306 lines
38 KiB
XML
306 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="6395B2CBDF2D97C36A770668E336312E" ID-CLB-Dataset="33463" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9884f9b2-091d-4f9a-9284-b2e78a5e6c30" ID-PMC="PMC5240373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-639-1" ID-PubMed="28138281" ID-ZooBank="BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-639-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 639" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" checkinTime="1481618735599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2016" docId="F8D5D693A4A44F67BD10C35BCA7947F0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 639: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 639" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" docTitle="Aleiodes Wesmael 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="1A60FFDC4008240EFF9E5829510DDB79" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1701380682329" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C8342176F05828FAF4D5573E44C4D6A6">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49A679D88617693B118F5C0BFC3ABD37">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F0E9FEB5EEE3FE9C4614B7216D9B101">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C0FC4F10A943B48DBF49E046C5D5CECE">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="3153135266D8B3B2DDAC77A2A9A87D6C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F8D5D693A4A44F67BD10C35BCA7947F0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8D5D693A4A44F67BD10C35BCA7947F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8D5D693A4A44F67BD10C35BCA7947F0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="BD7B75A5FE6D38158276B2EA975BE4C3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3DC3ADD2A2841D41B74DC3A939B44516" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="ED297CC39CA9EDE7A8F3A859E17C38AD" ID-CoL="RPJ" ID-ENA="55939" authority="Wesmael, 1838" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 7-8, 9-19, 20-21, 22-34, 35, 36-47, 48-49, 50-62, 63-64, 65-75, 76-77, 78-88, 89-98, 99-100, 101-112, 113, 114-124, 125-126, 127-137, 138, 139-151, 152-153, 154-164, 165-166, 167-177, 178-179, 180-189, 190, 191-202, 203-204, 205-214, 215-216, 217-229, 230-231, 232-242, 243-244, 245-256, 257, 258-259, 260-271, 272-273, 274-284, 285, 286-287, 288-301, 302-304, 305-315, 316, 317-327, 328, 329-340, 341-342, 343-352, 353-354, 355-365, 366-367, 368-378
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="728F5CAD28B70030677C3C36DDB91AAC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0BF70A41F54EAD0D0C8F9579415FE8E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="28CF9C959D40A5545E76B925BCDB91E5" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838: 194;
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<bibRefCitation id="0D4E3C1BCCC997614BB846065E14D95B" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1163-1185;
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<bibRefCitation id="C174FE118C419D6553E659C5247F2F71" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 177-178;
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A0F7177E30294AF8FC2888A336189" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="143 - 164" title="Contributions to the braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">Papp 1985a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 143-164 & 1985b: 347-349;
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<bibRefCitation id="A04214E1A7F02D343500C789813E7DF4" author="Shaw, MR" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 126" title="Classification and biology of Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="7" year="1991">Shaw and Huddleston 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 95-96 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="C620EC41476EF6EDA98A86CF73469CAC" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 24. Type species (designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="D7E5E3BACA5A0AC95A96582DF1FEF660" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 186" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="E84014F55EAB059659B334F1B6E7266E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes heterogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterogaster">Aleiodes heterogaster</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838 [examined; =
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<taxonomicName id="249503472ADE79A09F6E68F8A8AA14CF" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes albitibia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitibia">Aleiodes albitibia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="4EDB033F03741026743A69ED2BA19ABC" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1838)].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="128615F13651B1520B7A1078233C994F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="6A94D4BEC6D7F7F76B45BDF03DDF2589" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Petalodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petalodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Petalodes</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838: 123;
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<bibRefCitation id="304B404BB3B62A2C278D8EB7E79B9C8F" author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="156 - 268" volume="54" year="1971">Tobias 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 218 (transl. 1975: 86-87);
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<bibRefCitation id="0120CF2CE5CF7AF5A0D3F1D762C5D072" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1209-1211;
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<bibRefCitation id="58F5C864F75929BA574172A747CADB45" author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 286" volume="110" year="1976">Tobias 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 90;
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<bibRefCitation id="A3EFA19075CE629322F30EBF1ADEA30C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 179;
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<bibRefCitation id="538C4D38D803A90E1E9765E420C09012" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
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<taxonomicName id="E059890246DC230AFEB97BAAF531D057" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Petalodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petalodes unicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Petalodes unicolor</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838 [examined; =
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<taxonomicName id="3A03F5BC56F396955538C18A87520B4C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes compressor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressor">Aleiodes compressor</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="41D3E864351A7F5DB6EA3177F350FE7A" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1838)].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E717BE26D6E70387D3965D0A28CBEA38" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="DD2506D19384E6FC5CAD60C1105D7153" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schizoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoides</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838: 94. Unavailable name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9CB4CC0D8E9224558F3D6AD463052599" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="A7A2823E2447B4C0D7D9450A7D637B82" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nebartha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebartha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nebartha</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1860: 310;
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<bibRefCitation id="39FB7983CF31700D27766930F4AB7EBC" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1216;
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<bibRefCitation id="367F70C1BB60ED7C97F5AE73F48FCD86" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 179;
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<bibRefCitation id="20204439F4C3E14B074C2286A199EDA0" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
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<taxonomicName id="32FCA0694354095F601C9BCB47C8505D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nebartha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebartha macropodides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropodides">Nebartha macropodides</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1860 [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33857E7E1102C6718CB0D07BDA860C90" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="6714C574751E109CEE6B3C0F68B5F283" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Tetrasphaeropyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrasphaeropyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetrasphaeropyx</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1889: 634;
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<bibRefCitation id="FCD8A8F380F23C762ED620062D93F2EF" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 1260;
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<bibRefCitation id="4FDB814201C75DF05420133D802924CB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 181;
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<bibRefCitation id="571D1CA2261CFDBA7EB74948E5B57A3B" author="Fortier, JC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 126" title="A revision of the Tetrasphaeropyx Ashmead lineage of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae)." volume="2256" year="2009">Fortier 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 19 (as subgenus; revision). Type species (by monotypy):
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<taxonomicName id="C13C8A819DECFA076B2E85F10B2C8A07" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas pilosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">Rogas pilosus</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1872 [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="808327037F585B4137996A4F39C6A711" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="48D97B84E501FE4DFF5F0E08E8BCD494" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neorhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neorhogas</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="59DDDFA3565A55BF641140ADBE18C8E3" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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, 1906: 605;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="28601F9B31DEA2A965DF789CED610EE4" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1205;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5D7DC06E50389B71D1651E3BFD8749A" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83F8FD92422C1C9E85583BB809528112" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neorhogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Neorhogas luteus</taxonomicName>
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||
<normalizedToken id="164A895D869B5E84812AA2F60324382F" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
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, 1906 [examined; =
|
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<taxonomicName id="1D0CD1B6F8B82BE9F6E0AEE8BD0BCEB5" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor</taxonomicName>
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(Reinhard, 1863)].
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5082E84027427CEC61D3975882CBAB7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
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<taxonomicName id="8DBCA500DBB9D32276945CA9AAED85CD" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chelonorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelonorhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chelonorhogas</taxonomicName>
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Enderlein, 1912b: 258;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE76304081007695A6F8E94B7D2AA9E2" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1187;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9D6AB819DF3DA40B2851D53774EA6A6" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF63A1EBB130EB729DFCD318C1BF8315" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chelonorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelonorhogas rufithorax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufithorax">Chelonorhogas rufithorax</taxonomicName>
|
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Enderlein, 1912 [examined; not
|
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<taxonomicName id="C2722A21827A3CDBA430E1FFAD764EB7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes rufithorax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufithorax">Aleiodes rufithorax</taxonomicName>
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||
(Cameron, 1911) =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CFE1F49A9E5826AE23D70F4BAFDDF5F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes convexus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexus">Aleiodes convexus</taxonomicName>
|
||
van Achterberg, 1991].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1FA501948063C9000050BB6B2EDCAE58" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1453B91AFFEE82592244257B51E17B4C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leluthinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leluthinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leluthinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Enderlein, 1912c: 96;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6EA79ADA0BDC46252A2CFCE6B1E8F92E" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1202-1203;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1856BE92D76630795195C3F59B90F921" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F235505620829CABB95B9636C5BB34B3" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leluthinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leluthinus lividus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Leluthinus lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Enderlein, 1912 [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1C8EF5ADF7EA0214F3377550C74FB88" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FE3B2897395570976B1D1B2BBFFEEE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleirhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleirhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleirhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker, 1917b: 383, 411; Shenefelt 1974: 1185-1186;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F8289A070139640A34D0E06EFA567336" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24. Type species (designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7EB0ED2E604239FC36E45AFF6092CF9E" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="129 - 150" title="First supplement to " Type species of the genera of Ichneumon-flies. "" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2364.129" volume="59" year="1922">Viereck 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="754A543835F2D6DA26E9D225C82CBD83" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas (Aleirhogas) schultzei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schultzei" subGenus="Aleirhogas">Rhogas (Aleirhogas) schultzei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker, 1917 [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C63A42E937167D8253179B973894185F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88648BEF235EB96329451CB707D586D6" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fullaway, 1919: 43;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2EBB04A81E47CF398FE42E54D4937830" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1188;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91B103A29FD5A49DCE437E39DE1A901B" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B600A846259FEBC4131FB67A250686D3" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamoides muirii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muirii">Heterogamoides muirii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fullaway, 1919 [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="879BB004E267B24798082D9987AED23B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2854AD902CE68FB5235EE1EDA8B6ACCF" family="Braconidae" genus="Cordylorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordylorhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">Cordylorhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||
Enderlein, 1920: 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9B8612D5E18774653AB425237534B00" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1195;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF22872FC04D63BDC38ADC4D5C544D6C" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31. Type species (by monotypy):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2198D1169161E7A508872D715407CA6E" family="Braconidae" genus="Cordylorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordylorhogas trifasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="trifasciatus">Cordylorhogas trifasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Enderlein, 1920 [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D4FB36036C8F599C7DBE4C2F055E05C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5319A1F28F53B675967914BD9EF875CA" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hyperstemma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperstemma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyperstemma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shestakov, 1940: 10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C2935CE77DB9A5B3915EABC409301DE" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1200;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69995F5CEE00E42653A11EA018AEA909" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24. Type species (by monotypy):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB77214AB95A9BBA1CB1E11D32AAADBC" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hyperstemma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperstemma chlorotica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chlorotica">Hyperstemma chlorotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shestakov, 1940 [examined].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F786456C1790F7EB88064C8C2F8E2E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E91A93AAADAFF8FC85C9B5A39EBE13" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctt.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="95D6947F173A09D57EC2D2B9681C403E" author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="156 - 268" volume="54" year="1971">Tobias 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 215-217 (transl. 1975: 83-86);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="79556C89BC1BEFEACC316FD6B1FFF128" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1215-1256;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5377BBCFF95860E97F6B53BD6BF763DA" author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 286" volume="110" year="1976">Tobias 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 81-89;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A9730977C5F8C74A01F43442B3F77EAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marsh 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 179-181;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="75AE3F248F3836DD4D9B77E887E27AAD" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 501" title="Rogadinae: 72 - 85." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4." year="1986">Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74-84.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F874AE4F2D912E126158E13C3ED6781B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="733F6DD068828DB5ED34F2C625B53197" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="777B6084421F2807FE297CA797F44F57" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Propodeum with a long median carina dorsally (Figs 11, 52); ovipositor sheath slightly expanded towards apex or parallel-sided and comparatively wide as far as visible (Figs 12, 31, 152, 301); second metasomal tergite with a median carina anteriorly (Figs 193, 291, 320, 331), but absent in part of the genus; hind trochantellus of ♀ normal, at most 2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9AFB7B7EC3A81A438277D5E8A7368B54" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide (Figs 55, 104, 183, 194); vein r of fore wing 0.2-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68B83E4E2462DD2BAC96BB05A0DB00C6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 3-SR (Figs 1, 9, 22, 65, 205), if 0.6-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C636FFDCED8C2FF95ADE38351DD3AC33" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 343) then precoxal area of mesopleuron granulate or coriaceous, without rugae and second metasomal tergite without triangular area medio-basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1CA761883658835B31504D32DB71B36" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5ADBF6FD424CD33F43A5FAF5D82296A6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B6B4EC765AA9E33BE24BE8F604FA3388" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Very large genus of koinobiont, synovigenic endoparasitoids; in the western Palaearctic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B8BF5D712C4FDFE423411242282B0E4" family="Drepanidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Drepanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59957327A5C8559EBE142FC2AC563A9E" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thyratirinae">Thyratirinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F8984BB93BEAE677F1026F315D4AC35" family="Erebidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26F1B6DF64C6E47D612EF36A93F6B502" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypeninae">Hypeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DC00C1B0B4BD5B8A66434766B4FCF76" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECC405F70F92F48D0947CAFA3BD88E3D" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arctiinae">Arctiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F1C36BEEC52F3EC10C121759DC7225E" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypenodinae">Hypenodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AA5DC3E1C400C2224C09D048F5F9A60" family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6970038A58A358BEE3E8B76033C25A6C" family="Hesperiidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9430B5C088EACF703A4641E362C14D6C" family="Lasiocampidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Lasiocampidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DB1ADC4E3364FEDB902518A89B44F2E" family="Lycaenidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F46170ABDF44CCFAF1253F65D434F87" family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C63BD54F926A8D7982E9CD6FDC42AE77" family="Nolidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Nolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="724AD564B04B88F9CD2B3FE4237B5145" family="Notodontidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="350BE6EB2248D9E6B45FBAEF9284F0A8" family="Nymphalidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62679F1843A34B4909A194D8C18F1FE3" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Satyrinae">Satyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6206C47786C0FE79A655CC93C83E8CEB" family="Pterophoridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Pterophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1C8C3ABECB729FF8AD494C55573F987" family="Sphingidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0932AD31ADEAF1793E2687C718266D73" family="Ypsolophidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Ypsolophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DE03C22938ED67BEEAE04A5F9302183" family="Zygaenidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Zygaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This list includes only taxa of which we have been able to verify hosts, either by our own rearings or by examination of host remains; there are other host groups recorded in the literature, but we regard many of them as almost certainly erroneous and seek confirmation of others. The caterpillars are killed by the endoparasitoid and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="63CD6E7AC4C05136CD15E724CFF6072E" originalValue="“mummified”">"mummified"</normalizedToken>
|
||
- i.e. turned into a partly shrunken and hardened structure that is more or less tanned (Figs 8, 244, 259, 287, 342, 354), in most cases before their final instar, and the parasitoid pupates and eventually emerges as an adult from this mummy. Almost all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88FA65F482474270D3DC3520A623A3C0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are strictly solitary (in Europe only two species are gregarious, but neither is treated in this part).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DA4F33FB5B3A97E50E43CB5ED1BB492" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="oviposition">
|
||
<paragraph id="427D3D4BD57E9ED3A63433693C74214E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oviposition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="806FA17B2D01C669586B1098698C5CDA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The oviposition behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF4A7065D628D32CC8EE67798D2C8142" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is based on the following sequence, from which one or more steps may habitually be eliminated by particular species: (a) antennation of the host, often also investigation using fore and sometimes mid tarsi, during which the host often curls and may be drawn in towards the ventral/mesosomal region of the parasitoid; (b) a rapid sting (usually less than 0.5 second), executed more or less between the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E2649EAD8105C5409A8B4442D16F45B" originalValue="parasitoid’s">parasitoid's</normalizedToken>
|
||
front legs and usually accompanied by a brief fluttering of the wings; (c) waiting motionless by, but often not in physical contact with, the host while temporary paralysis caused by the injected venom takes effect (about 20 to exceptionally 90 seconds); oviposition (a single insertion of the ovipositor, usually about 30-80 seconds duration but regularly much shorter or much longer in certain species); (d) a period (usually about 20-100 seconds) of post-oviposition association, when the parasitoid stands over the host and the host is intermittently antennated, during which time the host recovers from paralysis; (e) abrupt and energetic departure, often by flight. Sluggish hosts are generally unattractive, but superparasitism is frequent if (e) is prevented or if the two come into contact again. In most species host feeding was seen only infrequently or not at all in well-fed parasitoids, but it became commoner
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="0BC1F74BAEB8E2EDCDA1D9D0BD7A2F1A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
|
||
aged females; it was always non-destructive and concurrent (i.e using the same host individual as for oviposition) but took place from separate ad hoc wounds made using the ovipositor, usually before but occasionally after oviposition itself. In most species, first instar hosts are oviposited into only with difficulty and even then they frequently die from the trauma, second and early third instars are the most suitable, and from late in the third instar onwards hosts are consistently ignored (a rough guide is that if the host exceeds the length of the parasitoid it will usually be of no interest). In the majority of investigated species the egg floats freely in the haemocoel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AD85A89D98288433BBF4B9D0B7681594" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A82BAD6BFECE966CB74C750DFCE012D6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D91CF2B0DB487495D9C1684443E6876C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cosmopolitan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6C2EA81BBF782B11CD3034721AF64347" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B52429230F7E09E9405E44D0CAD0ECB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="82BD70DEBC44AFB95301A46450C4CCB7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Two papers with descriptions of the same
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0290D38179BAD15A6511FEE1E3463601" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
species appeared in 1838. Most likely
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4CA345ECEA817ED82A4B4C9E8455213" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer’s">Herrich-Schaeffer's</normalizedToken>
|
||
paper was published earlier (the introduction is dated April, 1838) than
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DB13FAA337F84837AC4A27563015881" originalValue="Wesmael’s">Wesmael's</normalizedToken>
|
||
paper. Baron de Stassart stated in his presidential report (Bulletins de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC08E37AAD447885EBB8325A12F2ACAC" originalValue="l’Académie">l'Academie</normalizedToken>
|
||
royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique 5: 328) dated May 6th, 1838, that the 11th volume of the Nouveau Memoires was in press.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |