2098 lines
162 KiB
XML
2098 lines
162 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864" ID-PMC="PMC4956916" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-64-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" ID-PubMed="27489483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576339" ModsDocID="1314-2003-64-1" checkinTime="1465845097482" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hensold, Nancy" docDate="2016" docId="C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 64: 1-57" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 64" docPubDate="2016-06-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864" docTitle="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. pilosus Kunth var. pilosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" masterDocTitle="The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668141705855" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxa</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hensold, Nancy</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-06-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>64</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>57</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
|
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-64-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576339</mods:identifier>
|
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182227048" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="C2D92142-4695-5F88-BFFC-573FAE46C203" authority="(Kunth in H. B. K.) Kunth var. pilosus" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="pilosus">Paepalanthus pilosus (Kunth in H.B.K.) Kunth var. pilosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cushion habit of Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus in Venezuela, November 2012. A Paepalanthus pilosus cushions with bunchgrasses, Paramo Batallon B Individual cushion, with graminoids emerging, Paramo Los Conejos. Photos by Serge Aubert, Station Alpine Joseph Fourier, France. Used by permission (www. cushionplants. eu)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92243" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 1A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capitula and leaf tips of Paepalanthus pilosus and relatives A-E Fruiting capitula with diaspores; sepals detaching (A, D) or intact (C, E) A Paepalanthus dendroides B-C Paepalanthus caryonauta D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus E Paepalanthus lodiculoides F-J Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, involucral bract variation. Arrows = tips of the torn peduncle sheath. (A Davidse 28991 B Barclay 5176, Ecuador C Dudley 11060, Peru D Cuatrecasas 25574 E Ollgaard 9717 F Cuatrecasas 25882 G Cuatrecasas 5553 H Ollgaard 9557 I Cano 16840 J Jorgensen 2366.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92244" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">; 2D, F-J</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Vascular bundle morphology, adaxial side up. A Paepalanthus caryonauta B Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus C-E Paepalanthus dendroides F Paepalanthus huancabambensis midvein, with bundle sheath extensions. (A Valenzuela 8117 B Barbour 3427 C Leon 2683 D-E Leon 2243. F: Sagastegui 16799 D-F Mesophyll darkened for contrast.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92245" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">; 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habits of Paepalanthus pilosus varieties and " Paepalanthus sp. A. " A-D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus. (A Soderstrom 1346 B Sagastegui 12242 C Cano 16840 D Larsen 237.) E Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae (Leon 1597) F-G " Paepalanthus sp. A " (Cuadros 3732) F Habit G Capitulum. In D arrows indicate flowering (fl) and fruiting (fr) capitula." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92253" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">; 11A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pistillate flowers and fruits of Paepalanthus pilosus varieties. A-K Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus (A-B Jorgensen 2366 C-F Cano 16840 G Cuatrecasas 25574 H MacDougal 4463 I Wurdack 1616 J Ollgaard 9557 K Boeke 2133) A-B Flower in anthesis with detail of gynoecial nectaries C Flower in anthesis D Gynoecium E Petal F Seed G Diaspore with detached calyx H Sepal (fr) I Diaspore releasing seed J-K Seeds after wetting L Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae. Mature diaspore, sepals and petals intact. (Leon 1597)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92254" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">; 12A-K</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Kunth in H. B. K.) Kunth var. pilosus" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="pilosus">Paepalanthus pilosus (Kunth in H.B.K.) Kunth var. pilosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Densely branched cushion plants, the cushions reportedly reaching 30 cm in diameter (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Molau 3223</emphasis>
|
||
) and up to 10 cm tall (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Berry 4366</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
subulate, recurved, 7-16 (-20) mm long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.5-) 0.7-1.3 (-1.5) mm wide at midpoint; apex cuspidate-acute to short-aristate, the sharp tip evident in adaxial view; usually appressed pilose adaxially near tip (in Peru and Ecuador), the hairs smooth to roughened, in northern part of range usually with conspicuous long coarse scattered cilia to apex (rare in Peru and Ecuador), often early glabrate, bright green, texture chartaceous to rigidulous, the abaxial surface smooth or with nerves salient.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Peduncles</emphasis>
|
||
appressed-pilose when young especially at apex, often only 1.5-8 mm long and surpassed by the sheaths at anthesis, but frequently and variably elongating up to ten or more times this length (20-100 mm) in fruit; in Peru and Ecuador only rarely up to 50 mm at anthesis and strongly exsert (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cano 16840</emphasis>
|
||
); the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sheaths</emphasis>
|
||
3-15 mm long, scarious and glabrous or minutely tufted at apex, splitting apically into 2 or 3 triangular segments.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Capitula</emphasis>
|
||
3-6 mm in diameter, often borne among the leaves at anthesis, frequently exsert in fruit, more rarely exsert at flowering.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Involucral bracts</emphasis>
|
||
equaling the capitulum to slightly surpassing it, the outer bracts 1.6-4.2 mm long, ovate to often triangular, pale gold or greenish especially along midvein, pilose on upper back to merely tufted or glabrate, the inner bracts more broadly ovate to triangular, sometimes tinged grayish-brown on shoulders; receptacle long-pilose. Trichomes of bract and sepal apices subacute to bulbous, obscurely tuberculate. Flowers ca.10-16 per capitulum, the pistillate peripheral, usually 1-2 (-3) times as many as the staminate flowers.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
: Pedicels 0.35-0.5 mm, fine or rarely wide and spongy, not thickened-rigid in fruit.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, apex acute to rounded, the base linear-ligulate to narrowly cuneate, 1.4-2.65 mm long, 0.3-1.1 mm wide at middle, 0.15-0.3 (-0.4) mm wide at base; usually tinged dusky brown above, rarely uniformly pale cream (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sagastegui 12242</emphasis>
|
||
), short-tufted at apex, ciliate at upper margins, and usually pilose either side of the dorsal midvein; the basal half of the midrib hygroscopically thickened, spadiceous-brown in fruit and recurving when dry, the margins and distal half of the sepal remaining chartaceous, erect; sepals detaching from diaspore before dispersal.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
oblanceolate-spatulate, acute to obtuse to emarginate, rarely (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Wurdack 1616</emphasis>
|
||
) broadly cuneiform; apex truncate-emarginate, apiculate; 1.5-2.35 mm long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.75 (-1.0) mm wide, ca. 2-6 times longer than wide, cream to brownish-tinged, pubescence similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; usually not thickening in fruit, dispersed with the fruit.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gynoecium</emphasis>
|
||
with style base 0.5-1.05 mm, nectaries with stalks 0.3-0.6 mm long, glandular portion dark red to brown, 0.3-0.4 mm long, penicillate with stiff whitish papillae at upper margin (northernmost Peru and northwards), or 0.4-0.5 mm long, clavate-infundibular with stiff whitish sometimes elongate papillae distributed along the outer surface, densest at the rim (Cajamarca:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Celendín">Celendin</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Amazonas: Chachapoyas); papillae rigidulous after anthesis; styles 0.8-1.1 mm long (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Barbour 3427</emphasis>
|
||
: 1.4-1.6 mm long), dark red-brown. Seeds 0.55-0.8 mm long, red-brown, reticulate with abundant white erect to suberect pseudotrichomes.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
: Pedicels 0.2-0.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
1.2-2.45 mm, fused at base unequally, from very briefly to about 1/3 sepal length, obovate to usually spatulate, acute to rounded, narrowed to base and not thickening with age.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Corolla</emphasis>
|
||
1.2-2.5 mm long, the anthophore 0.5-1.5 mm long, comprising
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">30</pageBreakToken>
|
||
-65 % the corolla length, membranous and 0.1-0.2 mm diameter at base, broadening to 0.2-0.3 mm near apex; the corolla tube including lobes 0.5-1.65 mm long. Filaments similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, usually dark red-brown between apex and the base of the corolla lobe, exsert ca.0.2-0.5 mm beyond the lobes. Nectaries reaching the sinuses of the corolla tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
In Central America, mostly collected January to May, and in July, coinciding with the main dry season, and possibly a shorter second dry season (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">veranillo</emphasis>
|
||
), respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grayum, MH" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="51 - 90" refId="B18" refString="Grayum, MH, Hammel, BE, Zamora, N, 2004. El ambiente fisico / The physical environment. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica Vol. I. Introduccion. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 97: 51 - 90" title="El ambiente fisico / The physical environment." volume="97" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica Vol. I. Introduccion." year="2004">Grayum et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the climatically wet paramos of Colombia and Venezuela, peak flowering is June to December, generally the wet season (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 125" refId="B49" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, 2000. Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia. Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota: 85 - 125" title="Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia." year="2000">Rangel-Ch. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cuello, NL" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="177 - 193" publicationUrl="10.3989/ajbm.2253" refId="B12" refString="Cuello, NL, Cleef, AM, Aymard-C, GA, 2010. Phytogeography of the vascular paramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) and its ties to other paramo floras. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 67 (2): 177 - 193, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2253" title="Phytogeography of the vascular paramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) and its ties to other paramo floras." url="10.3989/ajbm.2253" volume="67" year="2010">Cuello et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vareschi, V" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de los Andes, Merida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="B71" refString="Vareschi, V, 1970. Flora de los Paramos de Venezuela. Universidad de los Andes, Merida" title="Flora de los Paramos de Venezuela." year="1970">Vareschi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though probably coinciding with short dry periods, as observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Penalosa, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" publicationUrl="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" refId="B48" refString="Pedraza-Penalosa, P, Betancur, J, Franco-Rosselli, P, 2005. Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" title="Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos" url="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" year="2005">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedraza-Peñalosa">Pedraza-Penalosa</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In Peru, flowering and fruiting mostly from July to September, during a pronounced dry season; in Ecuador, also during predominantly dry months from September to November (to January), fruiting through April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Costa Rica (Cerro Talamanca): Cartago,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Panama: Bocas del Toro. Colombia (Eastern Cordillera, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, possibly Serrania de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
|
||
, also rare in Western and Central Cordilleras): Antioquia,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
D.C.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Santander. Venezuela (Cordillera de Merida and Ramal de Guaramacal): Apure, Lara(?), Merida,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Trujillo. Ecuador: Azuay, Loja, Morona-Santiago, Zamora-Chinchipe(?). Peru (to 7° S lat.): Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Paepalanthus caryonauta and suspected hybrids, Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae, and Paepalanthus " Species A. "" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92248" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Common and characteristic ground cover (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">rasante</emphasis>
|
||
) or cushion species of wet
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, rarely
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="subpáramo">subparamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, on boggy organic soils, or at pond and bog margins but not in standing water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Mumm, U" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="35 - 64" publicationUrl="http://ref.scielo.org/m8v9h8" refId="B59" refString="Schmidt-Mumm, U, Vargas-Rios, O, 2012. Comunidades vegetales de las transiciones terrestre-acuaticas del paramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 60 (1): 35 - 64, http://ref.scielo.org/m8v9h8" title="Comunidades vegetales de las transiciones terrestre-acuaticas del paramo de Chingaza, Colombia." url="http://ref.scielo.org/m8v9h8" volume="60" year="2012">Schmidt-Mumm and Vargas-Rios 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); often associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphagnum" order="Sphagnales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, usually growing amongst shrubs or bunchgrass, in Colombia frequently also with bamboo (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea tessellata" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="tessellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chusquea tessellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Munro) or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Espeletia" order="Asterales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Espeletia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-IDEAM, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="89 - 367" refId="B51" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, Lowy-CP, , Aguilar-PM, , Garzon-C, A, 1997. Tipos de vegetacion en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica II. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-IDEAM, Bogota: 89 - 367" title="Tipos de vegetacion en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica II." year="1997">Rangel-Ch. et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 125" refId="B49" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, 2000. Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia. Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota: 85 - 125" title="Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia." year="2000">Rangel-Ch. and Ariza 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, O" journalOrPublisher="Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Javeriana, Bogota" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="B72" refString="Vargas, O, Rivera, D, 1991. Comunidades vegetales del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza: Sector I Rio La Playa - Rio Guatiquia, (resultados preliminares). Cuadernos Divulgativos No. 23. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Javeriana, Bogota" title="Comunidades vegetales del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza: Sector I Rio La Playa - Rio Guatiquia, (resultados preliminares). Cuadernos Divulgativos No. 23." year="1991">Vargas and Rivera 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is reported by some observers as growing at the base of bunchgrass (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franco-Rosselli, MP" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="219 - 248" publicationUrl="http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/35042" refId="B15" refString="Franco-Rosselli, MP, Rangel-Ch., JO, Lozano-Contreras, G, 1986. Estudios ecologicos en la cordillera Oriental II: Las comunidades vegetales de los alrededores de la laguna de Chingaza. Caldasia 15 (71-75): 219 - 248, http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/35042" title="Estudios ecologicos en la cordillera Oriental II: Las comunidades vegetales de los alrededores de la laguna de Chingaza." url="http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/35042" volume="15" year="1986">Franco-Rosselli et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or shrubs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weberbauer, A" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" publicationUrl="http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=48" refId="B73" refString="Weberbauer, A, 1945. El Mundo Vegetal de los Andes Peruanos. Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima, http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=48" title="El Mundo Vegetal de los Andes Peruanos." url="http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=48" year="1945">Weberbauer 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or under rock ledges, but is also reported in full sun. In Ecuador and the western cordillera of Peru, it is occasionally reported from montane forest. Elevation (2700-) 3000-4000 (-4400) m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a commonly cited species in phytosociological analyses of North Andean paramo, usually under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-IDEAM, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="89 - 367" refId="B51" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, Lowy-CP, , Aguilar-PM, , Garzon-C, A, 1997. Tipos de vegetacion en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica II. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-IDEAM, Bogota: 89 - 367" title="Tipos de vegetacion en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica II." year="1997">Rangel-Ch. et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is reported as a "characteristic and dominant species" of the alliance
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Paepalantho" lsidName="Paepalantho karsteni" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="karsteni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paepalantho karsteni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Chusquioni" lsidName="Chusquioni tessellatae" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="tessellatae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chusquioni tessellatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wet
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
east of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 125" refId="B49" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, 2000. Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia. Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota: 85 - 125" title="Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia." year="2000">Rangel-Ch. and Ariza 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is tolerant of disturbance and may even have a minor role in succession, being reported by several collectors as locally abundant on wet banks and roadsides, and in regenerating burnt paramo.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cleef, AM" journalOrPublisher="Dissertationes Botanicae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 320" refId="B8" refString="Cleef, AM, 1981. The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Dissertationes Botanicae 61: 1 - 320" title="The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental." volume="61" year="1981">Cleef (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that it is one of the first species after
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Castilleja</emphasis>
|
||
to colonize burnt bunchgrass
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cuello, NL" journalOrPublisher="Phytocoenologia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="389 - 409" publicationUrl="10.1127/0340-269X/2009/0039-0389" refId="B11" refString="Cuello, NL, Cleef, AM, 2009. The paramo vegetation of Ramal de Guaramacal, Trujillo State, Venezuela. 2. Azonal vegetation. Phytocoenologia 39 (4): 389 - 409, DOI: 10.1127/0340-269X/2009/0039-0389" title="The paramo vegetation of Ramal de Guaramacal, Trujillo State, Venezuela. 2. Azonal vegetation." url="10.1127/0340-269X/2009/0039-0389" volume="39" year="2009">Cuello and Cleef (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in Venezuela, found it occurring abundantly in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphagnum" order="Sphagnales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mats around the margins of an old lakebed undergoing succession to bunchgrass
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and suggested that this new azonal alliance (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="- recurvi" genus="Sphagno" lsidName="Sphagno" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sphagno -recurvi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="- pilosi" genus="Paepalanthion" lsidName="Paepalanthion" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paepalanthion -pilosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cuello & Cleef) was associated with disturbance by wildlife fragmenting the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphagnum" order="Sphagnales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mat.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, O" journalOrPublisher="Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Javeriana, Bogota" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="B72" refString="Vargas, O, Rivera, D, 1991. Comunidades vegetales del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza: Sector I Rio La Playa - Rio Guatiquia, (resultados preliminares). Cuadernos Divulgativos No. 23. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Javeriana, Bogota" title="Comunidades vegetales del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza: Sector I Rio La Playa - Rio Guatiquia, (resultados preliminares). Cuadernos Divulgativos No. 23." year="1991">Vargas and Rivera (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">quoted</pageBreakToken>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-IDEAM, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="89 - 367" refId="B51" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, Lowy-CP, , Aguilar-PM, , Garzon-C, A, 1997. Tipos de vegetacion en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica II. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-IDEAM, Bogota: 89 - 367" title="Tipos de vegetacion en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica II." year="1997">Rangel-Ch. et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) found
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in paramo disturbed by grazing cavies and rabbits. One collector reported that the plant forms an abundant '
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">necromasa</emphasis>
|
||
' with good water-retaining properties relevant to peat formation (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bernal 1647</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The status of this widespread variable taxon, reported as a colonizer tolerant of disturbance, is presumed to be of Least Concern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B24" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2014. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [on 20 July 2015]" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="taxonomic history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
No type material is found for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriocaulon pilosum" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eriocaulon pilosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth in the herbarium P-Bonpl. in Paris (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stauffer, FW" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="75 - 130" publicationUrl="10.15553/c2012v671a10" refId="B61" refString="Stauffer, FW, Stauffer, J, Dorr, LJ, 2012. Bonpland and Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela. Candollea 67 (1): 75 - 130, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a10" title="Bonpland and Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela." url="10.15553/c2012v671a10" volume="67" year="2012">Stauffer et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lectotype specimen chosen from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kunth’s">Kunth's</normalizedToken>
|
||
herbarium (B) includes two individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with one short-pedunculate individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mounted between them. The middle plant is a good match for the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriocaulon dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eriocaulon dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth, described from the same locality.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kunth’s">Kunth's</normalizedToken>
|
||
concepts of the two species were based partly on the shorter peduncles in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this character varies in both species. Kunth also differentiated
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriocaulon pilosum" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eriocaulon pilosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by leaves rigid,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pilose-ciliate,”">"pilose-ciliate,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
with a sharp apex, and involucral bracts ovate, acute, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriocaulon dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Eriocaulon dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as having leaves acuminate, membranous and glabrous, and involucral bracts obovate. These characters are adequate to distinguish the two elements on the sheet and to justify exclusion of the middle plant from the type material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has suffered confusing taxonomic treatment over time.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koernicke, F" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="274 - 507" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9652page/3/mode/1up" refId="B27" refString="Koernicke, F, 1863. Eriocaulaceae. Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1/2): 274 - 507, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9652page/3/mode/1up" title="Eriocaulaceae." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9652page/3/mode/1up" volume="3" year="1863">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Körnicke">Koernicke</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1863)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both described from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
) as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus selaginoides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="selaginoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus selaginoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Popayán">Popayan</normalizedToken>
|
||
) as distinct taxa, distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus selaginoides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="selaginoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus selaginoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the near obsolete peduncles, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the robust scattered cilia of the leaf margin.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruhland, W" journalOrPublisher="Das Pflanzenreich IV." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 294" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" refId="B56" refString="Ruhland, W, 1903. . Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13): 1 - 294, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" volume="30" year="1903">Ruhland (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized all three under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the claim that these diagnostic characters were too variable, sometimes even within specimens, an impression perhaps fostered by the mixed sheet of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kunth’s">Kunth's</normalizedToken>
|
||
herbarium. At the same time, Ruhland erected an additional new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also from near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
, distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the "leaf indument and apex," the involucral bracts broad and glabrous abaxially, and "a different form of the perianth." Inexplicably, he also described capitula as 2-3 mm wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus 6-8 mm wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which accords neither with the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(capitula 6.5 mm) nor earlier descriptions. How Ruhland thought the leaf indument, apex, or perianth in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differed from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not clear from his description, leaving only the key character of bract pubescence, which also varies widely within species. In fact the broad (obovate) subglabrous bracts seen in the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as recognized by both Kunth and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Körnicke">Koernicke</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs further study (see Doubtful Taxa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moldenke, HN" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="71 - 125" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48964page/81/mode/1up" refId="B40" refString="Moldenke, HN, 1975b. Annotated notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LIV. Phytologia 30: 71 - 125, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48964page/81/mode/1up" title="Annotated notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LIV." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48964page/81/mode/1up" volume="30" year="1975 b">Moldenke (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ostensibly followed Ruhland, treating
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the "involucral bracts glabrous on the outer surface," but his use of the names in annotations (ca.1930's-1980's)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="doesn’t">doesn't</normalizedToken>
|
||
correlate with bract pubescence or shape. In his pattern of annotations, Moldenke revived the appropriate distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but confused the nomenclature, mostly annotating typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while applying the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and occasional long-pedunculate individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This convention was followed by later authors (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cleef, AM" journalOrPublisher="Dissertationes Botanicae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 320" refId="B8" refString="Cleef, AM, 1981. The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Dissertationes Botanicae 61: 1 - 320" title="The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental." volume="61" year="1981">Cleef 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Madrinan, S" journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio de Botanica & Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" publicationUrl="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" refId="B34" refString="Madrinan, S, Zapata, F, 2001. Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Laboratorio de Botanica & Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/ [on 8 June 2014]" title="Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia" url="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Madriñán">Madrinan</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Zapata 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huft’s">Huft's</normalizedToken>
|
||
treatment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huft, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Flora Mesoamericana" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="178 - 184" refId="B23" refString="Huft, MJ, 1994. . Flora Mesoamericana 6: 178 - 184" volume="6" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was similar but treated Central American
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">Paepalanthus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
pilosus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suess" authorityYear="1942" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus kupperi" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kupperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus kupperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hensold, N" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="569 - 575" refId="B22" refString="Hensold, N, Hammel, BE, 2003. Eriocaulaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. II. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 92: 569 - 575" title="Eriocaulaceae." volume="92" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. II." year="2003">Hensold and Hammel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a treatment of Costa Rican species, re-established
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct taxon and corrected application of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accord with the original concept of Kunth and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Körnicke">Koernicke</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which includes both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suess" authorityYear="1942" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus kupperi" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kupperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus kupperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most material determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Moldenke did not specify distinguishing characters for his other species here placed in synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nor were these names widely used. Of his new infraspecific taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" form="corei" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii subsp. f." order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="karstenii" subSpecies="f.">Paepalanthus karstenii f. corei</taxonomicName>
|
||
was said to differ from that species by the peduncles only 1-2 cm in length, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1975" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii subsp. var. var. minimus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="karstenii" subSpecies="var." variety="minimus">Paepalanthus karstenii var. minimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by both leaves and peduncles shorter. The type of the former is in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though Moldenke most commonly applied the name to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus espinosianus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espinosianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus espinosianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus loxensis" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus loxensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were first treated in synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Leon-Yanez, S" journalOrPublisher="Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="B30" refString="Leon-Yanez, S, Hensold, N, 1999. Eriocaulaceae. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador 75, 454 pp." title="Eriocaulaceae." volume="75" year="1999">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León-Yánez">Leon-Yanez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Hensold (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus subsessilis" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subsessilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus subsessilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hensold, N" editor="Hokche, O" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela, Caracas" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="735 - 741" refId="B20" refString="Hensold, N, 2008. Eriocaulaceae. In: Hokche, O, Berry, PE, Huber, O, Eds., Nuevo Catalogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela. Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela, Caracas: 735 - 741" title="Eriocaulaceae." volumeTitle="Nuevo Catalogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela." year="2008">Hensold (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus selaginoides" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="selaginoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus selaginoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally placed in synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruhland, W" journalOrPublisher="Das Pflanzenreich IV." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 294" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" refId="B56" refString="Ruhland, W, 1903. . Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13): 1 - 294, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" volume="30" year="1903">Ruhland (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is clearly closest to that species, but represents the only record of the species from the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Pending closer examination of the type, its placement here is provisional.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Peru and southern Ecuador is characterized by the usually dwarf flowering peduncles with capitula subsessile at anthesis, and the outer involucral bracts greenish or with a green midvein and often longer than wide. In this area, soft hirsutulous pubescence of the upper leaf surface near the apex, similar to that found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is common. From Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela, long robust scattered cilia along the distal margin are frequent and diagnostic when they occur (hence the species epithet;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capitula and leaf tips of Paepalanthus pilosus and relatives A-E Fruiting capitula with diaspores; sepals detaching (A, D) or intact (C, E) A Paepalanthus dendroides B-C Paepalanthus caryonauta D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus E Paepalanthus lodiculoides F-J Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, involucral bract variation. Arrows = tips of the torn peduncle sheath. (A Davidse 28991 B Barclay 5176, Ecuador C Dudley 11060, Peru D Cuatrecasas 25574 E Ollgaard 9717 F Cuatrecasas 25882 G Cuatrecasas 5553 H Ollgaard 9557 I Cano 16840 J Jorgensen 2366.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92244" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but rare in our area. These cilia can often be detected even in older glabrate leaves due to the persistent enlarged basal cells. From
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also be distinguished by the relatively narrow elliptic to oblanceolate petals, and the prominent dark rigid nectaries; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the usually larger capitula, the sharply acute to aristate leaf tips, and (in the typical variety) by the form of the fruiting calyx. (See Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Character comparison of Paepalanthus caryonauta, Paepalanthus dendroides, and Paepalanthus pilosus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B704743A5AF490CE1D399FE51EFC7BF8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="B704743A5AF490CE1D399FE51EFC7BF8">1</tableCitation>
|
||
.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Habit varies from a dense compact mat pressed horizontally by collectors (as in the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus espinosianus" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espinosianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus espinosianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moldenke), to a rounded cushion with branch lengths of a few centimeters, pressed and mounted vertically (as in the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus loxensis" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus loxensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moldenke) The superficial difference in aspect of these two forms caused Moldenke to ally the former species with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the latter species with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus glaziovii" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaziovii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paepalanthus glaziovii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruhland (subsect.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" subSection="Dichocladus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dichocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This character almost certainly varies in response to habitat, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heilborn, O" journalOrPublisher="Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="153 - 170" refId="B19" refString="Heilborn, O, 1925. Contributions to the ecology of the Ecuadorian paramos with special reference to cushion-plants and osmotic pressure. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 19 (2): 153 - 170" title="Contributions to the ecology of the Ecuadorian paramos with special reference to cushion-plants and osmotic pressure." volume="19" year="1925">Heilborn (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted in the vegetatively similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago rigida" order="Plantaginales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plantago rigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth, which forms rounded cushions on wet sites and flat mats on drier sites. Leaves may be ascending to strongly reflexed and appressed to the ground, the latter perhaps a response to drier or sunnier conditions. An example are the collections
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hernandez-Schmidt 1330</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">1432</emphasis>
|
||
from the same locality in Cundinamarca, the former reported on rocks in full sun, with leaves reflexed close to ground, the latter on saturated soil, with leaves erect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Peduncle length is highly variable, as already noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruhland, W" journalOrPublisher="Das Pflanzenreich IV." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 294" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" refId="B56" refString="Ruhland, W, 1903. . Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13): 1 - 294, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68177page/7/mode/1up" volume="30" year="1903">Ruhland (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but much of this variation may be developmental. Actively flowering capitula are usually borne on peduncles only a few millimeters long, barely emergent from the sheath, and in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">vested</pageBreakToken>
|
||
by the sharp cuspidate tips of subtending foliage leaves. Dramatic peduncle elongation often occurs later in fruit, as shown by specimens bearing both subsessile flowering capitula at stem tips, and fruiting capitula lower on the stem on peduncles up to ten times as long (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Larsen 237</emphasis>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habits of Paepalanthus pilosus varieties and " Paepalanthus sp. A. " A-D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus. (A Soderstrom 1346 B Sagastegui 12242 C Cano 16840 D Larsen 237.) E Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae (Leon 1597) F-G " Paepalanthus sp. A " (Cuadros 3732) F Habit G Capitulum. In D arrows indicate flowering (fl) and fruiting (fr) capitula." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92253" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The delayed timing of peduncle elongation may afford wind and frost protection during anthesis, while later enhancing fruit dispersal. Peduncle elongation
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="doesn’t">doesn't</normalizedToken>
|
||
always accompany fruiting or may be minimal, but even in specimens with many subsessile fruiting capitula still embedded in the leaf mat, occasional remains of much longer peduncles can be found (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Barbour 3427</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sagastegui 12242</emphasis>
|
||
). Notably, the only specimen from Peru and Ecuador with peduncles already elongate (2-5 cm) at anthesis was also the only specimen reportedly collected from "montane forest," where it was said to be rare (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cano 16840</emphasis>
|
||
). This plant may represent a taxonomically distinct variant, but for now is treated as an environmental form. In Colombian populations of the Eastern Cordillera, early peduncle elongation may be more common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Other characters showing wide variation in Peru and Ecuador are involucral bract length, capitulum size, and flower and seed size. For example, the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus loxensis" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paepalanthus loxensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Loja) contrasts sharply with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1947" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus espinosianus" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espinosianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paepalanthus espinosianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Azuay) by its much smaller involucral bracts, capitula, flowers, and seeds. Indeed, in most plants from Azuay, in the Cerro Fierro-Urcu (Loja), and in some localities in Peru (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Bagua,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Celendín">Celendin</normalizedToken>
|
||
), outer involucral bracts are ca.2.6-4.0 mm, with the tips often surpassing the large capitula 4-6 mm in diameter (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capitula and leaf tips of Paepalanthus pilosus and relatives A-E Fruiting capitula with diaspores; sepals detaching (A, D) or intact (C, E) A Paepalanthus dendroides B-C Paepalanthus caryonauta D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus E Paepalanthus lodiculoides F-J Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, involucral bract variation. Arrows = tips of the torn peduncle sheath. (A Davidse 28991 B Barclay 5176, Ecuador C Dudley 11060, Peru D Cuatrecasas 25574 E Ollgaard 9717 F Cuatrecasas 25882 G Cuatrecasas 5553 H Ollgaard 9557 I Cano 16840 J Jorgensen 2366.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92244" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, most specimens from southern Loja, the western Cordillera of Peru, and southern Amazonas, Peru, have involucral bracts about 1.6-2.6 mm long and capitula 3-4 mm in diameter (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capitula and leaf tips of Paepalanthus pilosus and relatives A-E Fruiting capitula with diaspores; sepals detaching (A, D) or intact (C, E) A Paepalanthus dendroides B-C Paepalanthus caryonauta D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus E Paepalanthus lodiculoides F-J Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, involucral bract variation. Arrows = tips of the torn peduncle sheath. (A Davidse 28991 B Barclay 5176, Ecuador C Dudley 11060, Peru D Cuatrecasas 25574 E Ollgaard 9717 F Cuatrecasas 25882 G Cuatrecasas 5553 H Ollgaard 9557 I Cano 16840 J Jorgensen 2366.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92244" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2I-J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The length of the pistillate flower sepals was measured in 18 specimens of Peru and Ecuador and was imperfectly correlated with capitulum size. Small flowers (sepals 1.4-1.8 mm) were found in the small-capitate plants from southern Loja and northwestern Peru, and a few large-capitate plants of Azuay; all other specimens were large-flowered (sepals ca. 1.8-2.4 mm long). Seed size showed the strongest geographic correlation, with the smallest seeds observed in the small-flowered specimens from southern Loja and the western cordillera of Peru (0.53-0.63 mm, 5 samples), while elsewhere seeds were larger (0.67-0.8 mm, 8 samples). Among the large-flowered collections, those of Amazonas, Peru, south of the mouth of the Rio Utcubamba (ca. 6° S latitude) are distinguished by the unusually broad female petals (l/w ratio 1.8-2.9 vs. 3.5-7.0 elsewhere), broadly rounded to even truncate-emarginate at apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pistillate flowers and fruits of Paepalanthus pilosus varieties. A-K Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus (A-B Jorgensen 2366 C-F Cano 16840 G Cuatrecasas 25574 H MacDougal 4463 I Wurdack 1616 J Ollgaard 9557 K Boeke 2133) A-B Flower in anthesis with detail of gynoecial nectaries C Flower in anthesis D Gynoecium E Petal F Seed G Diaspore with detached calyx H Sepal (fr) I Diaspore releasing seed J-K Seeds after wetting L Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae. Mature diaspore, sepals and petals intact. (Leon 1597)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92254" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">12I</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by an ambiguous pattern of sepal thickening, both characters suggesting intermediacy with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. leoniae" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="leoniae">Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Also shared with that variety are the funnelform nectaries (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pistillate flowers and fruits of Paepalanthus pilosus varieties. A-K Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus (A-B Jorgensen 2366 C-F Cano 16840 G Cuatrecasas 25574 H MacDougal 4463 I Wurdack 1616 J Ollgaard 9557 K Boeke 2133) A-B Flower in anthesis with detail of gynoecial nectaries C Flower in anthesis D Gynoecium E Petal F Seed G Diaspore with detached calyx H Sepal (fr) I Diaspore releasing seed J-K Seeds after wetting L Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae. Mature diaspore, sepals and petals intact. (Leon 1597)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92254" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">12I</figureCitation>
|
||
) with unusually large, spreading papillae (also found in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sagastegui 12242</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Celendín">Celendin</normalizedToken>
|
||
), in comparison to the commonly penicillate nectaries with small papillae found elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Colombia requires further careful study. In the Eastern Cordillera, particularly in disturbed paramo near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
, there are more pronounced morphological extremes in the species than in other parts of its distribution. Here, leaf lengths range up to 3 cm, capitula from 3.5-8 mm in diameter, peduncles are occa
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">sionally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
strongly exsert at flowering, and involucral bract color and form are variable, ranging from nearly obovate-rounded to narrowly triangular, and pale gold to dark pigmented on the shoulders.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Madrinan, S" journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio de Botanica & Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" publicationUrl="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" refId="B34" refString="Madrinan, S, Zapata, F, 2001. Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Laboratorio de Botanica & Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/ [on 8 June 2014]" title="Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia" url="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Madriñán">Madrinan</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Zapata (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate two sympatric elements for the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
Chingaza, one with ciliate leaves and peduncles exceeding the leaves in length ("
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"), and one with leaves nearly glabrous and peduncles shorter ("
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"). However type material of both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have prominent scattered cilia of the leaf margins, and both have variable peduncle lengths, which may be quite long in fruit. Judging from the photographs, both elements from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
Chingaza fit within my working concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the presence of two reproductively isolated crypto-taxa in this area cannot be ruled out. Some differences especially in leaf size, orientation and pubescence may be due to microhabitat, but polymorphism does seem more exaggerated in collections from the vicinity of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
than from elsewhere, and collectors have often recognized two elements at one locality (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Barclay 4031</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">4057</emphasis>
|
||
, Paramo de Guasca;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dwyer 8186</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">8189</emphasis>
|
||
, Paramo Cruz Verde;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rangel 4045</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">4048</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Duitama). For simplicity I have treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all forms with subulate, sharply cuspidate leaves and the flower and fruit structure described above, and consider robust spreading cilia of the distal leaf margin also diagnostic when present, as it is in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Venezuela and Central America. This may however obscure a more complicated taxonomic picture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Hybridization may be a factor contributing to the chaotic variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the vicinity of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Some material, such as the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Doubtful Taxa) looks intermediate with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as to elongate peduncles and rounded involucral bracts. Typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
, but has not been collected in the vicinity since 1917, while it is still widespread elsewhere. In addition, probable hybrids between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected at the margins of the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at Paramo Frontino (Antioquia), and on the eastern slope of Paramo Sumapaz, south of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
A final complication in the taxonomy of Colombian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
|
||
and vicinity of a closely related but more robust taxon, which may intergrade with it, discussed below under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Selected specimens examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
(of 122 total).
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-03-19" collectorName="Wilbur" country="COSTA RICA" elevation="3350" location="Cerro Asuncion" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cartago">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago">Cartago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:6E3D5B04A7603A67B3D4DEF58D1E159C" country="COSTA RICA" name="Cerro Asuncion" stateProvince="Cartago">
|
||
Cerro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Asunción">Asuncion</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="3350.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1978-03-19">19 Mar 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>Wilbur</collectorName>
|
||
26123
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="E. Alfaro" country="Costa Rica" elevation="3500" latitude="9.490001" location="Valle Las Morrenas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-83.49" municipality="Parque Nac. Chirripo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limon">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Limon">Limon</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Parque Nac.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chirripó">Chirripo</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:CB54CF1A5069481B5C9EF310931D9542" country="Costa Rica" latitude="9.490001" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-83.49" municipality="Parque Nac. Chirripo" name="Valle Las Morrenas" stateProvince="Limon">Valle Las Morrenas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="9.490001">9°29'24"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-83.49">83°29'24"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>E. Alfaro</collectorName>
|
||
417
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-03-28" collectingDateMax="1996-07-27" collectingDateMin="1994-03-28" collectorName="Cascante, Gamboa R." country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Dota" elevation="3150" latitude="9.46" location="Cerro Chirripo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-83.49" municipality="Cerro Vueltas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose">
|
||
San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Canton de Dota</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cerro Vueltas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="9.627778">9°37'40"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-83.852776">83°51'10"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">3150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1994-03-28">28 Mar 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>Cascante</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 212
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:DA56A97869FEDC5B9E656648973224F2" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Dota" latitude="9.46" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-83.49" municipality="Cerro Vueltas" name="Cerro Chirripo" stateProvince="San Jose">
|
||
Cerro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chirripó">Chirripo</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="9.46">9°27'36"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-83.49">83°29'24"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5695" metricValueMax="3.739" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3569.5" valueMax="3739.0" valueMin="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5695" metricValueMax="3.739" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3569.5" valueMax="3739.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400-3739 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1996-07-27">27 Jul 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>Gamboa R.</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 490
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1984-03-06" collectingDateMax="1984-03-08" collectingDateMin="1984-03-06" collectorName="Davidse" country="PANAMA" elevation="3200" latitude="9.116667" location="Cerro Fabrega" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-82.87778" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Panama">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:16174C88D42AA74BB5454E32462AE0D8" country="PANAMA" latitude="9.116667" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-82.87778" name="Cerro Fabrega" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">
|
||
Cerro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fábrega">Fabrega</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.116667">9°07'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-82.87778">82°52'40"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100-3300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1984-03-06" valueMax="1984-03-08" valueMin="1984-03-06">6-8 Mar 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>Davidse</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 25303
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1976-10-27" collectingDateMax="1989-03-02" collectingDateMin="1976-10-27" collectorName="Boeke, McElroy, Ibidem, MacDougal, Roldan" country="COLOMBIA" county="Mpio. Urrao" elevation="3450" location="Llano Grande" municipality="Paramo Frontino" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Antioquia">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Mpio. Urrao</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Paramo Frontino</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:9361DD4E1C52C9A9D5A61B7EF312A804" country="COLOMBIA" county="Mpio. Urrao" municipality="Paramo Frontino" name="Llano Grande" stateProvince="Antioquia">Llano Grande</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" unit="m" value="3450.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" unit="m" value="3450.0">3450 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1976-10-27">27 Oct 1976</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>Boeke</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>McElroy</collectorName>
|
||
265
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY [01347937] p.p., mixed with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at top center),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>Ibidem</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.385" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.32" unit="m" value="3385.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3320.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.385" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.32" unit="m" value="3385.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3320.0">3320-3450 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1989-03-02">2 Mar 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectorName>MacDougal</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roldán">
|
||
<collectorName>Roldan</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
4463
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1917-09-20" collectingDateMax="2003-08-08" collectingDateMin="1917-09-20" collectorName="de Chisaca, Cuatrecasas, Jaramillo, de Sumapaz, S. Rios" country="Colombia" county="Entre Alto" elevation="3320" location="Diego Largo" municipality="Viga" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bogota">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
, DC
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Entre Alto</collectingCounty>
|
||
de las Cruces-La
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Viga</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
y
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:F49DF90DCD55FE5F5CBBCA881A523539" country="Colombia" county="Entre Alto" municipality="Viga" name="Diego Largo" stateProvince="Bogota">Diego Largo</location>
|
||
, 3380-
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" unit="m" value="3320.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" unit="m" value="3320.0">3320 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1939-06-19">19 Jun 1939</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cuatrecasas 5553</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:410651E8FC30C870E850FA564865D1A7" country="Colombia" county="Entre Alto" municipality="Viga" name="Paramo de Chisaca" stateProvince="Bogota">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="3.66" unit="m" value="3690.0" valueMax="3720.0" valueMin="3660.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="3.66" unit="m" value="3690.0" valueMax="3720.0" valueMin="3660.0">
|
||
3660-
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">3720</pageBreakToken>
|
||
m
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1961-09-11">11 Sep 1961</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Jaramillo</collectorName>
|
||
25882
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:69767BA76069469E02518236B25F4474" country="Colombia" county="Entre Alto" municipality="Viga" name="Paramo de Cruz Verde" stateProvince="Bogota">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Cruz Verde
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3400.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="3400.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3300.0">3300-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1917-09-20">20 Sep 1917</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pennell 2074</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:B675275A73E88092CC52E0609167FEDC" country="Colombia" county="Entre Alto" municipality="Viga" name="Paramo de Sumapaz" stateProvince="Bogota">
|
||
Paramo
|
||
<collectorName>de Sumapaz</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" unit="m" value="3750.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" unit="m" value="3750.0">3750 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-08-08">8 Aug 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>S. Rios</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 16
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UDBC [UDBC15910])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1951-04-26" collectingDateMax="2011-08-02" collectingDateMin="1951-04-26" collectorName="Romero-Castaneda, Soderstrom, Usme, Predio El Refugio, Trujillo" country="Colombia" elevation="3596" location="Paramo de Chisaca" municipality="Cerro Monserrate" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cerro Monserrate</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1951-04-26">26 Apr 1951</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Romero-Castaneda</collectorName>
|
||
2492
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:679EED330DE02FAAE4B3C3C39C46DCA0" country="Colombia" municipality="Cerro Monserrate" name="Paramo de Chisaca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.596" unit="m" value="3596.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.596" unit="m" value="3596.0">3596 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1966-10-15">15 Oct 1966</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Soderstrom</collectorName>
|
||
1346
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<collectorName>Usme</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Predio El Refugio</collectorName>
|
||
EAAB, alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.726" unit="m" value="3726.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.726" unit="m" value="3726.0">3726 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-08-02">2 Aug 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Trujillo</collectorName>
|
||
600
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UDBC [UDBC30513])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1938-09-12" collectingDateMax="1986-09-30" collectingDateMin="1938-09-12" collectorName="de Las Lagunillas, Paramo de la Rusia, de Belen, Rangel" country="Colombia" county="Nevado del Cocuy" elevation="4150" latitude="6.026389" location="Paramo de la Rusia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-72.95222" municipality="Cuatrecasas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Boyaca">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Nevado del Cocuy</collectingCounty>
|
||
, valle
|
||
<collectorName>de Las Lagunillas</collectorName>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="4150.0" valueMax="4300.0" valueMin="4000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="4150.0" valueMax="4300.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000-4300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1938-09-12">12 Sep 1938</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cuatrecasas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
1501
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:24F3930E5F604F73D940802580C22F1B" country="Colombia" county="Nevado del Cocuy" latitude="6.026389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-72.95222" municipality="Cuatrecasas" name="Paramo de la Rusia" stateProvince="Boyaca">Paramo de la Rusia</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:2EB04E6D2EE308642C76AF9D730D6F98" country="Colombia" county="Nevado del Cocuy" latitude="6.026389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-72.95222" municipality="Cuatrecasas" name="Duitama" stateProvince="Boyaca">Duitama</location>
|
||
-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Charalá">Charala</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6239999999999997" unit="m" value="3624.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6239999999999997" unit="m" value="3624.0">3624 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1953-08-20">20 Aug 1953</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:A755DF592C1D2ECB41ECCD84F7730E80" country="Colombia" county="Nevado del Cocuy" latitude="6.026389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-72.95222" municipality="Cuatrecasas" name="Langenheim" stateProvince="Boyaca">Langenheim</location>
|
||
3508
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MICH);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:FC2C3BCF65855319E285DB0347F6BBB4" country="Colombia" county="Nevado del Cocuy" latitude="6.026389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-72.95222" municipality="Cuatrecasas" name="Duitama" stateProvince="Boyaca">Duitama</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:D71E7A2BDD99EF4ED745C0C7DAC73920" country="Colombia" county="Nevado del Cocuy" latitude="6.026389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-72.95222" municipality="Cuatrecasas" name="Paramo de Belen" stateProvince="Boyaca">
|
||
Paramo
|
||
<collectorName>de Belen</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="6.026389">06°01'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-72.95222">72° 57'08"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="m" value="3900.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="m" value="3900.0">3900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1986-09-30">30 Sep 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Rangel</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 4045
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1951-02-14" collectingDateMax="2003-12-12" collectingDateMin="1951-02-14" collectorName="de Guasca, de Neusa, de Chipaque, de Choachi, La Calera, de Palacio, Paramo El Tablazo, M. Hernandez Schmidt, Schultes" country="Colombia" county="Paramo de Guasca" elevation="3200" location="Boqueron de Chipaque" municipality="Represa de Neusa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
Paramo
|
||
<collectorName>de Guasca</collectorName>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000-3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1957-06-13">13 Jun 1957</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barclay 4031</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Represa
|
||
<collectorName>de Neusa</collectorName>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1957-06-22">22 Jun 1957</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barclay 4150</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:5AD09E97503BE8C0F2C965DC16087068" country="Colombia" county="Paramo de Guasca" municipality="Represa de Neusa" name="Boqueron de Chipaque" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
Boqueron
|
||
<collectorName>de Chipaque</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="3350.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1957-07-12">12 Jul 1957</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barclay 4489</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:ACB39521BCF0376279A59343C6B8D1E5" country="Colombia" county="Paramo de Guasca" municipality="Represa de Neusa" name="Paramo de Choachi" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Choachi</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-06-18">18 Jun 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barclay 7757</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:F0D1B47CC7A6709667A4559709623D09" country="Colombia" county="Paramo de Guasca" municipality="Represa de Neusa" name="Mpio. de Fomeque" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
Mpio. de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fómeque">Fomeque</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:C413943FAF608C471E70079651352B34" country="Colombia" county="Paramo de Guasca" municipality="Represa de Neusa" name="Sector La Playa" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Sector La Playa</location>
|
||
(Parque Nac. Natural Chingaza),
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" unit="m" value="3180.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" unit="m" value="3180.0">3180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1991-08-31">31 Aug 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bernal et al. 1647</emphasis>
|
||
(COL [COL000066835]);
|
||
<collectorName>La Calera</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:96B3F02C01F0B337587F5D3928771700" country="Colombia" county="Paramo de Guasca" municipality="Represa de Neusa" name="Paramo de Palacio" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
|
||
Paramo
|
||
<collectorName>de Palacio</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.46" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.42" unit="m" value="3460.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3420.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.46" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.42" unit="m" value="3460.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3420.0">3420-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-12-08">8 Dec 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cuatrecasas et al. 25574</emphasis>
|
||
(F); Mpio. Subachoque,
|
||
<collectorName>Paramo El Tablazo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-10-06">6 Oct 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>M. Hernandez Schmidt</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 1330
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL [COL000034189]),
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-12-12">12 Dec 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>M. Hernandez Schmidt</collectorName>
|
||
1432
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL [COL000034188]);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sopó">Sopo</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1951-02-14">14 Feb 1951</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Schultes</collectorName>
|
||
11590
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1972-07-29" collectingDateMax="1977-05-31" collectingDateMin="1972-07-29" collectorName="Kirkbride, Forero, S. White, Alverson" country="Colombia" county="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" elevation="3480" latitude="10.633333" location="Slopes of Cuchilla Chebachucua" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="-73.63333" municipality="Laguna Chubdula" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Magdalena">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Laguna Chubdula</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.916667">10°55'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.88333">73°53'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="3480.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="3480.0">3480 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1972-07-29">29 Jul 1972</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Kirkbride</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Forero</collectorName>
|
||
1784
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:FCF2F9A09B8B58C503CEE8E6C039B610" country="Colombia" county="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" latitude="10.633333" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="-73.63333" municipality="Laguna Chubdula" name="Slopes of Cuchilla Chebachucua" stateProvince="Magdalena">Slopes of Cuchilla Chebachucua</location>
|
||
, valley of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:8436A9E551FBFE69011FFD36948DA26C" country="Colombia" county="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" latitude="10.633333" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="-73.63333" municipality="Laguna Chubdula" name="Rio Duriameina" stateProvince="Magdalena">Rio Duriameina</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.633333">10°38'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.63333">73°38'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1977-05-31">31 May 1977</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>S. White</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Alverson</collectorName>
|
||
642
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-02-25" collectorName="Paramo El Romeral, Ortiz R." country="Colombia" elevation="3500" location="Cucutilla" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Norte de Santander">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Norte de Santander">Norte de Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:5DF7DE2F32948F744DD906F13987A1DA" country="Colombia" name="Cucutilla" stateProvince="Norte de Santander">Cucutilla</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
El Romeral
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" unit="m" value="3500.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" unit="m" value="3500.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3200.0">3200-3800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2002-02-25">25 Feb 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Ortiz R.</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 978
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL [COL000066965])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1960-01-01" collectorName="Barclay" country="Colombia" elevation="3600" location="Paramo del Almorzadero" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santander">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Santander">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:D931A83428553B89A71BF9038449C593" country="Colombia" name="Paramo del Almorzadero" stateProvince="Santander">Paramo del Almorzadero</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1960-01-01">1 Jan 1960</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Barclay</collectorName>
|
||
10394
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1973-06-26" collectorName="de Tama, Ruiz-Teran, Lopez-Figueiras" country="VENEZUELA" elevation="3100" location="Distr. Paez" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Apure">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Apure">Apure</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:7CA71BAEC561B1485D63289CBA8E0F33" country="VENEZUELA" name="Distr. Paez" stateProvince="Apure">
|
||
Distr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paéz">Paez</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, paramo
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamá">Tama</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="m" value="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1973-06-26">26 Jun 1973</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Ruiz-Teran</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="López-Figueiras">
|
||
<collectorName>Lopez-Figueiras</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
8555
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MICH)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-08-13" collectorName="Riina" country="Venezuela" county="Parque Nacional Dinira" elevation="3000" latitude="9.565278" location="Tocuyo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.104996" municipality="Paramo de Jabon" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lara">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Lara">Lara</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Parque Nacional Dinira</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Paramo de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jabón">Jabon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, vista al
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:1ABA86A688132FB39B1DB076E8247786" country="Venezuela" county="Parque Nacional Dinira" latitude="9.565278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.104996" municipality="Paramo de Jabon" name="Tocuyo" stateProvince="Lara">Tocuyo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="9.565278">09°33'55"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-70.104996">70° 06'18"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1999-08-13">13 Aug 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Riina</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 522
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1959-11-19" collectingDateMax="1983-10-11" collectingDateMin="1959-11-19" collectorName="de Mucubaji, Barclay, Juajibioy, de El Aguila, Berry, Distr. Campo Elias" country="Venezuela" county="Distr. Rangel" elevation="3580" location="Alto del Totumo" municipality="Sierra de Santo Domingo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Merida">Merida</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Distr. Rangel</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Sierra de Santo Domingo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, paramo
|
||
<collectorName>de Mucubaji</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.56" unit="m" value="3580.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3560.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.56" unit="m" value="3580.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3560.0">3560-3600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-11-19">19 Nov 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Barclay</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Juajibioy</collectorName>
|
||
9565
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Distr. Justo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:748B57396795870F977BB9C5FE7DE51B" country="Venezuela" county="Distr. Rangel" municipality="Sierra de Santo Domingo" name="Alto del Totumo" stateProvince="Merida">Alto del Totumo</location>
|
||
, hoya del
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:07692129388511FA0E0703E961AEC911" country="Venezuela" county="Distr. Rangel" municipality="Sierra de Santo Domingo" name="Rio Chiruri" stateProvince="Merida">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chirurí">Chiruri</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, a
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" unit="km" value="19.5">19.5 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectorName>de El Aguila</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.9" unit="m" value="3950.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3900.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.9" unit="m" value="3950.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3900.0">3900-4000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1983-10-11">11 Oct 1983</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Berry</collectorName>
|
||
4229
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<collectorName>Distr. Campo Elias</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1952-09" collectingDateMax="1984-08-22" collectingDateMin="1952-09" collectorName="Berry, Humbert, Distr" country="Venezuela" county="San Jose de Acequias - Mucutuy" elevation="3120" location="Paramo de Mucuchies" municipality="Distr. Rangel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">San Jose</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Acequias - Mucutuy
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" unit="m" value="3120.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" unit="m" value="3120.0">3120 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1984-08-22">22 Aug 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Berry</collectorName>
|
||
4366
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Distr. Rangel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:8FE6B635ADAE6ACB1195A3573D761D78" country="Venezuela" county="San Jose de Acequias - Mucutuy" municipality="Distr. Rangel" name="Paramo de Mucuchies" stateProvince="San Jose">
|
||
Paramo
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:F3E888AB574F3B67A0D4007147FAA620" country="Venezuela" county="San Jose de Acequias - Mucutuy" municipality="Distr. Rangel" name="de Mucuchies" stateProvince="San Jose">de Mucuchies</location>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" unit="m" value="3750.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" unit="m" value="3750.0">3750 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1952-09">Sept 1952</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Humbert</collectorName>
|
||
26300
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<collectorName>Distr</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1944-03-24" collectingDateMax="1969-12-17" collectingDateMin="1944-03-24" collectorName="Steyermark, Distr. Libertador, La Aguada, Koyama" country="Venezuela" elevation="2893" location="Timotes - Paramito" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Miranda">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Miranda">Miranda</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:A15F5C68F45CA435B6E67A13A0D94267" country="Venezuela" name="Timotes - Paramito" stateProvince="Miranda">Timotes - Paramito</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8925" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.285" unit="m" value="2892.5" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="2285.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8925" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.285" unit="m" value="2892.5" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="2285.0">2285-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1944-03-24">24 Mar 1944</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Steyermark</collectorName>
|
||
55727
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<collectorName>Distr. Libertador</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>La Aguada</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" unit="m" value="3475.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" unit="m" value="3475.0">3475 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1969-12-17">17 Dec 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Steyermark</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Koyama</collectorName>
|
||
102359
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-10-19" collectorName="Luteyn" country="Venezuela" elevation="3300" location="Pata de Judio" municipality="Paramo de Tama" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tachira">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Tachira">Tachira</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Paramo de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamá">Tama</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:A646288AD41F983E48D55505512B710E" country="Venezuela" municipality="Paramo de Tama" name="Pata de Judio" stateProvince="Tachira">Pata de Judio</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1978-10-19">19 Oct 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Luteyn</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 5927
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-06-15" collectorName="Dorr" country="Venezuela" elevation="2950" location="Parque Nac. Guaramacal" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Trujillo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:BCC078243D85B2EB5B3939304923AAE0" country="Venezuela" name="Parque Nac. Guaramacal" stateProvince="Trujillo">Parque Nac. Guaramacal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.8" unit="m" value="2950.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="2800.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.8" unit="m" value="2950.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800-3100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2001-06-15">15 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectorName>Dorr</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 9005
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2000-01-12" collectingDateMax="2006-07-18" collectingDateMin="2000-01-12" collectorName="de Matanga, Jorgensen" country="ECUADOR" elevation="3340" latitude="-3.1966667" location="Paramo de Matanga" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.785835" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azuay">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Azuay">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:A09EED3526AA68834A95F25863859F68" country="ECUADOR" latitude="-3.1966667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.785835" name="Paramo de Matanga" stateProvince="Azuay">
|
||
Paramo
|
||
<collectorName>de Matanga</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-3.2283335">03°13'42"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-78.95389">78°57'14"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" unit="m" value="3340.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" unit="m" value="3340.0">3340 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-07-18">18 Jul 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aedo et al. 13036</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Gualaceo -
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, side road at km 25.2,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.0">03°00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.666664">78° 40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.54" unit="m" value="3570.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3540.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.54" unit="m" value="3570.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3540.0">3540-3600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2000-01-12">12 Jan 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1851
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO); Sigsig - Gualaquiza, km 28,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-3.1966667">03° 11'48"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-78.785835">78°47'09"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMin="3.28" unit="m" value="3305.0" valueMax="3330.0" valueMin="3280.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMin="3.28" unit="m" value="3305.0" valueMax="3330.0" valueMin="3280.0">3280-3330 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2000-11-14">14 Nov 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">
|
||
<collectorName>Jorgensen</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2366
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1976-09-16" collectorName="Ollgaard, Balslev" country="Ecuador" elevation="3375" latitude="-2.8" location="Paramo de Castillo" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-78.6" municipality="Muletrack Sevilla de Oro-Mendez" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azuay">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Azuay">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Muletrack Sevilla de Oro-Mendez</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:AE42309E831EDFF301AE76586114E1AC" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.8" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-78.6" municipality="Muletrack Sevilla de Oro-Mendez" name="Paramo de Castillo" stateProvince="Azuay">Paramo de Castillo</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.8">2°48'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.6">78°36'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.25" unit="m" value="3375.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3250.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.25" unit="m" value="3375.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3250.0">3250-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1976-09-16">16 Sep 1976</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">
|
||
<collectorName>Ollgaard</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Balslev</collectorName>
|
||
9557
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1876-10-18" collectingDateMax="1997-11-14" collectingDateMin="1876-10-18" collectorName="de Savanilla, Jorgensen, Yangana, Valladolid, Larsen, Dall, Ibid., Lewis, Klitgaard" country="Ecuador" county="Tambo de Savanilla" elevation="3840" latitude="-3.7194445" location="Fierro Urco" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.32166" municipality="Andre" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
Tambo
|
||
<collectorName>de Savanilla</collectorName>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1876-10-18">18 Oct 1876</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="André">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Andre</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
K-1438
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:5C56C1F7284F22AFF18E377A6B714862" country="Ecuador" county="Tambo de Savanilla" latitude="-3.7194445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.32166" municipality="Andre" name="Fierro Urco" stateProvince="Loja">Fierro Urco</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:4862E8068F17D55EAA79BAB7AED736C8" country="Ecuador" county="Tambo de Savanilla" latitude="-3.7194445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.32166" municipality="Andre" name="Saraguro-Loja" stateProvince="Loja">Saraguro-Loja</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-3.7194445">03°43'10"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-79.32166">79° 19'18"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" unit="m" value="3840.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" unit="m" value="3840.0">3840 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1994-12-06">6 Dec 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">
|
||
<collectorName>Jorgensen</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1241
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<collectorName>Yangana</collectorName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectorName>Valladolid</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.8" unit="m" value="2850.0" valueMax="2900.0" valueMin="2800.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.8" unit="m" value="2850.0" valueMax="2900.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800-2900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1985-09-05">5 Sep 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Larsen</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Dall</collectorName>
|
||
237
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Ibid.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">3150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1997-11-14">14 Nov 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Lewis</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Klitgaard</collectorName>
|
||
3726
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1962-08-05" collectingDateMax="1996-12-08" collectingDateMin="1962-08-05" collectorName="Rojas, Prov. Chachapoyas, Weberbauer, Molinopampa, Diosan, Wurdack" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" elevation="3290" latitude="-6.0747223" location="Barbour" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Prov. Bagua</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Cordillera
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colán">Colan</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" unit="m" value="3290.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" unit="m" value="3290.0">3290 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1978-09-09">9 Sep 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:E29E25CBEB6E0A14911B77BFA3B30BDC" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Barbour" stateProvince="Amazonas">Barbour</location>
|
||
3427
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:5EF333C2C3998D3058DCA7C429ECC25D" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Prov. Chachapoyas" stateProvince="Amazonas">Prov. Chachapoyas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:D779713EA94831AC9B6D32EF0977AA4B" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Leimebamba-Chilchos" stateProvince="Amazonas">Leimebamba-Chilchos</location>
|
||
trail,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1977-07-04">4 Jul 1977</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:91862AE8EF6D793FD761230EB1BFEF79" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Boeke" stateProvince="Amazonas">Boeke</location>
|
||
2133
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, USM n.v.);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:64326382899A1D0C595819DCBF36172F" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Prov. Luya" stateProvince="Amazonas">Prov. Luya</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:0ADDADB0651530A13E401ECB013F4A5C" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Distrito Camporedondo" stateProvince="Amazonas">Distrito Camporedondo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:F1932BAB6A9F1331B54D92B975884EC5" country="PERU" county="Prov. Bagua" latitude="-6.0747223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.312225" municipality="Cordillera Colan" name="Tullanya" stateProvince="Amazonas">Tullanya</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-6.0747223">06°04'29"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-78.312225">78°18'44"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" unit="m" value="3320.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" unit="m" value="3320.0">3320 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1996-12-08">8 Dec 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez-M">Vasquez-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
. &
|
||
<collectorName>Rojas</collectorName>
|
||
21996
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<collectorName>Prov. Chachapoyas</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Weberbauer</collectorName>
|
||
4416
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F frag ex G);
|
||
<collectorName>Molinopampa</collectorName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectorName>Diosan</collectorName>
|
||
pass,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100-3300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1962-08-05">5 Aug 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Wurdack</collectorName>
|
||
1616
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1984-08-18" collectingDateMax="1998-07-22" collectingDateMin="1984-08-18" collectorName="Prov. Jaen, Sallique, Localidad El Paramo, Campos, Prov. Celendin, Sagastegui" country="Peru" elevation="3400" latitude="-5.6808333" location="Jalca de Kumulca" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.316666" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cajamarca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Sallique</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Localidad El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-5.6808333">05°40'51"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-79.316666">79°19'00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1998-07-22">22 Jul 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Campos</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 5334
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO);
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Celendín">Celendin</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:72AC9D51111D3E5B2DA4C8466CE6F7E0" country="Peru" latitude="-5.6808333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.316666" name="Jalca de Kumulca" stateProvince="Cajamarca">Jalca de Kumulca</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="3300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="3300.0">3300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1984-08-18">18 Aug 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">
|
||
<collectorName>Sagastegui</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 12242
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-04-22" collectorName="Chocce" country="Peru" elevation="3253" location="Canaris" municipality="Ferrenafe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lambayeque">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Lambayeque">Lambayeque</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferreñafe">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Ferrenafe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañaris">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:1C18ECFB4DD15ACB2F06734FCB0A417B" country="Peru" municipality="Ferrenafe" name="Canaris" stateProvince="Lambayeque">Canaris</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.253" unit="m" value="3253.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.253" unit="m" value="3253.0">3253 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-04-22">22 Apr 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Chocce</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 5688
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USM [photo])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-07-28" collectorName="Carmen de la Frontera, Cano" country="Peru" elevation="3160" location="Nueva York" municipality="Huancabamba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Piura">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Piura">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Huancabamba</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Carmen de la Frontera</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2D9214246955F88BFFC573FAE46C203:3450E654C3D72585D499D160B24E1FF1" country="Peru" municipality="Huancabamba" name="Nueva York" stateProvince="Piura">Nueva York</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" unit="m" value="3160.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" unit="m" value="3160.0">3160 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-07-28">28 Jul 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectorName>Cano</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 16840
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, USM [photo])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974749" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92253" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varieties and "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A."
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="var. pilosus" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="pilosus">Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Soderstrom 1346</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
|
||
12242
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cano 16840</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Larsen 237</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. leoniae" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="leoniae">Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1597)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F-G</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cuadros 3732</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F</emphasis>
|
||
Habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G</emphasis>
|
||
Capitulum. In
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
|
||
arrows indicate flowering (fl) and fruiting (fr) capitula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974751" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92254" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Pistillate flowers and fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varieties.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A-K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="var. pilosus" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="pilosus">Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
2366
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C-F</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cano 16840</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cuatrecasas 25574</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MacDougal 4463</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">I</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Wurdack 1616</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">J</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">Ollgaard</normalizedToken>
|
||
9557
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">K</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Boeke 2133</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
Flower in anthesis with detail of gynoecial nectaries
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
Flower in anthesis
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
|
||
Gynoecium
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E</emphasis>
|
||
Petal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F</emphasis>
|
||
Seed
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G</emphasis>
|
||
Diaspore with detached calyx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
|
||
Sepal (fr)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">I</emphasis>
|
||
Diaspore releasing seed
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">J-K</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds after wetting
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. leoniae" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="leoniae">Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mature diaspore, sepals and petals intact. (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1597
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |