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<mods:title id="760D139A58BEAEA43DD5610BC1DDD6A1">Taxonomic studies on potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) of south India</mods:title>
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<treatment id="8133EA039468374FFF311F29BF56F8E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4499341" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124552913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4499341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8133EA039468374FFF311F29BF56F8E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8133EA039468374FFF311F29BF56F8E8" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph id="09255B159468374FFF311F29BF40FA25" blockId="17.[151,538,1301,1327]" box="[151,538,1301,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="526DEC799468374FFF311F29BF40FA25" bold="true" box="[151,538,1301,1327]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFF311F29BF40FA25" bold="true" box="[151,538,1301,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="CE9A20969468374FFF4B1F29BF40FA25" ID-CoL="4FY8" ID-ENA="76987" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[237,538,1301,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFF4B1F29BC07FA25" bold="true" box="[237,349,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eumenes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFEC31F29BF40FA25" author="Latreille, P. A." bookContentInfo="467 pp." box="[357,538,1301,1327]" firstAuthor="Latreille" journalOrPublisher="Paris: F. Dufart" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41753" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Historie naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des insects. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres. Paris: F. Dufart, xii + 467 pp." title="Historie naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des insects. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="CE9A20969468374FFF311F61BCE5FA78" ID-CoL="4FY8" authority="Latreille 1802: 360" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="360" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,447,1372,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFF311F61BDA9FA78" box="[151,243,1373,1394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eumenes</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="883B7D049468374FFF5F1F60BCE5FA78" author="Latreille" box="[249,447,1372,1394]" page="360" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1802">
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFF5F1F60BCE5FA78" author="Latreille, P. A." bookContentInfo="467 pp." box="[249,447,1372,1394]" firstAuthor="Latreille" journalOrPublisher="Paris: F. Dufart" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41753" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Historie naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des insects. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres. Paris: F. Dufart, xii + 467 pp." title="Historie naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des insects. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres." type="book" year="1802">Latreille 1802: 360</bibRefCitation>
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, genus (4 species). Type species:
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFCBE1F60BE7AFA7B" box="[792,800,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">&quot;</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CE9A20969468374FFC861F60B940FA78" authority="Fab." authorityName="Fab." box="[800,1050,1372,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctata">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFC861F60BEBEFA78" box="[800,996,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eumenes coarctata</emphasis>
Fab.
</taxonomicName>
&quot; [=
<taxonomicName id="CE9A20969468374FFBE11F61B8C8FA78" ID-CoL="5B9SP" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1095,1426,1372,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctata">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFBE11F61B9B3FA78" box="[1095,1257,1373,1394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vespa coarctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFB561F60B8C8FA78" author="Linnaeus, C." bookContentInfo="823 pp." box="[1264,1426,1372,1394]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae, impensis. Beer, G. E." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41964" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Ed. 10. Lipsiae, impensis. Beer, G. E., 823 pp." title="Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Ed. 10" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
], by subsequent designation (
<treatmentCitation id="883B7D049468374FFE781F46BFFFFA9A" author="Latreille" box="[478,677,1402,1424]" page="438" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1810">
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFE781F46BFFFFA9A" author="Latreille, P. A." bookContentInfo="444 pp." box="[478,677,1402,1424]" firstAuthor="Latreille" journalOrPublisher="Schoell, Paris" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41833" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1810) Considerations generale sur l'order naturel des animaux composant les classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides, et des Insectes: avec un tableau methodique de leurs genres, disposes en familles. Schoell, Paris, [2] + 444 pp." title="Considerations generale sur l'order naturel des animaux composant les classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides, et des Insectes: avec un tableau methodique de leurs genres, disposes en familles" type="book" year="1810">Latreille 1810: 438</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
); senior objective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="CE9A20969468374FFC7A1F46B98CFA9A" authority="de Saussure, 1855" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[988,1238,1402,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Alpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFC7A1F46B942FA9A" box="[988,1048,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Alpha</emphasis>
de Saussure, 1855
</taxonomicName>
and of
<taxonomicName id="CE9A20969468374FFA841F46BC2CFAA5" authority="Schulthess, 1913" authorityName="Schulthess" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFA841F46B8C6FA9A" box="[1314,1436,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eumenidion</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFF611FA5BC2CFAA5" author="Schulthess, A. V." box="[199,374,1433,1455]" firstAuthor="Schulthess" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv for zoologi" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 23" part="8" refId="ref42776" refString="Schulthess, A. V. (1913) Vespiden aus dem Stockholmer Museum. Arkiv for zoologi, 8 (17), 1 - 23." title="Vespiden aus dem Stockholmer Museum" type="journal article" year="1913">Schulthess, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09255B159468374FFF311F85BCCCFAE6" blockId="17.[151,1436,1372,1516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFF311F85BC91FAC4" author="van der Vecht, J. &amp; Fischer, F. C. J." bookContentInfo="199 pp." box="[151,459,1464,1486]" firstAuthor="van der Vecht" journalOrPublisher="Junk N. V., ' s + Gravenhage" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref43711" refString="van der Vecht, J. &amp; Fischer, F. C. J. (1972) Hymenopterorum Catalogus: Pars 8: Palaearctic Eumenidae. Junk N. V., ' s + Gravenhage, 199 pp." title="Hymenopterorum Catalogus: Pars 8: Palaearctic Eumenidae" type="book" year="1972">van der Vecht &amp; Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
: i–v+199;
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFD911F84BFA4FAC4" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[567,766,1464,1486]" firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="61 - 90" part="93" refId="ref37380" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (1986) A synonymic generic checklist of the Eumenidae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Psyche, 93, 61 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1986 / 12489" title="A synonymic generic checklist of the Eumenidae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" type="journal article" year="1986">Carpenter 1986: 69</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFCAF1F85B927FAC4" author="van der Vecht, J. &amp; Carpenter, J. M." box="[777,1149,1464,1486]" firstAuthor="van der Vecht" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 62" part="260" refId="ref43674" refString="van der Vecht, J. &amp; Carpenter, J. M. (1990) A catalogue of the genera of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 260, 1 - 62." title="A catalogue of the genera of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera)" type="journal article" year="1990">van der Vecht &amp; Carpenter 1990: 22</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFB2E1F84B8CDFAC4" author="Kim, J. K. &amp; Yamane, S." box="[1160,1431,1464,1486]" firstAuthor="Kim" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="139 - 155" part="4" refId="ref41372" refString="Kim, J. K. &amp; Yamane, S. (2001) A revision of Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from the Far East Asia, with description of one new species and one new subspecies. Entomological Science, 4 (2), 139 - 155." title="A revision of Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from the Far East Asia, with description of one new species and one new subspecies" type="journal article" year="2001">Kim &amp; Yamane 2001: 140</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6D0B26E49468374FFF611FEBBCCBFAE6" author="Nguyen, L. T. P." box="[199,401,1494,1516]" firstAuthor="Nguyen" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="564 - 572" part="3974" refId="ref42247" refString="Nguyen, L. T. P. (2015 a) Potter wasps of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and key to species. Zootaxa, 3974 (4), 564 - 572. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.4.7" title="Potter wasps of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and key to species" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">Nguyen 2015a: 565</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4180089E9468374FFF311C25B91CF8B7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="09255B159468374FFF311C25B91CF8B7" blockId="17.[151,1437,1561,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFF311C25BC4BF938" bold="true" box="[151,273,1561,1586]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Mandibles elongate, distinctly cross each other. Clypeus longer than wide, usually emarginate apically (
<figureCitation id="91A147909468374FFF391C01BDBBF95C" box="[159,225,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Head, frontal view. 1, Eumenes architectus; 2, Phimenes flavopictus; 3, Labus pusillus; 4, Antepipona sp.; 5, Pareumenes brevirostratus; 6, Coeleumenes i. impavidus; 7, Anterhynchium mellyi; 8, Xenorhynchium nitidulum; 9, P. flavopictus; 10, Oreumenoides edwardsii; 11, Zethus ceylonicus; 12, Delta e. esuriens. 9 – 12. ♂" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258091/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Cephalic fovea absent. Vertex usually sloping behind lateral ocelli. Mesosoma globular, as wide as high. Anterior face of pronotum smooth and shiny without medial pits or foveae. Pronotal carina usually present. Epicnemial carina absent. Pretegular carina absent (
<figureCitation id="91A147909468374FFD441CB9BE6CF994" box="[738,822,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1716,1739]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,193,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Mesosoma, lateral view. 13, 18, Delta conoideum; 14, 15, Pareumenes brevirostratus; 16, Coeleumenes i. impavidus; 17, Eumenes architectus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258092/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Notauli absent. Tegula longer than wide, emarginate adjoining parategula, not reaching end of parategula posteriorly. Metanotum not dentate. Axillary fossa wide. Propodeal dorsum below plane of metanotum, without dorsal shelf. Superior carinae absent. Submarginal carina not produced as pointed/rounded process. Propodeal valvula not free from submarginal carina posteriorly. Propodeal orifice wide dorsally. Metasoma petiolate, T1 punctate and abruptly widening near apex and bulged apically (
<figureCitation id="91A147909468374FFEA71D05BC0DF858" box="[257,343,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 78" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1000,1023]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,193,978]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,979]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 78. Metasoma, dorsal view. 74, Zethus ceylonicus; 75, Eumenes architectus; 76, Delta conoideum; 77, Oreumenoides edwardsii; 78, Coeleumenes i. impavidus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258100/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
). S1 abruptly widening near apex, forming a posterior crescentic sclerite, lateral margins of T1 closely approaching each other ventrally, usually fused (
<figureCitation id="91A147909468374FFCA91D61BE3EF87C" box="[783,868,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 73" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,215,1800]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 73. Metasoma. 64, 69, 73, Delta conoideum; 65, Phimenes flavopictus; 66, Labus pusillus; 67, Cyrtolabulus suavis; 68, 72, Eumenes architectus; 70, Discoelius sp.; 71, Coeleumenes i. impavidus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258099/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
). T2 with translucent apical lamella (
<figureCitation id="91A147909468374FFAA31D61B800F87C" box="[1285,1370,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 73" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,215,1800]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 73. Metasoma. 64, 69, 73, Delta conoideum; 65, Phimenes flavopictus; 66, Labus pusillus; 67, Cyrtolabulus suavis; 68, 72, Eumenes architectus; 70, Discoelius sp.; 71, Coeleumenes i. impavidus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258099/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). Mid tibia with one apical spur. SMC2 basally acute. Prestigma shorter than pterostigma. ♂: F11 small and hook-like, sharply pointed; no cavity on inner margin of flagellomere. Body length
<quantity id="CE62F6F09468374FFC631D99B91BF8B7" box="[965,1089,1957,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4180089E9468374FFF611DF5BF56F8E8" box="[199,524,1993,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="09255B159468374FFF611DF5BF56F8E8" blockId="17.[151,1437,1561,2018]" box="[199,524,1993,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="3BEE87079468374FFF611DF5BC3AF8E8" bold="true" box="[199,352,1993,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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