208 lines
16 KiB
XML
208 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="284e15e6-931f-4863-b037-68a83c8b53a8" ID-PMC="PMC4857038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-585-51" ID-PubMed="27199604" ID-ZBK="B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-585-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 585" ModsDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" checkinTime="1461901611862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roques, Alain, Copeland, Robert S., Soldati, Laurent, Denux, Olivier & Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne" docDate="2016" docId="50984A35244B04B050E16DD4ACBDA62C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 585: 51-124" docOrigin="ZooKeys 585" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" docTitle="Megastigmus helinae Roques & Copeland, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A2A398C5-E7D8-4B8E-B858-2136275BC907" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FF812555FFDD75799D3DFF99922B9D29" masterDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668163066542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Roques, Alain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soldati, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Denux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>585</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>124</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-585-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898986" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A398C5-E7D8-4B8E-B858-2136275BC907" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/50984A35244B04B050E16DD4ACBDA62C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A2A398C5-E7D8-4B8E-B858-2136275BC907" authority="Roques & Copeland" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus helinae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helinae">Megastigmus helinae Roques & Copeland</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="67">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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Holotype ♀, Kenya, Scandent climber, Rift Valley Prov. Matthews Range,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="1.1777">1.1777°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="37.3141">37.3141°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1342m, 16 Jan 2004, ex.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Helinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helinus integrifolius" order="Rosales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolius">Helinus integrifolius</taxonomicName>
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fruits, A&M coll. N°2692, R. Copeland leg. (NMKE).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Paratypes. 2♀♀, same collection data as holotype (ARC, 1 destroyed); 2♂♂, same collection data as holotype (NMKE, ICIPE).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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Holotype ♀. A small species with body length 3.2 mm (without ovipositor); length of ovipositor sheaths 0.8 mm. Body colour nearly entirely orange-yellow (Figures 15, 16). Head orange with a black ring around each ocellus. Pilosity on lower face pale, but black hairs on malar space, gena, and on dorsum of head, with a row of long hairs on vertex behind ocelli. Antenna entirely yellow. Pronotum orange; remainder of thorax orange except a bisinuate black band along pronotum suture at the anterior part of mid-lobe of mesoscutum (Figure 16), and two small black spots at wing insertions. Pilosity black on thorax dorsum; sparse long hairs on pronotum and mid-lobe of mesoscutum along notauli; scutellum with 3 pairs of black hairs on the sides. Legs entirely pale yellow. Forewing stigma brown without infuscation; basal cell well defined, with disc including 8 long setae, closed by a basal setal line with 8 long hairs and a costal setal line with 6 long hairs; coastal cell with several rows of small setae (Figure 21). Propodeum orange with a narrow, curved black stripe on the center of its anterior part; propodeum hairs black. Gaster entirely orange, with black hairs on sutures. Ovipositor sheaths black, very short, only 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as gaster, 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as body (Figure 16).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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Head transverse (Figure 18), width: height ratio: 1.3 in dorsal view; POL: OOL: 0.8; torulus 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; inter-antennal area as broad as torulus width; scrobe elongate, ca. 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; Scape 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus and F1 (Figure 19); scape 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel, 1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; F2 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; following funicular segments progressively tending to subquadrate from F4 on, with F7 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Pronotum, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum, with coarse transverse carinae (Figure 20); axilla with longitudinal striae; mid-lobe of mesoscutum 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum. Scutellum 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with irregular transverse striae; frenum 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length, mostly smooth with a few longitudinal carinae on sides. Forewing stigma oval, about 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 21); upper part of stigmal vein elongate, 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with coarse longitudinal carinae, and a median carina interrupted in the middle (Figure 20).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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Male. Body colour similar to that of female (Figures 22, 23), orange-yellow with a few black markings: a ring around each ocellus, a transverse fuzzy band on the center of the anterior part of propodeum, a large spot on T3 at gaster insertion, a comma- like spot
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="68" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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the lateral sides of T4, and a smaller, rounded, brownish spot on the lateral sides of the three following tergites. Pilosity as in female. Forewing stigma brown without infuscation (Figure 28); basal cell well defined, the disc with 11 long setae, closed by a basal setal line
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="69" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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7 long setae and a costal setal line with 6 long setae; coastal cell with several rows of small setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">
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Head rectangular (Figure 25), width: height ratio: 1.5 in dorsal view; POL: OOL 0.9; torulus 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; inter-antennal area 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as torulus width;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="70" start="start">scrobe</pageBreakToken>
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2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Scape 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus and F1 (Figure 26); scape 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; F1 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel, 2.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; F2 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; following funicular segments also elongate, with F7 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Pronotum, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum, with coarse transverse carinae (Figure 27); axilla with longitudinal striae; mid-lobe of mesoscutum short, 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum. Scutellum 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with irregular, transverse striae; frenum 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length, mostly smooth with a few longitudinal carinae on sides; Forewing stigma more rounded than in female, about 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 28); upper part of stigmal vein elongate, 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with coarse longitudinal carinae, and short median carina in its upper part (Figure 27). Gaster conspicuously petiolate (Figure 23). Genitalia with rather small aedeagus, its part above digitus only 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as digitus length; digitus with only 2 teeth (Figure 29).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Variation. The transverse brown band at the anterior part of mid-lobe of mesoscutum is less marked in female paratypes. In males, the lateral black-brown spots could be absent on T5-T7.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Helinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helinus integrifolius" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolius">Helinus integrifolius</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Rhamnaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Probably a seed feeder, based on its place in the molecular phylogeny of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megastigmus</taxonomicName>
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spp. (Figure 14). Nevertheless we only sequenced one specimen and it would be necessary to analyze other samples in order to clarify the phylogenetic position, which appeared to vary depending on the marker.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Known only from the Matthews Range, Kenya where it was observed to emerge from 9.8 % of the collected fruits (Table 3).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Named after its host plant.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis and comments">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis and comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">
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This is the only species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megastigmus</taxonomicName>
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found to date to emerge from fruits of the
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<taxonomicName family="Rhamnaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
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. Females are easily distinguished from those of other species present in the region by the very small ovipositor associated with an orange body colour. Genitalic characters differentiate males
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus helinae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helinae">Megastigmus helinae</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of only two teeth on the digitus whereas the other species bear three teeth except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus icipeensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icipeensis">Megastigmus icipeensis</taxonomicName>
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but the phallobase of the latter species is less elongate (Figure 74).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |