437 lines
58 KiB
XML
437 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="53B9E7F103840C8D6CBA5C7B99173B43" ID-CLB-Dataset="4794" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="18580358-b480-42d8-943f-677d86eac7de" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981073" ID-ZooBank="014B4CEE-EF18-4CE5-930E-4E46DCE5118E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629866907767" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Spotorno, Angel E., Zuleta, Carlos, Walker, Laura I., Manriquez, German, Valladares, Pablo & Marin, Juan C." docDate="2013" docId="03B887A6015E081AA0E6F8E8FD1AFAA5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03683p394.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3683 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eligmodontia dunaris Spotorno & Zuleta & Walker & Manriquez & Valladares & Marin 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="388" masterDocId="FF81FFDE01560811A071FF8DFFA0FFA9" masterDocTitle="A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="377" pageNumber="385" updateTime="1699144424763" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E82EAB184C32A5D4A2F3372580814222">A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="775586AA477E8A24FA3B3781880921FC">Spotorno, Angel E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29FB3116A5108C03BE4AC9D2235D8C19">Laboratorio de Citogenética Evolutiva, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6EC33B67FAA2DA61CE8ADE1481FF7CAB" type="email">aspotorn@med.uchile.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5A2A2BACC2A5F1238363BA4B04FEAC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="322EC0BB152EE3C0B5FC69C1A5CEDDF4">Zuleta, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C714F5E0128D7289D949ED63D0ECD97">Laboratorio de Ecología de Vertebrados, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La Serena, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8D56379B450ABACC019546B76507016F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC090EE93EEA5773F01C19609730097">Walker, Laura I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C7E9EEB06F6FBD9C2353BB7B3D63C31A">Laboratorio de Citogenética Evolutiva, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98C1390CBE7799EAD4ACD2B383CFC5B2">Manriquez, German</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="914EDE05271D526B59FB903B6011AFEB">Laboratorio de Citogenética Evolutiva, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B972B40890BEAFAE4FAC3C685B0117D">Valladares, Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B19E7EC255B72CA560E754D62904603">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9BECB8AF32BA65D51DF22B22F567E23A">Marin, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="91EF7CE8DD2156D169E629D96F33CB48">Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May. Av. Andrés Bello s / n, Chillán, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8A490149015214EBF33C3A696CC2B88B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="12C559A8ED17AAD92C7DEC731CBB2343">3683</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B887A6015E081AA0E6F8E8FD1AFAA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157024" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184961091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887A6015E081AA0E6F8E8FD1AFAA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887A6015E081AA0E6F8E8FD1AFAA5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
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<subSubSection id="C30B653B015E0819A0E6F8E8FD8BF8D7" box="[151,555,1893,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015E0819A0E6F8E8FD8BF8D7" blockId="8.[151,555,1893,1918]" box="[151,555,1893,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
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<heading id="D0E681DC015E0819A0E6F8E8FD8BF8D7" bold="true" box="[151,555,1893,1918]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015E0819A0E6F8E8FE34F8D7" ID-CoL="6F48G" authority="Spotorno & Zuleta & Walker & Manriquez & Valladares & Marin, 2013" authorityName="Spotorno & Zuleta & Walker & Manriquez & Valladares & Marin" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,404,1893,1918]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunaris" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B965EAA2015E0819A0E6F8E8FE34F8D7" bold="true" box="[151,404,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Eligmodontia dunaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B965EAA2015E0819A1D3F8EBFD8BF8D7" bold="true" box="[418,555,1893,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657D9015E0819A1D3F8EBFD8BF8D7" box="[418,555,1893,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B653B015E0818A0E6F823FAAEFF7D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015E0819A0E6F823FC55F840" blockId="8.[151,1435,1966,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
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<materialsCitation id="3B793CED015E0819A0E6F823FC55F840" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3338666301" collectingDate="2011-05" collectionCode="R, LCM" collectorName="C. Zuleta" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" specimenCode="MNHN 1546" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B965EAA2015E0819A0E6F823FEABF86F" bold="true" box="[151,267,1966,1990]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" reason="1">
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<typeStatus id="54AA8812015E0819A0E6F823FEA6F86F" box="[151,262,1966,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBB79ECB015E0819A163F823FE0AF86F" box="[274,426,1966,1990]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">MNHN 1546</specimenCode>
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, adult male,
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<quantity id="4CE99B55015E0819A24AF823FD24F86F" box="[571,644,1966,1990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.53" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="g" value="15.3">15.3 g</quantity>
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, collected by
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<collectorName id="26E45366015E0819A350F823FC2AF86F" box="[801,906,1966,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">C. Zuleta</collectorName>
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE75015E0819A3E0F823FC07F86C" box="[913,935,1966,1989]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">R</collectionCode>
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. in
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<date id="FFAF1070015E0819A3A1F823FBE2F86F" box="[976,1090,1966,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" value="2011-05">
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<collectingDate id="EFEBE998015E0819A3A1F823FBE2F86F" box="[976,1090,1966,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" value="2011-05">May 2011</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(original
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE75015E0819A4C3F823FB4EF86F" box="[1202,1262,1966,1990]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f2mw-bmzs" name="Universidad de Chile, Laboratorio de Citogenetica de Mamiferos" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">LCM</collectionCode>
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number 4599), skull (Fig, 6A, B, and C), dried skin and skeleton, and soft tissues in ethanol.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015F0818A0B6FF15FAAEFF7D" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
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<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A0B6FF15FEC5FF19" bold="true" box="[199,357,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" reason="1">Type locality.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B793CED015F0818A11AFF1AFAAAFF7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3338666302" collectorName="La Higuera & Sector Playa Los Choros" country="Chile" elevation="15" latitude="-29.233334" location="central Chile" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="-71.3" municipality="La" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coquimbo">
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<collectingCountry id="F3067620015F0818A11AFF1AFE62FF06" box="[363,450,151,175]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">CHILE</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49D5F852015F0818A1BDFF1AFD3EFF06" box="[460,670,151,175]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Coquimbo Region</collectingRegion>
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: comuna
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<collectorName id="26E45366015F0818A379FF15FC29FF06" box="[776,905,151,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCAACCA015F0818A379FF15FC86FF06" box="[776,806,152,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">La</collectingMunicipality>
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Higuera
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26E45366015F0818A3E5FF1AFB09FF06" box="[916,1193,151,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Sector Playa Los Choros</collectorName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE255077015F0818A4C9FF1AFABEFF06" box="[1208,1310,151,175]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" precision="925" value="-29.233334">29°14’ S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE255077015F0818A55BFF1AFA38FF06" box="[1322,1432,151,175]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" precision="925" value="-71.3">71°18’ W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A0E6FF31FF53FF7D" box="[151,243,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="m" value="15.0">
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<elevation id="003CD183015F0818A0E6FF31FF53FF7D" box="[151,243,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="m" value="15.0">15 masl</elevation>
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</quantity>
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),
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<locationDeviation id="9A1C2F92015F0818A177FF31FE5EFF7D" box="[262,510,188,212]" location="La Serena" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
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<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A177FF31FEEDFF7D" box="[262,333,188,212]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
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N of La Serena
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</locationDeviation>
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city (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A35015F0818A24FFF31FD21FF7D" box="[574,641,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[287,1286,196,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-159@2.[282,1305,193,1611]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of southern South America showing localities for previously (numbered) and presently studied Eligmodontia specimens (modified from Mares et al. 2008). Below species names are modal diploid chromosome numbers/FN. New northcentral Chile Eligmodontia sites are marked with an X. Map of the infertile Atacama Desert in dark gray (from Latorre 2002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981076/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015F0818A2C6FF31FD7AFF7D" box="[695,730,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">7B</figureCitation>
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), in the coastal transitional desert of
|
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<location id="8ECE606B015F0818A406FF31FAAAFF7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887A6015E081AA0E6F8E8FD1AFAA5:8ECE606B015F0818A406FF31FAAAFF7D" box="[1143,1290,188,212]" country="Chile" latitude="-29.233334" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="-71.3" municipality="La" name="central Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" stateProvince="Coquimbo">central Chile</location>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B653B015F0818A0B6FF52FCCBFE05" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015F0818A0B6FF52FCCBFE05" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
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<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A0B6FF52FEC0FF51" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Restricted to semidesertic habitats south of the plant free
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D5F852015F0818A39BFF52FB3DFF5E" box="[1002,1181,223,247]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Atacama Desert</collectingRegion>
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in north-central
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3067620015F0818A529FF52FA37FF5E" box="[1368,1431,223,247]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, from the coastal dunes of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA8812015F0818A19AFE89FDBBFEB5" box="[491,539,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">type</typeStatus>
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locality at Playa Los Choros,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D5F852015F0818A307FE89FBE5FEB5" box="[886,1093,260,284]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Coquimbo Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015F0818A427FE89FB0FFEB5" box="[1110,1199,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), through the central plains 30 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A142FEAAFEDAFE96" box="[307,378,295,319]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
|
||
south of Copiapó city,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D5F852015F0818A2F1FEAAFC9EFE96" box="[640,830,295,319]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Atacama Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and reaching the coasts of Copiapó,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D5F852015F0818A491FEAAFA3CFE96" box="[1248,1436,295,319]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Atacama Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
at Playa Rodillo,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A12AFEC1FE09FECD" box="[347,425,332,356]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
|
||
N of the Caldera port. Additionally, one living specimen identified by external characters was observed at a burrow entrance in sandy soil, captured and released alive at Bahia Salado,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A4CEFEE2FAA7FE2E" box="[1215,1287,367,391]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Caldera (two photographs taken by Mr. Alvaro Sepulveda T.; not shown)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B653B015F0818A0B6FE35FA9CFE66" box="[199,1340,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015F0818A0B6FE35FA9CFE66" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,823]" box="[199,1340,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A0B6FE35FEEDFE79" bold="true" box="[199,333,440,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name designates the preferred dunarian habitat of this new mammal species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B653B015F0818A0B6FE56FB91FC9E" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015F0818A0B6FE56FB91FC9E" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A0B6FE56FEE1FE5D" bold="true" box="[199,321,475,500]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A member of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A227FE51FD55FE5D" box="[598,757,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015F0818A227FE51FD51FE5D" box="[598,753,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eligmodontia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinguishable from all the other species of the genus by its pygmy adult body size (total length ranging
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A2F6FE72FCB9FDBE" box="[647,793,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.52" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="139.0" valueMax="152.0" valueMin="126.0">126-152 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C693030B015F0818A354FE72FCD9FDBE" box="[805,889,511,535]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,241,1299,1323]" captionText="TABLE 2. Lengths (mm) and weights of adults in two species of Eligmodontia. Sample size (n), mean (X), standard deviation (SD), range with minimum and maximum values are given for each character. Significant differences (t-test; P<0.05) were obtained for all characters." pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) and weight (range
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A428FE72FB6DFDBE" box="[1113,1229,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="g" value="12.45" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="9.4">9.4-15.5 g</quantity>
|
||
), as well as by the following combination of characters: small hind foot not larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A3EAFDA9FC4AFD92" box="[923,1002,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A430FDA9FB18FD92" box="[1089,1208,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C693030B015F0818A4B5FDA9FAB9FD95" box="[1220,1305,548,572]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,241,1299,1323]" captionText="TABLE 2. Lengths (mm) and weights of adults in two species of Eligmodontia. Sample size (n), mean (X), standard deviation (SD), range with minimum and maximum values are given for each character. Significant differences (t-test; P<0.05) were obtained for all characters." pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), very light dorsum yellowish brownish gray; whitish immaculate venter; tail without a pencil and whitish dorsally and ventrally slightly differentiated; length of tail slightly shorter than length of head and body; slightly darkish band present extending from nose to between the ears (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015F0818A2CEFD02FCB9FD0E" box="[703,793,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
); ears with external short hairs rather homogenously light gray except a terminal fine dark line; greatest skull length generally
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A3D4FD39FBE8FD62" box="[933,1096,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0799999999999996" metricValueMax="2.17" metricValueMin="1.9899999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="20.799999999999997" valueMax="21.7" valueMin="19.9">19.9-21.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of maxillary toothrow generally
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A179FD5AFE2FFD46" box="[264,399,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.4">3.4-3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of nasals
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015F0818A22BFD5AFD6CFD46" box="[602,716,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="8.15" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="8.0">8-8.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; anterior border of zygomatic plate slightly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015F0818A545FD5AFA2EFD46" box="[1332,1422,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[166,1406,865,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-390@9.[166,1410,865,1906]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 (holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of E. puerulus LCM 1993 (D and G) and E. hirtipes LCM 1748 (E and H) are included for comparisons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981090/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
); rounded bullae and eustachian tubes poorly developed; moderately developed knobs at frontoparietal suture; braincase less inflated with auditory bullae barely visible in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015F0818A3BBFC92FB84FC9E" box="[970,1060,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[166,1406,865,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-390@9.[166,1410,865,1906]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 (holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of E. puerulus LCM 1993 (D and G) and E. hirtipes LCM 1748 (E and H) are included for comparisons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981090/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E6638015F0818A0E6F81DFD59F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981090/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" startId="9.[151,250,1936,1959]" targetBox="[166,1406,865,1906]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015F0818A0E6F81DFD59F84A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1936,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A0E6F81DFEB5F80E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1936,1959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015F0818A16CF81DFD2FF80F" authority="MNHN 1546" authorityName="MNHN" authorityYear="1546" box="[285,655,1936,1958]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A16CF81DFE5DF80F" box="[285,509,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Eligmodontia dunaris</emphasis>
|
||
MNHN 1546
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015F0818A39AF83DFB7CF86C" authority="LCM 1993" authorityName="LCM" authorityYear="1993" box="[1003,1244,1967,1989]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puerulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A39AF83DFBC2F86C" box="[1003,1122,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">E. puerulus</emphasis>
|
||
LCM 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D and G) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015F0818A5F7F83DFEFBF84A" authority="LCM 1748" authorityName="LCM" authorityYear="1748" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015F0818A5F7F83DFF44F84D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">E. hirtipes</emphasis>
|
||
LCM 1748
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E and H) are included for comparisons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E6638015C081BA0E6FBB0FEB6FB06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" startId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015C081BA0E6FBB0FEB6FB06" blockId="10.[151,1436,1085,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA0E6FBB0FEB4FBFA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1085,1108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
(A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015C081BA136FBB3FD19FBFA" authority="MNHN 1547" authorityName="MNHN" authorityYear="1547" box="[327,697,1085,1108]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA136FBB3FD86FBFD" box="[327,550,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Eligmodontia dunaris</emphasis>
|
||
MNHN 1547
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015C081BA57DFBD1FA36FBDB" box="[1292,1430,1116,1138]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA57DFBD1FA36FBDB" box="[1292,1430,1116,1138]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Eligmodontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015C081BA0B1FBF6FE3EFB38" authorityName="MNHN" authorityYear="1547" box="[192,414,1147,1169]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA0B1FBF6FE3EFB38" box="[192,414,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Eligmodontia dunaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B653B015C081AA0B6FB51FD1AFAA5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015C081BA0B6FB51FD12FAC9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA0B6FB51FDABFB5D" bold="true" box="[199,523,1244,1269]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" reason="1">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA8812015C081BA1EFFB51FDA7FB5D" box="[414,519,1244,1268]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
External measurements (in mm): total body length, 75; length of tail, 73; length of hind foot, 19; length of ear, 16. Weight:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015C081BA2F1FA8DFD69FAB0" box="[640,713,1280,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.53" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" unit="g" value="15.3">15.3 g</quantity>
|
||
. Cranial measurements (in mm): greatest length of skull, 21.81; width of braincase, 12.38; diastema, 4.6; nasal foramen, 4.2; palatal bridge, 3.9; bullar length less tube, 3.6; length of maxillary toothrow, 3.8; length of nasals, 8.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015C081BA0B6FAE1FE3AF9F5" blockId="10.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA0B6FAE1FEF8FA2C" bold="true" box="[199,344,1388,1413]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The smallest body size among the species of the genus. Pelage is short, silky and lax. Coloration of the dorsum is light yellow brownish gray, usually darker in coastal or young specimens; venter is white; tail has no pencil and is usually whitish dorsally and ventrally with slight differentiation; tail length a little shorter than length of head and body. Ears of median size usually have whitish pre-auricular tufts reaching the proximal region, with terminally homogenous short light hairs. Color transition from dorsum to venter is sharp. Fore and hind feet are covered with white hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015C081BA194F9ADFD9FF991" box="[485,575,1568,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind feet are elongated; plantar pads D2-4 fused forming a large pad, with hypothenar pad absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015C081BA0B6F9E5FE6BF8B9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">
|
||
Skull is delicate, with rostrum rather short and eyes rather large, giving a juvenile appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015C081BA495F9E5FA9FF929" box="[1252,1343,1640,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nasals not extending beyond premaxillary-frontal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015C081BA294F901FCE4F90D" box="[741,836,1676,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[166,1406,865,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-390@9.[166,1410,865,1906]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 (holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of E. puerulus LCM 1993 (D and G) and E. hirtipes LCM 1748 (E and H) are included for comparisons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Incisive foramina short, the posterior margin just reaching M1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015C081BA145F93DFE2CF961" box="[308,396,1712,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[166,1406,865,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-390@9.[166,1410,865,1906]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 (holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of E. puerulus LCM 1993 (D and G) and E. hirtipes LCM 1748 (E and H) are included for comparisons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palate long, extending beyond the posterior plane of M3. Posterolateral palatal pits anterior to mesopterygoid fossa. Small bullae not very inflated, with eustachian tubes short, not reaching the posterior edge of parapterygoid processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015C081BA0B6F890FC1FF809" blockId="10.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">
|
||
Upper incisors opistodont, ungrooved, and pigmented orange in front. Maxillary toothrows slightly posteriorly convergent. Primary cusps of molars alternate. M1 with anteriomedian flexus absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015C081BA427F8CDFB05F8F1" box="[1110,1189,1856,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[166,1406,865,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-390@9.[166,1410,865,1906]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 (holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of E. puerulus LCM 1993 (D and G) and E. hirtipes LCM 1748 (E and H) are included for comparisons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
). M2 with hypoflexus and metaflexus open and lophs and styles absent. M3 with hypoflexus present. m1 with well-developed procingulum; m2 with anterolophid absent; m3 with hypoflexid present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015C081AA0B6F821FBAAFE05" blockId="10.[151,1436,1244,2025]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1292]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA0B6F821FECDF86C" bold="true" box="[199,365,1964,1989]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" reason="1">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
This rare species has the smallest adult body size among all the species of the genus, as well as among all terrestrial mammals of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3067620015C081BA265F85DFDF4F841" box="[532,596,2000,2024]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015C081BA22EF85DFCF4F841" authorityName="LCM" authorityYear="1748" box="[607,852,2000,2024]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="387" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015C081BA22EF85DFCF4F841" box="[607,852,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="387">Eligmodontia hirtipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished by the following: larger body size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C693030B015D081AA0A4FF1AFE91FF06" box="[213,305,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,241,1299,1323]" captionText="TABLE 2. Lengths (mm) and weights of adults in two species of Eligmodontia. Sample size (n), mean (X), standard deviation (SD), range with minimum and maximum values are given for each character. Significant differences (t-test; P<0.05) were obtained for all characters." pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); hind foot always larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA2D2FF1AFD59FF06" box="[675,761,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, dorsum usually darker, with an external almost blackish terminal wide band at the ears, particularly in juveniles; larger and oblong well-inflated bullae with posterior border almost reaching the anterior border of the foramen magnum; palatal width always larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA533FF52FA3BFF5E" box="[1346,1435,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(intermolar in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C693030B015D081AA148FE89FE2EFEB5" box="[313,398,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,241,1299,1323]" captionText="TABLE 2. Lengths (mm) and weights of adults in two species of Eligmodontia. Sample size (n), mean (X), standard deviation (SD), range with minimum and maximum values are given for each character. Significant differences (t-test; P<0.05) were obtained for all characters." pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); larger incisive foramen (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA2BEFE89FC89FEB5" box="[719,809,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
); posterior border of nasals extends beyond the plane of anterior border of optical foramen; antorbital foramen more rounded and anteriorly convergent; anterior border of zygomatic plate usually straight, not concave; and posterior upper border of optic foramen rather smooth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA0E6FEFDFE39FE21" authorityName="LCM" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,409,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puerulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA0E6FEFDFE39FE21" box="[151,409,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Eligmodontia puerulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the following external characters: larger body size (81.3±
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA578FEE2FAC4FE2E" box="[1289,1380,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), tail length (76.7±3.1), hindfoot (24.3±
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA266FE19FDCEFE05" box="[535,622,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and ear length (17±
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA326FE19FC13FE05" box="[855,947,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
)(n=19).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015D081AA0B6FE35FC36FD46" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA0B6FE35FE25FE79" bold="true" box="[199,389,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductively active individuals were captured in June, September and February-March. In
|
||
<date id="FFAF1070015D081AA0E6FE51FEAAFE5D" box="[151,266,476,500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" value="2011-07">July 2011</date>
|
||
, a
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA15EFE51FEC4FE5D" box="[303,356,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="g" value="14.0">14 g</quantity>
|
||
female from Los Choros gave birth to four newborns after three weeks at the laboratory. In
|
||
<date id="FFAF1070015D081AA0E6FE72FE8BFDBE" box="[151,299,511,535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" value="2011-08">August 2011</date>
|
||
, another
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA1E9FE72FE6CFDB1" box="[408,460,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="g" value="14.0">14 g</quantity>
|
||
female from Los Choros gave birth to three
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA3ADFE72FBB7FDB1" box="[988,1047,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="g" value="2.1">2.1 g</quantity>
|
||
newborns at the laboratory. Wild females weighing 13, 13 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA197FDA9FDB8FD95" box="[486,536,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="g" value="14.0">14 g</quantity>
|
||
were pregnant with 5, 2, and 4 small embryos in September and March. Males weighing 13 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA12BFDCAFE2CFDC9" box="[346,396,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="g" value="16.0">16 g</quantity>
|
||
had testes of 7x4 and 5x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA2D4FDCAFD4AFDF6" box="[677,746,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The stomach of one field specimen at Los Choros contained pieces of herbs, grains and insects; six young males and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D17FD39015D081AA353FDE1FC0EFD2D" box="[802,942,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
|
||
in the lab ate grains from commercial bird foods as well as cat food. This suggests a granivorous/omnivorous diet. Small mammal species reported or observed in the same habitat of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA8812015D081AA250FD39FD23FD65" box="[545,643,692,716]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
included the ubiquitous sigmodontine rodent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA4F3FD39FACCFD65" box="[1154,1388,692,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Abrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceous">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA4F3FD39FACCFD65" box="[1154,1388,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Abrothrix olivaceous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the caviomorph
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA155FD55FDA0FD59" box="[292,512,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA155FD55FE5CFD59" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[292,508,728,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Spalacopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanus">Spalacopus cyanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the gray fox
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA2B4FD55FC2FFD46" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[709,911,728,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lycalopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA2B4FD55FC2FFD46" box="[709,911,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Lycalopex griseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36B0015D081AA0B6FD76FD1AFAA5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA0B6FD76FE8AFCBD" bold="true" box="[199,298,763,788]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The type locality is a sand dune belt of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA371FD71FCE9FCBD" box="[768,841,764,788]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA383FD71FBE1FCBD" box="[1010,1089,764,788]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
in width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015D081AA4CAFD71FAAFFCBD" box="[1211,1295,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four grids placed at the northern dunes with 50 standard Sherman-like traps set
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA39BFC92FB8AFC9E" box="[1002,1066,799,823]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
apart, and active during three consecutive nights, captured only two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA225FCC8FD6CFCF5" authorityName="MNHN" authorityYear="1547" box="[596,716,836,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eligmodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA225FCC8FD6CFCF5" box="[596,716,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">E. dunaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
first, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D17FD39015D081AA337FCC9FC52FCF5" box="[838,1010,836,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
six years later. Rains are scarce and irregular over time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B41015D081AA10BFCEAFDC1FCD6" author="Armesto, J. & Vidiella, P. & Gutierrez, J." box="[378,609,871,896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" pagination="271 - 282" refId="ref9747" refString="Armesto, J., Vidiella, P. & Gutierrez, J. (1993) Plant communities of the fog-free coastal desert of Chile: plant strategies in a fluctuating environment. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 66, 271 - 282." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Armesto
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA195FCE4FDBEFC29" box="[484,542,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); they occur in winter (from May to August), with an annual mean of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA5F1FCEAFF66FC0A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
. There are dry years with less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA21AFC01FD1FFC0A" box="[619,703,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and wet ones with more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA45BFC01FB2DFC0A" box="[1066,1165,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="175.0">175 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Additional moisture is provided by local fog and rain. The plant cover is a xerophytic low matorral, with scarce small shrubs and herbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015D081AA0EEFC59FF59FC45" box="[159,249,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), semi-dry most of the year. Plant cover was 43.9 % at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA8812015D081AA3D2FC59FBA5FC45" box="[931,1029,980,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
site, mainly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA4EBFC59FA3CFC45" box="[1178,1436,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cristaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA4EBFC59FA3CFC45" box="[1178,1436,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Cristaria glaucophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13.4%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA170FC75FE49FBA6" box="[257,489,1016,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Tetragonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maritima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA170FC75FE49FBA6" box="[257,489,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Tetragonia maritima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8.1%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA23CFC75FC8CFBB9" box="[589,812,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA23CFC75FC8CFBB9" box="[589,812,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Frankenia chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.5%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA3C8FC75FB27FBB9" box="[953,1159,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nolana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA3C8FC75FB27FBB9" box="[953,1159,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Nolana divaricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5.9%). Another similar grid set at the southern dunes (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE255077015D081AA189FB91FDC6FB9D" box="[504,614,1052,1076]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="-29.266666">29° 16´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE255077015D081AA207FB91FD4DFB9A" box="[630,749,1052,1076]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="-71.3">71° 18´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA28BFB91FCF5FB9D" box="[762,853,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="20.0">20 masl</quantity>
|
||
) captured a single individual only. The plant cover here was similar (35%), with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA19AFBCCFDCAFBF1" box="[491,618,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA19AFBCCFDCAFBF1" box="[491,618,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">F. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7.6%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA2BEFBCDFC24FBF1" box="[719,900,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cristaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA2BEFBCDFD42FBF1" box="[719,738,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA283FBCDFC24FBF1" box="[754,900,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">glaucophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.2%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D33015D081AA465FBCDFA9FFBF1" box="[1044,1343,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Chorizanthe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frankenioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAA2015D081AA465FBCDFA9FFBF1" box="[1044,1343,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Chorizanthe frankenioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.0%). Two additional grids set at the plain sites ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B55015D081AA2F5FBE9FD6EFBD2" box="[644,718,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
from the sea border (top of
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A35015D081AA464FBE9FBCCFBD5" box="[1045,1132,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[226,1360,193,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1547, paratype (Photo A. Spotorno). (B) Habitat at Playa Los Choros dunes, type locality (Photo C. Zuleta); intensive trapping at the plain belt (top, below sea border) failed to capture any Eligmodontia. (C) Eligmodontia dunaris captured and released alive at Caldera, Atacama, showing bipedal posture (Photo E. Valenzuela by permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5981094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
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) resulted in no captures, a result repeated at two other similar grids set later at the other nearby habitats of Los Choros coastal desert. The two sites south of Copiapó (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE255077015D081AA1D0FB21FDA7FB6D" box="[417,519,1196,1220]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="-27.466667">27°28’ S</geoCoordinate>
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;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE255077015D081AA265FB21FD23FB6D" box="[532,643,1196,1220]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="-70.48333">70°29’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) were semi-desertic sandy plains at the border of a recently completed desert bloom with abundant but ephemeral flowers, seeds and insects. Such a desert bloom is an occasional local event produced during rainy years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B41015D081AA255FB79FD0DFAA5" author="Jaksic, F. M." box="[548,685,1268,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" pagination="241 - 250" refId="ref10403" refString="Jaksic, F. M. (2001) Ecological effects of El Nino in terrestrial ecosystems of western South America. Ecography, 24, 241 - 250." type="journal article" year="2001">Jaksic 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |