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<document id="0D069DC06A5C928B9DB45D8F913DC0AD" ID-CLB-Dataset="32335" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e31a5999-0456-4df7-a0a8-66dc524ef5b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="847524" ID-ZooBank="E246BBD3-FCE0-4CB8-9442-70DC421E3D96" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503490245543" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A., Nosler, Philip &amp; Marek, Paul" docDate="2017" docId="B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4311.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4311 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amplaria nazinta 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="497A66356269D01FFF94FFAE84462540" masterDocTitle="The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="233" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1698467072172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5F99758E7451730C7042037D7FEFB850">The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DFB0ADE6E20B2501D14EA878529CA447">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E7D91EFFF35D1BE5776378AFDFBC874">Nosler, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="343B8B184D6A0452CEAFDD93FF714103">Marek, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="37570426BC5DCECE99A1D0E8319814CE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="772A59ACC574A654A1B43C9FC607BFA1">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="85A1D40A2DFBDE4ACAF3103D50AF8362" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6016030" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132797443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6016030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<subSubSection id="75F0FCD06268D01EFF03FAF5854B20D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF03FAF586232036" blockId="1.[151,613,1371,1431]" box="[151,613,1371,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<heading id="661D18376268D01EFF03FAF586232036" bold="true" box="[151,613,1371,1398]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D86268D01EFF03FAF586232036" ID-CoL="D7JC" authority="(Chamberlin), 1910" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,613,1371,1398]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF03FAF586232036" bold="true" box="[151,613,1371,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF03FAF5852F2035" bold="true" box="[151,361,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFEEDFAF286232036" author="Chamberlin" box="[377,613,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1910) Diplopoda from the western states. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 3, 233 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 3.4.233" type="journal article" year="1910">Chamberlin), 1910</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF03FAD0854B20D7" blockId="1.[151,613,1371,1431]" box="[151,269,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE6268D01EFF03FAD0854B20D7" box="[151,269,1406,1431]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStart-2="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStart-3="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStart-4="FIGURES 14 – 16" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,648,671]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,264,1712,1735]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,264,1461,1484]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,264,1213,1236]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetBox-2="[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetBox-3="[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetBox-4="[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1, 2. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910). Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male. Col, collum; lab, labrum." captionText-1="FIGURES 3 – 5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3 – 5 of male. cp 3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L 3 – 5, legs 3 – 5; pf, prefemur; pf 3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments." captionText-2="FIGURES 6 – 9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7." captionText-3="FIGURES 10 – 13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest." captionText-4="FIGURES 14 – 16. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites; tel, telopodite; sp, coxosternal process; st, sternum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/847526/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/847530/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/847534/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Figs. 1–15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75F0FCD06268D01EFF03FA69800523EC" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF03FA698759209C" blockId="1.[151,1092,1478,1531]" box="[151,799,1478,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D86268D01EFF03FA6985A9209C" ID-CoL="6ZXBW" authority="Chamberlin 1910" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,495,1478,1500]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Striaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF03FA698570209C" box="[151,310,1479,1500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Striaria nazinta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFEA8FA6885A9209C" author="Chamberlin" box="[316,495,1478,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1910) Diplopoda from the western states. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 3, 233 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 3.4.233" type="journal article" year="1910">Chamberlin 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 242;
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFDD2FA688688209C" author="Loomis" box="[582,718,1478,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1936) New millipeds of the American family Striariidae. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 26, 404 - 409." type="journal article" year="1936">Loomis 1936</bibRefCitation>
, p. 408.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF03FA4B800220BB" blockId="1.[151,1092,1478,1531]" box="[151,1092,1509,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D86268D01EFF03FA4B864B20BB" authority=", Chamberlin, 1941" authorityName=", Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,525,1509,1531]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF03FA4B850820BB" box="[151,334,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Amplaria nazinta,</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFEC0FA4B864B20BB" author="Chamberlin" box="[340,525,1509,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1941) New western millipeds. Bulletin of the University of Utah, Biological Series 6, 31 (12), 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1941">Chamberlin, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 9;
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFDDEFA4B869620BB" author="Causey" box="[586,720,1509,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Causey, N. B. (1958) New records and descriptions of a new genus and species of millipeds of the family Striariidae (Chordeumida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 71, 179 - 184." type="journal article" year="1958">Causey 1958</bibRefCitation>
, p. 180;
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFCB3FA4B804620BB" author="Shear" box="[807,1024,1509,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Shear, W. A. &amp; Krejca, J. K. (2007) Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Zootaxa, 1532, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear &amp; Krejca 2007</bibRefCitation>
, p. 26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF03F989800523EC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1575,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<materialsCitation id="8D82A5066268D01EFF03F989801923C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586888106" collectionCode="VMNH" county="Multnomah Co." location="Portland" municipality="In" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF03F98985F02300" bold="true" box="[151,438,1575,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
Designation of
<typeStatus id="E25111F96268D01EFEC6F98985F72300" box="[338,433,1575,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="DD3135216268D01EFE55F986859E237F" box="[449,472,1576,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">In</collectingMunicipality>
the absence of a
<typeStatus id="E25111F96268D01EFD3AF98686982300" box="[686,734,1576,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">type</typeStatus>
specimen, we designate the following as the
<typeStatus id="E25111F96268D01EFB6EF98681112300" box="[1274,1367,1576,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
: male specimen from
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B96268D01EFEC2F9E285EB2324" box="[342,429,1612,1636]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Oregon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="D434D7D76268D01EFE54F9E2863A2324" box="[448,636,1612,1637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Multnomah Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="3835F9806268D01EFD04F9E286B42325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313:3835F9806268D01EFD04F9E286B42325" box="[656,754,1612,1637]" county="Multnomah Co." municipality="In" name="Portland" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Oregon">Portland</location>
,
<location id="3835F9806268D01EFC91F9E287A22325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313:3835F9806268D01EFC91F9E287A22325" box="[773,996,1612,1637]" county="Multnomah Co." municipality="In" name="Powell Butte Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Oregon">Powell Butte Park</location>
, 45.488820, –122.513119.
<location id="3835F9806268D01EFABAF9E281DA2325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313:3835F9806268D01EFABAF9E281DA2325" box="[1326,1436,1612,1637]" county="Multnomah Co." municipality="In" name="Specimen" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Oregon">Specimen</location>
deposited in the
<location id="3835F9806268D01EFEC5F9C186AB23C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313:3835F9806268D01EFEC5F9C186AB23C8" box="[337,749,1647,1672]" county="Multnomah Co." municipality="In" name="Virginia Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Oregon">Virginia Museum of Natural History</location>
,
<location id="3835F9806268D01EFD6DF9C187C323C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313:3835F9806268D01EFD6DF9C187C323C8" box="[761,901,1647,1672]" county="Multnomah Co." municipality="In" name="Martinsville" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Oregon">Martinsville</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B96268D01EFC04F9C187AD23C8" box="[912,1003,1647,1672]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Virginia</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="5BFB379E6268D01EFC6FF9DE801123C8" box="[1019,1111,1648,1672]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zxpe-c0as" name="Virginia Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">VMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8D82A5066268D01EFBFEF9C1807823EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586888105" collectionCode="VMNH" location="Towle Butte" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="neotype">
Additional specimens from nearby
<location id="3835F9806268D01EFF7EF93A853523EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5431E4D6268D019FF03FAF5876F2313:3835F9806268D01EFF7EF93A853523EC" box="[234,371,1684,1709]" name="Towle Butte" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Oregon">Towle Butte</location>
(45.467431, –122.449857) have also been deposited at
<collectionCode id="5BFB379E6268D01EFC71F93B807823EC" box="[997,1086,1685,1708]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zxpe-c0as" name="Virginia Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">VMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75F0FCD06268D01EFF53F919877B2257" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF53F919877B2257" blockId="1.[151,1436,1575,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF53F91985072390" bold="true" box="[199,321,1719,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D86268D01EFEDCF919864D2390" authorityName=", Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[328,523,1719,1744]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFEDCF919864D2390" box="[328,523,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other known species of
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D86268D01EFC3CF91980542390" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[936,1042,1719,1744]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFC3CF91980542390" box="[936,1042,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Amplaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the form of the gonopods, in the reduced spines of the male labrum, in the presence of needle-like setae on the first legs of the males and the scarcely detectable (but present, see below) segmental setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75F0FCD06268D01EFF53F88A876F22B1" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B6268D01EFF53F88A876F22B1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1575,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFF53F88A8508227D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1828,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Etymology.</emphasis>
Chamberlin, in addition to his biological work, was an ethnographer who lived with and studied the Goshute Indians of
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B96268D01EFE09F8E985912220" box="[413,471,1863,1888]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Utah</collectingRegion>
. He often used Goshute words as genus or species names, and in 1908, he published a list of anatomical terms and animal names in the Goshute language.
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA6268D01EFC2DF8C280D422C4" author="Chamberlin" box="[953,1170,1900,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1908) Animal names and anatomical terms of the Goshute Indians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 60, 74 - 103." type="journal article" year="1908">Chamberlin (1908)</bibRefCitation>
explained that
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFAD3F8C3812522C4" box="[1351,1379,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">na</emphasis>
as a prefix designates a support, instrument or means. An example he gives is
<emphasis id="0F9E73496268D01EFC7DF821800822E8" box="[1001,1102,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">na’dzi ta</emphasis>
, meaning a walking stick, or cane. While the connection with the millipede is unclear, we suspect that this is the source of the name, though the spelling “
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D86268D01EFE95F876851022B1" authorityName=", Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[257,342,2008,2033]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">nazinta</taxonomicName>
” does not appear in the 1908 publication.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6995FFD3626BD01DFF03FD26860627FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" targetBox="[340,1247,193,628]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626BD01DFF03FD26860627FD" blockId="2.[151,1435,648,701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFF03FD26857C27DE" bold="true" box="[151,314,648,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">FIGURES 1, 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626BD01DFED5FD27868727DF" authority="(Chamberlin, 1910)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[321,705,649,671]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFED5FD2785B527DF" box="[321,499,649,671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male.
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFEA8FD09852F27FD" bold="true" box="[316,361,679,701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Col,</emphasis>
collum;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFE57FD0685AD27FD" bold="true" box="[451,491,680,701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">lab,</emphasis>
labrum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6995FFD3626BD01DFF03F91E87AE2244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" targetBox="[340,1247,751,1691]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626BD01DFF03F91E87AE2244" blockId="2.[151,1436,1712,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFF03F91E857A2385" bold="true" box="[151,316,1712,1735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">FIGURES 3–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626BD01DFED0F91F868F2386" authority="(Chamberlin, 1910)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[324,713,1712,1734]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFED0F91F85B12386" box="[324,503,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3–5 of male.
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFEECF96185DB23A4" bold="true" box="[376,413,1743,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">cp3</emphasis>
, coxal processes of legs 3;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFD2FF961869523A4" bold="true" box="[699,723,1743,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">cx</emphasis>
, coxa;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFC8BF961876E23A5" bold="true" box="[799,808,1743,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">f</emphasis>
, femur;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFC15F96187E623A4" bold="true" box="[897,928,1743,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">ep,</emphasis>
epiproct or telson,
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFBFEF96180E723A4" bold="true" box="[1130,1185,1743,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">L3–5</emphasis>
, legs 3–5;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFA80F961817723A5" bold="true" box="[1300,1329,1743,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">pf,</emphasis>
prefemur;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFF03F94084862244" bold="true" box="[151,192,1774,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">pf3,</emphasis>
prefemur of leg 3;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFE10F94085D52243" bold="true" box="[388,403,1774,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">t,</emphasis>
tarsus;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFE76F94085B12244" bold="true" box="[482,503,1774,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">ti,</emphasis>
tibia; tr, trochanter;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFD5AF94087682243" bold="true" box="[718,814,1774,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">numbers</emphasis>
of diplosegments.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="75F0FCD0626BD01BFF53F885878A22F8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="description">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626BD01CFF53F885813A277C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1835,2004]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFF53F885869C2204" bold="true" box="[199,730,1835,1860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Description of male from Powell Butte Park:</emphasis>
Length, about
<quantity id="FA1202BE626BD01DFC17F88287922203" box="[899,980,1836,1860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, width about
<quantity id="FA1202BE626BD01DFBFFF88280852203" box="[1131,1219,1836,1860]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
. Color pale creamy tan, with mottled purplish highlights along crests and segment margins; legs mottled purple. Head (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626BD01DFB6FF8E181792228" box="[1275,1343,1871,1896]" captionStart="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,648,671]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1, 2. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910). Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male. Col, collum; lab, labrum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) robust, with central and posterior areas of nodular sculpture. Three to 5 poorly pigmented ocelli on each side. Antennae typical. Labrum (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFECDF839853822F0" bold="true" box="[345,382,1943,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">lab</emphasis>
) with slightly produced posteriolateral corners. Collum (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626BD01DFC6EF839805A22F0" bold="true" box="[1018,1052,1943,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">col</emphasis>
) and succeeding metazonites with 12 crests, the 6th (lateralmost) crest on collum about one-fourth length of 5th. Anterior region of collum set off by distinct depression, strongly rimmed anteriorly, with nodular sculpture (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFC5BFF39805125F0" box="[975,1047,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,648,671]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1, 2. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910). Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male. Col, collum; lab, labrum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847526/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). First to 4th metazonites broadly expanded ventrolaterally; first metazonite (collum) with ventrolaterally flared lateral margins, appearing as earflaps of an aviator hat. Crest 6 complete on metazonites posterior to collum, crests 2, 3 the largest, crest 1 lower, distinctly angled posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFE61FEAA8606245C" box="[501,576,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3 – 5 of male. cp 3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L 3 – 5, legs 3 – 5; pf, prefemur; pf 3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Between crests scattered nodules present; entire surface covered with cerotegument (secreted epicuticular waxy covering), including microscopic granules (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFBC0FE8980922400" box="[1108,1236,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
). Segmental setae (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFF0BFEE284A02424" box="[159,230,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) not visible using light microscopy, highly reduced (40–50 micrometers long) but still present; sockets short-tubular, setae ending in multiple teeth. Central posterior margin of metazonites with limbus consisting of 8– 12 rounded tabs (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFEF5FE3A85F024EC" box="[353,438,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Epiproct (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFDD4FE3A86C924EC" box="[576,655,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3 – 5 of male. cp 3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L 3 – 5, legs 3 – 5; pf, prefemur; pf 3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
[
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFD36FE3A86F824ED" bold="true" box="[674,702,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">ep</emphasis>
], 13) deeply trilobed, lacking crests, dense sculpture of distinct knobs densely covered by tiny granules. Legpair 1 (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFD74FE1987622490" box="[736,804,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3 – 5 of male. cp 3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L 3 – 5, legs 3 – 5; pf, prefemur; pf 3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) robust, prefemora (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFB99FE1980602490" bold="true" box="[1037,1062,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">pf</emphasis>
), tibiae (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFB19FE1980D82490" bold="true" box="[1165,1182,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">ti</emphasis>
), tarsi (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFB63FE1981462490" bold="true" box="[1271,1280,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">t</emphasis>
) set ventrally with long, needle-like setae (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFE7AFE72860024B4" box="[494,582,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Second leg trochanters bearing ventral knob. Third legpair with coxae modified (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFE98FE5185782758" bold="true" box="[268,318,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">cp3,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFED0FE5185C12758" box="[324,391,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3 – 5 of male. cp 3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L 3 – 5, legs 3 – 5; pf, prefemur; pf 3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), closely appressed in midline; telopodites reduced, prefemora (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFBCCFE5180C32758" bold="true" box="[1112,1157,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">pf3,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFB18FE5180882758" box="[1164,1230,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,751,1691]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3 – 5 of male. cp 3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L 3 – 5, legs 3 – 5; pf, prefemur; pf 3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847528/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with ventrodistal processes. Legpairs 4–7 incrassate, strongly flattened dorsoventrally, set with setae typical of
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626AD01CFB3BFD8A815F277D" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[1199,1305,548,573]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFB3BFD8A815F277D" box="[1199,1305,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Amplaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFABCFD8A812B277C" box="[1320,1389,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6995FFD3626AD01CFF03FA1B85102349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" targetBox="[340,1247,625,1440]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626AD01CFF03FA1B85102349" blockId="3.[151,1436,1461,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFF03FA1B857F208B" bold="true" box="[151,313,1461,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">FIGURES 6–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626AD01CFEABFA1886FD208C" authority="(Chamberlin, 1910)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[319,699,1462,1484]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFEABFA1885A9208C" box="[319,495,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626AD01CFF03F99E85C72205" blockId="3.[151,1436,1584,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFE88F99E85EF2309" box="[284,425,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 16. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites; tel, telopodite; sp, coxosternal process; st, sternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847534/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Figs. 14, 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFE2CF99F86442309" box="[440,514,1585,1609]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,668,691]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,647]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 18. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 17, tip of right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 18, tip of left gonopod, mesal view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847536/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">17, 18</figureCitation>
) with well-sclerotized colpocoxites (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFC38F99E87902309" bold="true" box="[940,982,1584,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">cpx</emphasis>
) laterally, bearing one large, one small tooth distally and small array of denticles. Anterior angiocoxites (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFC14F9FA87F0232D" bold="true" box="[896,950,1620,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">aacx</emphasis>
) closely appressed in midline, with simple termination and small lateral hook. Flagellocoxites (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFC8FF9D6876223D1" bold="true" box="[795,804,1656,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">f</emphasis>
) 4, sheathed by short anterior branch of posterior angiopocoxite (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFEDDF93285C723F5" bold="true" box="[329,385,1692,1717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">pacx</emphasis>
). Posterior branch of colpocoxite strongly arcuate, terminus resembling crested head of a bird.
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFF40F96C855B2399" box="[212,285,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">In situ</emphasis>
, gonopods lie in depression in coxosternum
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFCB5F96E870E2399" bold="true" box="[801,840,1728,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">(st)</emphasis>
of legpair 9 (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFC7CF96E807B2399" box="[1000,1085,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 16. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites; tel, telopodite; sp, coxosternal process; st, sternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847534/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), locked in position by singlearticled telopodites (
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFEE8F94A85DF23BD" bold="true" box="[380,409,1764,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">tel</emphasis>
); telopodites of legpair 9 with setae similar to those on walking legs but slightly modified in different regions (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFEFEF8A685992261" box="[362,479,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Figs. 6, 8</figureCitation>
). Coxal part of coxosternum with gland pores and posteriolaterally curved distal process (sp,
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFEB6F88285322205" box="[290,372,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,589,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 16. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites; tel, telopodite; sp, coxosternal process; st, sternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847534/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626AD01CFF53F8FE84B822CD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1584,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
Female (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626AD01CFEBBF8FE85312229" box="[303,375,1872,1897]" captionStart="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,648,671]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,193,628]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1, 2. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910). Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male. Col, collum; lab, labrum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847526/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): similar to male in nonsexual characters. Ventrolateral margin of metazonite 2 broadly enlarged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626AD01BFF53F83686F02490" blockId="3.[151,1436,1584,2005]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFF53F836853822F1" bold="true" box="[199,382,1944,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Notes. Habitat:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626AD01CFE12F836860D22F1" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[390,587,1944,1969]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFE12F836860D22F1" box="[390,587,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected on two forested, extinct cinder cones in the Boring Volcanic Field near Gresham, OR,
<collectingCountry id="45FDEFCB626AD01CFE23F81385B52295" box="[439,499,1981,2005]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626AD01CFE69F81286872295" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[509,705,1980,2005]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626AD01CFE69F81286872295" box="[509,705,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="236">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far been confirmed from only Powell Butte (45.488820, – 122.513119) and Towle Butte (45.467431, –122.449857), but it can likely also be found on any of the other, similar buttes in the Boring Volcanic Field. The forest habitat is representative of the Portland, OR region, comprising lowland mixed coniferous/deciduous forests, with a plant community similar to that of Forest Park to the west. Characteristic plant species of these forests are Douglas Fir (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFCFEFEAA816E245C" authority="(Mirb.) Franco" authorityName="(Mirb.) Franco" box="[874,1320,260,285]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFCFEFEAA802B245C" box="[874,1133,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Pseudotsuga menziesii</emphasis>
(Mirb.) Franco
</taxonomicName>
), Big-leaf Maple (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFF7AFE8686502400" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[238,534,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFF7AFE86858D2400" box="[238,459,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Acer macrophyllum</emphasis>
Pursh
</taxonomicName>
), Red Alder (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFD38FE8987C72400" authority="Bong." authorityName="Bong." box="[684,897,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFD38FE8987752400" box="[684,819,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Alnus rubra</emphasis>
Bong.
</taxonomicName>
), Western Red Cedar (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFBE9FE89848D2424" authority="Donn ex D. Don" authorityName="Donn ex D. Don" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFBE9FE8981522400" box="[1149,1300,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Thuja plicata</emphasis>
Donn ex D. Don
</taxonomicName>
), Vine Maple (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFE19FEE286D92425" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[397,671,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="circinatum">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFE19FEE2860D2424" box="[397,587,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Acer circinatum</emphasis>
Pursh
</taxonomicName>
), Red Elderberry (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFC1EFEE280B22425" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[906,1268,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Sambucus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFC1EFEE2803F2424" box="[906,1145,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Sambucus racemosa</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
), Huckleberry (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFF34FEDF85CB24C8" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[160,397,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFF34FEDF855324C8" box="[160,277,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Vaccinium</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
), Western Sword-fern (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFD30FEC1803524C8" authority="(Kaulf.) C. Presl" authorityName="(Kaulf.) C. Presl" box="[676,1139,367,392]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="munitum">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFD30FEC187DB24C8" box="[676,925,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Polystichum munitum</emphasis>
(Kaulf.) C. Presl
</taxonomicName>
), Stinging Nettle (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFAC7FEDF851524ED" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFAC7FEDF849B24ED" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Urtica dioica</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626DD01BFEFFFE3A85F924EC" box="[363,447,404,428]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Grape (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFDB7FE3A87F524EC" authority="(Pursh) Nutt." authorityName="(Pursh) Nutt." box="[547,947,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Mahonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquifolium">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFDB7FE3A874B24ED" box="[547,781,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Mahonia aquifolium</emphasis>
(Pursh) Nutt.
</taxonomicName>
), Bedstraw (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFBDEFE3A80D824ED" box="[1098,1182,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Galium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFBDEFE3A80D824ED" box="[1098,1182,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Galium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), and Fringe Cup (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFF34FE1986EC2490" authority="(Pursh) Douglas ex Lindl." authorityName="(Pursh) Douglas ex Lindl." box="[160,682,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Tellima" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFF34FE19853D2490" box="[160,379,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Tellima grandiflora</emphasis>
(Pursh) Douglas ex Lindl.
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6995FFD3626DD01BFF03FB13858B2070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" targetBox="[340,1247,517,1192]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626DD01BFF03FB13858B2070" blockId="4.[151,1436,1213,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFF03FB1385122193" bold="true" box="[151,340,1213,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">FIGURES 10–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFECFFB10869D2193" authority="(Chamberlin, 1910)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[347,731,1213,1235]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFECFFB10864A2193" box="[347,524,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct.
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFBEEFB5580DF2050" bold="true" box="[1146,1177,1275,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">29,</emphasis>
segment 29;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFAB7FB5581712050" bold="true" box="[1315,1335,1275,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">n,</emphasis>
intercrest nodules;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFF67FAB4854A206F" bold="true" box="[243,268,1306,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">pc</emphasis>
; paramedian crest.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626DD01BFF53FAF2874D20A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1372,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
The soil type at the Powell Butte collection locality is Quatama loam, and the slope is 15–30% (on a slope of a seasonal creek gully, USDA Web Soil Survey). The soil type at the Towle Butte collection locality is Cascade silt loam, and the slope of the land is 30–60% (USDA Web Soil Survey). The underlying lava flow has weathered to create a
<quantity id="FA1202BE626DD01BFF60FA66852320A0" box="[244,357,1480,1505]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4.5 m</quantity>
layer of red clay soil (
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626DD01BFDF4FA6686B920A1" author="Trimble" box="[608,767,1480,1505]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" refString="Trimble, D. E. (1963) Geology of Portland, Oregon and adjacent areas: A study of tertiary and quaternary deposits, lateritic weathering profiles, and of quaternary history of part of the Pacific Northwest. Geological Survey Bulletin 1119. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 119 pp." type="book" year="1963">Trimble 1963</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626DD01BFF53FA4285BE230D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1372,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
All specimens were found under fallen Big-leaf Maple (
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFCD5FA4380212345" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[833,1127,1516,1541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFCD5FA4380582345" box="[833,1054,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Acer macrophyllum</emphasis>
Pursh
</taxonomicName>
) branches that averaged
<quantity id="FA1202BE626DD01BFA14FA4285532368" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="87.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="75.0">75 to 100 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Common co-inhabitants of this micro-habitat include isopods, lancetooth snails, beetles, ants, springtails, and soil mites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626DD01BFF53F9F2878A22F8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1372,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
Most often,
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFEC9F9F285912333" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[349,471,1628,1651]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFEC9F9F285912333" box="[349,471,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">A. nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred as small, localized groups of individuals. Within a 12-m2 area, seven individuals (four males, three females) were found on Towle Butte. The only two Powell Butte collections known were made within ca. 15 meters of each other, although the entire gully and the adjacent ridge were also searched. This clumped distribution could be explained by a life history where the millipedes remain relatively sedentary during initial development and throughout the relatively drier summer, and then disperse when individuals are closer to maturity later in the year, when the temperature cools and rain starts falling more consistently. The patchy distribution may also be a result of scattered Big-leaf maples, upon which
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFC4CF89A800D220B" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[984,1099,1844,1867]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFC4CF89A800D220B" box="[984,1099,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">A. nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may feed. On
<date id="4954899B626DD01BFB64F89D81DE220C" box="[1264,1432,1843,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" value="2017-04-09">9th April 2017</date>
, an adult male was found in the company of two juveniles, so breeding may occur in late winter to early spring, the time period in which adult male specimens have been recorded. The presence of mid-instar juveniles and mature males at the same time may indicate a two-year or multi-year life history.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75F0FCD0626DD019FF53F86D876F2313" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626DD01AFF53F86D872224C7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1372,2012]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFF53F86D8526229C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1987,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626DD01BFEFCF86D866A229B" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[360,556,1987,2012]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626DD01BFEFCF86D866A229B" box="[360,556,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="237">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the northernmost of the described species of the genus; others are from the San Francisco Bay region, the Sierra
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFDABFF3986D325F0" box="[575,661,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Nevada</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFD29FF39876825F0" box="[701,814,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">California</collectingRegion>
and caves in Shasta Co.,
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFBC7FF39808325F0" box="[1107,1221,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">California</collectingRegion>
[
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626CD01AFB42FF39850C2595" authority="(Causey, 1958)" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1958" baseAuthorityName="Causey" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shastae">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFB42FF3981DA25F0" box="[1238,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Amplaria shastae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626CD01AFF0AFF1285072595" author="Causey" box="[158,321,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" refString="Causey, N. B. (1958) New records and descriptions of a new genus and species of millipeds of the family Striariidae (Chordeumida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 71, 179 - 184." type="journal article" year="1958">Causey, 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
], so a considerable gap including most of southern
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFC2DFF12804B2594" box="[953,1037,188,212]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Oregon</collectingRegion>
seems to intervene. However, an undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626CD01AFE36FF71864A25B8" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[418,524,223,248]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFE36FF71864A25B8" box="[418,524,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Amplaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Humboldt and Mendocino Counties,
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFC6BFF71803225B8" box="[1023,1140,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">California</collectingRegion>
; and a second from Linn, Morrow and Tillamook Counties,
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFD8FFEAA8634245C" box="[539,626,260,284]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Oregon</collectingRegion>
, bridge this geographic gap, and further undescribed species have been collected in
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFEB4FE8985E32400" box="[288,421,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Washington</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFE49FE8986662400" box="[477,544,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Idaho</collectingRegion>
. The southernmost named species is
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626CD01AFC54FE86815E2400" authority="Shear &amp; Krejca, 2007" authorityName="Shear &amp; Krejca" authorityYear="2007" box="[960,1304,295,320]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFC54FE86805A2400" box="[960,1052,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">A. muiri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626CD01AFBB7FE89815E2400" author="Shear" box="[1059,1304,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" refString="Shear, W. A. &amp; Krejca, J. K. (2007) Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Zootaxa, 1532, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear &amp; Krejca, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from caves in Tulare Co.,
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626CD01AFEA8FEE285F72425" box="[316,433,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">California</collectingRegion>
, and an undescribed species has been collected from Mt. Palomar, San Diego Co. These new species will be named and described in a subsequent paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626CD01AFF53FE3A87A32757" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFF53FE3A866124ED" bold="true" box="[199,551,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Morphology and systematics.</emphasis>
Among the many peculiarities of striariids among chordeumatidan millipedes are their unusually heavy sclerotization, cerotegument, hood-like collum, unique ridged tergal sculpture, and the remarkable array of specialized setae on the appendages, as well as a reduction in many taxa of the characteristic chordeumatidan metatergal setae to very small, unusually shaped remnants.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6995FFD3626CD01AFF03F8D98705228B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847534/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" targetBox="[340,1247,589,1891]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626CD01AFF03F8D98705228B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1911,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFF03F8D9851122CD" bold="true" box="[151,343,1911,1934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">FIGURES 14–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626CD01AFEF4F8D686AE22CE" authority="(Chamberlin, 1910)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[352,744,1912,1934]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFEF4F8D685F922CD" box="[352,447,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Amplaria</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFE5DF8D7865222CE" box="[457,532,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">nazinta</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view.
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFDE8F83986FC22EC" bold="true" box="[636,698,1943,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Aacx,</emphasis>
anterior angiocoxite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFC37F839879A22EC" bold="true" box="[931,988,1943,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">pacx,</emphasis>
posterior angiocoxite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFB44F83980BA22EC" bold="true" box="[1232,1276,1943,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">cpx,</emphasis>
colpocoxite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFA19F83981DA22ED" bold="true" box="[1421,1436,1943,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">f,</emphasis>
flagellocoxites;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFEADF818851C228B" bold="true" box="[313,346,1974,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">tel,</emphasis>
telopodite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFE47F81885AD228B" bold="true" box="[467,491,1974,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">sp</emphasis>
, coxosternal process;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626CD01AFD58F8188698228B" bold="true" box="[716,734,1974,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">st</emphasis>
, sternum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6995FFD3626FD019FF03FD3281662791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847536/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" targetBox="[340,1247,193,647]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626FD019FF03FD3281662791" blockId="6.[151,1436,668,721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FF03FD32851327F2" bold="true" box="[151,341,668,691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">FIGURES 17–18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FEC9FD3386A627F3" authority="(Chamberlin, 1910)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[349,736,669,691]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FEC9FD33864927F3" box="[349,527,669,691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Amplaria nazinta</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
male. Fig. 17, tip of right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 18, tip of left gonopod, mesal view.
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FEEEFD1585F12790" bold="true" box="[378,439,699,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Aacx,</emphasis>
anterior angiocoxite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FD01FD1286882791" bold="true" box="[661,718,700,721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">pacx,</emphasis>
posterior angiocoxite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FC2DFD1287A32791" bold="true" box="[953,997,700,721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">cpx,</emphasis>
colpocoxite;
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FBFBFD1580382791" bold="true" box="[1135,1150,699,721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">f,</emphasis>
flagellocoxites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626FD019FF53FD50860D211A" blockId="6.[151,1437,766,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">
The heavy cuticle, broad collum and tergal ridges may be associated with life in the soil, as adaptations to resist crushing forces as the animals push their way among soil particles. When disturbed, the millipedes roll into a disc with the head concealed and the heavy cuticle may also be an adaptation to protect against predation. The cerotegument could be an adaptation to, in the case of all western North American species, seasonal drought. The eastern species are often found in habitats generally considered too dry for most millipedes, which lack a waxy epicuticle. The cerotegument of the legs and pleurotergites seems to consist not only of a layer of wax, but also of tiny granules. Where the cerotegument has been scraped away, the underlying cuticle appears very smooth, with scattered nodules each bearing a pair of acute projections (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626FD019FCB9FC5487392153" box="[813,895,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). At very high magnification (&gt;3000X), a small pore can be made out between these projections, and this may be the source of the cerotegument itself; between the nodules there are no discernable pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626FD019FF53FBC980D0204F" blockId="6.[151,1437,766,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">
To our knowledge, the limbus illustrated here is the first found in the order
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FB9DFBC880FC213F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1847" box="[1033,1210,1126,1151]" class="Diplopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Chordeumatida</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626FD019FB50FBC88134213F" author="Schmidt" box="[1220,1394,1126,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" refString="Schmidt, D. (1962) Uber die taxionomische Wertikeit von Strukturen des Metazonit-Hinterrandes bei Diplopoden. Senckenbergiana biologia, 43, 65 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">Schmidt (1962)</bibRefCitation>
did not find a limbus in three European chordeumatidan species she examined, but of course many more species remain unstudied. The elaborately specialized setae on the legs often have their details obscured by the cerotegument; some of them occur only in the males and may have a role in detecting and identifying females; this may be the case in the long, rigid, needle-like setae found only on the first legs of the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D55AF5B626FD019FF53FAB4876F2313" blockId="6.[151,1437,766,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626FD019FF53FAB485A32073" author="Shear" box="[199,485,1306,1331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" refString="Shear, W. A. &amp; Krejca, J. K. (2007) Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Zootaxa, 1532, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear and Krejca (2007)</bibRefCitation>
provided detailed descriptions and illustrations of two species,
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FB45FAB5856A2017" authority="Shear &amp; Krejca, 2007" authorityName="Shear &amp; Krejca" authorityYear="2007" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FB45FAB581772072" box="[1233,1329,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">A. muiri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626FD019FAA8FAB4856A2017" author="Shear" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" refString="Shear, W. A. &amp; Krejca, J. K. (2007) Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Zootaxa, 1532, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear &amp; Krejca, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FEF8FA9186B42017" authority="Shear &amp; Krejca, 2007" authorityName="Shear &amp; Krejca" authorityYear="2007" box="[364,754,1342,1367]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsi">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FEF8FA9185A62017" box="[364,480,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">A. adamsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626FD019FE78FA9086B42017" author="Shear" box="[492,754,1342,1367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" refString="Shear, W. A. &amp; Krejca, J. K. (2007) Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Zootaxa, 1532, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear &amp; Krejca, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Both of these species inhabit Sierra
<collectingRegion id="FF2E61B9626FD019FB3BFA9081432017" box="[1199,1285,1342,1367]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Nevada</collectingRegion>
caves at the southern end of the known range of the genus and differ from
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FCCEFACD878B203A" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[858,973,1379,1402]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FCCEFACD878B203A" box="[858,973,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">A. nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several respects. The setae of the first legs of males, while modified, are dissimilar to those of
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FC89FA2987D720DE" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[797,913,1415,1438]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FC89FA2987D720DE" box="[797,913,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">A. nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FC37FA2887F920DE" box="[931,959,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">cf.</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626FD019FC53FA28804C20DF" box="[967,1034,1414,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,625,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847530/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">
Fig.
<quantity id="FA1202BE626FD019FC68FA28804C20DF" box="[1020,1034,1414,1439]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" unit="in" value="6.0">6</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="597BD2AA626FD019FBA5FA28816120DF" author="Shear" box="[1073,1319,1414,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" refString="Shear, W. A. &amp; Krejca, J. K. (2007) Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Zootaxa, 1532, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear &amp; Krejca 2007</bibRefCitation>
), the third coxae are differently modified, the spines at the corners of the mentum are long and sigmoid and the telopodites of the ninth leg of the two Sierra species do not have a long distal process. These species also have obvious, easily seen segmental setae, especially on the anterior segments. The setae on the legs of
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FBD7FA5D80F0234A" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1091,1206,1523,1546]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FBD7FA5D80F0234A" box="[1091,1206,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">A. nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those of the two Sierra species in having a dorsal crest of filaments (
<figureCitation id="A5D1B3DE626FD019FCFAF9B88781236F" box="[878,967,1558,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,517,1192]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847532/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, the conformation of the gonopods establishes
<taxonomicName id="FAEAD4D8626FD019FE1FF99585BB2312" authorityName="" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[395,509,1595,1618]" class="Diplopoda" family="Striariidae" genus="Amplaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazinta">
<emphasis id="0F9E7349626FD019FE1FF99585BB2312" box="[395,509,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">A. nazinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a member of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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