162 lines
17 KiB
XML
162 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="665C86CCE45B403DD2CD7965C6494CA8" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16666b96-16b3-4dbe-bebf-f44864962635" checkinTime="1368432962928" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Levi, Herbert W." docDate="1957" docId="EDF3B158FBBE9D1CBCBD28EC3B098472" docLanguage="en" docName="Levi1957d.xml" docOrigin="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 76 (2)" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/Levi1957d/Levi1957d.pdf" docTitle="Pholcomma Thorell" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="E3208A29FF76B7B0FDC3979AEFD6AFC9" masterDocTitle="The North American spider genera Paratheridula, Tekellina, Pholcomma and Archerius (Araneae: Theridiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1692731783298" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE72CABF78F6349585F57085647A0FCA">
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<mods:title id="422923DA25D4380E048A3E4F272CDB5D">The North American spider genera Paratheridula, Tekellina, Pholcomma and Archerius (Araneae: Theridiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5BE646689745EFB30563C09B83FC3E40" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EA622D3411A46910F4E134DBF01A766A">Levi, Herbert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="57A179CFB03EB30FA9845DD8F7FCD2FC">Transactions of the American Microscopical Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9B3028AB552D9586494673CB7906A551">
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<mods:date id="52F6A165094FD5D16E33D214475FCF43">1957</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="196B86FECEC7B339B146D2E610372394">76</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5C79CDBC961E7E0785A486C90F68370E">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="118774930CED3B0FCCBCE6667601FC49">105</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="13E0241E4499632F6A3DBC57C3368836">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8E2E7ABB5C63052C67842AE2437FA5A4" type="Levi1957d">Levi1957d</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="EDF3B158FBBE9D1CBCBD28EC3B098472" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6285908" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100106562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6285908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EDF3B158FBBE9D1CBCBD28EC3B098472" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDF3B158FBBE9D1CBCBD28EC3B098472" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="4" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="2E4E436B7057AAE9B30C0580986A87E1" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7A49CF8CD5B502DF9702E924FE3FCAC8" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="F894879E8C9DFDB9B1EE44C435D4AF3F" ID-CoL="6NWK" ID-ENA="233476" authority="Thorell" authorityName="Thorell" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma Thorell</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1A22D70C1438841E7C9B3F73AECFC8EF" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B83292EB600B1B1B57BB85FCE5A329EB" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="mainText">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3372ED00C442A1092BB52C59CCDD8DAC">
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<treatmentCitation id="504845DED94AD9F6380761E520C99FB1">
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<taxonomicName id="26464E515C1E2036A408B43C8556FDA3" ID-CoL="6NWK" authority="Thorell, 1869" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma Thorell, 1869</taxonomicName>
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,On European spiders, p. 98.
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<typeStatus id="8988631D40AF052BCD671BA1841D6324">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="B694D915C3E1BFAB885F8DAC7753BA55" authority="O. P. - Cambridge" authorityName="O. P. - Cambridge" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="projectum">Theridion projectum O.P.-Cambridge</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="9DE69E0D4EAE25013F5C1F4D2B5286C5" authority="Westring" authorityName="Westring" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbum">Pholcomma gibbum Westring</taxonomicName>
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).
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA8FD9687B5CB4C824A2C8DBE97C9F17" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="mainText">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1D72B5EDC1E0AAE9884FDBCD9408090B">
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<treatmentCitation id="E4C00ED8EDA9B832ACC18830E5F55FE0">
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<taxonomicName id="80802A3CE7F1C8EF2F473CACB4836D27" authority="Simon, 1894" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Ancylorrhanis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancylorrhanis Simon, 1894</taxonomicName>
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, Histoire naturelle des
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<normalizedToken id="748BE5BEEB3FA6963BF29DC45325D4CE" originalValue="Araignées" pageId="4" pageNumber="108">Araignees</normalizedToken>
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,1: 592.
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<typeStatus id="FF6CBDD531B3AC2283B1675DCD971133">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="FC3FFB2E07F76C06EC2764F23FA5F0CC" authority="Emerton" authorityName="Emerton" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">Pholcomma hirsuta Emerton</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AF8DB84D60221D76D939835374B11AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6BE81260E989F276984D4E4F828FFD35" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="mainText">
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Small theridiid spiders. Carapace slightly longer than wide, highest behind eyes in thoracic region. Anterior eye row strongly procurved as seen from front,posterior row straight or procurved as seen from above. Laterals touching each other. Anterior medians smaller than others. Eyes in several species separated less than their diameter; spacing seems variable, however, in different individuals of same species. Chelicerae of varying length, anterior fang margin armed with two mesal teeth in addition to one or two near base of fang; posterior margin with two to four teeth; teeth small and may be visible only after examination with compound microscope. Sternum about as wide as long,truncate between posterior coxae which are separated by one to two times their length. Legs short; first and fourth subequal in length, third shortest. Metatarsi and tarsi of equal length or tarsi shorter. Small tubercle on retrolateral face of each patella. Tarsal comb indistinct or lacking. Setae of comb of
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<taxonomicName id="E61C2450B319773831A447198EE89CDC" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">P. hirsuta</taxonomicName>
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same size as other tarsal setae, serrations indistinct. Abdomen spherical to oval, longer than wide. Colulus consisting of two setae separated by almost their length. Two species {
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<taxonomicName id="2FD67E8E10EA6CAB89D29CD93FA405E1" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbum">gibbum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4AB0C005DC68DD987037C692961C664B" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">hirsutum</taxonomicName>
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) heavily sclerotized, others (
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<taxonomicName id="214E79AD4E8AE566C75FD4041F831B07" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carota">carota</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="09FFF8697356103E767BDFABB257D854" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi">barnesi</taxonomicName>
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) very lightly sclerotized. Males (of all four species known) with abdominal scutum covering whole dorsum, and scutum covering anterior half of venter. Males and females of equal size.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F438168BD8251FBD9313FBDAC75FD6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="mainText">
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.Internal female genitalia with two seminal receptacles, a spherical widening of the connecting duct in some species (Figs. 18,24). Palpus with conductor (
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<collectionCode id="DF32AA090B41CCD40ED63F3A22DA6C7F">C</collectionCode>
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in Figs. 16,21), median apophysis (
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<collectionCode id="02C2B449AD28E0D0CA0C67F0B3F77FD6">M</collectionCode>
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) and radix (
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<collectionCode id="3DFB18AC40443CFE81C1A692EDBBF55C">R</collectionCode>
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). Median apophysis apparently nonfunctional, lying only lightly against paracymbial hook (
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<collectionCode id="FA0AA6AE6C4DEB6D2498D1C47838E952">P</collectionCode>
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) which is on ectal margin of cymbium. Attachment of haematodocha in basal half of cymbium. Shape of tegulum in several species more ring- or spiral-shaped, (Figs. 16,20, 37), than spherical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DA34E4BFD6FA90ECAFAD5D3675E93952" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5CB598B5DD82598C49C841C3CAA3E892" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" type="mainText">
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The closely placed e},es,the high thoracic region of the carapace, and the general structure of the palpus suggest that this genus is close to
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<taxonomicName id="A87FA1D0E5394AE8C3E863893A275E6E" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Stemmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stemmops</taxonomicName>
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. The small size of
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<taxonomicName id="88D88D345458F52DA03CFF138F589836" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma</taxonomicName>
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, the paracymbial hook on the margin of the cymbium, and the structure of the chelicerae differentiate the two genera.
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<taxonomicName id="D7E98DF783DFBBEC007AE67F3D16A73C" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="D923C1A63BA52FA81C9E97A729B71427" authority="Bishop & Crosby, 1926" authorityName="Bishop & Crosby" authorityYear="1926" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Paidisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paidisca</taxonomicName>
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in that the latter genus lacks a colulus and has the chelicerae with only one or two teeth on the anterior margin and no teeth on the posterior margin. The
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<pageBreakToken id="4490EA51898831322309745396310092" pageId="6" pageNumber="110" start="start">median</pageBreakToken>
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apophysis of both
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<taxonomicName id="0406072004C1D7BFA309A56D51D91FE1" authority="Bishop & Crosby, 1926" authorityName="Bishop & Crosby" authorityYear="1926" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Paidisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paidisca</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E33E7469CE5A52C7E2BD7236ABD3E066" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Stemmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stemmops</taxonomicName>
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is functional, holding the bulb against the paracymbial hook of the cymbium.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3D07C44DFCD40ADC1671485D31A5DC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" type="multiple">
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<caption id="A61080B078C1331D071D53029637F5A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="109">
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<paragraph id="D7D5282EBCF15A3D42D96A6FB3949778" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" type="caption">
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<pageBreakToken id="5A1835EDD3348F9A97F70EEB2B7928EA" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" start="start">Abbreviations</pageBreakToken>
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' C,conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbial hook; R,radix; T, tegulum; Y,cymbium. Figs. 1- 6.
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<taxonomicName id="2E8BF66D16A439D91C118E4144A7971F" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Paratheridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratheridula</taxonomicName>
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guadrimaculata (Banks). 1. Female genitalia, dorsal view. 2. Epigynum. 3-4. Left palpus. 3. Ventral view. 4. Ex¬ panded, mesal view. 5. Head and chelicerae of male. 6. Dorsal view of female. Figs. 7-12.
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<taxonomicName id="FDFC69B02AF4C22FA63F5C33349C6E83" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Tekellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">Tekellina archboldi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="88B193ED04E4949C30BB91D49C7811C4" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" rank="species">
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sp.
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<date id="119A9DC337D3E3E72DEE28DA4B87E911">nov. 7-8.</date>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Palpus, ventral view. 8. Expanded. 9. Dorsal view of female. 10. Left female chelicera from inside. 11. Female genitalia, dorsal view. 12. Epigynum. Figs. 13-18.
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<taxonomicName id="456EACF21982AA6471DBFBFCF872229F" authority="(Westring)" baseAuthorityName="Westring" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbum">Pholcomma gibbum (Westring)</taxonomicName>
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. 13-14. Eyes. 13. Anterior view. 14. Dorsal view. 15-16. Palpus. 15. Ventral view. 16. Subventral view, expanded. 17. Female chelicera from below. 18. Epigynum cleared.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87720C01855E21E7D52F13B388CBD76C" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="BA5D42CD927C3ADB2AE9B02AF1E3F794" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="A31C19D906AD55C0A595AC5325024DB8" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma</taxonomicName>
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, although heretofore known only from Europe and North America, seems to occur in other regions. Eri gone
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<taxonomicName id="1E9D0DC5CBCDD51F161D290B60AA444E" authority="Forster, 1955" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1955" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipodiana">antipodiana Forster, 1955</taxonomicName>
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,Ree. Dominion Mus., 2: 198, Figs. 52-55,?,from Antipodes Island is a
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<taxonomicName id="84B865D212937B8B79F17F30CB1723DE" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pholcomma</taxonomicName>
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, Marples, Ree. Auckland Inst. Mus. (in press) describes a new genus from New Zealand whose
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<typeStatus id="43E24D67CCAC731F584D9E739D8F6A74">type</typeStatus>
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species is quite close to
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<taxonomicName id="898ED39A48921E6EE28BD287C4029250" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">Pholcomma hirsuta</taxonomicName>
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of North America.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04FA0FBE68D84B33971100ABFA950048" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BF9CC66A232F1D406F80CA34B2672CF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="7A513C215A538C04B2C0B1032C0D144F" authority="Emerton, 1882" authorityName="Emerton" authorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Pholcomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">Pholcomma rostratum, Emerton, 1882</taxonomicName>
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,Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 6: 30, PL 6, Fig. 5, ♂
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<superScript id="57AC6FDFEFAB0F77FB9716080AF5EC5D" pageId="5" pageNumber="109">1</superScript>
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, is
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<taxonomicName id="52A98C6441F8299F7D6DF2A570DCBF32" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Floricomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">Floricomus rostratus</taxonomicName>
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, a linyphiid
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |