488 lines
55 KiB
XML
488 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.435.7271" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b6967cf-8b27-4284-9461-0bcb57ce8974" ID-PMC="PMC4141188" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-435-93" ID-PubMed="25152688" ID-ZBK="9C499399E2364886BC5AAB9C8799066C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-435-93" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 435" ModsDocTitle="The description of a new species of the Neotropical land crab genus Gecarcinus Leach, 1814 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinidae)" checkinTime="1451245482337" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perger, Robert & Wall, Adam" docDate="2014" docId="901D94E47C8F412D86FB8BF4F1502B3E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 435: 93-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 435" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.435.7271" docTitle="Gecarcinus nobilii Perger & Wall, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F3BA2617-49DF-4C26-ACB5-5407122301FF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FFA6FF92FFCCFFF9FFFFB33BFFDFE25A" masterDocTitle="The description of a new species of the Neotropical land crab genus Gecarcinus Leach, 1814 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1668159175273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The description of a new species of the Neotropical land crab genus Gecarcinus Leach, 1814 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Perger, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Wall, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>435</mods:number>
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<mods:start>93</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.435.7271</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.435.7271</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-435-93</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055132" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F3BA2617-49DF-4C26-ACB5-5407122301FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/901D94E47C8F412D86FB8BF4F1502B3E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Taxon classification Animalia Decapoda Gecarcinidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F3BA2617-49DF-4C26-ACB5-5407122301FF" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="96">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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; 3; 4; 5D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus ruricola" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">Gecarcinus ruricola</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Nobili, G" journalOrPublisher="Torino" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 58" title="Decapodi e Stomatopodi. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella Repubblica dell'Ecuador e regioni vicine. 23." volumeTitle="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia comparata" year="1901">Nobili 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 46.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus (Gecarcinus) lateralis subsp. quadratus" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lateralis" subGenus="Gecarcinus" subSpecies="quadratus">Gecarcinus (Gecarcinus) lateralis quadratus</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana biologica" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="333 - 354" title="Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang ueber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda)." volume="51" year="1970">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
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1970
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 338. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Prahl, H" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="149 - 168" title="Cangrejos Gecarcinidos (Crustacea: Gecarcinidae) de Colombia." volume="14" year="1984">Prahl and Manjarres 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 155.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="143 - 150" title="Landkrabben." volume="117" year="1987">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
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1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 147, fig. 7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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Holotype: male, carapace width (CW) 31 mm, Ecuador, Punta Galera,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8333333">0°50'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-80.1">80°6'W</geoCoordinate>
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, shore, collected near a pile of fairly fresh cow manure, Te Vega Expeditions, Sta. NO. XVIII-6, 22 April 1968. Coll. E. Ball (LACM CR 1968-477). Paratypes: 1 male, CW 26 mm, same location data as holotype (LACM CR 1968-478); 1 female, Ecuador, St. Elena (MNHN- B12314); 3 females, CW 28, 23, 23.5 mm, Ecuador, Esmeraldas (NHMB-NMB1010b). (Note: The female paratype (MNHN-B12314) (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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) of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. was labeled as "Gecarcinus festae Nobili/(co-type)/St. Helena/Festa/Museum Paris/Ecuador/Nobili 1901" without information about the label author. Nobili never published a description of a species by this name. In 1901 he described
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesarma festae" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festae">Sesarma festae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ocypodidae" genus="Uca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uca festae" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festae">Uca festae</taxonomicName>
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and in the same contribution referred to specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
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collected in Ecuador as
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus ruricola" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">Gecarcinus ruricola</taxonomicName>
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, which is restricted to West Atlantic Islands (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana biologica" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="333 - 354" title="Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang ueber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda)." volume="51" year="1970">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
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1970
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bright, DB" journalOrPublisher="Los Angeles County Natural History Museum, Contributions in Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 58" title="A Synopsis of the burrowing land crabs of the world and list of their symbionts and burrow associates." volume="220" year="1972">Bright and Hogue 1972</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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Additionally, high resolution photographs of 14 captive individuals with unknown origin and 17 individuals taken at the following locations (confirmed by the photographers): Gorgona Island (Colombia) (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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), Chucheros Beach (Buenaventura, Colombia) (Fig. 4D), Canangucho Forest Reserve (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuquí">Nuqui</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
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, Colombia) (Fig. 4E), Ayampe (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
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, Ecuador) (Fig. 4F), and Isla de la Plata (Ecuador), were examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="comparative material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Comparative material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="97" start="start">Gecarcinus</pageBreakToken>
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lateralis
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</taxonomicName>
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(Freminville, 1835): lectotype male, CW 47.2 mm, Guadeloupe, M. Beaupertius leg. (MNHN-3758). Paralectotypes: 1 male, CW 50 mm, Guadeloupe, M. Beaupertius leg. (MNHN-3757); 1 female, CW 28 mm, same data as preceding specimen. 1 male, CW 32 mm, Martinique, M. Bellanger leg. (MNHN-3756); 1 female, CW 37 mm, Martinique, Bellanger leg., 24.09.1964 (MNHN-3755).
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus quadratus" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">Gecarcinus quadratus</taxonomicName>
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Saussure, 1853: syntype male, CW 39.7 mm, Mexico, Mazatlan (ANSP-CA3741). Pacific
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
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(sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="969 - 980" title="Bemerkungen zu einigen Landkrabben." volume="142" year="1973">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
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1973
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</bibRefCitation>
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): 1 male, Mexico, Sinaloa, Estero el Verde (MNHN-B20900). 1 male, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Playa del Coco, 5.8.1967, W. McCaul leg. (MZUCR13-01). 1 male, 1 female, Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, 4.2.1995, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MZUCR-2016). 1 male, Panama, Canas Island, Los Santos, Turtle Hatchery on S Beach, J. Frazier leg. (USNM-190711). Additional comparative material is cited in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="derivation of specific epithet">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Derivation of specific epithet.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">The species is named in honor of Giuseppe Nobili, who provided important contributions on the knowledge of crustaceans and built the crustacean collection in the Turin Museum (Italy). The species name is a noun in the genitive case.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Frontal width distinctly wider than the distance between the mesial ends of the suborbital cristae (Figs 2C; 3B, E). Width of mesial lobe of infraorbital margin at point of contact with carapace front longer than shortest distance between carapace front and mesial end of suborbital crista (Figs 2C; 3B, E). Light lateral margin on dorsal carapace without lighter anterolateral and posterior patches (Figs 4C; 5D); cheliped carpus and palm homogeneously red or white (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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Carapace transversely ovate, widest in anterior half, dorsal surface smooth. Cardiac, gastric and branchial chambers moderately swollen (Fig. 3B, E). Median groove distinct, cervical and urogastric grooves weakly developed; three relatively small pits anterior (close to orbit), median and posterior of cervical groove, one in urogastric groove (Fig. 3A). Supraorbital margin gently sinuous, with small granules, confluent with anterolateral margin; exorbital tooth weakly developed, tip not over-reaching orbit (Fig. 3B, D, E); granules along anterolateral and orbital margins weakly developed. Eyes well developed, filling orbital cavity; eyestalks short
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="98" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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Fig. 3B, E). Carapace front distinctly wider than the distance between mesial ends of the suborbital cristae (Figs 2C; 3B, E), deflexed downwards, concealing basal segments of antennules. Width of mesial lobe of infraorbital margin at point of contact with carapace front longer than shortest distance between carapace front and mesial end of suborbital crista (Figs 2C; 3B, D; 4H). Suborbital, pterygostomial regions sparsely granular laterally. Subhepatic region with rounded postero-lateral margins, with rows of small granules. Epistom linear, sunken.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Third maxilliped merus and outer ventral orbital border furnished with long setae (Fig. 3D); third maxilliped merus enlarged, reaching mesial border of suborbital crista, triangular, apex straight or moderately convex (Figs 3B, 4I); exopodit short, not protruding beyond third maxilliped ischium-merus joint, without flagellum; palpus concealed by external border of third maxilliped merus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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Chelipeds subequal; in large males larger with respect to the carapace width, surfaces relatively smooth, weakly granulate. Merus with transversal rows of small tubercles; dorsal margin rugose or with moderately developed, obtuse granules; ventral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="99" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
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lined with weakly developed granules, otherwise smooth. Carpus with 2-5 well developed triangular inner subdistal tooth (Fig. 3A, B, E). Merus and carpus margins smooth in large individuals. Chela large, length not exceeding carapace width, surfaces smooth; lower margin gently sinuous. Fingers slightly shorter or as long as palm, tapering, gently curved, drop-shaped in cross-section, proximal half with irregular arranged pores and low, pectinated teeth; teeth on distal portion of finger arranged on well defined, subparallel longitudinal ridges, longitudinally separated by grooves with pores. Cutting margins with distinct triangular teeth along length; fingers without or with small gap between them when closed, ending in sharp, pectinated tips.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
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Ambulatory legs with second pair longest, last pair shortest; surfaces smooth to slightly rugose. Merus dorso-laterally flattened, cross-section triangular, stout; with transversal rows of small tubercles, dorsal margin distinct, granulated, with separate, short setae. Carpus stout, subtriangular in cross-section; dorsal surface with three carinae, median carina distinct, serrated or granular; dorso-lateral carinae weakly developed or absent; margins and carinae lined with separate, short setae. Propodus sub
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="start">rectangular</pageBreakToken>
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in cross-section; lateral margins subparallel, lined with low, obtuse spines and separate, short setae (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Dactylus elongate, styliform, gently curving, subquadrate in cross-section, margins lined with distinct spines and separate, short setae; apical half of spines and dactylus tip corneous; lateral carina of dactylus weakly developed or absent (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Male abdomen relatively broad (Fig. 3C), all abdominal somites and telson distinct, freely articulating. Somite 1 filling space between last pair of ambulatory legs, longitudinally very narrow. Shape of somite 2 similar to somite 1 but narrower. Somites 3-5 increasingly trapezoidal in shape, lateral margins relatively straight. Somite 6 longest, longer than telson, distinctly wider than long, with lateral margin strongly convex. Telson sub-triangular, narrowest abdominal segment; as long as wide, lateral margins gently concave to almost straight, tip rounded (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">First male gonopod with basal and terminal segment (Fig. 2E). Basal segment stout, straight, with digiform projection on distomesial end, projection directed in same manner with distal segment, fringed with long setae. Terminal segment about one-third of first gonopod (when seen from lateral view, Fig. 2E), folded longitudinally, compressed dorsoventrally, tapering and curved distally, slightly projecting over distal setae, laterally with narrow, longitudinal furrow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Sex independent color dimorphism: red and white males and females (Fig. 4). Both forms with dark median pattern and contrasting light lateral margin on dorsal carapace without lighter anterior and posterior patches (Fig. 5D), margin of same color as lateral carapace; dark dorsal carapace pattern with pointed anterolateral edges anteriorly reaching the orbits (Fig. 5D). Mesial lobe of infraorbital margin mostly grey (Fig. 4). Red form with red lateral margin on dorsal carapace. Carapace pits white to orange. Legs and chelipeds uniformly red, inner sides of fingers cream to white, margin of the third maxilliped merus, coxa, basis and ischium of chelipeds and ambulatory legs whitish. In white form, lateral margin on dorsal carapace orange/white or completely white. Ventral carapace and chelipeds white, legs and carapace pits light orange to white (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="101" start="start">Geographic</pageBreakToken>
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distribution.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is currently known to occur from Punta Galera and St. Elena (Ecuador). It is also documented in photographs taken at Gorgona Island (Colombia) (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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), Chucheros Beach (Buenaventura, Colombia) (Fig. 4D), Canangucho Forest Reserve (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuquí">Nuqui</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
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, Colombia) (Fig. 4E), Ayampe (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
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, Ecuador) (Fig. 4F), and Isla de la Plata (Ecuador). Individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
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previously reported from Peru (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana biologica" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="333 - 354" title="Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang ueber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda)." volume="51" year="1970">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1970
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may also refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Available data and the photographs found during the Internet search suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. replaces Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
between the Darien province (Panama) and the Choco dept. (Colombia). In addition to the individuals of Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
found during fieldwork (Table 1), the Internet search revealed numerous photographs of Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Central America. However, there are no photographs of Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from within the distributional area of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
||
The resemblance of the general habitus, the shape and the surface structure of carapace, chelipeds, ambulatory legs (Figs 3; 6-8) and the first male gonopod (Fig. 2E, F) indicate a close relationship between all mainland
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="102" start="start">Gecarcinus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations. However, the trans-isthmian populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by having a carapace front approximately as wide as the distance between the mesial ends of the suborbital cristae, and the width of the mesial lobe of the infraorbital margin at the point of contact with the carapace front is shorter than the shortest distance between the carapace front and the mesial end of the suborbital crista (Figs 2B; 6B, E; 7A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Freminville, 1835) (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="969 - 980" title="Bemerkungen zu einigen Landkrabben." volume="142" year="1973">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), frontal and lateral views, color in life, in hard-shell condition. Atlantic coast: Costa Rica, Puerto Viejo: A male, carapace width (CW) 44 mm B, C male, CW 29 mm D female with contrasting dorso- and ventrolateral color, CW 32 mm. Pacific coast: Costa Rica, Playa Hermosa: E male, CW 58 mm F male, CW 38 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Freminville, 1835) (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="969 - 980" title="Bemerkungen zu einigen Landkrabben." volume="142" year="1973">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), dorsal view, color in life, in hard-shell condition. Atlantic coast, Costa Rica, Puerto Viejo, showing the forms limiting the range of color variability: A male, carapace width (CW) 39 mm B male, CW 29 mm C female, CW 32 mm D male, CW 44 mm E male, CW 47 mm F female, CW 33 mm. Pacific coast: Costa Rica, Playa Hermosa: G male, CW 58 mm H male, CW 38 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
A character commonly used to distinguish between species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Gecarcinidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the shape of the third maxilliped merus margin (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 461" title="The grapsoid crabs of America." volume="97" year="1918">Rathbun 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana biologica" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="333 - 354" title="Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang ueber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda)." volume="51" year="1970">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1970
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 68" title="Johngarthia cocoensis, a new species of Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica." volume="2911" year="2011">Perger et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 461" title="The grapsoid crabs of America." volume="97" year="1918">Rathbun (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the Atlantic population of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an emarginated margin and the Pacific population a continuous margin. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bott, R von" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergia biologica" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="351 - 352" title="Dekapoden (Crustacea) aus El Salvador. 2. Litorale dekapoden ausser Uca." volume="35" year="1955">Bott (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana biologica" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="333 - 354" title="Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang ueber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda)." volume="51" year="1970">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1970
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="969 - 980" title="Bemerkungen zu einigen Landkrabben." volume="142" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) recognized the presence of both character states in trans-isthmian populations from Central America, South America and the Antilles, which we also observed in our sample from Central America. In contrast, all examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. have a relatively continuous third maxilliped margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
In addition to observed differences in morphological structures, the body color of Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="969 - 980" title="Bemerkungen zu einigen Landkrabben." volume="142" year="1973">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in the following manner: Dorsal carapace without light lateral margin (Fig. 5A), dark dorsal carapace pattern extending laterally over anterolateral carapace border (Fig. 7E, F); orange patch at anterolateral and posterior carapace border (Figs 5A; 8G, H). Cheliped carpus and palm violet, rarely purplish (Fig. 8G, H). Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by following color differences: Light lateral margin on dorsal carapace with lighter (yellow to orange) patch at anterolateral and posterior carapace border (Figs 5B; 8A, B) or margin and anterolateral patch absent (Figs 5C; 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Ventrolateral carapace color heterogeneous (Fig. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Cheliped carpus and palm heterogeneously purple, red, orange and/or whitish (Fig. 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="103" start="start">Apart</pageBreakToken>
|
||
from the consistent color differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and the other mainland populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which provided the starting point for this contribution, the color differences between the trans-isthmian populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 2; Figs 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 7; 8) also drew our attention. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bright, DB" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="183 - 203" title="The land crabs of Costa Rica." volume="14" year="1966">Bright (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pacific coast of Central America has a brownish-red carapace and chelipeds with a purple tinge, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic coast of Central America has a dark red carapace pattern and reddish-gray chelipeds.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chace, FJR" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 258" title="The freshwater and terrestrial decapod crustaceans of the West Indies with special reference to Dominica." url="10.5479/si.03629236.292.1" volume="292" year="1969">Chace and Hobbs (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the first color description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the West Indies, which widely agreed with the brief description of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Pacific coast of Central America by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bright, DB" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="183 - 203" title="The land crabs of Costa Rica." volume="14" year="1966">Bright (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 29" title="Morphological and physiological aspects of coloration in the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville, 1835)." volume="2936" year="1989">Martinez and Bliss (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later described and illustrated the color of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bermuda and Bimini Islands in detail. The authors observed a remarkable variability in color and even color changes in single individuals, leaving open the possibility that Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
might also approach the range of variability observed in Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Table 2. Comparison of color in life for mainland
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (carapace width of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Freminville, 1835) (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="969 - 980" title="Bemerkungen zu einigen Landkrabben." volume="142" year="1973">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) 20-66 mm); (IOM) mesial lobe of infraorbital margin; (SUB) suborbital crista; (ACB) anterolateral carapace border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<table pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 362)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">
|
||
Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 316)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (n = 19)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Color polymorphism</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Light lateral margin on dorsal carapace</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Orange patch at anterolateral carapace border</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Patch at posterior lateral urogastric groove</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Ventro-lateral carapace color</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Cheliped palm color</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Cheliped dactylus color</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">IOM color</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="11" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="104" start="start">While</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the color of examined
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="105" start="start">Gecarcinus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
lateralis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic coast (n= 362) varied within the range described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 29" title="Morphological and physiological aspects of coloration in the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville, 1835)." volume="2936" year="1989">Martinez and Bliss (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see Fig. 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
), the color of individuals of Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in this study (n= 316) showed little variation (Fig. 8G, H) and did not approach the range of variability found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic coast of Central America (Table 2) and Bermuda and Bimini Islands (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 29" title="Morphological and physiological aspects of coloration in the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville, 1835)." volume="2936" year="1989">Martinez and Bliss 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In a sample totaling 678 individuals, only a single female from the Atlantic coast (Fig. 7D) did not clearly match with each of the color characters attributed to either the Atlantic and Pacific population (Table 2). This individual had a dark dorsal carapace color expanding laterally over the dorsolateral carapace border and sharply contrasting with the ventrolateral carapace color. However, the remaining characters (Table 2) agreed with the other individuals of Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within several groups of decapod crustaceans, color and color pattern reliably distinguish a number of species that differ little in morphology (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bruce, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Endeavour" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="23 - 27" title="Coral reef shrimps and their colour patterns." url="10.1016/0160-9327(75)90064-2" volume="34" year="1975">Bruce 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Knowlton, N" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Crustacean Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination="356 - 363" title="Cryptic and sibling species among the decapod Crustacea." volume="6" year="1986">Knowlton 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Color pattern-level and genetic differentiation between cryptic species has been observed in hermit crabs (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Malay, MCD" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="634 - 662" title="Peripatric speciation drives diversification and distribution patterns of reef hermit crabs (Decapoda: Diogenidae: Calcinus)." url="10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00848.x" volume="64" year="2009">Malay and Paulay 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), spiny lobsters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ravago, RG" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1047 - 1059" title="Phylogenetic position of the striped-legged forms of Panulirus longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) (Decapoda, Palinuridae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences." url="10.1163/156854002763270455" volume="75" year="2003">Ravago and Juinio-Menez 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), porcelain crabs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hiller, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" pagination=": 547" title="The Petrolisthes galathinus complex: species boundaries based on color pattern, morphology and molecules, and evolutionary interrelationships between this complex and other Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.030" volume="40" year="2006">Hiller et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Gecarcinidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Discoplax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discoplax" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discoplax</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ng, PKL" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="89 - 100" title="The Blue Crab of Christmas Island, Discoplax celeste, new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae)." volume="60" year="2012">Ng and Davie 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Studies of genetic divergence and reproductive isolation are needed to evaluate whether
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus quadratus" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">Gecarcinus quadratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be retained as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or alternatively, the trans-isthmian populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent allopatric sister species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="105" type="evolutionary relationships">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">Evolutionary relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">
|
||
When we consider the closure of the Panamanian Isthmus as a calibration point for morphological divergence between the trans-isthmian populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the virtual lack of morphological differentiation (other than color) between them and the distinctness of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. evolved from a common ancestor before the Isthmus closed. The common ancestor of the trans-isthmian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus lateralis" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Gecarcinus lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have been restricted to North America and/or the emerging Isthmus, which is assumed to have been a peninsula of North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirby, MX" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" title="Lower Miocene Stratigraphy along the Panama Canal and Its Bearing on the Central American Peninsula." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0002791" volume="3" year="2008">Kirby et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. to South America. Nevertheless, the distribution of the gecarcinid
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Johngarthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Johngarthia planata" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planata">Johngarthia planata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1860, from Gorgona Island to Mexico (reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="268 - 277" title="Closing a distributional gap of over 3000 km and encountering an invisible barrier: new presence / absence data for Johngarthia planata Stimpson, 1860 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinidae) for Central America and biogeographic notes on East Pacific Gecarcinidae." url="10.1163/15685403-00003172" volume="86" year="2013">Perger et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Cardisoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardisoma crassum" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">Cardisoma crassum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1870, from Peru to Mexico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tuerkay, M" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana biologica" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="333 - 354" title="Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang ueber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda)." volume="51" year="1970">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkay">Tuerkay</normalizedToken>
|
||
1970
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as the absence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus nobilii" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii">Gecarcinus nobilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from the Atlantic coast of South America suggests a more complex pattern. A promising approach to further investigation of the speciation processes in Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Gecarcinidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be the evaluation of how the connection between the habitats of the adults via sea currents may have changed during the formation of the Isthmus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schneider, B" journalOrPublisher="Earth and Planetary Science Letters" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="367 - 380" title="Simulating the impact of the Panamanian seaway closure on ocean circulation, marine productivity and nutrient cycling." url="10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.028" volume="246" year="2006">Schneider and Schmittner 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molnar, P" journalOrPublisher="Paleoceanography" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" title="Closing of the Central American Seaway and the Ice Age: A critical review." url="10.1029/2007PA001574" volume="23" year="2008">Molnar 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further studies should also take into account that even today, as indicated by the actual distribution, there appear to be mechanisms separating the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gecarcinus" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gecarcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from the Central and South American Pacific coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |