243 lines
25 KiB
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243 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="0ECF973DAC561CAF602EDF68EF5C3423" ID-CLB-Dataset="51187" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efd9df5e-1439-4724-ae76-a219f7c3ce70" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264653" ID-ZooBank="680D0FB4-F3BC-4562-B214-631067287218" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459686029873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2016" docId="0386D843FFB2B127CEEC974E2378FC6C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4066.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4066 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xanthodisca vibius Hewitson 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="FFBFA03BFFA0B133CE7B927B2616FD2C" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="219" updateTime="1698208999773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2AC30EC38BB7106B6BBC8ED6E136C0C0">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="175671E0482736D7053877A3847BF114">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC7CDA92EA433F7EFB74147933038ED2">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A90BC0037AED2484062F5E3C57CB5838" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D15F42D05C5712651587D2AB5DAC04C9">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3028D0E10FCA1689D95BB74D49C04FF7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F7162822ED4E8E8C3C4CE06474E9D38E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EF52E521421B766753622D12372EA0E9">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="642F12EFB884A364443687F218D4E582" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B7840A6BFC21C216ECD9869CA0D3E9BC">4066</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A80C013ECEFA534D56C30908D8815D69" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0386D843FFB2B127CEEC974E2378FC6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614510" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119333195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386D843FFB2B127CEEC974E2378FC6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386D843FFB2B127CEEC974E2378FC6C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFB2B121CEEC974E256FF8F1" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB2B121CEEC974E2455F863" blockId="18.[151,579,1333,1359]" box="[151,579,1333,1359]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<heading id="D0D8DE39FFB2B121CEEC974E2455F863" bold="true" box="[151,579,1333,1359]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CEEC974E2455F863" ID-CoL="5C5KR" authority="Hewitson, 1878" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,579,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CEEC974E2455F863" bold="true" box="[151,579,1333,1359]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CEEC974E276BF863" bold="true" box="[151,381,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Xanthodisca vibius</emphasis>
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Hewitson, 1878
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB2B121CEEC9707256FF8F1" blockId="18.[151,1437,1404,2005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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This species is found from
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CFA997072451F8B8" box="[466,583,1404,1428]" name="Cameroon" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CC14970624AEF8B9" box="[623,696,1405,1429]" name="Kenya" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and south to
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CD23970725BBF8B9" box="[856,941,1404,1429]" name="Malawi" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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(
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<typeStatus id="5494D7F7FFB2B121CDC4970725E7F8B8" box="[959,1009,1404,1428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">type</typeStatus>
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locality
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CA2C970722B2F8B9" box="[1111,1188,1404,1429]" name="Gabon" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CAC79707238EF8B9" author="Ackery" box="[1212,1432,1404,1429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CB629706235BF8B9" box="[1305,1357,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CEEC97DB273FF894" author="Larsen" box="[151,297,1439,1464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CF2497DB27BDF894" box="[351,427,1440,1464]" name="Kenya" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, it is a scarce species restricted to Kakamega Forest, and perhaps other western forests. MJWC never saw the adult, but did once rear it from a caterpillar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFB2B127CEBC979C2378FC6C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB2B121CEBC979C2502FB98" blockId="18.[151,1437,1404,2005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CEBC979C2745FB2C" bold="true" box="[199,339,1511,1536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Food plants</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CF1A9793240AFB2C" box="[353,540,1511,1536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="246" refString="Le Pelley, R. H. (1959) Agricultural insects of East Africa. East Africa High Commission, Nairobi, 307 pp." type="book">Le Pelley (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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gives
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CC1E979324D9F8D3" box="[613,719,1512,1535]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Amomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CC1E979324D9F8D3" box="[613,719,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Amomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. as the food plant in
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CDA3979C2224FB2C" box="[984,1074,1511,1536]" name="Uganda" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, a record apparently repeated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CEEC9477276FFB09" author="Sevastopulo" box="[151,377,1548,1573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="247" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, pp. 131 - 132. [34 - 37, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184 (34); 94 - 100, 177 - 195 (35); 45 - 50 (36); 147 - 172, 202 - 216 (37)]" type="journal article" year="1975">Sevastopulo (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CFF094772454FB08" author="Kielland" box="[395,578,1548,1573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="246" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CCFF9477256AFB09" box="[644,892,1548,1573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CC989476250FFB09" box="[739,793,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
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. (1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. MJWC reared this species from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CB6A947727DAFB64" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="zambesiacum" subSpecies="zambesiacum">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CB6A947727DAFB64" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Aframomum zambesiacum zambesiacum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the normal food plant of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CC8E945425A6FB64" box="[757,944,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CC8E945425A6FB64" box="[757,944,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Semalea pulvina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Kakamega Forest. TCEC has reared this species from the Rondo Plateau, south-east
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CCF8942F24FEFB41" box="[643,744,1620,1645]" name="Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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and at Kihansi, south central
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CA42942F22B6FB41" box="[1081,1184,1620,1645]" name="Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CA91942F2363FB40" box="[1258,1397,1620,1644]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CA91942F2363FB40" box="[1258,1397,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Aframomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. The former may be the origin of the record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CCCE94032556FBBC" box="[693,832,1656,1680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CCCE94032556FBBC" box="[693,832,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Aframomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB2B121CD13940C2250FBBC" box="[872,1094,1655,1680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="246" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp. + CD." type="book">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CDCF940225FEFBBC" box="[948,1000,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. It seems likely that the early record from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CF5894E7279BFB9F" box="[291,397,1692,1715]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Amomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CF5894E7279BFB9F" box="[291,397,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Amomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CCF894E7251BFB98" box="[643,781,1692,1716]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CCF894E7251BFB98" box="[643,781,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Aframomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB2B121CEBC94C4253DFA9C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1404,2005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CEBC94C4275DFBF4" bold="true" box="[199,331,1727,1752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Caterpillar</emphasis>
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. MJWC reared this species once from the final instar from amongst a batch of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CB5E94BB238AFBF4" box="[1317,1436,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CB5E94BB238AFBF4" box="[1317,1436,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">S. pulvina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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caterpillars collected from Kakamega Forest
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<date id="FF914F95FFB2B121CCF4949F2507FBD0" box="[655,785,1764,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" value="1990-07-01">1 July 1990</date>
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(MJWC 90/70G). He did not notice any differences in the shelters or caterpillars at the time, and was surprised when one pupa produced a female
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CA07957222C9FA0C" box="[1148,1247,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CA07957222C9FA0C" box="[1148,1247,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">X. vibius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Examination of the cast head capsule revealed no qualitative difference between these two species; the clypeus, frons, adfrontals and a stripe down the epicranial suture light brown; the rest of the epicranium rugose, the raised areas darker brown and the pits lighter brown; posterior margin basally pale; it measured 2.2 x
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<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB2B121CDA6950F222CFAA1" box="[989,1082,1908,1933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75mm</quantity>
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wide x high, almost exactly the same as that of the final instar of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CC7795E2246AFA9D" box="[524,636,1944,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CC7795E2246AFA9D" box="[524,636,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">S. pulvina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2.2 x
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<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB2B121CCB095E32509FA9C" box="[715,799,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB2B120CEBC95C7250CFDF9" blockId="18.[151,1437,1404,2005]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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TCEC has reared this species at Kihansi and the Rondo Plateau,
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB2B121CDE195C72217FAF9" box="[922,1025,1980,2005]" name="Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB2B121CA3195C722C3FAF8" box="[1098,1237,1980,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB2B121CA3195C722C3FAF8" box="[1098,1237,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Aframomum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. It can be seen that the caterpillar (
|
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<figureCitation id="131475D0FFB3B120CF0B92EC27C8FD9C" box="[368,478,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="19.[151,250,782,804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,758]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,267,758]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal view of final instar caterpillar of Xanthodisca vibius collected on Aframomum sp., Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 20 Mar 1998 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264675/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
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) does indeed resemble those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB3B120CD3892E325A5FD9C" box="[835,947,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CD3892E325A5FD9C" box="[835,947,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">S. pulvina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, but was noted to be more squat, green, and with a squared off anal plate with a dark transverse mark.
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</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF5039DDFFB3B120CEEC917527F6FE6E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264675/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" targetBox="[151,1436,267,758]" targetPageId="19">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB3B120CEEC917527F6FE6E" blockId="19.[151,1436,782,834]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CEEC9175270BFE08" bold="true" box="[151,285,782,804]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
|
|
. Dorsal view of final instar caterpillar of
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB3B120CC92917525B9FE08" box="[745,943,782,804]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CC92917525B9FE08" box="[745,943,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Xanthodisca vibius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
collected on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB3B120CA3D917522D5FE08" box="[1094,1219,782,804]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CA3D917522D5FE08" box="[1094,1219,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Aframomum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp., Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 20 Mar 1998 [TCEC].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF5039DDFFB3B120CEEC954F2414FA45" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264676/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" targetBox="[151,1436,887,1820]" targetPageId="19">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB3B120CEEC954F2414FA45" blockId="19.[151,1436,1844,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CEEC954F270EFA66" bold="true" box="[151,280,1844,1866]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
|
|
. Pupa of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB3B120CF02954F242DFA66" box="[377,571,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CF02954F242DFA66" box="[377,571,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Xanthodisca vibius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
collected on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB3B120CCB9954F2529FA66" box="[706,831,1844,1866]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CCB9954F2529FA66" box="[706,831,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Aframomum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp., Kihansi, south central Tanzania, 19 Nov 2006 [TCEC].
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CEEC952826B2FA45" bold="true" box="[151,164,1875,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">1</emphasis>
|
|
, dorsolateral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CF179528276EFA45" bold="true" box="[364,376,1875,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">2</emphasis>
|
|
, lateral view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB3B127CEBC95EE2378FC6C" blockId="19.[151,1436,1941,2038]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CEBC95EE2713FA82" bold="true" box="[199,261,1941,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Pupa</emphasis>
|
|
. The
|
|
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB3B120CF3D95ED279BFA82" box="[326,397,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="18.0">18mm</quantity>
|
|
pupa that MJWC reared is very similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB3B120CDC795ED223DFA82" box="[956,1067,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB3B120CDC795ED223DFA82" box="[956,1067,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">S. pulvina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the most obvious difference is in the dimensions of the semi-circular body around the T1 spiracle: the central hole measured
|
|
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB3B120CA8A95C2235BFAFE" box="[1265,1357,1977,2002]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="0.67">0.67mm</quantity>
|
|
across ventrally-dorsally, and the rim measured
|
|
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB3B120CC0795A624DDFADA" box="[636,715,2013,2038]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5mm</quantity>
|
|
across dorsally,
|
|
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB3B120CDE895A625F4FADA" box="[915,994,2013,2038]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5mm</quantity>
|
|
posteriorly and
|
|
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB3B120CAD395A52312FADA" box="[1192,1284,2014,2038]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28mm</quantity>
|
|
ventrally. In addition (based on the emerged pupae of both) the pupa of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CD4A92E22582FD9C" box="[817,916,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CD4A92E22582FD9C" box="[817,916,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">X. vibius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more uniformly pale compared to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CBFC92E326FDFDF9" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvina">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CBFC92E326FDFDF9" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">S. pulvina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; an irregular dark mark subdorsally between the T1 spiracles, another dorsolaterally on the anterior margin of T3, A1 and A4-A6; proboscis reaches to the end of the penultimate abdominal segment. The pupa took 19 days until the adult emerged. The pupa documented by TCEC from Kihansi (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFB4B127CDBA937F2226FC30" box="[961,1072,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,887,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,887,1820]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 23. Pupa of Xanthodisca vibius collected on Aframomum sp., Kihansi, south central Tanzania, 19 Nov 2006 [TCEC]. 1, dorsolateral view; 2, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264676/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
|
) is similar, but is darker and the distribution of dark markings differs, suggesting there is probably significant individual variation in colouring.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |