679 lines
97 KiB
XML
679 lines
97 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E3EB9DE47FE67E62190E5F90641D9B52">Worldwide revision of the genus Fraseroscyphus Boero and Bouillon, 1993 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): an integrative approach to establish new generic diagnoses</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510426" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124551543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE09CFCE0F9F3" blockId="20.[151,874,1534,1594]" box="[151,874,1534,1560]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A28EE09CFCE0F9F3" bold="true" box="[151,874,1534,1560]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A28EE09CFD56F9F3" ID-CoL="6JMP7" authority="Trebilcock, 1928" authorityName="Trebilcock" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,732,1534,1560]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A28EE09CFE7EF9F3" bold="true" box="[151,500,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fraseroscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A01AE09CFD5EF9F3" author="Trebilcock" box="[515,724,1534,1560]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Trebilcock, R. E. (1928) Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 41, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1928">Trebilcock, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22281326534FFE7A0FDE09CFCE0F9F3" box="[740,874,1534,1560]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE343FE18F9D1" blockId="20.[151,874,1534,1594]" box="[151,402,1569,1594]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6534FFE7A287E343FE8DF9D1" box="[158,263,1569,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type samples, nematocyst and SEM scanning images. (A – C), Fraseroscyphus hozawai, A, lectotype, ZSM 20040228, paralectotype, ZSM 20041654, 20041655; (D – E) F. irregularis, (D) NMV F 57894, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (E) paralectotype, NMV F 57941; (F – G) F. macrogonus, (F) NMV F 57892.1, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (G) NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype. (H – I), nematocyst capsules of F. ho z aw ai, (H) from California, MBM 280124, (I) from China, MBM 280006, 280266, 280267, H 1 – H 10, I 1 – I 4, type I, H 11, I 5 – I 6, type II, I 4 and I 6 discharged. (J) F. irregularis, NMV F 57939.1, J 1 – J 3, type I, J 4 – J 5, type II; (K) F. macrogonus, NMV F 57892.1, K 1 – K 3, type I, K 4 – K 5, type II. (L – M) SEM images F. hozawai, (L) from California, lectotype, SBMNH 347307, (M) from China, MBM 280292. (N – O), fine groves on a female gonotheca (deformed) with acrocyst, from China, MBM 102663. Scale bars: A – C = 1 cm; D – G = 1 cm; H – K = 10 µm; L – M = 150 µm; N = 500 µm; O = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267874/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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F–G, J, 6–7)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE30BFC98F994" blockId="20.[151,1436,1641,1878]" box="[151,786,1641,1663]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A28EE30BFDEBF994" ID-CoL="4WYBQ" authority="Trebilcock, 1928: 11" authorityName="Trebilcock" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,609,1641,1663]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogona">
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<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A28EE30BFE02F994" box="[151,392,1641,1663]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sertularella macrogona</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A397E30BFDEBF994" author="Trebilcock" box="[398,609,1641,1663]" page="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A397E30BFDB7F994" author="Trebilcock" box="[398,573,1641,1663]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Trebilcock, R. E. (1928) Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 41, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1928">Trebilcock, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 11
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 1, figs. 4–4d.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE3EAFE34F957" blockId="20.[151,1436,1641,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75C7756534FFE7A28EE3EAFE34F957" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A28EE3EAFE5CF975" ID-CoL="53R2Y" box="[151,470,1672,1694]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
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<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A28EE3EAFE5CF975" box="[151,470,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Symplectoscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A3E8E3EAFD3DF975" author="Ralph" box="[497,695,1672,1694]" page="798" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A3E8E3EAFDF5F975" author="Ralph" box="[497,639,1672,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph, 1961a</bibRefCitation>
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: 798
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 14a–b; 1961b: 109.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A1FAE3EAFB2DF975" author="Dawson" box="[995,1191,1672,1694]" page="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A1FAE3EAFB0AF975" author="Dawson" box="[995,1152,1672,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Dawson, E. W. (1992) The Coelenterata of the New Zealand region: a handlist for curators, students and ecologists. Occasional papers of the Hutton Foundation, 1, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1992">Dawson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 20
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A6DDE3EAFEA5F957" author="Vervoort" page="218" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A6DDE3EAFF77F957" author="Vervoort" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 218
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs. 52A–D.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE3A7FDEBF930" blockId="20.[151,1436,1641,1878]" box="[151,609,1733,1755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75C7756534FFE7A28EE3A7FDEBF930" box="[151,609,1733,1755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A28EE3A7FE1AF930" box="[151,400,1733,1755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
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<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A28EE3A7FE1AF930" box="[151,400,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sertularella macrocarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A3B3E3A7FDD7F930" author="Stranks" box="[426,605,1733,1755]" page="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A3B3E3A7FDBDF930" author="Stranks" box="[426,567,1733,1755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Stranks, T. N. (1993) Catalogue of recent Cnidaria type specimens in the Museum of Victoria. Occasional Papers from the Museum of Victoria, 6, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1993">Stranks, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 17
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE386FEABF8F3" blockId="20.[151,1436,1641,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75C7756534FFE7A28EE386FEABF8F3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A2B0E386FE69F911" ID-CoL="53R2Y" box="[169,483,1764,1786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
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<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A2B0E386FE69F911" box="[169,483,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Symplectoscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A3E7E386FD35F911" author="Millard" box="[510,703,1764,1786]" page="219" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A3E7E386FD06F911" author="Millard" box="[510,652,1764,1786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 219
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; 1964: 51; 1975: 316, figs. 102D–G; 1978: 199.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A6D9E386FA12F911" author="Gili" box="[1216,1432,1764,1786]" page="104" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1989">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A6D9E386FAEFF911" author="Gili" box="[1216,1381,1764,1786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Gili, J. M., Vervoort, W. & Pages, F. (1989) Hydroids from the West African coast: Guinea Bissau, Namibia and South Africa. Scientia Marina, 53 (1), 67 - 112." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A6F6E387FAA9F911" box="[1263,1315,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 104
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 29B.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE243FC9EF8DC" blockId="20.[151,1436,1641,1878]" box="[151,788,1825,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75C7756534FFE7A28EE243FC9EF8DC" box="[151,788,1825,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A2B1E243FEEAF8DC" box="[168,352,1825,1847]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A2B1E243FEEAF8DC" box="[168,352,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Symplectoscyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.2—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4C64A6534FFE7A3BEE243FD4EF8DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509536" author="Galea" box="[423,708,1825,1847]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382D51C9F79FFDBFF5A23B6FD6A61E8" page="56" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A3BEE243FD2AF8DC" author="Galea" box="[423,672,1825,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 1, 19 - 67." type="journal article" year="2012">Galea & Schories, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 56
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7J.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37FB3D06534FFE7A28EE222FC96F8BD" box="[151,796,1856,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE222FC96F8BD" blockId="20.[151,1436,1641,1878]" box="[151,796,1856,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86534FFE7A2B1E222FE56F8BD" box="[168,476,1856,1878]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A2B1E222FE56F8BD" box="[168,476,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Symplectoscyphus unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6534FFE7A3ECE222FD2EF8BD" author="Galea" box="[501,676,1856,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A02FE223FDE3F8BD" box="[566,617,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al,</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8A–D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37FB3D06534FFE6A28EE2E0FBA3FE63" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE7A28EE2E0FD38F870" blockId="20.[151,1436,1922,2019]" box="[151,690,1922,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0DEA066534FFE7A28EE2E0FD38F870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308121490" box="[151,690,1922,1947]" country="New Zealand" location="St. Clair" municipality="Dunedin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A28EE2E0FEBFF870" bold="true" box="[151,309,1922,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96534FFE7A28EE2E0FF58F870" box="[151,210,1922,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EBAB6806534FFE7A325E2E1FE11F870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23:8EBAB6806534FFE7A325E2E1FE11F870" box="[316,411,1922,1947]" country="New Zealand" municipality="Dunedin" name="St. Clair" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">St. Clair</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE7A216534FFE7A3BFE2E0FD83F870" box="[422,521,1922,1947]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dunedin</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6534FFE7A00DE2E1FD24F870" box="[532,686,1922,1947]" name="New Zealand" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6534FFE6A2DEE2C4FA0CFF13" blockId="20.[151,1436,1922,2019]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0DEA066534FFE7A2DEE2C4FCC4F808" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308121496" collectionCode="NMV" collectorName="V, R. E. Trebilcock. Details" location="St. Clair" municipality="Dunedin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496534FFE7A2DEE2C4FEFCF854" bold="true" box="[199,374,1958,1983]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96534FFE7A2DEE2C4FE88F854" box="[199,258,1958,1983]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74789E6534FFE7A38AE2C5FE5EF855" box="[403,468,1959,1982]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94367DB86534FFE7A3C5E2C4FDBFF854" box="[476,565,1958,1983]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F57892" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="EnaNcbi">F57892</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96534FFE7A058E2C5FD11F854" box="[577,667,1959,1983]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, two permanent slides (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74789E6534FFE7A1B3E2C5FC67F854" box="[938,1005,1959,1983]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
F57892.1 and.2),
|
||
<location id="8EBAB6806534FFE7A6D1E2C5FAA2F854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23:8EBAB6806534FFE7A6D1E2C5FAA2F854" box="[1224,1320,1958,1983]" municipality="Dunedin" name="St. Clair" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">St. Clair</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE7A216534FFE7A72CE2C4FA12F854" box="[1333,1432,1958,1983]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dunedin</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, rock pools at low tide, 1923. IV–
|
||
<collectorName id="2690858D6534FFE7A009E2A9FCC4F808" box="[528,846,1994,2019]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">V, R. E. Trebilcock. Details</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
: NMV F57892.1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6534FFE7A604E2A8FBF7F808" box="[1053,1149,1994,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type samples, nematocyst and SEM scanning images. (A – C), Fraseroscyphus hozawai, A, lectotype, ZSM 20040228, paralectotype, ZSM 20041654, 20041655; (D – E) F. irregularis, (D) NMV F 57894, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (E) paralectotype, NMV F 57941; (F – G) F. macrogonus, (F) NMV F 57892.1, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (G) NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype. (H – I), nematocyst capsules of F. ho z aw ai, (H) from California, MBM 280124, (I) from China, MBM 280006, 280266, 280267, H 1 – H 10, I 1 – I 4, type I, H 11, I 5 – I 6, type II, I 4 and I 6 discharged. (J) F. irregularis, NMV F 57939.1, J 1 – J 3, type I, J 4 – J 5, type II; (K) F. macrogonus, NMV F 57892.1, K 1 – K 3, type I, K 4 – K 5, type II. (L – M) SEM images F. hozawai, (L) from California, lectotype, SBMNH 347307, (M) from China, MBM 280292. (N – O), fine groves on a female gonotheca (deformed) with acrocyst, from China, MBM 102663. Scale bars: A – C = 1 cm; D – G = 1 cm; H – K = 10 µm; L – M = 150 µm; N = 500 µm; O = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267874/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F), seven fragments, four male gonothecae (one originating from within the hydrothecal cavity, three growing below hydrothecae), two clinging organs, with 1–2 lobes, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D4DBE6535FFE6A06CE5DEFC91FF3F" box="[629,795,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
.—NMV F57892.2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A619E5DEFBEAFF3F" box="[1024,1120,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type samples, nematocyst and SEM scanning images. (A – C), Fraseroscyphus hozawai, A, lectotype, ZSM 20040228, paralectotype, ZSM 20041654, 20041655; (D – E) F. irregularis, (D) NMV F 57894, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (E) paralectotype, NMV F 57941; (F – G) F. macrogonus, (F) NMV F 57892.1, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (G) NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype. (H – I), nematocyst capsules of F. ho z aw ai, (H) from California, MBM 280124, (I) from China, MBM 280006, 280266, 280267, H 1 – H 10, I 1 – I 4, type I, H 11, I 5 – I 6, type II, I 4 and I 6 discharged. (J) F. irregularis, NMV F 57939.1, J 1 – J 3, type I, J 4 – J 5, type II; (K) F. macrogonus, NMV F 57892.1, K 1 – K 3, type I, K 4 – K 5, type II. (L – M) SEM images F. hozawai, (L) from California, lectotype, SBMNH 347307, (M) from China, MBM 280292. (N – O), fine groves on a female gonotheca (deformed) with acrocyst, from China, MBM 102663. Scale bars: A – C = 1 cm; D – G = 1 cm; H – K = 10 µm; L – M = 150 µm; N = 500 µm; O = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267874/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G), 14 fragments, five male gonothecae (two originating from within the hydrothecal cavity, two growing below hydrothecae, one detached).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE466FBA3FE63" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0DEA066535FFE6A2DEE466FBA3FE63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308121489" collectingDate="1926-05" collectorName="La Amistad" elevation="5" latitude="-39.85744" location="Rivers Region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.44024" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A2DEE466FD9EFEF6" bold="true" box="[199,532,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Doubtful Chilean specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Re-examined based on original photomicrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A66CE466FACBFEF6" box="[1141,1345,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A66CE466FACBFEF6" box="[1141,1345,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Symplectoscyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D4DBE6535FFE6A769E466FA16FEF6" box="[1392,1436,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A28EE445FE49FEAB" author="Galea" box="[151,451,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 1, 19 - 67." type="journal article" year="2012">Galea & Schories (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: single fragment, alcohol sample fixed through formalin, with a broken gonotheca (possibly male) and a tendrils originating from the apertures of two sperate hydrothecae,
|
||
<location id="8EBAB6806535FFE6A663E42EFA94FE8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23:8EBAB6806535FFE6A663E42EFA94FE8E" box="[1146,1310,332,357]" latitude="-39.85744" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.44024" name="Rivers Region" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rivers Region</location>
|
||
, Corral,
|
||
<collectorName id="2690858D6535FFE6A767E42FFF7CFE63" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">La Amistad</collectorName>
|
||
(San Carlos),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE51869C6535FFE6A38EE40DFDAEFE63" box="[407,548,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-39.85744">39.85744° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE51869C6535FFE6A029E412FD4CFE6C" box="[560,710,368,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-73.44024">73.44024° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004807686535FFE6A0C8E40DFD74FE6C" box="[721,766,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D4DBE6535FFE6A0C8E40DFD74FE6C" box="[721,766,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 2010.
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9F3F736535FFE6A149E412FC04FE63" box="[848,910,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1926-05">
|
||
<date id="FFDBC69B6535FFE6A149E412FC04FE63" box="[848,910,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1926-05">V. 26</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, Horia Galea.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37FB3D06535FFE6A2DEE4F6FB20FAE6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE4F6FDD1FE1E" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A2DEE4F6FE5FFE46" bold="true" box="[199,469,404,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lectotype designation.</emphasis>
|
||
—Lectotype, a fragment on the slide NMV F57892.1 as shown by an arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A74AE4F6FF2EFE3B" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type samples, nematocyst and SEM scanning images. (A – C), Fraseroscyphus hozawai, A, lectotype, ZSM 20040228, paralectotype, ZSM 20041654, 20041655; (D – E) F. irregularis, (D) NMV F 57894, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (E) paralectotype, NMV F 57941; (F – G) F. macrogonus, (F) NMV F 57892.1, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (G) NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype. (H – I), nematocyst capsules of F. ho z aw ai, (H) from California, MBM 280124, (I) from China, MBM 280006, 280266, 280267, H 1 – H 10, I 1 – I 4, type I, H 11, I 5 – I 6, type II, I 4 and I 6 discharged. (J) F. irregularis, NMV F 57939.1, J 1 – J 3, type I, J 4 – J 5, type II; (K) F. macrogonus, NMV F 57892.1, K 1 – K 3, type I, K 4 – K 5, type II. (L – M) SEM images F. hozawai, (L) from California, lectotype, SBMNH 347307, (M) from China, MBM 280292. (N – O), fine groves on a female gonotheca (deformed) with acrocyst, from China, MBM 102663. Scale bars: A – C = 1 cm; D – G = 1 cm; H – K = 10 µm; L – M = 150 µm; N = 500 µm; O = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267874/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F, the best fertile fragment, male.—Paralectotype, the remaining fragments on slide NMV F57892.1 and F57892.2, all fertile fragments are male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE49DFD67FDF3" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,749,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A2DEE49DFEFCFDF3" bold="true" box="[199,374,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
. Full details are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E7D5E06535FFE6A08DE49DFD63FDF3" box="[660,745,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,239,692,715]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements of the species of the genus Fraseroscyphus." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE746FD7FFC06" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A2DEE746FED3FDD6" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Trophosome. Hydrocaulus small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A0F8E746FCCBFDD7" box="[737,833,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type samples, nematocyst and SEM scanning images. (A – C), Fraseroscyphus hozawai, A, lectotype, ZSM 20040228, paralectotype, ZSM 20041654, 20041655; (D – E) F. irregularis, (D) NMV F 57894, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (E) paralectotype, NMV F 57941; (F – G) F. macrogonus, (F) NMV F 57892.1, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (G) NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype. (H – I), nematocyst capsules of F. ho z aw ai, (H) from California, MBM 280124, (I) from China, MBM 280006, 280266, 280267, H 1 – H 10, I 1 – I 4, type I, H 11, I 5 – I 6, type II, I 4 and I 6 discharged. (J) F. irregularis, NMV F 57939.1, J 1 – J 3, type I, J 4 – J 5, type II; (K) F. macrogonus, NMV F 57892.1, K 1 – K 3, type I, K 4 – K 5, type II. (L – M) SEM images F. hozawai, (L) from California, lectotype, SBMNH 347307, (M) from China, MBM 280292. (N – O), fine groves on a female gonotheca (deformed) with acrocyst, from China, MBM 102663. Scale bars: A – C = 1 cm; D – G = 1 cm; H – K = 10 µm; L – M = 150 µm; N = 500 µm; O = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267874/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G), monosiphonic, erect, slightly zigzag, with two to six transverse annulations at base, sparingly and irregularly branched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A613E725FBFBFD8B" box="[1034,1137,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H), hydrocladium usually growing directly out of hydrocaulus beneath hydrotheca, without axillary hydrotheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A67EE70EFB42FD6E" box="[1127,1224,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H), or infrequently originating from within the hydrothecal cavity. Regular and oblique nodes on hydrocaulus and hydrocladium, each internode slightly constricted at the end and bearing a hydrotheca; some hydrocauli or hydrocladia bending irregularly, resembling tendrils, hydrotheca absent or with infrequent hydrotheca, with abundant annulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A287E79EFF75FCFE" box="[158,255,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Hydrothecae alternately arranged in two longitudinal rows usually forming an angle of 40–60º (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A748E79EFF2FFCD3" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B), sometimes almost in one plane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A070E67DFD41FCD3" box="[617,715,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C) or infrequently spirally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A613E67DFBE7FCD3" box="[1034,1133,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G); hydrotheca tubular, no wrinkles or lines on surface, a third of adcauline part adnate, bending outwards distally; some hydrothecae with fenestrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A312E605FEE1FC6B" box="[267,363,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E, G); margin with three cusps, one adcauline and two lateral abcauline, abcauline cusps larger; the inner perisarc of some cusps thickened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A093E6EEFD61FC4E" box="[650,747,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C), usually only an adcauline cusp and an outer abcauline cusp thickened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A356E6CDFE3BFC23" box="[335,433,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
K); operculum composed of three triangular flaps forming a pyramid; retracted hydranth with poorly developed abcauline caecum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A069E6B6FD5BFC06" box="[624,721,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE695FE71FBB3" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Clinging organ. Only a pair of opposing clinging organs were found at the base of a hydrocaulus in the type material, resembling one or two bubbly lobes opening distally with a very thin perisarc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A673E17EFB43FBDE" box="[1130,1225,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="FFDBC69B6535FFE6A6A2E17EFB43FBDE" box="[1211,1225,1052,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">6</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I–J), accompanied by annulations in nearby nodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE106FB69FB03" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Gonosome. Male gonothecae relatively large, four to five times the size of a hydrotheca, generally originating from within the hydrothecal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A033E1E5FD00FB4B" box="[554,650,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D), or growing from the fenestra beneath a hydrotheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A6E0E1E5FAD2FB4B" box="[1273,1368,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E, G), pedicellate, with a short distal neck constricting towards the distal end; male gonothecae shaped like inverted cones, broadening upwards, top flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A06BE1ADFD59FB03" box="[626,723,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Female gonothecae absent in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A650E1B3FBF3FB02" box="[1097,1145,1233,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE197FB20FAE6" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1194,1268,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Nematocysts. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A387E197FE56FAE6" box="[414,476,1269,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, capsule spindle-shaped, varying in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6535FFE6A1DFE196FBA5FAE7" box="[966,1071,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,338,1423]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type samples, nematocyst and SEM scanning images. (A – C), Fraseroscyphus hozawai, A, lectotype, ZSM 20040228, paralectotype, ZSM 20041654, 20041655; (D – E) F. irregularis, (D) NMV F 57894, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (E) paralectotype, NMV F 57941; (F – G) F. macrogonus, (F) NMV F 57892.1, the arrow showing the lectotype, the others paralectotype, (G) NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype. (H – I), nematocyst capsules of F. ho z aw ai, (H) from California, MBM 280124, (I) from China, MBM 280006, 280266, 280267, H 1 – H 10, I 1 – I 4, type I, H 11, I 5 – I 6, type II, I 4 and I 6 discharged. (J) F. irregularis, NMV F 57939.1, J 1 – J 3, type I, J 4 – J 5, type II; (K) F. macrogonus, NMV F 57892.1, K 1 – K 3, type I, K 4 – K 5, type II. (L – M) SEM images F. hozawai, (L) from California, lectotype, SBMNH 347307, (M) from China, MBM 280292. (N – O), fine groves on a female gonotheca (deformed) with acrocyst, from China, MBM 102663. Scale bars: A – C = 1 cm; D – G = 1 cm; H – K = 10 µm; L – M = 150 µm; N = 500 µm; O = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267874/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K, 6L–M).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37FB3D06535FFE6A2DEE075FE36FA0F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE075FE36FA0F" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A2DEE075FEEAFADB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1303,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Distributed on the east coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A12EB96535FFE6A0D5E075FC84FADB" box="[716,782,1303,1328]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6535FFE6A10CE07BFC3AFADB" box="[789,944,1303,1328]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
: St. Clair Dunedin, Kaikoura drift (P.M.R.), Taylors Mistake near Christchurch (G. Knox) and Little Papanui near N.E. end of beach (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A697E05EFAC6FABF" author="Trebilcock" box="[1166,1356,1340,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Trebilcock, R. E. (1928) Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 41, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1928">Trebilcock 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A740E05EFF54FA93" author="Ralph" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph 1961a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A2F3E003FD83FA93" author="Vervoort" box="[234,521,1376,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The validity of the records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6535FFE6A192E03DFB91FA93" box="[907,1051,1375,1400]" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A12EB96535FFE6A192E03DFC46FA93" box="[907,972,1375,1400]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A633E03DFB49FA93" author="Millard" box="[1066,1219,1375,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A6D7E03DFA83FA93" author="Millard" box="[1230,1289,1375,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of The South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A70DE03DFAC5FA93" author="Millard" box="[1300,1359,1375,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A742E002FA1EFA93" author="Millard" box="[1371,1428,1376,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of The South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) could not be determined as material was not re-examined. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6535FFE6A194E0E6FC40FA76" box="[909,970,1412,1437]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
records identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A6C9E0E6FE92FA2B" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A6C9E0E6FE92FA2B" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Symplectoscyphus unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A35DE0C5FDD4FA2B" author="Galea" box="[324,606,1447,1472]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 1, 19 - 67." type="journal article" year="2012">Galea & Schories (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A08FE0C5FCE1FA2B" box="[662,875,1447,1472]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A0C6E0CBFC93FA2B" box="[735,793,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should be investigated by re-examination of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A775E0CBFA16FA2A" box="[1388,1436,1449,1473]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A301E0AFFE3FFA0E" box="[280,437,1484,1509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A301E0AFFE3FFA0E" box="[280,437,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37FB3D06535FFE4A2DEE08DFD36FC23" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE08DFC4DF973" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A2DEE08DFEB1F9E3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1519,1544]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the catalogue of Cnidaria
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A09AE093FD34F9E2" box="[643,702,1521,1545]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in the Museum of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A12EB96535FFE6A18CE08DFC65F9E3" box="[917,1007,1519,1544]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A1E4E08DFB00F9E3" author="Strank" box="[1021,1162,1519,1544]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Stranks, T. N. (1993) Catalogue of recent Cnidaria type specimens in the Museum of Victoria. Occasional Papers from the Museum of Victoria, 6, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1993">Strank 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A70EE08DFE55F9C7" authority="Trebilcock, 1928" authorityName="Trebilcock" authorityYear="1928" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A70EE08DFE9FF9C7" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sertularella macrogona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A307E376FE55F9C7" author="Trebilcock" box="[286,479,1556,1581]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Trebilcock, R. E. (1928) Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 41, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1928">Trebilcock, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A000E376FC2AF9C7" authority="Bale, 1884" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1884" box="[537,928,1556,1581]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A000E376FC91F9C7" box="[537,795,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sertularia macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
Bale, 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported to be transposed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A700E376FEA5F9BB" author="Vervoort" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This was verified after re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A15DE35BFCFEF9BA" box="[836,884,1593,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. We can confirm that NMV
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94367DB86535FFE6A707E355FAF9F9BB" box="[1310,1395,1591,1616]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F57892" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="EnaNcbi">F57892</accessionNumber>
|
||
(as two slides, NMV F57892.1 and NMV F57892.2) is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A13FE33FFCDCF99E" box="[806,854,1629,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A1EBE33EFA8AF99F" box="[1010,1280,1628,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A1EBE33EFA8AF99F" box="[1010,1280,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sertularella macrogona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while NMV
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94367DB86535FFE6A28EE31DFF66F973" box="[151,236,1663,1688]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F58805" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="EnaNcbi">F58805</accessionNumber>
|
||
and NMV
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94367DB86535FFE6A372E31DFE4BF973" box="[363,449,1663,1688]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F58806" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="EnaNcbi">F58806</accessionNumber>
|
||
are the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A003E3E3FDC0F972" box="[538,586,1665,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
slides for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A0D9E31DFC4AF973" box="[704,960,1663,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A0D9E31DFC4AF973" box="[704,960,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sertularia macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE6A2DEE3C6FA99F853" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A2DEE3C6FEE3F956" author="Millard" box="[199,361,1700,1725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A36EE3C6FE38F956" author="Millard" box="[375,434,1700,1725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of The South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A3A6E3C6FE70F956" author="Millard" box="[447,506,1700,1725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A011E3C6FDCBF957" author="Millard" box="[520,577,1700,1724]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of The South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A0A2E3C6FC75F957" box="[699,1023,1700,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A0A2E3C6FC75F957" box="[699,1023,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fraseroscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A62DE3C6FA18F957" box="[1076,1426,1700,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A62DE3C6FA18F957" box="[1076,1426,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Symplectoscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from South Africa. Her samples developed into shrubby colonies generated by abundant tendrils originating from within the hydrothecal cavity. They were characterized by three intrathecal teeth sometimes present alternating with marginal cusps. Several tendrils existed in the type material although they were overlooked by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A73DE26DFF6FF8A7" author="Trebilcock" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Trebilcock, R. E. (1928) Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 41, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1928">Trebilcock (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It was clear that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A3B0E256FDC5F8A6" author="Millard" box="[425,591,1844,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had not mistaken the thickened part of the marginal cusps as internal teeth, because in her illustration (Figure 102 F), she drew both characters alternating in the same hydrotheca. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6535FFE6A28EE21EFEB6F87E" author="Millard" box="[151,316,1916,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that internal teeth were not a constant character and varied in her samples, and she could not rely on this character to separate her samples into a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86535FFE6A61BE2C2FA81F853" box="[1026,1291,1952,1977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496535FFE6A61BE2C2FA81F853" box="[1026,1291,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sertularella macrogona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6535FFE5A2DEE2A7FC54FDFC" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Two thickenings of marginal cusps in hydrothecae were very often found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96535FFE6A6CCE2A7FA8FF836" box="[1237,1285,1989,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86536FFE5A28EE5F5FE57FF5B" box="[151,477,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496536FFE5A28EE5F5FE57FF5B" box="[151,477,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fraseroscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6536FFE5A3E9E5F5FDDFFF5B" box="[496,597,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C, K), during re-examination using a compound microscope. We are certain that the thickening of marginal cusps is different from the intrathecal teeth illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A6D7E5DEFAFEFF3E" author="Millard" box="[1230,1396,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A12EB96536FFE5A2DAE5BDFE8FFF13" box="[195,261,223,248]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African records.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A3C9E5BDFDF9FF13" author="Ralph" box="[464,627,223,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
accepted Millard's records, and adopted the characters of tendrils and internal teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A323E466FE5BFEF6" author="Millard" box="[314,465,260,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of The South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to the descriptions of her
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6536FFE5A11AE467FC13FEF6" box="[771,921,260,285]" name="New Zealand" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
samples. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A665E466FA94FEF6" author="Ralph" box="[1148,1310,260,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that her samples did not have internal teeth, she drew an illustration (Figure 14b) showing two thickenings of marginal cusps in a specific hydrotheca, which followed the same arrangement as that in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96536FFE5A6B6E42FFB55FE8E" box="[1199,1247,333,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135EFCDE6536FFE5A748E42EFF2CFE63" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,590,1782]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fraseroscyphus macrogonus. (A – C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L – M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F 57892.1; A – D, F, H, NMV F 57892.2, paralectotype; E, I – M, NMV F 57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A – I = 0.5 mm; J – K = 0.2 mm; L – M = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
K). When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A307E412FDC5FE63" author="Vervoort" box="[286,591,368,392]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-examined Ralph's samples, they also found no internal teeth, but drew thickenings of marginal cusps in Figure 52A. We conclude that thickenings of marginal cusps in hydrothecae are common in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96536FFE5A34FE4DAFE0CFE3B" box="[342,390,440,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6536FFE5A06CE4DAFC9AFE3B" box="[629,784,439,464]" name="New Zealand" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
records (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A19AE4D5FB91FE3B" author="Ralph" box="[899,1051,439,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph 1961a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6536FFE5A635E4DAFAD3FE3B" author="Vervoort" box="[1068,1369,440,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The reported presence of three clear intrathecal teeth in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A12EB96536FFE5A12AE4BEFCFEFE1E" box="[819,884,476,501]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African records indicates the need for further examination before the material can be reliably assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86536FFE5A12AE763FC5DFDF3" box="[819,983,513,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496536FFE5A12AE763FC5DFDF3" box="[819,983,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F. macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1AB0D36536FFE5A28EE26EFEAAF831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267877/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[170,1426,596,1780]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6536FFE5A28EE26EFEAAF831" blockId="22.[151,1436,1804,2010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496536FFE5A28EE26EFE9EF8CA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1804,1826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86536FFE5A305E26EFDCAF8C9" box="[284,576,1804,1826]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496536FFE5A305E26EFDCAF8C9" box="[284,576,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fraseroscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A–C) arrangement of hydrothecae, (A) in an angle, (B) in an angle and almost in one plane, (C) almost in one plane; (D) male gonotheca; (E) male gonotheca growing at base a hydrotheca; (F) immature gonotheca; (G) lower part of a colony, showing annulations, fenestrae and a gonotheca; (H) hydrocaulus and hydrocladium; (I) two juvenile clinging organs on lower part of a hydrocaulus; (J) magnification of the clinging organs; (K) an abcauline caecum and two thickenings of marginal cusps in a hydrotheca; (L–M) nematocyst capsules. Samples: G, lectotype, on NMV F57892.1; A–D, F, H, NMV F57892.2, paralectotype; E, I–M, NMV F57892.1, paralectotype. Scale Bars: A–I = 0.5 mm; J–K = 0.2 mm; L–M = 5 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6537FFE4A2DEE5FAFD37FE47" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0DEA066537FFE4A2DEE5FAFD37FE47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308121502" country="Namibia" elevation="298" location="Gili" municipality="We" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE7A216537FFE4A2DEE5FAFF66FF44" box="[199,236,152,175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">We</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
are also not sure about the records by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A0A8E5F5FCFEFF5B" box="[689,884,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Gili, J. M., Vervoort, W. & Pages, F. (1989) Hydroids from the West African coast: Guinea Bissau, Namibia and South Africa. Scientia Marina, 53 (1), 67 - 112." type="journal article">
|
||
<location id="8EBAB6806537FFE4A0A8E5F5FD57FF5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC514D6534FFE4A28EE09CFD36FC23:8EBAB6806537FFE4A0A8E5F5FD57FF5B" box="[689,733,151,176]" country="Namibia" municipality="We" name="Gili" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="West">Gili</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A0FCE5FBFCAAFF5B" box="[741,800,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that were based on samples without gonotheca, collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6537FFE4A35BE5DEFE2FFF3E" box="[322,421,188,213]" name="Namibia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A12EB96537FFE4A3A8E5DFFE62FF3F" box="[433,488,189,212]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa at depths of
|
||
<elevation id="004807686537FFE4A0D5E5DEFCC5FF3F" box="[716,847,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" metricValueMax="4.29" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="298.0" valueMax="429.0" valueMin="167.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D4DBE6537FFE4A0D5E5DEFCC5FF3F" box="[716,847,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" metricValueMax="4.29" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="298.0" valueMax="429.0" valueMin="167.0">167–429 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
. Some characteristics of their samples are similar to certain colonies or fragments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A016E5BDFCDEFF13" box="[527,852,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A016E5BDFCDEFF13" box="[527,852,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fraseroscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., hydrocauli unbranched, slightly zigzag, with irregular oblique nodes, hydrothecae strictly arranged in one plane; however, the hydrothecae in their samples appear to be more slender than of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96537FFE4A05DE44AFDFEFEAB" box="[580,628,296,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, clear intrathecal teeth are present in the hydrothecae, and this bathymetric distribution appears to be much deeper than that of other known specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A696E42FFAB1FE8F" box="[1167,1339,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A696E42FFABDFE8F" box="[1167,1335,333,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">F. macrogonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Without further examination of samples with gonotheca, we cannot confirm whether these records are just normal variations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A2ACE4F7FED0FE47" box="[181,346,405,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A2ACE4F7FED0FE47" box="[181,346,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or belong to a separate species.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAE05B6537FFE4A2DEE4D5FD36FC23" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A2DEE4D5FE3FFE3B" box="[199,437,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A301E4DBFED0FE3B" box="[280,346,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A02CE4D5FCC0FE3B" box="[565,842,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A02CE4D5FCC0FE3B" box="[565,842,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella macrogona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(revised into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A619E4D5FAC6FE3B" box="[1024,1356,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A619E4D5FAC6FE3B" box="[1024,1356,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fraseroscyphus macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A28EE4BEFDD9FE1F" authority="Jaderholm, 1904" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,595,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A28EE4BEFE06FE1E" box="[151,396,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A38DE4BEFDD9FE1F" author="Jaderholm" box="[404,595,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 4 (3), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A096E4BEFB85FE1F" authority="Bartlett, 1907" authorityName="Bartlett" authorityYear="1907" box="[655,1039,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rentoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A096E4BEFCE7FE1F" box="[655,877,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella rentoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A16DE4BEFB85FE1F" author="Bartlett" box="[884,1039,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Bartlett, G. C. (1907) Notes on hydroid zoophytes. The Geelong Naturalist, 3, 35 - 45." type="journal article" year="1907">Bartlett, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A6C9E4BEFE76FDF3" authority="Lamouroux, 1824" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A6C9E4BEFE92FDF3" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symplectoscyphus unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Lamouroux, 1824)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the characteristic shape of their gonotheca as reported in published data. Such data, however, had been interpreted differently in previous studies.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A618E746FB25FDD7" author="Bartlett" box="[1025,1199,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Bartlett, G. C. (1907) Notes on hydroid zoophytes. The Geelong Naturalist, 3, 35 - 45." type="journal article" year="1907">Bartlett (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A6D9E746FAEDFDD6" author="Ralph" box="[1216,1383,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A28EE72AFE4EFD8B" author="Vervoort" box="[151,452,584,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention the thickening of marginal cusps or intrathecal teeth in the samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A28EE70EFEF8FD6F" box="[151,370,620,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rentoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A28EE70EFEF8FD6F" box="[151,370,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella rentoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A399E70EFDAAFD6E" author="Ralph" box="[384,544,620,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961 a) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. - Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Ralph (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A04EE70FFC0BFD6F" author="Vervoort" box="[599,897,620,644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A1E8E70EFB41FD6F" box="[1009,1227,620,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rentoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A1E8E70EFB41FD6F" box="[1009,1227,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella rentoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A79EE70FFEAAFD43" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A79EE70FFEAAFD43" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A329E7EDFD83FD43" box="[304,521,655,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A362E7F3FE3FFD43" box="[379,437,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A0DCE7EDFCECFD43" author="Billard" box="[709,870,655,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Billard, A. (1909) Revision des especes types d'hydroides de la collection Lamouroux conservee a l'Institut Botanique de Caen. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 9, 9, 307 - 336." type="journal article" year="1909">Billard (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96537FFE4A608E7F2FBCBFD43" box="[1041,1089,656,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A6C9E7EDFE92FD26" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A6C9E7EDFE92FD26" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symplectoscyphus unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and illustrated clear intrathecal teeth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A0D6E7D6FC2DFD27" box="[719,935,692,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A100E7D7FCD9FD26" box="[793,851,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also illustrated clear intrathecal teeth in the record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A317E7B5FDEDFD1B" box="[270,615,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A317E7B5FDEDFD1B" box="[270,615,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symplectoscyphus unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F372A0CB6537FFE4A0ACE7B5FD7FFD1B" box="[693,757,727,752]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A11CE7B5FC5BFD1B" box="[773,977,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A11CE7B5FC5BFD1B" box="[773,977,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symplectoscyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2, another Chilian specimen, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A28EE79EFE4FFCFF" author="Galea" box="[151,453,764,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from Central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 1, 19 - 67." type="journal article" year="2012">Galea and Schories (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was later also treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A0FCE79FFC0EFCFE" box="[741,900,764,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A0FCE79FFC0EFCFE" box="[741,900,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A1A8E79EFB0DFCFF" box="[945,1159,764,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A1E2E79FFBBFFCFE" box="[1019,1077,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because of these shared characters. The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A05CE67DFC73FCD3" authority="Jaderholm, 1904" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" box="[581,1017,799,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A05CE67DFCB2FCD3" box="[581,824,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A126E67DFC73FCD3" author="Jaderholm" box="[831,1017,799,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 4 (3), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poor, but from the illustrations, the hydrothecal arrangement and gonotheca are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A0E7E627FC29FCB7" box="[766,931,837,860]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A0E7E627FC29FCB7" box="[766,931,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a result, only based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96537FFE4A711E627FAB2FCB6" box="[1288,1336,837,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A2AFE60BFED6FC6B" box="[182,348,873,896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A2AFE60BFED6FC6B" box="[182,348,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male) we examined, we could not make a conclusion about its relationship with the remaining nominal species provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49DAA6537FFE4A3C7E6EEFD38FC4F" box="[478,690,908,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A03CE6EFFDD7FC4E" box="[549,605,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Our redescription of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE5EF96537FFE4A1D7E6EFFC74FC4E" box="[974,1022,909,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C659BD86537FFE4A69CE6EFFAA0FC4F" box="[1157,1322,909,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Fraseroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrogonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9113C496537FFE4A69CE6EFFAA0FC4F" box="[1157,1322,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. macrogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hopefully will help to resolve these issues in future studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |