treatments-xml/data/03/86/57/038657640D35CB0C2D93FE4DFEA5FB2F.xml
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<document id="478EDE532AA618BF48548A491D7FE614" ID-CLB-Dataset="20788" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5094.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f61afca-6905-40a6-9dfd-d0d05e940641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5965149" ID-ZooBank="5E46B86A-1E84-4302-A82D-7D9BB94CB758" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1643872339823" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kirik, Heli, Tummeleht, Lea &amp; Kurina, Olavi" docDate="2022" docId="038657640D35CB0C2D93FE4DFEA5FB2F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5094.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5094 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="272" masterDocId="FFBF2F1C0D3ECB072D04FFB3FFF6FFEA" masterDocTitle="Rediscovering the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Estonia: an annotated checklist with distribution maps and DNA evidence" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="272" updateTime="1699306402297" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EA7D986834C8702698BD71931B43526F">Rediscovering the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Estonia: an annotated checklist with distribution maps and DNA evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="B25F5B321084DE5B0ECE90B0C8A1AF38">Estonian University of Life Sciences, Inst of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 5 D, 51006 Tartu, Estonia &amp; hekirik @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5654 - 4045</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7ADB7E19DD57E3C893BA9658B6368E5C">Estonian University of Life Sciences, Inst of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7570B7B545712A71C526716F7484600">Estonian University of Life Sciences, Inst of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 5 D, 51006 Tartu, Estonia &amp; olavi. kurina @ emu. ee; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4858 - 4629</mods:affiliation>
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26.
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(
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE9B830D35CB0C2CC0FE4DFD8FFDF2" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[452,633,510,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" refId="ref19319" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus 1. Editio Decima. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 559" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2D93FD91FF56FDD6" bold="true" box="[151,160,546,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="1314FAF70D35CB0C2DA5FD90FF01FDD7" box="[161,247,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[164,1423,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maps showing the historic and current collection points of individual mosquito species in Estonia. A, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) sticticus; B, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) riparius; C, Anopheles (Anopheles) algeriensis; D, Anopheles (Anopheles) claviger; E, Anopheles maculipennis complex; F, Anopheles (Anopheles) plumbeus; G, Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) richiardii; H, Culex pipiens complex.. For details, see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965163/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B90E6720D35CB0C2D93FDD9FF2FFD43" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2D93FDD9FE8FFD6F" bold="true" box="[151,377,618,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Published sources:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE9B830D35CB0C2C87FDD8FD97FD6F" author="Remm, H." box="[387,609,618,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" pagination="148 - 160" refId="ref20871" refString="Remm, H. (1957) On the fauna and ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Estonian SSR [in Russian]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 36, 148 - 160." type="journal article" year="1957">Remm (1957: 157)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE9B830D35CB0C2F6BFDD8FCCAFD6F" author="Burtin, V." box="[623,828,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" refId="ref16066" refString="Burtin, V. (2014) Pistesaasklaste (Diptera: Culicidae) liigiline koosseis ja elupaigaeelistused Tartu linnas [Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species richness and habitat preference in the town of Tartu]. Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 64 pp." type="book" year="2014">Burtin (2014: 39)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE9B830D35CB0C2E4EFDD8FBB2FD6F" author="Kirik, H. &amp; Burtin, V. &amp; Tummeleht, L. &amp; Kurina, O." box="[842,1092,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" pagination="352" refId="ref18809" refString="Kirik, H., Burtin, V., Tummeleht, L. &amp; Kurina, O. (2021) Friends in all the green spaces: weather dependent changes in urban mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance and diversity. Insects, 12 (4), 352. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 12040352" type="journal article" year="2021">
Kirik
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2E8BFDD8FC35FD6F" box="[911,963,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">et al</emphasis>
. (2021: 11
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, as
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(
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C29AAFDD8FB14FD6F" box="[1198,1250,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cux.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C29F1FDD8FAB0FD6E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1269,1350,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C29F1FDD8FAB0FD6E" box="[1269,1350,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">pipiens</emphasis>
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/
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C284AFDD8FF3FFD42" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C284AFDD8FF3FFD42" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">torrentium</emphasis>
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).
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</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3E7EB70D35CB0C29C2FD48FB2EFCFF" box="[1222,1240,763,789]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26DA83A40D35CB0C29E0FD48FAB6FCFF" box="[1252,1344,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Kesküla</collectorName>
leg.,
<determinerName id="7E4C0AB60D35CB0C2885FD48FF24FCD3" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">H. Kirik</determinerName>
det.,
<collectingMethod id="526E9E650D35CB0C2C15FCACFE74FCD3" box="[273,386,799,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">sweep net</collectingMethod>
,
<specimenCode id="DB894E090D35CB0C2C8AFCACFDC7FCD3" box="[398,561,799,825]" collectionCode="IZBE" country="Estonia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9bph-kj5p" name="Institute of Zoology and Botany" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">IZBE0210227</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="26DA83A40D35CB0C2F38FCACFD5CFCD3" box="[572,682,799,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">GenBank</collectorName>
:
<accessionNumber id="947C7B910D35CB0C2FB0FCADFCC3FCD3" box="[692,821,798,825]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OK465177" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">OK465177</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335B5F90D35CB0C2DC3FCF1FEA5FB2F" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B90E6720D35CB0C2DC3FCF1FEA5FB2F" blockId="11.[151,1437,618,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2DC3FCF1FEB1FCB6" bold="true" box="[199,327,834,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Comment:</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2CBBFCF0FDC8FCB6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[447,574,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2CBBFCF0FDC8FCB6" box="[447,574,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are difficult to distinguish from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2EB5FCF0FBA0FCB6" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" box="[945,1110,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2EB5FCF0FBA0FCB6" box="[945,1110,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. torrentium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by morphological characteristics alone. However, when 12
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2F0EFCD4FD7DFC6A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[522,651,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2F0EFCD4FD7DFC6A" box="[522,651,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2F96FCD4FCFFFC6A" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" box="[658,777,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2F96FCD4FCFFFC6A" box="[658,777,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">torrentium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females were subjected to DNA barcoding, five (41.7%) were identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2C61FC38FE15FC4E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[357,483,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2C61FC38FE15FC4E" box="[357,483,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 2013, 64 (48.5%) male mosquitoes were identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C296EFC38FB1EFC4E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1130,1256,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C296EFC38FB1EFC4E" box="[1130,1256,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to 68 (51.5%) determined to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2CC5FC1CFD90FC22" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" box="[449,614,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2CC5FC1CFD90FC22" box="[449,614,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. torrentium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 2017. however, 84 (60.9%) males were identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C29E8FC1CFA9AFC22" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1260,1388,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C29E8FC1CFA9AFC22" box="[1260,1388,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and only 54 (39.1%) were identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2F25FC60FD33FC06" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" box="[545,709,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2F25FC60FD33FC06" box="[545,709,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. torrentium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on this information,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2905FC60FB88FC06" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1025,1150,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2905FC60FB88FC06" box="[1025,1150,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C29B0FC60FAAEFC06" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" box="[1204,1368,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C29B0FC60FAAEFC06" box="[1204,1368,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. torrentium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be present in relatively similar numbers in
<collectingCountry id="F338A6E20D35CB0C2F7AFC44FD20FBFB" box="[638,726,1015,1041]" name="Estonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Estonia</collectingCountry>
. It is possible that the true relative abundance of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2807FC44FA74FBFA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1283,1410,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2807FC44FA74FBFA" box="[1283,1410,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is underestimated in this study due to collection bias. Mosquitoes identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2EF2FBA8FB83FBDE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1014,1141,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2EF2FBA8FB83FBDE" box="[1014,1141,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2979FBA8FB02FBDE" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1925" box="[1149,1268,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrentium">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2979FBA8FB02FBDE" box="[1149,1268,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">torrentium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were most numerous in September. Also,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2CD0FB8CFDA4FBB2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[468,594,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2CD0FB8CFDA4FBB2" box="[468,594,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in
<collectingCountry id="F338A6E20D35CB0C2FF6FB8CFCB0FBB3" box="[754,838,1087,1113]" name="Estonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Estonia</collectingCountry>
were found to be infected with the intercellular symbiont
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2DDCFBD0FE40FB96" authorityName="Hertig" authorityYear="1936" box="[216,438,1123,1149]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Anaplasmataceae" genus="Wolbachia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="pipientis">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2DDCFBD0FE40FB96" box="[216,438,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Wolbachia pipientis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which agrees with the published literature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE9B830D35CB0C2EAFFBD0FB3AFB97" author="Bergman, A. &amp; Hesson, J. C." box="[939,1228,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" pagination="428" refId="ref15706" refString="Bergman, A. &amp; Hesson, J. C. (2021) Wolbachia prevalence in the vector species Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium in a Sindbis virus-endemic region of Sweden. Parasites &amp; Vectors, 14, 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04937 - 6" type="journal article" year="2021">Bergman &amp; Hesson 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE9B830D35CB0C29DCFBD0FF01FB4B" author="Inacio da Silva, L. M. &amp; Dezordi, F. Z. &amp; Paiva, M. H. S. &amp; Wallau, G. L." pageId="11" pageNumber="272" pagination="39" refId="ref18307" refString="Inacio da Silva, L. M., Dezordi, F. Z., Paiva, M. H. S. &amp; Wallau, G. L. (2021) Systematic review of Wolbachia symbiont detection in mosquitoes: an entangled topic about methodological power and true symbiosis. Pathogens, 10 (1), 39. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / pathogens 10010039" type="journal article" year="2021">
Inácio da Silva
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C288CFBD0FF42FB4B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). No attempts were made to identify the “molestus” biotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F9DF10D35CB0C2EBEFB34FBCFFB4A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[954,1081,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipiens">
<emphasis id="B95B3A600D35CB0C2EBEFB34FBCFFB4A" box="[954,1081,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="272">Cx. pipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the specimens collected during the study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>