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<document id="8A881D22FADFEB3F436C28CEB121CB9D" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2018059" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC6284406" ID-PubMed="30526819" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628634" ID-ZooBank="EEFEB392-86FC-40ED-B8C3-01936A04C892" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719954273223" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jorissen, Michiel W. P., Pariselle, Antoine, Huyse, Tine, Vreven, Emmanuel J., Snoeks, Jos, Decru, Eva, Kusters, Thomas, Lunkayilakio, Soleil Wamuini, Bukinga, Fidel Muterezi, Artois, Tom &amp; Vanhove, Maarten P. M." docDate="2018" docId="1900B705FFD7FFA9FCBFFA718EBEA454" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.25.64.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 25 (64)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018059" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Coptodon Gervais 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="E539CF7DFFC7FFB8FF92FFD08E63A30D" masterDocTitle="Six new dactylogyrid species (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) from the gills of cichlids (Teleostei, Cichliformes) from the Lower Congo Basin" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1721739180866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E21E6FBACC92119A170F9FF3588770D9">Six new dactylogyrid species (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) from the gills of cichlids (Teleostei, Cichliformes) from the Lower Congo Basin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F819ACEBC6ED7669D714F0DC6EA22110">Jorissen, Michiel W. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CBDDB52A234F9AE1E03F55D7E970951">Pariselle, Antoine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E41E57C6E66AAAC589E57C1EF8667536">ISEM, Univ de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EEB22462FEF519909F47274202E7A081">Huyse, Tine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CDB467EE8D2A22EBA291FD54EF277BCA">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium &amp; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 42, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="15A01A265119B06F6A08867F40BB2415">Vreven, Emmanuel J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0BEB43DD72F343143AFE56DFCAC58DBF">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium &amp; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 42, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0BFCDDAD6FE624824BBBCFC10A2E1811">Snoeks, Jos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="423D85B283C96F04E950AD1829354BCD">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium &amp; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 42, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E043B2A12153F65E17651219EECDDEE2">Decru, Eva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="971DED51CFC4D630DE0EA4A9E3252B59">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium &amp; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 42, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B06870E7FD9F92AE817D3535B436A01">Kusters, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FB72D9C2CCDF8CE7A1B05B76C7FEB085">Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity, &amp; Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4B8481E04DC7E6048B8951FD8B691264">Lunkayilakio, Soleil Wamuini</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C78DBEE2A8541420ADE5ECE833E768AA">Institut Supérieur Pédagogique, Mbanza-Ngungu, B. P. 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="55EEEAAB2491D64AAF03786E813FE632">Bukinga, Fidel Muterezi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="78FAD5444025D8D8D0F17448C08483E0">Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira, B. P. 73, Democratic Republic of the Congo</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA1E5B811BB32C2DE1D8050CA949F45">Artois, Tom</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E5A9327B28B23E4826DD33D090895A68">Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity, &amp; Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9EF88F739E31CFDFDFE21A7EBE520454">Vanhove, Maarten P. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A58501FB589F864596FA3A13D43410E">Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity, &amp; Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, &amp; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 42, 3000 Leuven, Belgium &amp; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735 / 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic &amp; Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, 00100 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8569FAAE703F419784752B3401C8ACE7">Parasite</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4C18BC69B21107D1796DCABCEB6A00EF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="AD7F43ABF5AC688BC8A7C768D6959B86">Paris, France</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="5F49B6B0C79F9F41160358ECAE071516">2018-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6903F8317E253ACFAF05657B36F013C3">25</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5EFAEB5D106076E9C747DAA11301451A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="261D205E9721C1B42E9A5D34561B312D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EB1DE0E56FE0D4D163B9A49F0424EEA1" type="DOI">10.1051/parasite/2018059</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4629CD7AB97B1403DF74786FF1B768EC" type="ISSN">1776-1042</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1900B705FFD7FFA9FCBFFA718EBEA454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1900B705FFD7FFA9FCBFFA718EBEA454" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1900B705FFD7FFA9FCBFFA718EBEA454" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="D9B35598FFD7FFA8FCBFFA718A28A6B7" box="[813,1099,1441,1466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="91160613FFD7FFA8FCBFFA718A28A6B7" blockId="16.[813,1099,1441,1466]" box="[813,1099,1441,1466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="CA5EB17FFFD7FFA8FCBFFA718A28A6B7" box="[813,1099,1441,1466]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FCBFFA718A28A6B7" bold="true" box="[813,1099,1441,1466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Parasites of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FC5FFA718A28A6B7" ID-CoL="3TSW" ID-ENA="1315722" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1853" box="[973,1099,1441,1466]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FC5FFA718A28A6B7" bold="true" box="[973,1099,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="D9B35598FFD7FFA9FCC7FA078EBEA454" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="91160613FFD7FFA9FCC7FA078EBEA454" blockId="16.[813,1467,1495,2037]" lastBlockId="17.[113,768,239,1881]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
From the Tondé estuary (see
<figureCitation id="09921A96FFD7FFA8FB24FA078A9FA6E3" box="[1206,1276,1495,1518]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[113,181,948,969]" captionTargetBox="[117,1457,242,924]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[113,1461,238,927]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Overview of sampling localities (red dots) with the ecoregions in italics. Localities 3 and 5 are located within the cities Mbanza- Ngungu and Kisantu, respectively. The inset shows the Lower Congo region on the African continent. Sampling localities: 1, Tondé Estuary near Muanda (05°57035.900S 12°21058.400E); 2, Muila Kaku, mangroves near Lower Congo River (05°5903300S 12°35003.200E); 3, Ndimba Leta ponds, Mbanza-Ngungu, in between the Lunzadi and Lukasi rivers of which the latter flows into the Kwilu and Likunga (05°1501000S 14°5102400E); 4, Pond near Kila Kindinga and Lukasi river (5°290700S 14°530400E); 5, Inkisi River, off the Jardin botanique de Kisantu (05°0800200S 15°0305200E); 6, Mvuazi River, Inkisi (5°190S 15°70E); 7, Mbola River near Tshianya village (05°52009.800S 12°39052.600E); 8, Congo River near Nganda Flash station (06°02001.800S 12°31048.200E), 9, Muila Nzenze, Kibamba village, mangroves near Congo River (06°00006.800 S 12°4002700 E). Rivers in blue." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628636/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), the non-native
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FCBFFA268D88A500" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[813,1003,1526,1549]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FCBFFA268D88A500" box="[813,1003,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
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was captured [10]. Its native range includes tributaries and parts of the Middle and Upper
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD7FFA8FAD3F9C48BEAA526" box="[1345,1417,1556,1579]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Congo</collectingCountry>
, the Zambezi, Cuanza, Catumbela, Okavango and Cunene rivers [10]. In Lower Congo,
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FBAAF9818A9EA565" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1080,1277,1617,1640]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FBAAF9818A9EA565" box="[1080,1277,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was infected by
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FCBFF9A08B24A58A" authority="Pariselle &amp; Euzet, 2003" authorityName="Pariselle &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2003" box="[813,1351,1648,1671]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="berradae">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FCBFF9A08A49A58A" box="[813,1066,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus berradae</emphasis>
Pariselle &amp; Euzet, 2003
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FACBF9A08A05A5A8" authority="Dossou, 1982" authorityName="Dossou" authorityYear="1982" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cubitus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FACBF9A08DA3A5A8" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus cubitus</emphasis>
Dossou, 1982
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FB38F95E8A55A5C9" authority="Pariselle &amp; Euzet, 1995" authorityName="Pariselle &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="1995" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flexicolpos">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FB38F95E8BD8A5A8" box="[1194,1467,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus flexicolpos</emphasis>
Pariselle &amp; Euzet, 1995
</taxonomicName>
(see
<tableCitation id="DC2B33A8FFD7FFA8FBEBF97D8AAFA5C9" box="[1145,1228,1709,1732]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,169,256,277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Occurrence of parasite species on their respective hosts, marked by an ‘‘x’’ and abundance of host and parasite, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5D6569BFFC3FFBCFFE3FED08BF4A218" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="C5D6569BFFC3FFBCFFE3FED08BF4A218">Table 1</tableCitation>
). These species have not been found on
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FC61F91C8AD1A5EE" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1011,1202,1740,1763]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FC61F91C8AD1A5EE" box="[1011,1202,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
before, but on other representatives of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FC41F93A8A59A40C" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1853" box="[979,1082,1770,1793]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FC41F93A8A59A40C" box="[979,1082,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD7FFA8FB11F93A8AA7A40C" box="[1155,1220,1770,1793]" name="Benin" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Benin</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD7FFA8FB41F93A8B36A40C" box="[1235,1365,1770,1793]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD7FFA8FAF6F93A8BD8A40C" box="[1380,1467,1770,1793]" name="Angola" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cabinda</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD7FFA8FC16F8D98DDAA42D" box="[900,953,1801,1824]" name="Taiwan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ROC</collectingCountry>
[35]. Additionally, parasite species known from
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FCBFF8F78D8DA433" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[813,1006,1831,1854]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FCBFF8F78D8DA433" box="[813,1006,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other regions, such as
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FABAF8F78A5BA450" authority="Douellou, 1993" authorityName="Douellou" authorityYear="1993" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dossoui">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FABAF8F78D1FA450" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus dossoui</emphasis>
Douëllou, 1993
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FBD9F8968D07A476" authority="Douellou, 1993" authorityName="Douellou" authorityYear="1993" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quaestio">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FBD9F8968B26A450" box="[1099,1349,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus quaestio</emphasis>
Douëllou, 1993
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FCFCF8B48D02A497" authority="Price, Peebles &amp; Bamford, 1969" authorityName="Price, Peebles &amp; Bamford" authorityYear="1969" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="papernastrema">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FCFCF8B48AC1A476" box="[878,1186,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus papernastrema</emphasis>
Price, Peebles &amp; Bamford, 1969
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FC1FF8538B5AA497" authority="Paperna, 1960" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[909,1337,1923,1946]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tiberianus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FC1FF8538AF7A497" box="[909,1172,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cichlidogyrus tiberianus</emphasis>
Paperna, 1960
</taxonomicName>
[7, 14, 46] were not found in Lower Congo. This indicates that
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD7FFA8FAC6F8718D1DA4DA" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD7FFA8FAC6F8718D1DA4DA" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lost its original parasite fauna during or after introduction, supporting the enemy-release hypothesis [38]. When comparing the parasite fauna of the native
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDADFF3F8D63A20B" baseAuthorityName="Poll &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[575,768,239,262]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDADFF3F8D63A20B" box="[575,768,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon tholloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with that of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FF69FEDD8FDFA229" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[251,444,269,292]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FF69FEDD8FDFA229" box="[251,444,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this study, only
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FD00FEDD8C9CA229" authorityName="Dossou" authorityYear="1982" box="[658,767,269,292]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cubitus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FD00FEDD8C9CA229" box="[658,767,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. cubitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shared between the two hosts. However, our sample size is small and, therefore, it is presumable that more parasite species are shared.
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FF7EFEB98FB2A28D" authorityName="Dossou" authorityYear="1982" box="[236,465,361,384]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cubitus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FF7EFEB98FB2A28D" box="[236,465,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cichlidogyrus cubitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in the native range of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FF4AFE578FF8A293" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[216,411,391,414]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FF4AFE578FF8A293" box="[216,411,391,414]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so it is possible that
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FD0BFE578EA1A2B0" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FD0BFE578EA1A2B0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
acquired this parasite through a spillback effect from
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3FE148F57A2D6" baseAuthorityName="Poll &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[113,308,452,475]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3FE148F57A2D6" box="[113,308,452,475]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon tholloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[11]. The same applies for
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDFFFE148C9CA2D6" authorityName="Pariselle &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="1995" box="[621,767,452,475]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flexicolpos">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDFFFE148C9CA2D6" box="[621,767,452,475]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. flexicolpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FF00FE338F33A2F7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[146,336,483,506]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FF00FE338F33A2F7" box="[146,336,483,506]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the reservoir for
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDE0FE338C9CA2F7" authorityName="Pariselle &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="1995" box="[626,767,483,506]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flexicolpos">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDE0FE338C9CA2F7" box="[626,767,483,506]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. flexicolpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Lower Congo could also be
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE44FDD28CD4A114" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[470,695,514,537]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guineensis">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE44FDD28CD4A114" box="[470,695,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon guineensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since there are no records of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FEE4FDF08C6BA13A" authorityName="Pariselle &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="1995" box="[374,520,544,567]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flexicolpos">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FEE4FDF08C6BA13A" box="[374,520,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. flexicolpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDA5FDF08C9BA13A" baseAuthorityName="Poll &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[567,760,544,567]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDA5FDF08C9BA13A" box="[567,760,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon tholloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE92FDEF8FBAA15B" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[256,473,575,598]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guineensis">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE92FDEF8FBAA15B" box="[256,473,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon guineensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to host
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FD1CFDEF8EF6A179" authorityName="Pariselle &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="1995" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flexicolpos">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FD1CFDEF8EF6A179" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. flexicolpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[29] and to occur in the mangroves of Lower Congo [10]. In our study,
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE90FDAC8FB4A1BC" authority="Zahradnickova, Barson, Luus-Powell and Prikrylova, 2016" authorityName="Zahradnickova, Barson, Luus-Powell and Prikrylova" authorityYear="2016" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chitandiri">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE90FDAC8F9FA19E" box="[258,508,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gyrodactylus chitandiri</emphasis>
Zahradníčková, Barson, Luus-Powell and Přikrylová, 2016
</taxonomicName>
infected
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDA8FD4A8C9BA1BC" baseAuthorityName="Poll &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[570,760,666,689]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDA8FD4A8C9BA1BC" box="[570,760,666,689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon tholloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which constitutes a new host and geographical record and results in a disjunct distribution for
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE78FD078C13A1E3" authorityName="Zahradnickova, Barson, Luus-Powell and Prikrylova" authorityYear="2016" box="[490,624,727,750]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chitandiri">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE78FD078C13A1E3" box="[490,624,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. chitandiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The parasite is known from
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FEBCFD268F95A000" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[302,502,758,781]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FEBCFD268F95A000" box="[302,502,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDAFFD268F14A021" authority="(Weber, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1897" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudocrenilabrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philander">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDAFFD268EB5A021" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocrenilabrus philander</emphasis>
(Weber, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
from Chirundu, Zambezi River and Lake Kariba [49], whilst it was lacking in Upper
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD6FFA9FD07FCE38CB9A047" box="[661,730,819,842]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo</collectingCountry>
on both hosts [14]. Instead,
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE16FC828C24A064" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[388,583,850,873]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE16FC828C24A064" box="[388,583,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was infected by
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3FCA08C60A08A" authority="Paperna, 1973" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1973" box="[113,515,880,903]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nyanzae">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3FCA08F3EA08A" box="[113,349,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gyrodactylus nyanzae</emphasis>
Paperna,
<quantity id="5651ABF6FFD6FFA9FE5DFCA08C40A08A" box="[463,547,880,903]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.011419999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="1973.0">1973 in</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
Upper
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD6FFA9FDEEFCA08CA2A08A" box="[636,705,880,903]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo</collectingCountry>
[14]. The disjunct distribution of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE09FC5F8C41A0AB" authorityName="Zahradnickova, Barson, Luus-Powell and Prikrylova" authorityYear="2016" box="[411,546,911,934]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chitandiri">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE09FC5F8C41A0AB" box="[411,546,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. chitandiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be biased due to limited sampling in the past. From our observations, species of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FF1CFC1C8F7AA0EE" authorityName="Von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[142,281,972,995]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FF1CFC1C8F7AA0EE" box="[142,281,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are far less prevalent (occurring on one out of 14 infected cichlid specimens in Lower Congo and on 1 out of
<quantity id="5651ABF6FFD6FFA9FFE3FBD98ECBA72D" box="[113,168,1033,1056]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
Upper
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD6FFA9FF68FBD98F22A72D" box="[250,321,1033,1056]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo</collectingCountry>
) than species of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE65FBD98CEAA72D" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[503,649,1033,1056]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE65FBD98CEAA72D" box="[503,649,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cichlidogyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on gills of African cichlids, so it is easy to miss species of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDE7FBF88C9CA732" authorityName="Von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[629,767,1064,1087]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDE7FBF88C9CA732" box="[629,767,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during sampling. We hypothesize that
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FD87FB968CFDA750" authorityName="Zahradnickova, Barson, Luus-Powell and Prikrylova" authorityYear="2016" box="[533,670,1094,1117]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chitandiri">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FD87FB968CFDA750" box="[533,670,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. chitandiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a continuous distribution from the Zambezi Basin to Lower Congo. It should be noted that although their minimum prevalence is lower than that of species of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDA2FB728CA1A7B4" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[560,706,1186,1209]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDA2FB728CA1A7B4" box="[560,706,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cichlidogyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, their infection intensity is often higher (see
<tableCitation id="DC2B33A8FFD6FFA9FD92FB108C2EA7DA" box="[512,589,1216,1239]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[113,169,1067,1088]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Number of parasite species per locality and infection intensity. Localities correspond to those in Figure 1. See Addenda 1 and 2 for the individual voucher and accession numbers." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5D6569BFFC3FFBCFFE3FBFB8CFCA777" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="C5D6569BFFC3FFBCFFE3FBFB8CFCA777">
Table
<quantity id="5651ABF6FFD6FFA9FDD2FB108C0BA7DA" box="[576,616,1216,1239]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
</tableCitation>
this study and [14]).
<specimenCount id="87AFCD9AFFD6FFA9FF24FB0F8F2DA7FB" box="[182,334,1247,1270]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FEEAFB0F8C59A7FB" baseAuthorityName="Poll &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[376,570,1247,1270]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FEEAFB0F8C59A7FB" box="[376,570,1247,1270]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon tholloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Ndimba Leta ponds, Mbanza-Ngungu (locality 3,
<figureCitation id="09921A96FFD6FFA9FDA4FB2D8C14A619" box="[566,631,1277,1300]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[113,181,948,969]" captionTargetBox="[117,1457,242,924]" captionTargetId="figure-340@2.[113,1461,238,927]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Overview of sampling localities (red dots) with the ecoregions in italics. Localities 3 and 5 are located within the cities Mbanza- Ngungu and Kisantu, respectively. The inset shows the Lower Congo region on the African continent. Sampling localities: 1, Tondé Estuary near Muanda (05°57035.900S 12°21058.400E); 2, Muila Kaku, mangroves near Lower Congo River (05°5903300S 12°35003.200E); 3, Ndimba Leta ponds, Mbanza-Ngungu, in between the Lunzadi and Lukasi rivers of which the latter flows into the Kwilu and Likunga (05°1501000S 14°5102400E); 4, Pond near Kila Kindinga and Lukasi river (5°290700S 14°530400E); 5, Inkisi River, off the Jardin botanique de Kisantu (05°0800200S 15°0305200E); 6, Mvuazi River, Inkisi (5°190S 15°70E); 7, Mbola River near Tshianya village (05°52009.800S 12°39052.600E); 8, Congo River near Nganda Flash station (06°02001.800S 12°31048.200E), 9, Muila Nzenze, Kibamba village, mangroves near Congo River (06°00006.800 S 12°4002700 E). Rivers in blue." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628636/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) was exclusively infected by
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FEA5FACC8CA7A63E" authority="Paperna, 1960" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[311,708,1308,1331]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tilapiae">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FEA5FACC8C42A63E" box="[311,545,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cichlidogyrus tilapiae</emphasis>
Paperna, 1960
</taxonomicName>
. This parasite is a generalist (see [21]), but has mostly been found on mouth-brooding cichlids (Oreochromini, see [8]) and has a wide native range that spans most of Central and western Africa, and the Levant [14, 27, 35]. Several species of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3FA658EBBA6C1" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1853" box="[113,216,1461,1484]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3FA658EBBA6C1" box="[113,216,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been screened previously for parasites (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3FA038F51A6E7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[113,306,1491,1514]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rendalli">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3FA038F51A6E7" box="[113,306,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon rendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Upper
<collectingCountry id="E9BE4683FFD6FFA9FE52FA038C65A6E7" box="[448,518,1491,1514]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo</collectingCountry>
[14, 46]), but of these,
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3FA228E86A504" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[113,229,1522,1545]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tilapiae">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3FA228E86A504" box="[113,229,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. tilapiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been found on
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FD98FA228CCFA504" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[522,684,1522,1545]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zillii">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FD98FA228CCFA504" box="[522,684,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon zillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so far [9]. In the case of the
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FECDF9C08FADA52A" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[351,462,1552,1575]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tilapiae">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FECDF9C08FADA52A" box="[351,462,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. tilapiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infection on
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FDCFF9C08C9BA52A" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[605,760,1552,1575]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zillii">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FDCFF9C08C9BA52A" box="[605,760,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon zillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3F9FF8E88A54B" box="[113,235,1583,1606]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Onchobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="niloticus">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3F9FF8E88A54B" box="[113,235,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">O. niloticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also present in the area [9], which is also the case in the Ndimba-Leta ponds. Whether the infection of
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FFE3F9BC8E84A58E" authorityName="Paperna" authorityYear="1960" box="[113,231,1644,1667]" class="Monogenea" family="Ancyrocephalidae" genus="Cichlidogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tilapiae">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FFE3F9BC8E84A58E" box="[113,231,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. tilapiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="56A97D90FFD6FFA9FE8FF9BC8F81A58E" baseAuthorityName="Poll &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[285,482,1644,1667]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Coptodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
<emphasis id="A3DDDA01FFD6FFA9FE8FF9BC8F81A58E" box="[285,482,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptodon tholloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is natural or a result of spillover (see [45] and references therein) has to be determined in future research. If the infection is the result of spillover, this would support the hypothesis of Jorissen et al. [14], that certain aquatic systems, such as ponds or artificial lakes, stimulate interspecies interactions between cichlid hosts and have a higher host density, both of which stimulate parasite hostswitching.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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