1087,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<locationDeviation id="60B22C6378501674FED2376AA1E0FBCA" box="[340,728,1087,1112]" location="Northwest of Suchixtepec." pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FED2376AA29BFBCA" box="[340,419,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
|
||
Northwest of Suchixtepec.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FD66376AA062FBCA" box="[736,858,1087,1112]" degrees="16.104083" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="1" value="16.104082">16.104083</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FC09376AA737FBCA" box="[911,1039,1087,1112]" degrees="96.471722" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="1" value="-96.471725">-96.471722</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="21199D3A78501674FB99376AA747FBCA" box="[1055,1151,1087,1112]" collectionCode="WGS" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">WGS84</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FB15376AA7CFFBCA" box="[1171,1271,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.663" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2663.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FA92D27278501674FB15376AA7CFFBCA" box="[1171,1271,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.663" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2663.0">2,663 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l., pine-oak forest.
|
||
<date id="0501138178501674FF6A3731A245FBEF" box="[236,381,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="2013-12-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1545EA6978501674FF6A3731A245FBEF" box="[236,381,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="2013-12-12">12-XII-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FE103731A17BFBE9" box="[406,579,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Paolo Fontana</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FDD03731A06FFBEF" box="[598,855,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Ricardo Mariño-Pérez</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FC1A3731A7F9FBEF" box="[924,1217,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Salomón Sanabria-Urbán</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FB593731A61DFBEF" box="[1247,1317,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C-3);
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FAF43731A23AFB32" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FE9637D2A24EFB32" box="[272,374,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FE2A37DDA114FB32" box="[428,556,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<locationDeviation id="60B22C6378501674FDB337D2A0B5FB32" box="[565,909,1159,1184]" location="Northeast of Suchixtepec" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FDB337D2A155FB32" box="[565,621,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
Northeast of Suchixtepec
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingCounty id="98614DCD78501674FC2837D2A70AFB32" box="[942,1074,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Rio Molino</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9164AF3B78501674FBBA37D2A7EFFB32" box="[1084,1239,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Sierra del Sur</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FB6737D2A67CFB32" box="[1249,1348,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.591" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2591.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FA92D27278501674FB6737D2A67CFB32" box="[1249,1348,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.591" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2591.0">2,591 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l.,
|
||
<date id="0501138178501674FA0337D2A3D5FB57" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="1962-05-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1545EA6978501674FA0337D2A3D5FB57" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" value="1962-05-05">5- V-1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FE8437F9A2F9FB57" box="[258,449,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">J. Stuart Rowley</collectorName>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="DC4A509778501674FE5237F9A134FB57" box="[468,524,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Also</collectorName>
|
||
, some nymphs were collected and examined from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FBF637F9A7EAFB57" box="[1136,1234,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FABB37F9A644FB57" box="[1341,1404,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C- 1) and the locality
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FEEF379AA288FB7A" box="[361,432,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
|
||
after
|
||
<location id="7460639A78501674FE77379AA1E6FB7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F916845778561668FF113219A149FE8F:7460639A78501674FE77379AA1E6FB7A" box="[497,734,1231,1256]" country="Mexico" county="Rio Molino" latitude="16.104082" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.471725" municipality="Sierra del Sur" name="San Jose del Pacifico" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Oaxaca">San José del Pacífico</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FD6B379AA014FB7A" box="[749,812,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C-2).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF4137A1A123FAC7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF4137A1A2B4FA9F" bold="true" box="[199,396,1268,1293]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">Type depository.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C1D73F1C78501674FE1437A1A12FFAC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319537302" collectionCode="UCFC, MNHN" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Male
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FE5537A1A10DFA9F" box="[467,565,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FDED37A1A030FA9E" box="[619,776,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">five paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FC9137A1A046FA9F" box="[791,894,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FC3337A1A77BFA9F" box="[949,1091,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
|
||
) at
|
||
<collectionCode id="17AEAD8478501674FBEB37A1A781FA9F" box="[1133,1209,1268,1293]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jmgc-zvz7" name="University of Central Florida" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">UCFC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FB4237A1A659FA9E" box="[1220,1377,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">five paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FAF637A1A3E0FAA2" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FE883642A29EFAA2" box="[270,422,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
) at CNIN-UNAM,
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FD06364DA024FAA2" box="[640,796,1304,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FCAD3642A0A9FAA2" box="[811,913,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FC41364DA77DFAA2" box="[967,1093,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
) at
|
||
<collectionCode id="17AEAD8478501674FBE8364DA7FEFABD" box="[1134,1222,1304,1327]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FA86364DA6A4FAA2" box="[1280,1436,1304,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FF193669A23EFAC7" box="[159,262,1340,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FEBB3669A282FAC7" box="[317,442,1340,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
) at CPF
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78501674FF41360AA713F84F" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF41360AA60DF897" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF41360AA211FAEA" bold="true" box="[199,297,1375,1400]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" reason="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The habitat of the localities is in the boundaries of oak, pine-oak, and pine forests (
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FB32360AA659FAEA" box="[1204,1377,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2450.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="1900.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FB32360AA7C9FAEA" box="[1204,1265,1375,1400]" degrees="1,900" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="55" value="1.9">1,900</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="148B538678501674FB77360AA606FAEA" box="[1265,1342,1375,1400]" degrees="3,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" precision="55" value="-3.0">–3,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l.) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FF1936D1A3CDFA0F" box="[159,245,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-428@13.[151,1436,877,1841]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photograph of the holotype locality for Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. at the edge of a pine forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, 26 km after San José del Pacífico: A. Large stand of the possible host plant, Salvia elegans (Pineapple sage). B. Closeup view of the plant and its brilliant red flowers. C. Full view of locality just off Highway 175." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914529/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
) within the southern parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B37BFBA378501674FBB736D1A7BEFA0F" box="[1073,1158,1412,1437]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A875D178501674FB1536D1A7DFFA0F" box="[1171,1255,1412,1437]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478501674FB7E36D1A601FA0F" box="[1272,1337,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). These vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FE9736FDA273FA52" box="[273,331,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">types</typeStatus>
|
||
have been observed on diverse classes of rock: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic, and do not tolerate draining deficiencies. Associated soil is of moderate acidity (pH 5.5–6.5) with abundant litter and organic matter in the superficial horizon and often in deeper horizons as well. Soil texture varies from clay to sand and the color is typically red, although sometimes it is also possible to find yellow, black, brown, or grey. According to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, the climate of the region in which these forests can be found is primarily
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FE803509A211F9E1" box="[262,297,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Aw</emphasis>
|
||
(equatorial, winter dry), but also:
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FD363509A1EDF9E1" box="[688,725,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Am</emphasis>
|
||
(equatorial, monsoonal),
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FC713509A719F9E7" box="[1015,1057,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Bsh</emphasis>
|
||
(arid, summer dry, hot arid),
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FAF23509A6A4F9E7" box="[1396,1436,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Cfa</emphasis>
|
||
(warm temperate, fully humid, hot summer),
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FD2B352AA1EDF90A" box="[685,725,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Cfb</emphasis>
|
||
(warm temperate, fully humid, warm summer),
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FA9235D5A67FF905" box="[1300,1351,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Cwa</emphasis>
|
||
(warm temperate, winter dry, hot summer), and
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FDDD35F1A1B6F92F" box="[603,654,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Cwb</emphasis>
|
||
(warm temperate, winter dry, warm summer) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B078501674FB1135F1A612F92F" author="Garcia, E." box="[1175,1322,1700,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" refId="ref9380" refString="Garcia, E. (1973) Modificaciones al sistema de clasificacion climatica de K o ppen. Instituto de Geografia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2 nd Edition, 246 pp." type="book" year="1973">García, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B078501674FAB035F1A3C2F972" author="Kottek, M. & Grieser, J. & Beck, C. & Rudolf, B. & Rubel, F." pageId="12" pageNumber="487" pagination="259 - 263" refId="ref9673" refString="Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. & Rubel, F. (2006) World Map of the Koppen - Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15 (3), 259 - 263. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2006 / 0130" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Kottek
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FA0E35F0A38BF972" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The mean precipitation per year ranges from 350 to over
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FCF33592A0DFF94D" box="[885,999,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="mm" value="2000.0">2,000 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but is usually in the range of
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FAAE3592A3FEF891" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="mm" value="900.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="600.0">600–1,200 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Temperatures vary from 10 to 26° C, but are quite often in the range of 12 to 20° C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B078501674FBE335B9A611F897" author="Rzedowski, J." box="[1125,1321,1772,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" refId="ref10269" refString="Rzedowski, J. (1981) The vegetation of Mexico. Editorial Limusa, Mexico, 432 pp." type="book" year="1981">Rzedowski, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178501674FF41345AA713F84F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
The forests are comprised of various species of oaks (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FCA23445A0C3F8BA" box="[804,1019,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspersa">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FCA23445A0C3F8BA" box="[804,1019,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Quercus conspersa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FB8F3445A75CF8BA" authorityName="Liebmann" authorityYear="1854" box="[1033,1124,1807,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FB8F3445A75CF8BA" box="[1033,1124,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Q. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FBF43445A7DEF8BA" box="[1138,1254,1807,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FBF43445A7DEF8BA" box="[1138,1254,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Q. laurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FB733445A654F8BA" box="[1269,1388,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FB733445A65FF8BA" box="[1269,1383,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">Q. rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FF113461A209F8DF" authorityName="Liebmann" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,305,1844,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ocoteifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF113461A209F8DF" box="[151,305,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Q. ocoteifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among others in addition to nunemrous species of pines (
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FC3D3461A73BF8D9" box="[955,1027,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FC3D3461A0C4F8D9" box="[955,1020,1844,1867]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, hornbeams (
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FB1B3461A636F8D9" box="[1181,1294,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FB1B3461A63EF8D9" box="[1181,1286,1844,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FA9B3461A212F8FD" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FA9B3461A65EF8D9" box="[1309,1382,1844,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Styracaceae" genus="Styrax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Styrax</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Ternstroemia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. All of these trees can range from
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FD3C3402A010F8FD" box="[698,808,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 20 m</quantity>
|
||
in height, sometimes up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878501674FBEF3402A792F8FD" box="[1129,1194,1879,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="B64798A478501674FBEF3402A79EF8FD" box="[1129,1190,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The shrubby layer is comprised of the following genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FDA13428A143F806" box="[551,635,1917,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Bejaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FDA13428A143F806" box="[551,635,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Bejaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FD0F3429A07FF807" box="[649,839,1916,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Comarostaphylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FD0F3429A07FF807" box="[649,839,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Comarostaphylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FCD33429A0E8F807" box="[853,976,1916,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaultheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FCD33429A0E8F807" box="[853,976,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Gaultheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FC583428A713F806" box="[990,1067,1917,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Lyonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FC583428A713F806" box="[990,1067,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Lyonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FBBF3428A745F806" box="[1081,1149,1917,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FBBF3428A745F806" box="[1081,1149,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Litsea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FB0D3428A7E4F806" box="[1163,1244,1917,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FB0D3428A7E4F806" box="[1163,1244,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Myrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FB6D3429A654F807" box="[1259,1388,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FB6D3429A651F807" box="[1259,1385,1916,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Calliandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calliandra</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FF1134F5A237F82B" box="[151,271,1952,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Symplocaceae" genus="Symplocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FF1134F5A237F82B" box="[151,271,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Symplocos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while herbaceous layer contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FD0734F5A1FFF82B" box="[641,711,1952,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FD0734F5A1FFF82B" box="[641,711,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Salvia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FD5334F5A001F825" box="[725,825,1952,1975]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Arenaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FD5334F5A001F825" box="[725,825,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Arenaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FCC034F5A09AF82B" box="[838,930,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FCC034F5A0A6F82B" box="[838,926,1952,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lobelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278501674FC5F34F4A70BF82A" box="[985,1075,1953,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378501674FC5F34F4A70BF82A" box="[985,1075,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Lupinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Climbing plants, epiphytes and rock-growers, are also quite common in these
|
||
<typeStatus id="AE048BE378501674FD1B3491A1E0F84E" box="[669,728,1988,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B078501674FCD03491A726F84F" author="Rzedowski, J." box="[854,1054,1988,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" refId="ref10269" refString="Rzedowski, J. (1981) The vegetation of Mexico. Editorial Limusa, Mexico, 432 pp." type="book" year="1981">Rzedowski, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78511675FF4133C2A6A0FD17" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178511675FF4133C2A61FFE67" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
During both collecting expeditions (2011 and 2013) we found adults (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FC7233C2A77FFF22" box="[1012,1095,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-60@4.[300,1293,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of both known color forms of male specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Holotype; lighter color form. B. Paratype; darker color form. C. Thoracic view of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914513/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FBD033C2A75EFF22" box="[1110,1126,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-126@5.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the known color form of an adult female specimen (paratype) of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Lateral view. B. Thoracic view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914515/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">3</figureCitation>
|
||
, and 10), but also nymphs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FF1933E9A3D4FF47" box="[159,236,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[318,1274,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of known color forms of nymphal specimens of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Female; lighter color form. B. Female; darker color form. C. Male; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914517/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FEA433E9A205FF47" box="[290,317,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,193,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-190@15.[152,1434,193,1658]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Field photographs of nymphs of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from across the three known localites in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Most likely 2nd instar; lighter color form. B. Most likely 3rd instar; darker color form. C. Most likely 4th instar; darker color form. D. Most likely 5th instar; lighter color form. E. Most likely 5th instar; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">11</figureCitation>
|
||
) representing almost all developmental stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FCD733E9A09AFF47" box="[849,930,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,193,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-190@15.[152,1434,193,1658]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Field photographs of nymphs of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. from across the three known localites in Oaxaca, Mexico: A. Most likely 2nd instar; lighter color form. B. Most likely 3rd instar; darker color form. C. Most likely 4th instar; darker color form. D. Most likely 5th instar; lighter color form. E. Most likely 5th instar; darker color form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), indicating that this species persists, at least, until the end of January, throughout some of the coldest times of the year in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A875D178511675FC7E338AA768FF6A" box="[1016,1104,223,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which suggests, based on its size and overlapping presence of almost all life stages, that this grasshopper has a lifespan lasting several months. This idea was seemingly confirmed by the fact that the
|
||
<specimenCount id="67B9FEC878511675FD7B327DA05DFED2" box="[765,869,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens discovered in MNHN were collected in May. According to multiple conversations with local residents, this grasshopper is abundant and easy to find throughout the area. Based on the currently known localities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FCCE323AA0B1FE1A" box="[840,905,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), it is possible that the geographic range of this grasshopper is confined to the southern parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FB0732C1A7E0FE3F" box="[1153,1240,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[150,249,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-558@1.[151,1436,1174,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. View of overall collection region within Oaxaca, Mexico. B. Relief map depicting specific site of the three known localities. C. Zoomed-in relief map displaying the three individual localities: 1) holotype locality, 26 km after San José del Pacífico, 2) 29 km after San José del Pacífico, and 3) 1.3 km Northwest of Suchixtepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914511/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, in 2013, a male and female were observed copulating in the typical manner of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FBAB32E2A66FFE42" authority="(Otte, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Otte" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1069,1367,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melanoplinae">
|
||
Melanoplinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B078511675FB5032E2A676FE42" author="Otte, D." box="[1238,1358,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref10289" refString="Otte, D. (1970) A comparative study of communicative behavior in grasshoppers. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 141, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1970">Otte, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while the pair was hanging from a shrubby plant in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FD383289A00FFE67" box="[702,823,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family about two meters from ground level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178511675FF413155A6A0FD17" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
In 2011, both nymph and adult specimens were collected on a single (possible) host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FB7332AAA6A3FD8A" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1804" box="[1269,1435,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FB7332AAA6A3FD8A" box="[1269,1435,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Salvia elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pineapple sage) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FEE43171A2DEFDAF" box="[354,486,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-428@13.[151,1436,877,1841]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photograph of the holotype locality for Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. at the edge of a pine forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, 26 km after San José del Pacífico: A. Large stand of the possible host plant, Salvia elegans (Pineapple sage). B. Closeup view of the plant and its brilliant red flowers. C. Full view of locality just off Highway 175." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914529/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 9A&B</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is also part of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FD6F3171A05DFDAF" box="[745,869,548,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possesses showy red flowers, and is native to the pine-oak forests (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478511675FEDE3112A296FDF2" box="[344,430,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-428@13.[151,1436,877,1841]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photograph of the holotype locality for Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. at the edge of a pine forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, 26 km after San José del Pacífico: A. Large stand of the possible host plant, Salvia elegans (Pineapple sage). B. Closeup view of the plant and its brilliant red flowers. C. Full view of locality just off Highway 175." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914529/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A875D178511675FE5C3112A117FDF2" box="[474,559,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A875D178511675FDE33112A1DAFDF2" box="[613,738,583,608]" name="Guatemala" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
. During the 2013 expedition we collected further specimens of the new species in the same kind of habitat, but on a wider range of plants, mostly members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FB473139A602FD17" box="[1217,1338,620,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78511675FF4131DAA636FCAA" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178511675FF4131DAA636FCAA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FF4131DAA2F4FD3A" bold="true" box="[199,460,655,680]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" reason="1">Phylogenetic analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
Our matrix based on COI and COII consisted of 2,289 aligned nucleotides and 42 taxa. The PartitionFinder analysis found that the best-fit data-partitioning scheme was partitioning the alignment into two subsets by treating the first codon position of COI and the third codon position as a single partition with the remainders combined as the second partition. For the Bayesian analysis, PartitionFinder recommended GTR+G as the best model of nucleotide substitution for the first partition, and GTR+I+G for the second partition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="25C065C978511675FF113413A766F808" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914529/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" startId="13.[151,250,1862,1884]" targetBox="[151,1436,877,1841]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178511675FF113413A766F808" blockId="13.[151,1436,1862,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FF113413A22AF8C9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1862,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of the holotype locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FD203413A058F8CE" authority="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song, 2014" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[678,864,1862,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FD203413A058F8CE" box="[678,864,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Liladownsia fraile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FCE03412A722F8CE" bold="true" box="[870,1050,1863,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58F8542878511675FCE03412A0FCF8CE" box="[870,964,1863,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at the edge of a pine forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, 26 km after San José del Pacífico:
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FDCB3430A15EF8E8" bold="true" box="[589,614,1893,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Large stand of the possible host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278511675FC763430A7BAF8E9" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1804" box="[1008,1154,1893,1915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FC763430A7BAF8E9" box="[1008,1154,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Salvia elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pineapple sage).
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FABA3430A66CF8E8" bold="true" box="[1340,1364,1893,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup view of the plant and its brilliant red flowers.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378511675FD0034D1A1A7F808" bold="true" box="[646,671,1924,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Full view of locality just off Highway 175.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="25C065C978521676FF1134E0A2F9F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914531/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489" startId="14.[151,250,1973,1995]" targetBox="[169,1413,193,1931]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178521676FF1134E0A2F9F878" blockId="14.[151,1436,1973,2026]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378521676FF1134E0A21BF858" bold="true" box="[151,291,1973,1995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Field photographs of both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278521676FD2E34E0A05EF859" authority="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song, 2014" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[680,870,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378521676FD2E34E0A05EF859" box="[680,870,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Liladownsia fraile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378521676FCF734E0A709F858" bold="true" box="[881,1073,1973,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58F8542878521676FCF734E0A0EBF858" box="[881,979,1973,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the type locality in Oaxaca, Mexico:
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378521676FF773481A232F87B" bold="true" box="[241,266,2004,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378521676FEE13481A246F87B" bold="true" box="[359,382,2004,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="25C065C978531677FF1135DAA634F97A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4914533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" startId="15.[151,250,1679,1701]" targetBox="[152,1433,193,1658]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178531677FF1135DAA634F97A" blockId="15.[151,1436,1679,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FF1135DAA227F936" bold="true" box="[151,287,1679,1701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Field photographs of nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FDFF35DAA00DF937" authority="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song, 2014" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[633,821,1679,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FDFF35DAA00DF937" box="[633,821,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">Liladownsia fraile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FCBA35C5A0CEF937" bold="true" box="[828,1014,1680,1701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58F8542878531677FCBA35C5A0A4F937" box="[828,924,1680,1701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from across the three known localites in Oaxaca, Mexico:
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FECB35E5A25EF957" bold="true" box="[333,358,1712,1733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Most likely 2
|
||
<superScript id="86CA980978531677FE7F35F8A13EF928" attach="left" box="[505,518,1709,1722]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">nd</superScript>
|
||
instar; lighter color form.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FC9A35E4A00BF954" bold="true" box="[796,819,1713,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Most likely 3
|
||
<superScript id="86CA980978531677FC4035F8A0EAF928" attach="left" box="[966,978,1709,1722]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">rd</superScript>
|
||
instar; darker color form.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FB6035E5A7C6F954" bold="true" box="[1254,1278,1712,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Most likely 4
|
||
<superScript id="86CA980978531677FA1735F8A6A4F928" attach="right" box="[1425,1436,1709,1722]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">th</superScript>
|
||
instar; darker color form.
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FE1A3587A28CF975" bold="true" box="[412,436,1746,1767]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Most likely 5
|
||
<superScript id="86CA980978531677FDC7359AA174F94E" attach="left" box="[577,588,1743,1756]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">th</superScript>
|
||
instar; lighter color form. E. Most likely 5
|
||
<superScript id="86CA980978531677FC7A359AA73FF94E" attach="left" box="[1020,1031,1743,1756]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">th</superScript>
|
||
instar; darker color form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39A566CA78531668FF413441A149FE8F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7100354178531668FF413441A149FE8F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1812,2017]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Both ML and Bayesian analyses recovered nearly identical topologies and we present the ML phylogram for discussion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E98429C478531677FE98346DA24CF8C3" box="[286,372,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,334,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-161@16.[151,1436,331,1724]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. A phylogeny of Melanoplinae based on COI and COII genes. Shown here is the ML phylogram. Bootstrap support values/posterior probability values are shown on each node. Branches are color-coded by tribe and Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. is in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4914535/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nodal supports varied from weak to strong depending on the nodes. Monophyletic groups were recovered for the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FDA53409A185F8E7" baseAuthorityName="Otte" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[547,701,1884,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melanoplinae">Melanoplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
overall as well as for four of the five included tribes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FAC73409A6A0F8E7" authorityName="Hebard" authorityYear="1924" box="[1345,1432,1884,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Jivarini">Jivarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FF1134D5A233F80B" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,267,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Podismini">Podismini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FE9D34D5A29EF80B" box="[283,422,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanoplini">Melanoplini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FE6D34D5A157F80B" authorityName="Rehn & Randell" authorityYear="1963" box="[491,623,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dichroplini">Dichroplini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The analysis did not recover monophyly for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FB1534D5A629F80B" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1897" box="[1171,1297,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dactylotini">Dactylotini</taxonomicName>
|
||
because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FA0734D4A3E7F82F" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Hesperotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FA0734D4A3E7F82F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">H. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed basally to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FE5D34F1A150F82F" box="[475,616,1956,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanoplini">Melanoplini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, the remaining three dactylotine taxa that were included,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FA0734F0A279F873" authority="bicolor" authorityName="bicolor Charpentier" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Dactylotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bicolor" subSpecies="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FA0734F0A279F873" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">D. bicolor bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FED6349CA13FF872" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[336,519,1993,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Perixerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FED6349CA13FF872" box="[336,519,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">P. squamipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FDCE349CA19DF873" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[584,677,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FDCE349CA19DF873" box="[584,677,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">L. fraile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, formed a clade and a sister relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC278531677FB62349CA6A4F872" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1252,1436,1993,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Perixerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE95378531677FB62349CA6A4F872" box="[1252,1436,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">P. squamipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FF4F33CCA21FFF22" authorityName="Woller & Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Song" authorityYear="2014" box="[201,295,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Liladownsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraile">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE953784C1668FF4F33CCA21FFF22" box="[201,295,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">L. fraile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. was robustly recovered. Based on this phylogenetic relationship, as well as the previous findings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B0784C1668FF1833E9A20DFF47" author="Chapco, W." box="[158,309,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" pagination="59 - 63" refId="ref8674" refString="Chapco, W. (2006) A note on the phylogenetic position of Duartettix montanus within the subfamily Melanoplinae. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 15, 59 - 63. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 (2006) 15 [59: anotpp] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Chapco 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="152E48B0784C1668FEEB33E9A1ECFF47" author="Chintauan-Marquier, I. C. & Jordan, S. & Berthier, P. & Amedegnato, C. & Pompanon, F." box="[365,724,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref8890" refString="Chintauan-Marquier, I. C., Jordan, S., Berthier, P., Amedegnato, C. & Pompanon, F. (2011) Evolutionary history and taxonomy of a short-horned grasshopper subfamily: The Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58, 22 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 (2002) 011 [0001: ampaot] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Chintauan-Marquier
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE953784C1668FDDF33E8A1AAFF47" box="[601,658,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we find that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FCF133E8A735FF46" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1876" box="[887,1037,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Hesperotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43CBE953784C1668FCF133E8A735FF46" box="[887,1037,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">Hesperotettix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FB6A33E9A655FF47" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1897" box="[1260,1389,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dactylotini">Dactylotini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FF3C338AA27FFF6A" box="[186,327,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanoplini">Melanoplini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, at the tribal level, the following relationships were recovered: ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FB2E338AA638FF6A" authorityName="Hebard" authorityYear="1924" box="[1192,1280,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Jivarini">Jivarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FAA4338AA6A0FF6A" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1314,1432,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Podismini">Podismini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FF183251A218FE8F" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1897" box="[158,288,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dactylotini">Dactylotini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FEAA3251A281FE8F" box="[300,441,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanoplini">Melanoplini</taxonomicName>
|
||
)),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6BF4EC2784C1668FE503251A164FE8F" authorityName="Rehn & Randell" authorityYear="1963" box="[470,604,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dichroplini">Dichroplini</taxonomicName>
|
||
)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |