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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795" ID-PMC="PMC4816987" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-60-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF9FD2BFFA6FFF4FFBCBC36210FA526" ID-PubMed="27081341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576337" ModsDocID="1314-2003-60-1" checkinTime="1455253280531" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Funk, Vicki A., Pasini, Eduardo, Bonifacino, J. Mauricio &amp; Katinas, Liliana" docDate="2016" docId="0E107AD73587E0B1E9BCAAEB3D4A0501" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 60: 1-19" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" docPubDate="2016-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795" docTitle="Adenocaulon Hook. 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFF9FD2BFFA6FFF4FFBCBC36210FA526" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFF9FD2BFFA6FFF4FFBCBC36210FA526" masterDocTitle="Home at last: the enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668141630588" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Home at last: the enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pasini, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA &amp; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bonifacino, J. Mauricio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA &amp; Laboratorio de Botanica, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de la Republica, Av. Garzon 780, Sayago, Montevideo, CP, 12900, Uruguay</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Katinas, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA &amp; Division Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n, CP 1900, La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-60-1</mods:identifier>
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<subSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="multiple">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E107AD73587E0B1E9BCAAEB3D4A0501" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E107AD73587E0B1E9BCAAEB3D4A0501" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName LSID="0E107AD7-3587-E0B1-E9BC-AAEB3D4A0501" authority="Hook., 1829" authorityName="Hook." authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenocaulon Hook., 1829</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adenocaulon. A Habitat, understory of Nothofagus dominated forest (Araucania Region, Chile) B Habit C Close up of rosette, note the bullate leaves D Close up of heads; arrows indicate marginal florets, note the conspicuous glandular trichomes on peduncles and other parts of the inflorescence E Close up of fruiting head; note the same trichomes on fruits. (Photos by M. Bonifacino)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77435" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adenocaulon (from Katinas 2000). A habit B head C involucral bract D-E marginal florets F central floret G central achene H marginal achene I upper part of style J stamen K achene hair multiseriate, capitate, glandular. (Adenocaulon chilense: A LP s. n. ex LPS 16554; B-D, F Cabrera et al. 23066 LP; G-H Ricardi et al. 1983 LP. Adenocaulon bicolor: E Hedgcock s. n. LP, I-K Morrison 121 LP)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77436" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Adenocaulon</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 19. 1829. TYPE:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon bicolor" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
From the Greek
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">aden</emphasis>
, gland, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">kaulos</emphasis>
, stalk, stem, describing the stalked glandular hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Herbs</emphasis>
perennial, scapiform with stout rhizomes, stems simple, erect, with stipitate-glandular hairs.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leaves</emphasis>
glabrous to subglabrous above, tomentose beneath; basal leaves rosulate to sub-rosulate; petiolate to pseudopetiolate; blades elliptic, ovate, obovate, to deltoid, margin entire to lyrate, pinnately to palmately veined; upper leaves similar to the basal ones but few and reduced.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal, laxly racemose to corymbose, on long peduncles; heads pedunculate, heterogamous, disciform; receptacle epaleate; involucre uniseriate.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Florets</emphasis>
dimorphic; marginal florets female, without staminodes, corolla sub-bilabiate (3+1 corolla lips), tubular-funnelform 4- to 5-lobed, rarely bilabiate; central florets male with a rudimentary ovary, corolla tubular-funnelform, deeply 5-lobed; anther apical appendages rounded to acute at the apex, basally constricted and demarcated from the thecae, anthers light colored and basally auriculate with tails very short, smooth; style bilobed, branches dorsally papillose.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Achene</emphasis>
truncate at the apex, pubescent (glandular multiseriate capitate hairs), dimorphic, marginal achenes conspicuously bigger than the central ones; pappus absent. [modified from
<bibRefCitation author="Katinas, L" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Review" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="469 - 716" publicationUrl="10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6" refId="B31" refString="Katinas, L, Pruski, JF, Sancho, G, TellerIa, MC, 2008. The subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae). Botanical Review 74: 469 - 716, DOI: 10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6" title="The subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae)." url="10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6" volume="74" year="2008">Katinas et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Pollen spheroidal, circular in polar view, medium size, P
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
E = (26-32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
26-30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Tricolporate, colpi long with thin margin and microgranulate membrane, mesoaperture diffuse. Exine
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mutisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mutisia" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mutisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type, microechinate, 4-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, slightly slender at the poles. Ratio ectosexine/endosexine: 1:1.5; 1:2. Nexine 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. SEM: tectum punctate. Note: pollen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon bicolor" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be identical to that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Less" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon chilense" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon chilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Less.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Habitat and distribution: Genus of five species with a disjunct distribution in Patagonia, Mesoamerica, northern United States and southern Canada, and temperate southeastern Asia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing distribution of Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77434" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
). Inhabits moist forests in the shade of
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and
<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Bittmann, M" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="389 - 420" refId="B5" refString="Bittmann, M, 1990a. Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): I. Morphologie. Candollea 45: 389 - 420" title="Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): I. Morphologie." volume="45" year="1990 a">Bittmann 1990a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bittmann, M" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="493 - 518" refId="B6" refString="Bittmann, M, 1990b. Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): II. Oekologie, Verbreitung und Systematik. Candollea 45: 493 - 518" title="Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): II. Oekologie, Verbreitung und Systematik." volume="45" year="1990 b">b</bibRefCitation>
, and field observations). Details of the flower morphology, including the differences between the male and female flowers, can be found in
<bibRefCitation author="Ayers, JA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Gazette" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="154 - 157" refId="B1" refString="Ayers, JA, 1900. Flower of Adenocaulon bicolor. Botanical Gazette 59: 154 - 157" title="Flower of Adenocaulon bicolor." volume="59" year="1900">Ayers (1900)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="species list">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species list:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
five species falling into three morphological groups that are biogeographically distinct (according to
<bibRefCitation author="Blake, SF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="431 - 443" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852page/484/mode/1up" refId="B7" refString="Blake, SF, 1934. New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by A. F. Skutch. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 24: 431 - 443, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852page/484/mode/1up" title="New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by A. F. Skutch." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852page/484/mode/1up" volume="24" year="1934">Blake 1934</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Group A: North America and East Asia</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
1.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon bicolor" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 19. 1830. (British Colombia to south central California, eastward to Montana and sparingly to Michigan)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon integrifolium" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon integrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nutt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
2.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon himalaicum" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="himalaicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon himalaicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 64. 1851. Himalayan region and Japan
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maxim" authorityYear="1859" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon adhaerescens" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adhaerescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon adhaerescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maxim. (described from Japan)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
3
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Bittmann" authorityYear="1990" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon nepalense" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon nepalense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M. Bittmann, Candollea 45: 403. 1990. Nepal
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Group</pageBreakToken>
B: Chiapas, Mexico &amp; Guatemala
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
4.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1934" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon lyratum" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adenocaulon lyratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 435 1934.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Group C: South America</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
5.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Less" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon chilense" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adenocaulon chilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Less., Linnaea 6: 107. 1831. (Southern Chile and the Magellan region)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sch Bip" authorityYear="1855" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon lechleri" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lechleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adenocaulon lechleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sch. Bip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>