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<document ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c5ae6a10-9f27-4dbc-8922-6282ca81af6f" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728802" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:531E6108-5736-42D3-A6D6-F680CE3FA2A6" checkinTime="1678711888190" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moulin, Nicolas &amp; Schwarz, Christian J." docDate="2023" docId="03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.45.5.137-161.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 45 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631.4:Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="FFE8D716FFF1FF85C617EB33FFA22279" masterDocTitle="Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1678795764135" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moulin, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS UPMC EPHE UA, case postale 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France) nicolas. moulin @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">moulin@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schwarz, Christian J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Conservation Biology Unit, Ruhr University Bochum, ND 1 / 31, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany) christianschw @ gmx. de</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">christianschw@gmx.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>137</mods:start>
<mods:end>161</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c5ae6a10-9f27-4dbc-8922-6282ca81af6f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7728802</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:531E6108-5736-42D3-A6D6-F680CE3FA2A6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209437178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[193,715,1395,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName authority="Schwarz &amp; Moulin" authorityName="Schwarz &amp; Moulin" authorityYear="2023" box="[193,645,1395,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[193,427,1395,1422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Royacanthops confusa</emphasis>
Schwarz &amp; Moulin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[656,715,1396,1422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[380,485,1427,1453]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStart-6="FIG" captionStart-7="FIG" captionStartId-0="11.[132,143,1556,1574]" captionStartId-1="11.[812,823,1553,1571]" captionStartId-2="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" captionStartId-3="12.[813,824,1722,1740]" captionStartId-4="13.[132,143,1588,1606]" captionStartId-5="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionStartId-6="16.[245,256,694,712]" captionStartId-7="16.[133,144,1466,1484]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,783,198,1524]" captionTargetBox-1="[803,1457,205,1523]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,775,214,1508]" captionTargetBox-3="[813,1455,216,1669]" captionTargetBox-4="[256,1355,213,1537]" captionTargetBox-5="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetBox-6="[245,1343,213,653]" captionTargetBox-7="[246,1342,765,1422]" captionTargetId-0="figure-201@11.[131,684,770,1328]" captionTargetId-1="figure-254@11.[812,1365,771,1328]" captionTargetId-2="figure-165@12.[131,695,741,1276]" captionTargetId-3="figure-217@12.[811,1364,761,1308]" captionTargetId-4="figure-207@13.[256,806,780,1348]" captionTargetId-5="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetId-6="figure-209@16.[245,978,213,653]" captionTargetId-7="figure-215@16.[245,795,764,1330]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionTargetPageId-6="16" captionTargetPageId-7="16" captionText-0="FIG. 6. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male holotype ex.SMNK-Mant 00005:A, dorsal view;B, ventral view.Scale bars:10 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 7. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male paratype SMNK-Mant 00003: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 8. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 9. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp;Moulin,n.gen.,n.sp.,heads,anterior view:A, male holotype;B, male paratype;C, female allotype.Scale bars:1 mm." captionText-4="FIG. 10. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., anterior part of pronotum, dorsolateral view: A, male holotype; B, male paratype; C, female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-5="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-6="FIG. 12. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., female forewing, reconstructed and mirrored. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-7="FIG. 13. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male abdomen apices: A, holotype terminalia; B, paratype terminalia; C, holotype genitalia, ventral view; D, paratype genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728816" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729226" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728820" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728822" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728828" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728832" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7728816/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7729226/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7728820/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7728822/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7728828/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7728832/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Figs 6-13</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[497,526,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1040,1058]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,215,989]" captionTargetId="figure-537@24.[246,1342,214,990]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 21. — Distribution map of Royacanthops soukana (Roy, 2002) n. comb., R. confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp. and Parvacanthops parva (Beier, 1942) n. comb. Source: http://www.gadm.org GADM database of Global Administrative Areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728850/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">21</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[162,746,1488,1506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="8.[162,746,1488,1506]" box="[162,746,1488,1506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<uri box="[162,746,1488,1506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[357,746,1488,1506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">7BEBAD4B-13FE-4598-939E-18638541100E</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,774,1540,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitation author="LOMBARDO F. &amp; IPPOLITO S." box="[132,636,1540,1564]" page="1091" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" year="2004">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8ZKM" authority="Lombardo &amp; Ippolito 2004: 1091" authorityName="Lombardo &amp; Ippolito" authorityPageNumber="1091" authorityYear="2004" box="[132,636,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis box="[132,288,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Acanthops parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LOMBARDO F. &amp; IPPOLITO S." box="[295,636,1540,1564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" pagination="1076 - 1102" refId="ref13036" refString="LOMBARDO F. &amp; IPPOLITO S. 2004. - Revision of the species of Acanthops Serville 1831 (Mantodea, Mantidae, Acanthopinae) with comment on their phylogeny. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97 (6): 1076 - 1102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lombardo &amp; Ippolito 2004: 1091</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 19 B, D, F; 20 A; 21 A, B; 22 A, B, D, E (nec
<treatmentCitation author="BEIER M." box="[496,657,1566,1590]" page="147" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation author="BEIER M." box="[496,657,1566,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" pagination="126 - 154" refId="ref12043" refString="BEIER M. 1942. - Neue und seltene Mantodeen aus deutschen Museen. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 52: 126 - 154." type="journal article" year="1942">Beier 1942: 147</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1614,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4054613301" collectingDate="1995-12-27" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, SMNK, MZUSP" collectorName="K. Joss &amp; Schwarz No." country="Brazil" latitude="1.0" location="Rio Jauaperi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.0" municipality="Xixuau Reserve" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode box="[132,283,1614,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
. —
<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,425,1614,1638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<typeStatus box="[330,425,1614,1638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[439,497,1615,1639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<collectingCountry box="[439,497,1615,1639]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount box="[522,542,1617,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; Reg.
<collectingRegion box="[607,693,1614,1638]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Roraima</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Xixuau Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5:8EA748A3FFF9FF8DC6C8ED5BFEFF24F9" box="[223,349,1640,1664]" country="Brazil" latitude="1.0" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.0" municipality="Xixuau Reserve" name="Rio Jauaperi" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" stateProvince="Roraima">Rio Jauaperi</location>
;
<geoCoordinate box="[361,445,1640,1664]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" precision="15" seconds="0" value="1.0">1°0’0”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[458,554,1640,1664]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-61.0">61°0’0”W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date box="[569,694,1640,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" value="1995-12-27">
<collectingDate box="[569,694,1640,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" value="1995-12-27">27.XII.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName box="[706,775,1641,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">K. Joss</collectorName>
leg.; genitalia preparation
<collectorName box="[389,514,1667,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Schwarz No.</collectorName>
524; ex.
<collectionCode box="[604,679,1667,1691]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tc3a-fmpc" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">SMNK</collectionCode>
, to be deposited in the
<collectionCode box="[273,356,1693,1717]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">MZUSP</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1614,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4054613307" collectingDate="1995-12-27" collectorName="N Brazil &amp; K. Joss" country="Brazil" latitude="1.0" location="Rio Jauaperi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.0" municipality="Xixuau Reserve" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="allotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,216,1721,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<typeStatus box="[132,216,1721,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Allotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[229,287,1721,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<collectingCountry box="[229,287,1721,1745]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount box="[309,326,1723,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName box="[338,423,1720,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">N Brazil</collectorName>
; Reg.
<collectingRegion box="[482,568,1720,1744]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Roraima</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality box="[578,730,1720,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Xixuau Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5:8EA748A3FFF9FF8DC4F3ED8BFF742493" country="Brazil" latitude="1.0" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.0" municipality="Xixuau Reserve" name="Rio Jauaperi" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" stateProvince="Roraima">Rio Jauaperi</location>
;
<geoCoordinate box="[226,310,1746,1770]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" precision="15" seconds="0" value="1.0">1°0’0”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[322,419,1746,1770]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-61.0">61°0’0”W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date box="[434,558,1746,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" value="1995-12-27">
<collectingDate box="[434,558,1746,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" value="1995-12-27">27.XII.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName box="[570,638,1747,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">K. Joss</collectorName>
leg.; SMNKMant 00006.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1614,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4054613302" collectingDate="1992-06-15" collectingDateMax="1992-07-30" collectingDateMin="1992-06-15" collectorName="W. Paarmann &amp; Schwarz No." country="Brazil" latitude="-3.08" location="Reserva Ducke" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.009724" municipality="Manaus" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,216,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<typeStatus box="[132,216,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,284,1801,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<collectingCountry box="[227,284,1801,1825]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount box="[302,322,1802,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5:8EA748A3FFF9FF8DC75BEC3BFE782566" box="[332,474,1799,1823]" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.08" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.009724" municipality="Manaus" name="Reserva Ducke" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Reserva Ducke</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[481,559,1800,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Manaus</collectingMunicipality>
;
<geoCoordinate box="[567,653,1799,1823]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-3.08">3°4’48”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[662,769,1799,1823]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-60.009724">60°0’35”W</geoCoordinate>
; obtained by fogging;
<date box="[327,516,1825,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" value="1992-06-15" valueMax="1992-07-30" valueMin="1992-06-15">
<collectingDate box="[327,516,1825,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" value="1992-06-15" valueMax="1992-07-30" valueMin="1992-06-15">15.VI.-30.VII.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName box="[524,650,1826,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">W. Paarmann</collectorName>
leg.; genitalia preparation
<collectorName box="[249,374,1852,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Schwarz No.</collectorName>
595; SMNK-Mant 00003
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,646,1901,1925]" box="[132,646,1901,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<collectionCode box="[132,279,1902,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — Xixuau Reserve,
<collectingRegion box="[486,572,1901,1925]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Roraima</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[582,641,1901,1925]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,775,1949,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">DIAGNOSIS. — Body coloration dark brown in males, pale brown in female.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,775,1949,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[811,1457,1255,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,210,2002,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Female.</emphasis>
Pronotum with distinctly marked supracoxal dilatation, metazona with rounded, thick teeth. Costal margin on forewings strongly sinuate, with triangular subapical and digitiform apical lobe.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[811,862,1308,1332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Male</emphasis>
. Tegmina longer than alae. Genitalia with sdp of ventral phallomere very elongate, re-curved to the left, and with several teeth at the base; bl of ventral phallomere elongate, with blunt apex possessing a short spine pointing distally. Left phallomere with afa sclerotized, short, with acute apex and several sclerotized spines along its length; loa setose, anterior lobe with elongate setae, posterior lobe with roughly triangular apex, indented on the left side; paa curved distad, without subapical process, apex digitiform. Ventral lamina longer than wide, with a wide sclerotized area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="8.[813,1457,1567,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet alludes to the fact that this taxon has been confused with three other acanthopine taxa by four different
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[957,1058,1620,1644]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
scholars in the past, until it was finally recognized as new.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="8" pageNumber="143" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[811,1457,1715,2028]" box="[813,957,1715,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[811,1457,1715,2028]" box="[813,1274,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis box="[813,1274,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
Male (
<figureCitation box="[880,943,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1556,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,783,198,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-201@11.[131,684,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male holotype ex.SMNK-Mant 00005:A, dorsal view;B, ventral view.Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728816/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Figs 6</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[957,971,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[812,823,1553,1571]" captionTargetBox="[803,1457,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-254@11.[812,1365,771,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male paratype SMNK-Mant 00003: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7729226/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">7</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[985,1047,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[813,824,1722,1740]" captionTargetBox="[813,1455,216,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-217@12.[811,1364,761,1308]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp;Moulin,n.gen.,n.sp.,heads,anterior view:A, male holotype;B, male paratype;C, female allotype.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728820/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">9A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[1060,1136,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1588,1606]" captionTargetBox="[256,1355,213,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-207@13.[256,806,780,1348]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., anterior part of pronotum, dorsolateral view: A, male holotype; B, male paratype; C, female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">10A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[1149,1174,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">11</figureCitation>
A-D; 13)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[811,1457,1715,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[130,776,1459,1612]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1050,1777,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="143">Measurements (n = 2).</emphasis>
Body length 36.1-41.6; antenna length 8.6-10.9; head length 3.5-3.9; head width 4.4-5.2; pronotum length 12.3-14.0; prozona length 3.1-3.5; metazona length 9.2-10.5; pronotum width 2.7-3.4; ratio pronotum width/ length 0.22-0.24; ratio metazona/prozona 3.0; prothoracic coxa length 7.5-8.2; prothoracic femur length 9.7-10.7; prothoracic femur width 2.2-2.4; prothoracic tibia length 7.8-8.2; mesothoracic femur length 5.7-6.5; mesothoracic tibia length 6.2-7.2; metathoracic femur length 6.7-7.4; metathoracic tibia length 7.8-8.9; forewing length 27.6-35.4; forewing width 9.5-11.6; costal field width 4.2-5.3; ratio forewing length/ width 2.9-3.0; ratio forewing/pronotum 2.2-2.5; hindwing length 26.2-33.3.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728812/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" startId="9.[132,143,1983,2001]" targetBox="[182,1419,223,1803]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[132,1455,1983,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">
FIG. 4. —
<taxonomicName authority="(Roy, 2002)" authorityName="Moulin &amp; Schwarz" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Roy" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[212,503,1983,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soukana" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis box="[212,406,1983,2001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">Royacanthops soukana</emphasis>
(Roy, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[509,587,1983,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male MNHN-EP-EP7504:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,822,1983,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">A</emphasis>
, genitalia, ventral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1022,1035,1983,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="144">B</emphasis>
, genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[955,1433,93,113]" box="[955,1433,93,113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
New genera and new species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1216,1330,93,112]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthopidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1341,1427,93,112]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728814" box="[197,1392,1364,1382]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728814/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" startId="10.[197,208,1364,1382]" targetBox="[223,1364,188,1339]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph blockId="10.[197,1392,1364,1382]" box="[197,1392,1364,1382]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
FIG. 5. —
<taxonomicName authority="(Roy, 2002)" authorityName="Moulin &amp; Schwarz" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Roy" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[277,569,1364,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soukana" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis box="[277,471,1364,1382]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">Royacanthops soukana</emphasis>
(Roy, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,649,1364,1382]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
female holotype MNHN-EP-EP2424, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo: M. Depraetere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[132,775,1650,1709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,507,1650,1678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
Coloration and habitus (
<figureCitation box="[401,469,1650,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1556,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,783,198,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-201@11.[131,684,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male holotype ex.SMNK-Mant 00005:A, dorsal view;B, ventral view.Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728816/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">Figs 6</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[482,507,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
<figureCitation box="[482,496,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[812,823,1553,1571]" captionTargetBox="[803,1457,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-254@11.[812,1365,771,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male paratype SMNK-Mant 00003: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7729226/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Body and wings brown, resembling a dry leaf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[130,778,1745,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,335,1745,1773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
Head (
<figureCitation box="[208,328,1745,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[813,824,1722,1740]" captionTargetBox="[813,1455,216,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-217@12.[811,1364,761,1308]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp;Moulin,n.gen.,n.sp.,heads,anterior view:A, male holotype;B, male paratype;C, female allotype.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728820/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Triangular in frontal view, tuberculate, spotted with dark, without projections. Antennae moniliform, shorter than body, of general body color, segments darkened apically, flagellum bearing darkened setae. Vertex convex, higher than compound eyes, with small tubercles. Juxtaocular bulges protruding, with several small tubercles. Eyes ovoid, rounded anteriorly, with a small, conical, dorsolateral process. Lower frons wider than high, with two small projections on upper margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[813,1457,1458,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1076,1458,1486]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[940,1069,1458,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1588,1606]" captionTargetBox="[256,1355,213,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-207@13.[256,806,780,1348]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., anterior part of pronotum, dorsolateral view: A, male holotype; B, male paratype; C, female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728822/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Elongate, light brown with brown spots and a pair of darker spots at around two-thirds of the metazona. Prozona with smooth margins, and armed with three pairs of pointed tubercles, growing larger from front to back, and 1-2 additional single tubercles. Metazona as in
<taxonomicName authority="(Roy, 2002)" authorityName="Moulin &amp; Schwarz" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Roy" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[813,1065,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soukana" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis box="[813,927,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">R. soukana</emphasis>
(Roy, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1072,1172,1618,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with an indistinct, sparse denticulation on the lateral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[811,1457,1714,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[130,775,1650,1804]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1160,1714,1741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">
Prothoracic legs (
<figureCitation box="[1016,1097,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A-D)
</emphasis>
. Same coloration as head and pronotum. Coxae rectangular, prism-shaped in crosssection, with two little black tubercles on posteroventral side, and 16-17 small ochraceous dorsal spines of inequal size.Trochanter slightly granular. Femora triangular in crosssection, spotted, with 6 (rarely 7) posteroventral spines; margin between spines crenelated; dorsal margin almost smooth, with a small but distinct triangular lobe at base; 16 AvS, and 4 discoidal spines, all spines dark brown towards apex; claw-groove at basal fourth of femur. AvS configuration:
<typeStatus box="[190,291,1650,1676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">holotype</typeStatus>
: IiIIiIiIiiiIiIiI (right) and IiIIiIiiIiIiiiIiI (left);
<typeStatus box="[130,229,1683,1709]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">paratype</typeStatus>
: IiIIiIiIiIiIiIiI. Tibiae dark brown, spotted; 20-22 posteroventral spines, all dark brown at the tip, decumbent; 17-18 anteroventral spines; first tarsomere longer than remaining tarsomeres together.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728816/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" startId="11.[132,143,1556,1574]" targetBox="[132,783,198,1524]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[132,776,1556,1597]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
FIG. 6. —
<taxonomicName box="[211,391,1556,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[211,391,1556,1574]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[565,681,1556,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male holotype ex.SMNK-Mant 00005:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[369,382,1579,1597]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[492,505,1579,1597]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">B</emphasis>
, ventral view.Scale bars:10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7729226/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" startId="11.[812,823,1553,1571]" targetBox="[803,1457,205,1523]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[812,1456,1553,1594]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
FIG. 7. —
<taxonomicName box="[891,1071,1553,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[891,1071,1553,1571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1244,1360,1553,1571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male paratype SMNK-Mant 00003:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1025,1038,1576,1594]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1153,1166,1576,1594]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">B</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="11.[130,777,1841,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[812,1457,1650,1772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,592,1841,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
Meso- and metathoracic legs (
<figureCitation box="[455,540,1841,1869]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1556,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,783,198,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-201@11.[131,684,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male holotype ex.SMNK-Mant 00005:A, dorsal view;B, ventral view.Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728816/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[550,584,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[812,823,1553,1571]" captionTargetBox="[803,1457,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-254@11.[812,1365,771,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male paratype SMNK-Mant 00003: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7729226/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">7B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. As in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moulin &amp; Schwarz" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Roy" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[662,775,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soukana" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis box="[662,775,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">R. soukana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[132,230,1873,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
All segments setose. Coxae robust, relatively long. Femora slightly widened, with a deeply concave ventral margin, accommodating tibia when at rest; genicular lobes short and rounded. Tibiae darker, slightly arched, mesothoracic tibiae distinctly swollen in the basal half, metathoracic tibiae for almost two thirds of their length, with a very short apical lobe and two terminal spines with black base; tarsi with first tarsomere shorter than next four together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[813,1456,1809,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[132,775,1650,1740]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1000,1809,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
Wings (
<figureCitation box="[897,964,1809,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1556,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,783,198,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-201@11.[131,684,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male holotype ex.SMNK-Mant 00005:A, dorsal view;B, ventral view.Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728816/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">Figs 6</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[975,1000,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">
<figureCitation box="[975,989,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[812,823,1553,1571]" captionTargetBox="[803,1457,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-254@11.[812,1365,771,1328]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male paratype SMNK-Mant 00003: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7729226/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="146">7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Forewings subopaque, brown, resembling dry leaves, with the postero-apical region more hyaline; costal area brown, slightly darker, opaque; costal area strongly sinuated, widest at about first quarter of wing, then convexly tapering towards Subcosta posterior at apical third of wing; subapical lobe weakly developed; stigma irregularly shaped, opaque, shiny. Hindwings with an ochraceous, spotted costal area; proximal part of discoidal and anal areas smoky; discoidal area with a well-developed apical lobe and two smaller lobes posteriad.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="147" startId="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" targetBox="[132,775,214,1508]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[131,775,1556,1597]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">
FIG. 8. —
<taxonomicName box="[212,393,1557,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[212,393,1557,1575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[570,630,1557,1575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[358,371,1579,1597]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[484,497,1579,1597]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728820" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728820/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="147" startId="12.[813,824,1722,1740]" targetBox="[813,1455,216,1669]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[812,1457,1722,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">
FIG. 9. —
<taxonomicName box="[889,1061,1722,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[889,1061,1722,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp;Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1224,1332,1722,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147" rank="species">n.gen.,n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,heads,anterior view:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,872,1745,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
, male holotype;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1005,1018,1745,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
, male paratype;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1153,1167,1745,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
, female allotype.Scale bars:1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="12.[132,777,1777,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[811,1455,1841,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,256,1777,1803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Dark brown, fusiform, shorter than wings; tergites 3 and 4 with acute, triangular extensions; tergites 5 and 6 with large lateral, irregularly toothed lobes, more developed on tergite 5; tergites 7 to 9 with small subacute lobes. Supraanal plate deeply indented, bearing short 11-segmented cerci, first and last segment consisting of 3 and 2 fused segments, respectively. Apex of last segment flattened and indented (
<figureCitation box="[292,421,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[133,144,1466,1484]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,765,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-215@16.[245,795,764,1330]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 13. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male abdomen apices: A, holotype terminalia; B, paratype terminalia; C, holotype genitalia, ventral view; D, paratype genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728832/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
), with the outer lobe larger than the inner lobe. Sternites each with a median and two paramedian lobes at posterior margin. Subgenital plate with two small, conical styli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[813,1457,1969,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[132,777,1714,2028]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1079,1969,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">
Genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[931,1070,1969,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[133,144,1466,1484]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,765,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-215@16.[245,795,764,1330]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 13. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male abdomen apices: A, holotype terminalia; B, paratype terminalia; C, holotype genitalia, ventral view; D, paratype genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728832/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="147">Fig. 13C, D</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Ventral phallomere (L4A) longer than wide; sdp very elongate and re-curved, with acute apex and with several small denticles at the base; bl on right site of ventral phallomere well developed, digitiform, with a very short spine accompanied by a yet shorter spine on the right apical margin. L4B with afa sclerotized, distally more so, short, with several sclerotized spines. Membranous lobe setose, anterior lobe with elongate setae, posterior lobe with roughly triangular apex, indented on the left side. Apical process digitiform, curved at the end. Right phallomere with pia bearing several sclerotized ridges, and a well sclerotized, L-shaped pva.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728822/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="148" startId="13.[132,143,1588,1606]" targetBox="[256,1355,213,1537]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,1455,1588,1629]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">
FIG. 10. —
<taxonomicName box="[222,403,1588,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[222,403,1588,1606]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[578,695,1588,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, anterior part of pronotum, dorsolateral view:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1072,1085,1588,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">A</emphasis>
, male holotype;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1223,1236,1588,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">B</emphasis>
, male paratype;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1375,1389,1588,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">C</emphasis>
, female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="13.[811,1457,1715,2028]" box="[813,913,1715,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[811,1457,1715,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[130,775,215,656]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">
The
<specimenCount box="[860,968,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
from the SMNK correspond very well to the specimen from the ANSP investigated by
<bibRefCitation author="LOMBARDO F. &amp; IPPOLITO S." pageId="13" pageNumber="148" pagination="1076 - 1102" refId="ref13036" refString="LOMBARDO F. &amp; IPPOLITO S. 2004. - Revision of the species of Acanthops Serville 1831 (Mantodea, Mantidae, Acanthopinae) with comment on their phylogeny. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97 (6): 1076 - 1102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lombardo &amp; Ippolito (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. The
<typeStatus box="[1014,1108,1810,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">holotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion box="[1171,1263,1810,1836]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">Roraima</collectingRegion>
is distinctly larger than the two other known males, but agrees well in all other characters with the specimens from the lower Amazon. The
<typeStatus box="[813,905,1906,1932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">paratype</typeStatus>
from Manaus has an aberrant configuration of posteroventral spines on the left femur (
<figureCitation box="[1220,1322,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="148">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). While the total spine number is six, the fifth spine is distinctly smaller than the others, and there is a callus between this spine and the sixth, where an additional spine was supposed to be. This spine seems to have been lost during postembryonic development. This specimen also has the right stylus shorter than the left one, a feature that is not apparent in the
<typeStatus box="[679,774,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation box="[142,270,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[133,144,1466,1484]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,765,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-215@16.[245,795,764,1330]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 13. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., male abdomen apices: A, holotype terminalia; B, paratype terminalia; C, holotype genitalia, ventral view; D, paratype genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728832/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="149" startId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" targetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[132,1457,1962,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">
FIG. 11. —
<taxonomicName box="[221,401,1962,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="14" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[221,401,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,690,1962,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, left forelegs:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[802,815,1962,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">A</emphasis>
, male holotype, posterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1077,1090,1962,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">B</emphasis>
, male holotype, anterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1342,1356,1962,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">C</emphasis>
, male paratype, posterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[308,370,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">arrows</emphasis>
point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1028,1042,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">D</emphasis>
, male paratype, anterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1301,1313,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">E</emphasis>
, female allotype, posterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[260,312,2007,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">arrow</emphasis>
points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[861,872,2007,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="149">F</emphasis>
, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="15.[130,775,215,656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
An interesting feature in most Acanthopoidea is the irregular size of bendable anteroventral spines. In most artimantodeans, the anteroventral row consists of short, rigid spines alternating with long, bendable spines (except the apical ones) (pers. obs.). In Acanthopoidea (except
<taxonomicName authority="Beier, 1935" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1935" box="[486,725,502,529]" class="Insecta" family="Angelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Angelidae Beier, 1935</taxonomicName>
) the proximal 4-6 spines are arranged in two rows, with the medial (= inner) row consisting of bendable spines. As seen in the configurations here, the bendable spines in this group may be shorter than neighboring rigid spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[130,777,693,1070]" box="[132,527,693,720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis box="[132,527,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Female (
<figureCitation box="[219,283,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,214,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-165@12.[131,695,741,1276]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Figs 8</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[297,328,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[813,824,1722,1740]" captionTargetBox="[813,1455,216,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-217@12.[811,1364,761,1308]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp;Moulin,n.gen.,n.sp.,heads,anterior view:A, male holotype;B, male paratype;C, female allotype.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728820/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">9C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[343,389,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1588,1606]" captionTargetBox="[256,1355,213,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-207@13.[256,806,780,1348]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., anterior part of pronotum, dorsolateral view: A, male holotype; B, male paratype; C, female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728822/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">10C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[403,477,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">11E, F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[490,518,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[245,256,694,712]" captionTargetBox="[245,1343,213,653]" captionTargetId="figure-209@16.[245,978,213,653]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., female forewing, reconstructed and mirrored. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">12</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[130,777,693,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,390,725,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Measurements (n = 1).</emphasis>
Body length 38.9; antenna length 5.7; head length 5.3; head width 5.8; pronotum length 15.0; prozona length 4.4; metazona length 10.6; pronotum width 4.8; ratio pronotum width/length 0.32; ratio metazona/prozona 2.4; prothoracic coxa length 10.4; prothoracic femur length 13.6; prothoracic femur width 3.5; prothoracic tibia length 10.6; mesothoracic femur length 7.2; mesothoracic tibia length 8.7; metathoracic femur length 8.7; metathoracic tibia length 10.9; forewing length 27.0; forewing width 7.4; costal field width 5.3; ratio forewing length/width 3.6; ratio forewing/pronotum 1.8; hindwing length 21.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[130,775,1108,1167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,463,1108,1136]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Coloration and habitus (
<figureCitation box="[393,454,1108,1136]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,214,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-165@12.[131,695,741,1276]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Body and wings light brown, resembling a dry, shriveled leaf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[131,775,1203,1517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,301,1203,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Head (
<figureCitation box="[207,293,1203,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[813,824,1722,1740]" captionTargetBox="[813,1455,216,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-217@12.[811,1364,761,1308]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp;Moulin,n.gen.,n.sp.,heads,anterior view:A, male holotype;B, male paratype;C, female allotype.Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728820/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Triangular in frontal view, without projections but tuberculate. Antennae moniliform, slightly longer than head, ochraceous, along first half of flagellum darkened at every second segment apex, in the second half at each segment. Vertex convex, slightly arched, higher than compound eyes, with four tubercles in a trapezoid arrangement. Juxtaocular bulges very large, protruding, with several distinct tubercles. Ocelli small. Eyes ovoid, with a blunt, triangular, dorsolateral process. Lower frons distinctly wider than high, with two small projections on upper margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[132,777,1554,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,367,1554,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[260,358,1554,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1588,1606]" captionTargetBox="[256,1355,213,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-207@13.[256,806,780,1348]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., anterior part of pronotum, dorsolateral view: A, male holotype; B, male paratype; C, female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728822/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Elongate, tuberculate along its entire length, light brown with a pair of darker patches at around two-thirds of the metazona. Prozona with almost smooth margin, tuberculate, and with two pairs of robust paramedian projections, the posterior ones being larger. Supracoxal dilatation distinct, with subcircular margins. Metazona with parallel margins, 2.4 times as long as prozona, tuberculate, with a pair of robust paramedian projections at the posterior end of supracoxal dilatation and a pair of triangular projections at base; margins of metazona with thick, rounded teeth along their length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[132,777,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[811,1457,215,911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,455,1937,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Prothoracic legs (
<figureCitation box="[322,448,1937,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 11E, F</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Same coloration as head and pronotum. Coxae trapezoid in cross-section; anterior sides tuberculate, with numerous whitish spots; posteroventral side with a few robust tubercles, some of them darkened; ventral margin with an irregular row of inclined small teeth; dorsal margin with 6 stronger, pale teeth interspersed with smaller teeth; apical lobes contiguous. Trochanter tuberculate. Femora triangular in cross-section; posterior side with several tubercles, some of them darkened, with 6 posteroventral spines; margin between spines heavily crenelated. Dorsal margin crenelated, with a small but distinct, darkened, triangular lobe at base; anterior side densely covered with light ochraceous spots, with two interrupted darker bands at middle and across femoral brush, respectively, and with dark spots at bases of the larger antero-ventral spines; clawgroove at basal fourth of femur; 18-19 anteroventral spines and 4 discoidal spines with brown tips; AvS configuration IiIIiIiIiIiIiIiiiI (right) and IiIIiIiIiIiIiiIiiiI (left). Tibiae with convex dorsal margin, spotted with dark and with somewhat darker apex; 23 posteroventral, decumbent spines, plus an additional, vestigial, thin spine on left tibia located before the antepenultimate spine (
<figureCitation box="[1119,1217,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[350,884,770,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., left forelegs: A, male holotype, posterior view;B, male holotype, anterior view;C, male paratype, posterior view; arrows point to the aberrant posteroventral spine configuration referred to in the text; D, male paratype, anterior view; E, female allotype, posterior view; arrow points to the aberrant posteroventral spine referred to in the text; F, female allotype, anterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728826/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
); all spines with dark tips; 20-22 anteroventral spines with dark tips, spines on right tibia showing some size anomalies towards apex. Tarsi broken off near base, remaining parts dark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[810,1457,948,1294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1238,948,976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Meso- and metathoracic legs (
<figureCitation box="[1146,1230,948,976]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,214,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-165@12.[131,695,741,1276]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. With slight pubescence. Coxae relatively long, heavily keeled, dorsal side concave, accommodating femur when at rest. Femora rectangular in cross section, slightly widened, with a deeply concave ventral margin, accommodating tibia when at rest; genicular lobes acute. Tibiae keeled, somewhat darker dorsally, slightly arched, mesothoracic pair distinctly swollen in the basal half, metathoracic pair for almost two thirds of their length, with a triangular apical lobe and two terminal spines. Tarsi darkened, with first tarsomere much shorter than the remaining tarsomeres taken together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[811,1457,1331,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1032,1331,1359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Wings (
<figureCitation box="[901,971,1331,1359]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,214,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-165@12.[131,695,741,1276]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Figs 8</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[986,1017,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[245,256,694,712]" captionTargetBox="[245,1343,213,653]" captionTargetId="figure-209@16.[245,978,213,653]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp., female forewing, reconstructed and mirrored. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">12</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Forewings opaque, vein configuration resembling a dry leaf, spotted with brown, apical margin darkened; costal area strongly sinuated, widest near base, then convexly tapering towards Subcosta posterior at apical third of wing, then widening again into a triangular subapical lobe; Apex of forewing elongated into a digitiform lobe slightly widened at its end (apical half broken off on right tegmen); posterior margin of forewing subapically with three small lobes surrounding vein apices. Stigma triangular, shiny, light chestnut in color. Hindwings yellowish with dark apex; cells irregularly darkened in their middle, except those at base and along anterior margin of discoidal field; anal area relatively small; apex subtruncate, with slightly undulated margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[811,1458,1777,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[132,777,1586,1708]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1033,1777,1805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation box="[938,1025,1777,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[131,142,1557,1575]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,214,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-165@12.[131,695,741,1276]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. n. sp., female allotype SMNK-Mant 00006: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bars:10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728818/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="150">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Brown, ovoid but appearing roughly circular due to lateral tergal lobes, shorter than wings.Tergites shiny, tergites 3-8 with a black band at posterior end, widest on tergite 4; tergites 3 and 4 with slender, triangular lateral lobes; tergites 5 and 6 each with a large, irregularly toothed, lateral lobe, more developed on tergite 5; tergites 7, 8 and 9 with small lateral lobes. Supraanal plate wider than long, deeply indented at apex. Cerci short, 11-segmented, the last segment flattened and indented, with the outer lobe only slightly larger than the inner lobe. Sternites each with a wide median and two acute paramedian lobes at posterior margin. Subgenital plate without peculiarities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph blockId="16.[955,1433,93,113]" box="[955,1433,93,113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
New genera and new species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1216,1330,93,112]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthopidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1341,1427,93,112]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728828" box="[245,1345,694,712]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728828/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" startId="16.[245,256,694,712]" targetBox="[245,1343,213,653]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[245,1345,694,712]" box="[245,1345,694,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
FIG. 12. —
<taxonomicName box="[335,516,694,712]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[335,516,694,712]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[692,807,694,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female forewing, reconstructed and mirrored. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7728832/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" startId="16.[133,144,1466,1484]" targetBox="[246,1342,765,1422]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[133,1458,1465,1506]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
FIG. 13. —
<taxonomicName box="[223,403,1466,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confus">
<emphasis box="[223,403,1466,1484]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Royacanthops confus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Schwarz &amp; Moulin,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[578,695,1466,1484]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male abdomen apices:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,908,1466,1484]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
, holotype terminalia;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1087,1100,1466,1484]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
, paratype terminalia;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1280,1294,1465,1483]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
, holotype genitalia, ventral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[242,256,1488,1506]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
, paratype genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="16.[131,777,1746,2028]" box="[132,404,1746,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[131,777,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[812,1458,1586,1676]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
Males of
<taxonomicName authority="Schwarz &amp; Moulin" authorityName="Schwarz &amp; Moulin" authorityYear="2023" box="[229,548,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[229,334,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">R. confusa</emphasis>
Schwarz &amp; Moulin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[558,701,1778,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName authority="(Roy, 2002)" authorityName="Moulin &amp; Schwarz" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Roy" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[429,675,1810,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soukana" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis box="[429,542,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">R. soukana</emphasis>
(Roy, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[680,776,1810,1836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by their comparatively shorter alae, a much weaker apical spine on bl pointing distad instead of sinistrad, and paa lacking a subapical lobe. Females of
<taxonomicName authority="Schwarz &amp; Moulin" authorityName="Schwarz &amp; Moulin" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[536,644,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">R. confusa</emphasis>
Schwarz &amp; Moulin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[232,385,1938,1964]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName authority="(Roy, 2002)" authorityName="Moulin &amp; Schwarz" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Roy" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[134,383,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Royacanthops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soukana" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis box="[134,248,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">R. soukana</emphasis>
(Roy, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[390,487,1969,1996]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by their more distinct and rounder supracoxal dilatation, the thick and rounded vs smaller triangular teeth on the metazonal margin, the flatter subapical lobe on the tegmen, and the long, digitiform (vs short triangular) apical lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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