224 lines
18 KiB
XML
224 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" ID-PMC="PMC3689140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-22-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" ID-PubMed="23794937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576167" ModsDocID="1314-2003-22-1" checkinTime="1451251931319" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2013" docId="4C8E7E3CD64D5FC79F26235B57DFE5A4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 22: 1-428" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 22" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" docTitle="Solanum muenscheri Standl. & Steyerm. 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1668140799926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>432</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-22-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576167</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229102" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C8E7E3CD64D5FC79F26235B57DFE5A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C8E7E3CD64D5FC79F26235B57DFE5A4" lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="173" pageNumber="174" start="start">26</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName LSID="4C8E7E3C-D64D-5FC7-9F26-235B57DFE5A4" authority="Standl. & Steyerm." authorityName="Standl. & Steyerm." authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum muenscheri" order="Solanales" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muenscheri">Solanum muenscheri Standl. & Steyerm.</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation journal="Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser." page="275" score="6.043965833567426" volume="22" year="1940">Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 275. 1940</bibCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. Solanum muenscheri Standl. & Steyerm. (A-B drawn from Steyermark 35633). Reproduced from Knapp (1989) with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library. Illustration by Margaret Tebbs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10322" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Figure 65</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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Guatemala.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sololá">Solola</normalizedToken>
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: on mountain slope near Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
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, 10500 ft, 14 April 1937,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">W.L.C. Muenscher 12360</emphasis>
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(holotype: F [F-905753, F neg. 49440]; isotype: BH [BH000039462]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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Shrubs or small trees, 1-10 m tall. Stems densely pubescent with greyish dendritic trichomes; new growth densely pubescent with greyish-yellow dendritic trichomes. Bark of older stems sparsely pubescent, greyish-yellow. Sympodial units plurifoliate, branching monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, 5.5-15 cm long, 1.2-3.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, the adaxial surfaces densely to sparsely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, these denser along the veins in sparsely pubescent individuals, the abaxial surfaces densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes on the veins and lamina; primary veins 10-20 pairs, pubescent; base acute, not winged on to the petiole; margins entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1-2 cm long, not winged from the leaf bases. Inflorescences terminal, occasionally in the fork of branches, later appearing lateral from overtopping of shoots, 1-5 cm long, branching 2-4 times, with 5-25 flowers, densely pubescent with greyish-yellow dendritic trichomes like those of the stem and leaves; peduncle 0.5-1 cm long; pedicels 0.7-1.1 cm long, tapering from a basal diameter of 0.75-1 mm to an apical diameter of 2-3 mm, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, these somewhat longer than the trichomes of the leaves and stems, nodding at anthesis, articulated at the base and inserted into a sleeve ca. 1 mm long; pedicel scars uneven spaced to 1 cm apart, but clustered distally. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube conical, 1.5-2 cm long, the lobes 2-2.5 m long, deltate to long triangular, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes adaxially and abaxially. Corolla 1.5-2 cm in diameter, violet to deep purple, stellate to rotate-stellate, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 7-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, planar or slightly reflexed at anthesis, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes abaxially, sparsely pubescent with dendritic trichomes on the veins and petal surfaces adaxially, the trichomes denser at the tips of the lobes. Filament tube absent; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores becoming slit-like with age. Ovary glabrous or with a few dendritic trichomes at the apex; style 4-6 mm long, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes from the base to 3/4 of its length; stigma clavate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, black with thin pericarp; fruiting pedicels 1.5-1.8 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the base, woody, deflexed; calyx lobes somewhat accrescent in fruit, 3-5 mm long. Seeds ca. 20 per berry, ca. 3.5 mm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5 mm, reddish-brown, lenticular, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10322" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" start="Figure 65" startId="F65">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Figure 65.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muenscheri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Solanum muenscheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Standl. & Steyerm. (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">A-B</emphasis>
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drawn from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Steyermark 35633</emphasis>
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). Reproduced from
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<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library. Illustration by Margaret Tebbs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="F66" captionText="Figure 66. Distribution of Solanum muenscheri Standl. & Steyerm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10323" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Figure 66</figureCitation>
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). Mountains of NW Guatemala and SW Mexico, from 2500-4000 m. Most collections come from the Sierra de Cuchumatanes in Guatemala.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10323" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" start="Figure 66" startId="F66">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Figure 66.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muenscheri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Solanum muenscheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Standl. & Steyerm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="174" pageNumber="175" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
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Montane or cloud forests; dry slopes and
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Juniperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Cupressaceae" lsidName="" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" rank="genus">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
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) forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
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Endangered (EN); EOO <5,000 km2 (EN) and AOO <2,000 km2 (VU). See
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<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" refId="B116" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats." title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http: // www. rbgkew. org. uk / cats" year="2007">Moat (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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for explanation of measurements.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="175" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muenscheri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Solanum muenscheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a species of very limited distribution, found only in the mountains of N Guatemala and adjacent S. Mexico. It is apparently common locally and grows in mixed woodland and grassland near the tree line. Flowering specimens have been collected throughout the year, but there appears to be a peak in flowering in December.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="175" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muenscheri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Solanum muenscheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to the Andean species
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Solanum nitidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with which it is similar and perhaps closely related (
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<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp 1989</bibRefCitation>
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), in its soft dendritic trichomes and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="175" pageNumber="176" start="start">parallel</pageBreakToken>
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veined leaves. It differs from that species in having black mature berries, yellowish indument and in its generally somewhat smaller inflorescences and in being only found in Guatemala and Mexico.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="176" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Guatemala</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Chimaltenango</emphasis>
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: Chemal, 31 Dec 1940,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Johnston 1727</emphasis>
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(F);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Huehuetenango</emphasis>
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: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, El Mirador, 3000 m, 12 Jan 1966,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Molina R. et al. 16503</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, between Paquix and Lllanos San Miguel, road to San Juan Ixcoy, 3300 m, 17 Nov 1967,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Molina R. 21215</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Chemal, 4000 m, 13 Sep 1971,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Molina R. & Molina 26410</emphasis>
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(F); Huehuetenango, road from San Juan Ixcoy to Huehuetenango, high pla
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<pageBreakToken pageId="176" pageNumber="177" start="start">teau</pageBreakToken>
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in the center of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3450 m, 13 Mar 2003,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Schneider et al. 104</emphasis>
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(B); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, between the first cumbre and La Pradera, 3500 m, 28 Dec 1940,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Standley 81147</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, along road beyond La Pradera, km 32, 3300 m, 31 Dec 1940,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Standley 81724</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, El Mirador, at the summit of the road leading from Huehuetenango to Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3300 m, 31 Dec 1940,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Standley 81886</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, between Chemal and Calaveras, 2800 m, 9 Aug 1942,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Steyermark 50333</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, just below Calaveras, 3000 m, 4 Dec 1962,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Williams et al. 22388</emphasis>
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(F);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">San Marcos</emphasis>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
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Tajumulco, along road between San Sebastian at km 21 and km 8, 8-18 miles NW of San Marcos, 2700 m, 15 Feb 1940,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Steyermark 35633</emphasis>
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(F);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sololá">Solola</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zuñil">Zunil</normalizedToken>
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, 3000 m, 27 Dec 1976,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Schwabe</emphasis>
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s.n. (B);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Totonicapán">Totonicapan</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: La Cumbre, between kms 150-158 vicinity of La Cumbre of Totonicapan, 2500 m, 1 Dec 1969,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Molina R. & Molina 25054</emphasis>
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(F); Chiu Jolom, mountains above
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Totonicapán">Totonicapan</normalizedToken>
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on road to Desconseulo, 2800 m, 23 Jan 1941,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Standley 84478</emphasis>
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(F); Sierra Madre mountains about 8-10 km airline S of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Totonicapán">Totonicapan</normalizedToken>
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, 3100 m, 13 Dec 1962,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Williams et al. 22919</emphasis>
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(F).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Mexico. Chiapas</emphasis>
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. Near summit of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tacaná">Tacana</normalizedToken>
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, 2200 m, 30 July 1972,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Breedlove 26699</emphasis>
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(CAS, NY).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |