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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9592" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.992.55977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="400f6c73-92df-49ca-b27b-bbed9d9eacab" ID-PMC="PMC7677295" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-992-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6F09FA35C1585CCF8F9B519ADD7C0BFA" ID-PubMed="33223905" ID-ZooBank="0F038B5B120E45838E854092C9798566" ModsDocID="1313-2970-992-1" checkinTime="1605278943020" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Parapar, Julio, Capa, Maria, Nygren, Arne &amp; Moreira, Juan" docDate="2020" docId="505C0C3D21C6556E9A829AA68503D265" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 992: 1-58" docOrigin="ZooKeys 992" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.992.55977" docTitle="Terebellides bakkeni Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0D530A3C-65B2-4F9D-A78A-051AE5B62110" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="6F09FA35C1585CCF8F9B519ADD7C0BFA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="6F09FA35C1585CCF8F9B519ADD7C0BFA" masterDocTitle="To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732741858477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9F860C0415DD7F9DA74D74A9FED590D0">To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B1D6475D2981D720FB78263482CCD523" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="309660A6D116E312807E11E0F0920616">Parapar, Julio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BE0D5F55D91B2D4A3C75AC4466428D51">Departamento de Bioloxia, Universidade da Coruna, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="68DA8BDC63AA9BC89C5DE43AE5A0F4EE" type="email">jparapar@udc.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A4CF58909D1CF4F67357EE0388235562">Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="817978B8B57A14175E8CDF392AFA2625">Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1A968D57E88D96B8FBF2F19BB59E9EAE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DACF5BFF6845E2B01AE85B77CB55F1C1">Nygren, Arne</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="257B88624FD55BB0F5F1561BADE6B866">Sjoefartmuseet Akvariet, Goeteborg, Sweden and Institutionen foer marina vetenskaper, Goeteborgs Universitet, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B859E5F6FFE65289E3BA7721C1DC4EFA">Moreira, Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7FDDAACF9A1AE382039C5D49AEE52A74">Departamento de Biologia (Zoologia) &amp; Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A126B03F9E1BDF2050EDF97C73E8FE5B" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-2033</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="C1A7F93F0F58FF84AD7AC6A7039A7EFD">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D05B1ABBA2FF26F041A5793A1E15264">992</mods:number>
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<treatment id="505C0C3D21C6556E9A829AA68503D265" ID-GBIF-Taxon="169056281" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D530A3C-65B2-4F9D-A78A-051AE5B62110" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/505C0C3D21C6556E9A829AA68503D265" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Trichobranchidae" scope_phylum="Annelida">
<subSubSection id="1C05740F5350C8ADCE75F8F0F15E0EA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="15902851F1EA2F0DDE1D3B2E8F13A950" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A207876D0D749A1A1FC9DAB6AF17F517" ID-CoL="85S4K" LSID="505C0C3D-21C6-556E-9A82-9AA68503D265" authority="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira, 2020" authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bakkeni" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bakkeni" status="sp. nov.">Terebellides bakkeni</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23772D67209370DE4D196959A39129D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="062AEF40C2BF03CB2102655B5BD8E6F2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree after Maximum Likelihood analyses on a concatenated dataset of cox 1, 16 S rDNA, ITS 2, and 28 S rDNA (as in Nygren et al. 2018). Bootstrap support values above nodes. Coloured squares indicate the major clades referred herein as Groups A-D. Within Group A, the focus of present study, subgroups A 1 - A 4 and species 6 - 13, 18 - 21, 23, 28 are labelled." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474795" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1F5EE7E02E14708AFA7F4E8ED36D298D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree after Maximum Likelihood analyses on a dataset of cox 1 (including all sequences in Nygren et al. 2018 and in Lavesque et al. 2019). Bootstrap support values above nodes. Species other than members of Group A are collapsed. Species with names refer to those dealt with in present study." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474796" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8C15A224EB64E83505A46FFD613D3451" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C3FCA901D012C8926D387EAA726C14D5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="35B27454CF16206A743007E09C26D497" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2ABCC9D4A9BEA098B1270E0D427075E7" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5BD411DE652D478F6D9A46A2C70BCE3A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="427E8F2647DC3687D3048E90B5CF449E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bathymetric distribution of Terebellides species studied in this work. Subgroups (A 1 - 3) within group A sensu Nygren et al. (2018) are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="21147FA088A0289A0020765AEE28D84E" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Relationship between number of abdominal chaetigers and body length (complete specimens) for Terebellides species described in this work." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 17A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="14509706AE298DE0D1FFE3D09ACB5142" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of discriminatin g taxonomic characters of the species studied in this work. Cells with text in italic show discriminatory characters of each subgroup. Species 18, 19, and 23 were not studied and 12 and 21 only examined with SEM." pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1</figureCitation>
; Suppl. material 1: Table S1; Suppl. material 2: Table S2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D15B53A1DA5F627A645E134068FFE492" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="92166DC185E44658525E9BB2FE565E65" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Species 10
<bibRefCitation id="88FAF89B20C7AC98D633D7D87F447B08" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 18-22, figs 6, 10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBD1E3A056AB378D581BA127F7B2FCCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0C4531C6B54278A9A25F58835A267424" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73CF9BEDDD1A583615CD31D777AD1736" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F8B053C5D101EED621EDF38D2302DE96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Type material.
<emphasis id="1B6B46BE0DB2646B358BB80CC2B3D9F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: ZMBN116395.
<emphasis id="B86DE7D6C9E681349C5B1AAF707C1D98" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
(10 specimens): Barents Sea (ZMBN116388, ZMBN116389), Norwegian coast and shelf (ZMBN116390, ZMBN116391, ZMBN116392, ZMBN116393, ZMBN116394, ZMBN116396, NTNU-VM61376, NTNU-VM61377).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E197AE2F908A9394498A3AFB62F08CE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="885AF07C7054F79979B1FD0FA530F02B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E9DA34900068F4A9EC70C84C1155372E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Complete specimen, 32.0 mm long and 2.0 mm width (Figs
<figureCitation id="63AAC806E1E554DE473E9C719DA2CA55" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="579C760AD32E257ABF8D311B277F6C36" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="272C701BE78BA876604F5B7AE7D709B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D9B638F64830AC2EAC2BBFD0D6BD4378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">GenBank accession numbers of material examined (COI).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F5201A92EECA11F7B7AF55930A430CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EEA3202BD103EF300555AE8879EA585E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: MG025165;
<emphasis id="043FA456543555993FA0F2488DD64D16" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: MG025159, MG025160, MG025161, MG025162, MG025163, MG025164, MG025165, MG025166, MG025168, MG025169, MG025170.
<emphasis id="38FE6A9AD731A9FE5EAD82ABDF16E0F5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material</emphasis>
: MG025167.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27B6AD53A03FFC86117623010E3FA76D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="BEFFC802C5D0AC08D3178E851BBB28BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic features of type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66DDAC1921B1815EB65DF1E1CB75AC9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Complete individuals ranging from 23.0-32.0 mm in length (Fig.
<figureCitation id="520F329B7D2E775E2CCA5EBC85BE1483" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Relationship between number of abdominal chaetigers and body length (complete specimens) for Terebellides species described in this work." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17A</figureCitation>
). Branchial dorsal lobes lamellae without papillary projections. Ventral branchial lobes generally hidden behind dorsal ones (Figs
<figureCitation id="A45657F03F2A2877BFFC44346A749463" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B86E8D5279D27525D7489EB51EB4CCE3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="86BFB0B0BE11EB9E33C090AAAFE6012A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A-C</figureCitation>
). Lateral lappets and dorsal projection of thoracic chaetigers present on TC2(TC3)-TC5(TC4) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6243D88B148E0249FD3EA018E5FFB92F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
). Geniculate chaetae in TC6 acutely bent, with low marked capitium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BD41889CF2260FE93B3C70AFF9304F18" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A, B</figureCitation>
). Ciliated papilla dorsal to thoracic notopodia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6BEAF348FC37AD845C8D94D9414C7B6A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5F</figureCitation>
). Thoracic uncini in one row with rostrum/capitium length ratio of approximately 2: 1 and capitium with a first row of three or four medium-sized teeth, followed by several smaller teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E6E7A334F735D7730151FBCD1F97F0F6" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6C-E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen with 25-29 pairs of neuropodia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="646F47744847B42492A895B815D77ECC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6F</figureCitation>
) with type 1 uncini (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3A76643608F9607154090280B7CFFBA0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E10458DBCA3482A9823882AFE6847361" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nucleotide diagnostic features">
<paragraph id="17CC83D5CA16AE97C442ED878EEBAD04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nucleotide diagnostic features.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26874BDA8E57D636AB05225AF7E623AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Members of
<taxonomicName id="71FFB8C7BD8F5BD78D222550BB225179" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="EBC07D208B431BD53C16469D85B1FBBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. share the following unique nucleotides at these given positions of our alignement: 162 (G), 168 (C), 345 (G; shared only with one specimen from species 17).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CA94D402ABF0A2677034D90B89A289C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="7C019ADF4522B56E2901611BB4510703" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE56DD23A7040F67C8F9EAF44C47D7C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nordland, Sortlaandssunder (Lofoten Islands); 119 m deep (Suppl. material 1: Table S1).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="405188E848EF1203B2AEC67C220D5078" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="896E7D0F7E8540DBBC7459218A167189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and bathymetry.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10467250065CB13EBAB8FA9F0743D5E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, northern Norwegian coasts from the Lofoten Islands to Trondheim; at depths of102-378 m (
<bibRefCitation id="E3F061C5BE4F91059CCAD2E0FCFE2C03" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) (Figs
<figureCitation id="F507D0BE88F666B672973A94EEB4E272" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="24EE77A3074B3EE84B2066FCDDD95FAE" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bathymetric distribution of Terebellides species studied in this work. Subgroups (A 1 - 3) within group A sensu Nygren et al. (2018) are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
; Suppl. material 1: Table S1). One specimen found in North Iceland at 1,250 m deep.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B613B481B25CC60C5032AF281F7BBF09" doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="2651E8ED67C4DBE743AD0C8499D5D1A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A81602FEA755CC493D508AB377F109C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of
<emphasis id="7F9DCBB77CA81DDC2CE15862E124FECB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="67E9395B0CFCC5512278C1C3A8593BB6" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="CF21977A8479A7305615BA786C2F653E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="E95FAAF708B8195F9A4BA1137B675E47" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA5B681BB00E594CC492541EBAB700C6" lsidName="T. stroemii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis id="827C81E883A2A94720028A1B73AE61FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sars, 1835
<emphasis id="7E299EDEAB28659F70E8653032F55C0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78EBECCC1DCF61C9FFEB10C0EADE4183" lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="182B97D149B9EB5A029022C8F2B29BD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="5DED4A379D653637BCEBEC09AD6E2CEE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84732F7BD03E7A263D17B6F69E4CE9FC" lsidName="T. bigeniculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bigeniculatus">
<emphasis id="8FA31F84430C266A75FFE85F720A372C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bigeniculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CA6DE7BA808CF408C1EB986FA882ECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="03479E5720DAF233890EB5C4BA88CB10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3912677E96CBDC756245473D74E2B0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is named after Dr. Torkild Bakken, from the NTNU-University Museum, Trondheim (Norway), housing institution of some of the specimens used in the present study, for his dedication to the study of Norwegian polychaetes and his friendship.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8A29087FADAD34617FE13D2AA9526B29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="5BC15C219C0BB4915C7D53CDF5E872E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42BE69A692895B757CE70D27E921B975" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5713E827CDAEAD2FA50A506EF7124439" authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bakkeni" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="3C432876A47A250D2557AA5EFE7526E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is a small-sized species, maximum-sized specimens reaching 20.0 mm in length (n = 3). This species is characterised by the presence of ciliated papilla dorsal to thoracic notopodia, lack of papillae on the margins of branchial lamellae and presenting abdominal uncini of type 1. Most of these features are also shared by the closest relative,
<taxonomicName id="8D36F89A337DE487764ED0E372075D22" lsidName="T. stroemii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis id="7646791A192B5392D3CB33DA6D70C8B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(species 11 herein), but they differ in the morphology of the abdominal uncini, being of type 2 in
<taxonomicName id="A16C6C5659C34480CA99B18C389853F8" lsidName="T. stroemii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis id="543BAC24CFA7720559C2FAF6D182CE1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and type 1 in
<taxonomicName id="B247CFE5E5F4421282978C8049DB8882" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="36397B3C15C9A5814D2F7485EA7BBF9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Table
<tableCitation id="5B357F75FAE38D30B8460842409E6DC9" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of discriminatin g taxonomic characters of the species studied in this work. Cells with text in italic show discriminatory characters of each subgroup. Species 18, 19, and 23 were not studied and 12 and 21 only examined with SEM." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/50957C2B992BD297784D481C9B89A718" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="50957C2B992BD297784D481C9B89A718">1</tableCitation>
). One specimen studied with SEM showed ciliary tufts in the inner side of the branchial lamellae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F5BDAAAB9A5433EDDF83465255B846B5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
). If this feature is not an artefact and is confirmed in all members of the species - so far only two specimens were examined under SEM - it would be an autapomorphy for the species. A similar feature was found in the non-closely related
<taxonomicName id="52AEED1381AA15BAF3CE70530D55D154" lsidName="T. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="1EDE4CD604699F5AEC5848350F399923" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that is also present in NEA. The ciliary tufts in
<taxonomicName id="4CB5F72867FF9925B7F1E85D19934A45" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="7BD83A3809AEC3C4917365500DB3FDE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are, however, connected by rows of cilia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F619515F1C799AEF982265F12F96C65C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName id="CB5B8198F6017526F376010E6AAF958B" lsidName="T. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="DE896225E4D63B4E06ABAA6BBB7194EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are confined to isolated tufts (
<bibRefCitation id="AD50DE4C8403150EC3522A5766ADC98D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B29" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2983: 1 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" title="Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" volume="2983" year="2011">Parapar et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 12, fig. 9c). On the other hand, there are no clear morphological differences between
<taxonomicName id="BAEA8DC07F918BDDA27AAFF5752DC834" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="9635FFBA70E5B1FBC66BFAE406B2352E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName id="5498147CA98F894CD9668CBED86487B0" lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="76B6B3C70EC64F6CCFED5D09FB9F1AC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 13). These sympatric species differ in the southern limit of their geographic distribution:
<taxonomicName id="4D0824D404AE9CF7044805416C2C3907" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="6B7B83C206A4AE7F25B9C429E7E2253D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., as
<taxonomicName id="D1787C35090D2D731B38EB112DD8E6C5" lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="0825B3DF2F4165788BCEA500E787F421" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are present above 65°N (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EEC2081442E56579D2FCBC8212168CEF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A, C</figureCitation>
) while the latter and
<taxonomicName id="77C984E37BACED0B57E3A1159306DB14" lsidName="T. stroemii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis id="B81F2D399FABADDC9173098E509D8F76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reach more southern latitudes, such as the Skagerrak and Bergen respectively (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B6D9D56A856791B20522AE518EB03D1F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9E8B93E20E12910FBF2CAB5B7116025B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="9C6157B4C5D667F2EE0BF60DA31BA317" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2A02CF92DB92FFEE1670987ED1F19216" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Bathymetric distribution of
<taxonomicName id="698DCE4D1A86B56A3FB31FD642783136" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DAE08013570235B04035AE91B36D61B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species studied in this work. Subgroups (A1-3) within group A sensu
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are indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C178B603C6213DA80A2E6990DE77F897" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Of the 462 sequences, including all NEA species, and 659 positions in the COI alignment, the 12 sequences assigned to
<taxonomicName id="A2D1CE252198CC91AF898AD6CA98C185" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="CFBF368E6AE1C6DD79BB092B1C2C51EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. hold two unique nucleotides positions, and an additional one only shared by a single specimen from another clade (see Suppl. material 2: Table S2). The species also showed 0-1.9% of intraspecific divergence in the COI marker, and a minimum of 11.5% uncorrected genetic distance with congeners (in this case
<taxonomicName id="C29C72AD469745BCC326703A1721BC59" lsidName="T. stroemii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis id="D0BCBDE383DB35A085C454A16AA02109" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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