198 lines
18 KiB
XML
198 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44420001-28a0-4c06-b87e-3a4621d00270" ID-PMC="PMC3118779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-99-1" ID-PubMed="21738435" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-99-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 99" ModsDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" checkinTime="1451250430027" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 99: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 99" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" docTitle="Karaops australiensis L. Koch 1875, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFCF164DFFC1FFB8FFE86B62FFD3934E" masterDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668169852460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-99-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Karaops_australiensis" authority="L. Koch, 1875" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1875" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops australiensis" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Karaops australiensis (L. Koch, 1875)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="19" pageNumber="20">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 7-10Map 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops australiensis" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Selenops australiensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, L" journalOrPublisher="Bauer and Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="577 - 740" title="Die Arachniden Australiens." volume="1" year="1875">Koch 1875</bibRefCitation>
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: 615, plate 43, fig. 6.
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, L" journalOrPublisher="Bauer and Raspe, Nuernberg," pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="741 - 888" title="Die Arachniden Australiens." volume="1" year="1876">Koch 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 832, plate 71, fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Holotype immature (ZMH, not examined): Bowen [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.016666">20°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="148.25">148°15'E</geoCoordinate>
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], Queensland, Australia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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AUSTRALIA: Queensland:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Johansen’s">Johansen's</normalizedToken>
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Cave,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.15">23°09'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="150.46666">150°28'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 29.V.2000, from fogging trees with pyrethrum, vine scrub, 100 m, G.B. Monteith, 1♂ (QM S57515); from base of Jim Crow Mountain [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.216667">23°13'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="150.63333">150°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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], VII.1982, A. Rozefelds, 1♀ (QM S61054); Brandy Creek [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.35">20°21'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="148.71666">148°43'E</geoCoordinate>
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], 15.IV.1975, R. Monroe, J. Covacevich, P. Filewood, 1♂ (QM S47115).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The male coiled, the small MA that is attached to the base of the cymbium (Fig. 7). Females can be separated from other species by the coiled sperm ducts that lead to small, ovoid spermathecae, and epigynal pockets are absent (Figs 9-10).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Figures 7-14. Copulatory organs of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops australiensis" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Karaops australiensis</taxonomicName>
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comb. n., male from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Johansens’s">Johansens's</normalizedToken>
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Cave, Queensland, Australia (QM S57515) (7-8) and female from Jim Crow Mountain, Queensland, Australia (QM S61054) (9-10), and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">Karaops gangarie</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female holotype from Amos Bay, Northeast Queensland, Queensland, Australia (QM S52315) (11-12) and male from Amos Bay, Northeast Queensland, Queensland, Australia (QM S88644): 7, 13 male pedipalp, ventral view 8, 14 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 9, 11 epigyne, ventral view 10, 12 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening, FD = fertilization ducts, SD = sperm ducts, SP = spermathecae, C = conductor, E = embolus, dRTA = dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apolphysis, vRTA = ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The holotype from Bowen, north-eastern Queensland, is an immature (
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, L" journalOrPublisher="Bauer and Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="577 - 740" title="Die Arachniden Australiens." volume="1" year="1875">L. Koch 1875</bibRefCitation>
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) and therefore unidentifiable to species level. We have assigned several adult specimens collected near Bowen to this species, in the assumption that only a single species occurs in the region. Although males and females have not been collected sympatrically, we have assigned them to the same species as they were collected less than 20 km apart.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Male (QM S57515)Color: Carapace uniformly yellow-brown; sternum pale yellow-brown; chelicerae pale yellow with darker infuscations anteriorly; maxillae pale yellow-brown; labium pale brown; abdomen dorsally dark grey, with pale patches anteriorly, dorsally and posteriorly; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs with all segments clearly annulated. Cephalothorax:setae long and thin; 0.89 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.27; eye diameters, AME 0.16, ALE 0.08, PME 0.18, PLE 0.27; interdistances AME-ALE 0.24, PME-PLE 0.18, ALE-PLE 0.10, AME-PME 0.03; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.43, PME-PME 0.8; clypeus 0.10 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.83 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:femur, spination dorsal 0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1; retrolateral tibial apophysis with 2 processes, ventral apophysis short and quadrangular in lateral view, apophysis triangular, dorsal apophysis longer, curved and pointed at tip; retrolateral basal cymbial
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">process</pageBreakToken>
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absent; cymbial scopulae absent, cymbium round in ventral view; conductor very large, pointed at tip, terminating at 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
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; base of embolus quadrangular and sinuate, abruptly constricted into very long, thin embolus that curves around edge of cymbium, beginning at 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
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, terminating at 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
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; MA a small short hook, attached to base of embolus. Legs:leg I only slightly shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 3241; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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with strong claw tufts on all legs; pr claw with c. 10-15 teeth, rl claw lacking teeth; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti d 0, v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–2–2–">-2-2-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Mt v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">;</pageBreakToken>
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leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1; Tiv 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–2–2–">-2-2-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Mt v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; leg III, Fm pl 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1; Ti 0; Mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0. Abdomen:terminal setal tufts may be likely, but hairs are worn off. Dimensions: Total length 4.25. Cephalothorax length 2.24, width 2.53. Sternum length 1.12, width 1.35. Abdomen length 2.16, width 2.04. Pedipalp: Fm 0.76, Pt 0.39, Ti 0.40, Ta 0.71, (total) 2.26. Leg I: Fm 2.76, Pt 1.04, Ti 2.44, Mt 2.08, Ta 1.15, (total) 9.47. Leg II: Fm 3.58, Pt 1.15, Ti 2.92, Mt 2.59, Ta 1.28, (total) 11.51. Leg III: Fm 3.93, Pt 1.09, Ti 3.08, Mt 2.67, Ta 1.21, (total) 11.98. Leg IV: Fm 3.38, Pt 0.90, Ti 2.59, Mt 2.42, Ta 1.16, (total) 10.45.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Female (QM S61054): Color: carapace uniformly yellow-brown; sternum pale yellow-brown; chelicerae pale yellow with darker infuscations anteriorly; maxillae pale yellow-brown; labium pale brown; abdomen dorsally dark grey, with pale patches anteriorly, dorsally and posteriorly; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs with all segments clearly annulated. Cephalothorax:Setae long and thin; 0.83 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.46; eye diameters, AME 0.16, ALE 0.01, PME 0.20, PLE 0.27; interdistances AME-ALE 0.31, PME-PLE 0.22, ALE-PLE 0.18, AME-PME 0.05; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.45, PME-PME 0.89; clypeus 0.1 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.82 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:tarsus slightly swollen, claw present, without teeth. Legs:leg I only slightly shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 3241; scopulae absent on all legs; Ta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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with strong claw tufts; pr claw with c. 10-15 teeth, rl claw lacking teeth; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti d 0, v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–2–2–">-2-2-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Mt v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–2–2–2–">-2-2-2-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Mt v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0. Abdomen:possible setal tufts, old specimen, hairs worn off. Epigyne:Lateral lobes indistinct, posterior margin with a medial arch, small comma-shaped copulatory openings on either side of arch, epigynal pockets absent; internally with 5-6 medially to laterally coiled ducts, small oblong spermathecae. Dimensions: Total length 6.63. Cephalothorax length 2.50, width 3.01. Sternum length 1.25, width 1.52. Abdomen length 4.35, width 3.47. Pedipalp: Fm 0.8, Pt 0.48, Ti 0.48, Ta 0.82, (total) 2.58. Leg I: Fm 2.64, Pt 1.10, Ti 2.34, Mt 1.80, Ta 0.99, (total) 8.87. Leg II: Fm 3.45, Pt 1.16, Ti 2.82, Mt 2.17, Ta 1.08, (total) 10.68. Leg III: Fm 3.80, Pt 1.14, Ti 2.81, Mt 2.16, Ta 1.06, (total) 10.97. Leg IV: Fm 3.28, Pt 0.89, Ti 2.44, Mt 2.00, Ta 1.07, (total) 9.68.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">This species has been collected from trees fogged with pyrethrum in vine scrub, and has been seen under the bark of eucalypts (R. Atkinson, pers. comm.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">This specieshas been collected from Northeast Queensland to the southern Cape York Peninsula (Map 4).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Map 4. Northeast Queensland Australia (inset) showing the distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Karaops</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops monteithi" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">Karaops monteithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (white square),
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">Karaops gangarie</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (white stars),
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops australiensis" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Karaops australiensis</taxonomicName>
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(L. Koch) (white circles).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |