plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/8D/DA/038DDA73FFDBFE64066AF8B3FABF4C3C.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

498 lines
71 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="6023600ED03C38B6C5CBF385B9BD542D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5275" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5101757" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626265680997" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre &amp; Dumitrica, Paulian" docDate="2021" docId="038DDA73FFDBFE64066AF8B3FABF4C3C" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.15.405-573.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acanthodesmioidea Haeckel 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="484" masterDocId="FFB4A20BFF94FE350535FFD1FFF94F6C" masterDocTitle="A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts" masterLastPageNumber="573" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="482" updateTime="1699036812067" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
<mods:mods id="80C8759EC5486021F877CCAF1FBD210A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="02529487038146E9FCCE995DD9AB9F2C">
<mods:title id="19B2FC40BB8A845148A9FAC2D4CB3BDF">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A3588E41E3AF269EC82F9F000204E5E3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="37668AA230CA5BF939C00E49D61070BA">
<mods:roleTerm id="C17BF99D92B00786EF1842B4F8939C23">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BC40623DBC4391B7CA622D43D1DCAE02">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="67E074AD68855338B92A7497244F6118" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3213DD021F44D2048247EC62C3AB073F">
<mods:roleTerm id="0D6C89693538A86E77387E8AC9A6222B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A50A4D08A4AF56397C9181875CA161CF">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="30DFEF1325226C0EE86FC1833A62EBE0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2E3463D8994779D9E90DD427BE190C2E">
<mods:roleTerm id="671823BA8485E8F580F7A9410622F1B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="82CF526DB9D6731BA96FAC8F3344E8B7">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D097AEE3DF7E3786D706376778649615">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1D3612C5B42787BDEF7D8312D6E214F1" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2B2F9E543B4465F9BB68C6F9F1267B33">
<mods:title id="D4998C2417D057160133B0165208365C">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F4ED0E0465C29A77C279E938E519E606">
<mods:date id="F85382F653D6127087D5FE092100D5BE">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5530CC2E987F27F142957CF0926AFC39" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="440785539E20BCA50EFCDE380B3E7201">2021-07-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C0F76A8FEBE0CEBD0CFC6118B71DA625" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4160452AE1C0CA009890C186BB5D3385">43</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8F694DB857B8A1FE662663E7D5FC1DC5" type="issue">
<mods:number id="EC94110F1110B9606ABA5612A4436900">15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F3838B973E314AC502944F3DD71C73C0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B0935CAD78A37FA07CCDAAB3A04836E2">405</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1009AA17BE03A2000D0C338010F69363">573</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="0FE789DDF009DE46281A7966F77A2237">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1AA18EEA4908DA257B4951CF07108EB0" type="CLB-Dataset">5275</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8F52635E056AFE7201C01991B9F46013" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C32631703C1CB1A6362B46A46B3E3B63" type="GBIF-Dataset">a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B717FA3680EEE913026DDB3A9B44127D" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="542FDFCF7553672ADA4855CF2E766A08" type="Zenodo-Dep">5101757</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3FFAD6B2DD05B55F6114CC16BBEEDBE4" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038DDA73FFDBFE64066AF8B3FABF4C3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FFDBFE64066AF8B3FABF4C3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FFDBFE64066AF8B3FABF4C3C" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="79" pageNumber="482">
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFDBFE7A066AF8B3FA854810" box="[863,1404,1890,1917]" pageId="79" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFDBFE7A066AF8B3FA854810" blockId="79.[863,1404,1890,1917]" box="[863,1404,1890,1917]" pageId="79" pageNumber="482">
<heading id="D0D3DC09FFDBFE7A066AF8B3FA854810" box="[863,1404,1890,1917]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="482" reason="7">
Superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFDBFE7A06DDF8B2FA854810" authority="Haeckel, 1862" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[1000,1404,1890,1917]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="79" pageNumber="482" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">
ACANTHODESMIOIDEA
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFDBFE7A01EAF8B3FA854810" author="HAECKEL E." box="[1247,1404,1890,1916]" pageId="79" pageNumber="482" refId="ref179095" refString="HAECKEL E. 1862. - Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria). Eine Monographie. Reimer, Berlin, 572 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10155" type="book" year="1862">Haeckel, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFDBFE650618F84FFDE54915" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="79" pageNumber="482" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFDBFE7A0618F84FFC4D4887" blockId="79.[813,1455,1950,2027]" pageId="79" pageNumber="482">
Acanthodesmida
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFDBFE7A06E8F84FFB5048DA" author="HAECKEL E." box="[989,1193,1950,1974]" pageId="79" pageNumber="482" refId="ref179095" refString="HAECKEL E. 1862. - Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria). Eine Monographie. Reimer, Berlin, 572 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10155" type="book" year="1862">Haeckel, 1862: 237</bibRefCitation>
, 265-266 [as both family and tribe]; 1882: 445 [as a tribe]; 1887: 970, 973 [as a subfamily of Coronida].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FF06FCF14E48" blockId="80.[130,776,215,292]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyridina
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505D7FF06FE554F83" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[226,428,215,239]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg, 1846: 385</bibRefCitation>
[
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE650482FF09FDC34F83" box="[439,570,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">nomen nudum</emphasis>
, as a family];1847: 54 [as a family]; 1876: 156 [in
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6504B7FF20FE014E65" ID-CoL="84JYD" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[386,504,241,265]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="order">Spumellaria</taxonomicName>
].— Schomburgk 1847: 124, 126 [as a family]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65047FFEDDFD884E48" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[330,625,268,292]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref191990" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1981. - Nassellarian radiolarians from the world oceans. Nauka, Leningradskoe Otdelenie, Leningrad, USSR, Publications of the Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 405 p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">Petrushevskaya 1981: 327-328</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FEEAFEDC4EB4" blockId="80.[132,777,315,472]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyrida –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505D7FEEAFE634E38" author="HAECKEL E." box="[226,410,315,340]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel 1882: 440</bibRefCitation>
[
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE650492FEEDFDD74E3F" box="[423,558,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">nomen nudum</emphasis>
, as a family]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6507F9FEEAFEE64E02" author="LANKESTER E. R." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="830 - 866" refId="ref184227" refString="LANKESTER E. R. 1885. - Protozoa, in R. S. W. (ed.), The Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9 th Edition. Vol. 19. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh: 830 - 866. https: // digital. nls. uk / 194071193" type="book chapter" year="1885">Lankester 1885: 850</bibRefCitation>
[as a family]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504E5FE87FCFE4E02" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[464,775,342,366]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref191721" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1971 a. - Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the World Ocean. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Issledovaniya Fauny Morei 9 (17): 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya 1971a: 240-243</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]; 1971b: 990 [as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65076FFEA1FEBA4ECF" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. &amp; KOZLOVA G. E." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="495 - 648" refId="ref192143" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. &amp; KOZLOVA G. E. 1972. - Radiolaria: Leg 14, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in HAYES D. E., PIMM A. C. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 14. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 495 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 14.116.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Petrushevskaya &amp; Kozlova 1972: 529</bibRefCitation>
. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650445FE5AFD5B4ECF" author="RIEDEL W. R. &amp; SANFILIPPO A." box="[368,674,395,419]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="847 - 912" refId="ref194090" refString="RIEDEL W. R. &amp; SANFILIPPO A. 1977. - Cainozoic Radiolaria, in RAMSAY A. T. S. (ed.), Oceanic Micropalaeontology. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London / New York / San Francisco: 847 - 912." type="book chapter" year="1977">Riedel &amp; Sanfilippo 1977: 868</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]. — Anderson 1983: 39-40 [as a suborder]. — Sanfilippo
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE6505B1FE11FF4A4EB4" box="[132,179,448,472]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
1985: 661.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FE3EFD6B4C46" blockId="80.[131,776,495,810]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyroidea –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505CBFE3EFE554D6B" author="HAECKEL E." box="[254,428,495,519]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="18 - 36" refId="ref179279" refString="HAECKEL E. 1884. - Uber die Ordnungen der Radiolarien. Sitzungsberichte der Jenaischen Gessellschaft fur Medicin und Naturwissenschaft, Jena, fur das Jahr 1883: 18 - 36." type="journal article" year="1884">Haeckel 1884: 31</bibRefCitation>
[
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65048EFE21FDBC4D6B" box="[443,581,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">nomen nudum</emphasis>
, as a family]; 1887: 895 1015-1021 [as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504C1FDDBFD3A4D4E" author="BUTSCHLI O." box="[500,707,522,546]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1946 - 2004" refId="ref170184" refString="BUTSCHLI O. 1889. - Kurze Ubersicht des Systems der Radiolaria, in BRONN H. G. &amp; HOFFMANN C. K. (eds), Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, Band 1, Protozoa. Vol. 3. C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg: 1946 - 2004. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14134" type="book chapter" year="1889">Bütschli 1889: 1979</bibRefCitation>
[as an order]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505C7FDF5FE4F4D50" author="HAECKER V." box="[242,438,548,572]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="336 - 476" refId="ref179452" refString="HAECKER V. 1908. - Tiefsee-Radiolarien. Spezieller Teil. Die Tripyleen, Collodarienund Mikroradiolarien der Tiefsee, in CHUN C. (ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 1899. Vol. 14, Jena, Germany: 336 - 476. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3441590" type="book chapter" year="1908">Haecker 1908: 445</bibRefCitation>
[as a rank between suborder and family]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505C8FDEEFE494D3B" author="CALKINS G. N." box="[253,432,575,599]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref170735" refString="CALKINS G. N. 1909. - Protozoology. Lea &amp; Febiger, New York, 349 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62800" type="book" year="1909">Calkins 1909: 41</bibRefCitation>
[as an order]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650758FDEEFF104D1D" author="LANKESTER E. R. &amp; HICKSON S. J. &amp; LISTER J. J. &amp; GAMBLE F. W. &amp; WILLEY A. &amp; WOODCOCK H. M. &amp; WELDON W. F. R." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref184282" refString="LANKESTER E. R., HICKSON S. J., LISTER J. J., GAMBLE F. W., WILLEY A., WOODCOCK H. M. &amp; WELDON W. F. R. 1909. - A Treatise on Zoology. Part I. Introduction and Protozoa. First Fascicle. Adam &amp; Charles Black, London, 296 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 21118768" type="book" year="1909">
Lankester
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE6507E0FDEEFCF14D3B" box="[725,776,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
1909: 147
</bibRefCitation>
[as an order]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504A7FD88FDB34D1D" author="SCHRODER O." box="[402,586,601,625]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="67 - 146" refId="ref196478" refString="SCHRODER O. 1914. - Die nordischen Nassellarian, in BRANDT K. &amp; APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 67 - 146." type="book chapter" year="1914">Schröder 1914: 90</bibRefCitation>
, 141-142 [as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505D2FDA5FE754DE0" author="DACQUE E." box="[231,396,628,652]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref172694" refString="DACQUE E. 1933. - Wirbellose des Jura, in GURICH G. (ed.), Leitfossilen. Vol. 7. Verlag von Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin: 1 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1933">Dacque 1933: 42</bibRefCitation>
[rank unknown]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650766FDA5FF244DCA" author="CLARK B. L. &amp; CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref172481" refString="CLARK B. L. &amp; CAMPBELL A. S. 1942. - Eocene radiolarian faunas from the Monte Diablo area, California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 39: 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 39" type="journal article" year="1942">Clark &amp; Campbell 1942: 53</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]; 1945: 29. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650730FD5FFF644DAD" author="CAMPBELL A. S. &amp; CLARK B. L." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref170861" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. &amp; CLARK B. L. 1944 a. - Radiolaria from Upper Cretaceous of Middle California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 57: 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 57" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell &amp; Clark 1944a: 33</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]; 1944b: 21. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504EDFD79FD2D4DAD" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[472,724,680,705]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="389 - 436" refId="ref172838" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1953. - Radiolaires fossiles, in GRASSE P. P. (ed.), Traite de Zoologie. Vol. 1. Masson, Paris: 389 - 436." type="book chapter" year="1953">Deflandre 1953: 430-431</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650411FD12FE204DB7" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[292,473,707,731]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 176</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily]. — Anderson 1983: 29. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65043CFD0CFDD64D9A" author="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M." box="[265,559,733,758]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="283 - 295" refId="ref170614" refString="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M. 1985. - 2. Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., HUTNER S. H. &amp; BOVEE E. C. (eds), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence Kansas: 283 - 295." type="book chapter" year="1985">Cachon &amp; Cachon 1985: 293</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505B1FD29FE934C7C" author="CHEN M. &amp; TAN Z." box="[132,362,760,784]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref172123" refString="CHEN M. &amp; TAN Z. 1996. - Radiolaria from Surface Sediments of the Central and Northern South China Sea. Scene Publishing House, Beijing, 271 p. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1996">Chen &amp; Tan 1996: 152</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65071CFD29FD1F4C7C" author="TAN Z. Y. &amp; SU X. H." box="[553,742,760,784]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref199877" refString="TAN Z. Y. &amp; SU X. H. 2003. - Radiolaria. Polycystinea: Nassellaria; Phaeodarea: Phaeodaria. Science Press, Beijing, Fauna Sinica, Invertebrata. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2003">Tan &amp; Su 2003: 86</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65042AFCC3FE0C4C46" author="CHEN M. &amp; ZHANG Q. &amp; ZHANG L." box="[287,501,786,810]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref172159" refString="CHEN M., ZHANG Q. &amp; ZHANG L. 2017. - Radiolaria in the Sediments from the Northwest Pacific and its marginal seas. Scientific Publishing, Beijing, 1 - 279 p. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2017">
Chen
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65046EFCC2FE734C46" box="[347,394,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 167
</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FC93FE424B24" blockId="80.[132,776,834,1096]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Stephoidea
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505C4FC93FE524C36" author="HAECKEL E." box="[241,427,834,858]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 895</bibRefCitation>
, 931-937 [as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650782FC93FF0E4C18" author="BUTSCHLI O." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1946 - 2004" refId="ref170184" refString="BUTSCHLI O. 1889. - Kurze Ubersicht des Systems der Radiolaria, in BRONN H. G. &amp; HOFFMANN C. K. (eds), Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, Band 1, Protozoa. Vol. 3. C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg: 1946 - 2004. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14134" type="book chapter" year="1889">Bütschli 1889: 1976</bibRefCitation>
[as an order]. —
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE650496FC8CFE384C18" box="[419,449,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">nec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504FDFC8CFD994C18" author="RUST D." box="[456,608,860,885]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="107 - 179" refId="ref194567" refString="RUST D. 1892. - Beitrage zur Kenntnis der fossilen Radiolarien aus Gesteinen der Trias und der palaeozoischen Schichten. Palaeontographica 38: 107 - 179. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33193870" type="journal article" year="1892">Rüst 1892: 176</bibRefCitation>
[as an order].
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE6507D8FC8EFCFF4C18" bold="true" box="[749,774,863,884]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505B1FCA6FE784CE3" author="LANKESTER E. R. &amp; HICKSON S. J. &amp; LISTER J. J. &amp; GAMBLE F. W. &amp; WILLEY A. &amp; WOODCOCK H. M. &amp; WELDON W. F. R." box="[132,385,887,911]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref184282" refString="LANKESTER E. R., HICKSON S. J., LISTER J. J., GAMBLE F. W., WILLEY A., WOODCOCK H. M. &amp; WELDON W. F. R. 1909. - A Treatise on Zoology. Part I. Introduction and Protozoa. First Fascicle. Adam &amp; Charles Black, London, 296 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 21118768" type="book" year="1909">
Lankester
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE6505DDFCA9FEEE4CE3" box="[232,279,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
1909: 147
</bibRefCitation>
[as an order]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650719FCA6FD094CE3" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[556,752,887,911]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="217 - 416" refId="ref192668" refString="POPOFSKY A. 1913. - Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes, in DRYGALSKI E. (ed.), Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Vol. 14. Georg Reimer, Berlin, Germany: 217 - 416. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6262073" type="book chapter" year="1913">Popofsky 1913: 283</bibRefCitation>
[s a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65042BFC40FE2E4CC5" author="SCHRODER O." box="[286,471,913,937]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="67 - 146" refId="ref196478" refString="SCHRODER O. 1914. - Die nordischen Nassellarian, in BRANDT K. &amp; APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 67 - 146." type="book chapter" year="1914">Schröder 1914: 72</bibRefCitation>
, 87 [as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65078EFC43FF234CA8" author="DACQUE E." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref172694" refString="DACQUE E. 1933. - Wirbellose des Jura, in GURICH G. (ed.), Leitfossilen. Vol. 7. Verlag von Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin: 1 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1933">Dacque 1933: 42</bibRefCitation>
[rank unknown]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650495FC7DFD554CA8" author="CLARK B. L. &amp; CAMPBELL A. S." box="[416,684,940,964]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref172530" refString="CLARK B. L. &amp; CAMPBELL A. S. 1945. - Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America, Memoir 101: i-vii, 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / MEM 10" type="journal article" year="1945">Clark &amp; Campbell 1945: 29</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505DCFC17FE194CB2" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[233,480,966,990]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="389 - 436" refId="ref172838" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1953. - Radiolaires fossiles, in GRASSE P. P. (ed.), Traite de Zoologie. Vol. 1. Masson, Paris: 389 - 436." type="book chapter" year="1953">Deflandre 1953: 429-430</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650781FC17FF114C95" author="CHEDIYA D. M." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 167</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily]. — Anderson 1983: 29. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6507AAFC30FEC44B7F" author="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="283 - 295" refId="ref170614" refString="CACHON J. &amp; CACHON M. 1985. - 2. Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., HUTNER S. H. &amp; BOVEE E. C. (eds), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence Kansas: 283 - 295." type="book chapter" year="1985">Cachon &amp; Cachon 1985: 291</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65072BFC2AFCFE4B7F" author="CHEN M. &amp; TAN Z." box="[542,775,1019,1043]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref172123" refString="CHEN M. &amp; TAN Z. 1996. - Radiolaria from Surface Sediments of the Central and Northern South China Sea. Scene Publishing House, Beijing, 271 p. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1996">Chen &amp; Tan 1996: 152</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650470FBC7FDF14B42" author="TAN Z. Y. &amp; SU X. H." box="[325,520,1046,1070]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref199877" refString="TAN Z. Y. &amp; SU X. H. 2003. - Radiolaria. Polycystinea: Nassellaria; Phaeodarea: Phaeodaria. Science Press, Beijing, Fauna Sinica, Invertebrata. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2003">Tan &amp; Su 2003: 83</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6507E7FBC7FEE74B24" author="CHEN M. &amp; ZHANG Q. &amp; ZHANG L." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref172159" refString="CHEN M., ZHANG Q. &amp; ZHANG L. 2017. - Radiolaria in the Sediments from the Northwest Pacific and its marginal seas. Scientific Publishing, Beijing, 1 - 279 p. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2017">
Chen
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE6505B1FBE0FF4A4B24" box="[132,179,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 165
</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FBB1FD2C4B14" blockId="80.[132,725,1120,1144]" box="[132,725,1120,1144]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Stephoidae –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65043CFBB1FDC14B14" author="DELAGE Y. &amp; HEROUARD E." box="[265,568,1120,1144]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref173164" refString="DELAGE Y. &amp; HEROUARD E. 1896. - Traite de Zoologie Concrete. Schleicher, Paris, France, xxi + 584 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11672" type="book" year="1896">Delage &amp; Hérouard 1896: 219</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FB5EFD334BCB" blockId="80.[132,714,1167,1191]" box="[132,714,1167,1191]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyroidae –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505CBFB5EFDD44BCB" author="DELAGE Y. &amp; HEROUARD E." box="[254,557,1167,1191]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref173164" refString="DELAGE Y. &amp; HEROUARD E. 1896. - Traite de Zoologie Concrete. Schleicher, Paris, France, xxi + 584 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11672" type="book" year="1896">Delage &amp; Hérouard 1896: 233</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FB6EFDC84BBB" blockId="80.[132,561,1215,1239]" box="[132,561,1215,1239]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Stephoida –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6505CAFB6EFE514BBB" author="CALKINS G. N." box="[255,424,1215,1239]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref170735" refString="CALKINS G. N. 1909. - Protozoology. Lea &amp; Febiger, New York, 349 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62800" type="book" year="1909">Calkins 1909: 41</bibRefCitation>
[as an order].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FB3EFD954A6B" blockId="80.[132,620,1263,1287]" box="[132,620,1263,1287]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyroideen –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65043EFB3EFE364A6B" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[267,463,1263,1287]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="217 - 416" refId="ref192668" refString="POPOFSKY A. 1913. - Die Nassellarien des Warmwassergebietes, in DRYGALSKI E. (ed.), Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Vol. 14. Georg Reimer, Berlin, Germany: 217 - 416. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6262073" type="book chapter" year="1913">Popofsky 1913: 304</bibRefCitation>
[as a suborder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FACFFECE4A3D" blockId="80.[132,774,1310,1361]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Stephaniicae [
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE650438FACEFEDA4A5A" box="[269,291,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">sic</emphasis>
] –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650473FACFFE274A5A" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[326,478,1310,1334]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
: D105-106 (= Stephanioidea) [as a superfamily].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FAB9FEC04AD9" blockId="80.[132,775,1384,1461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Acanthodesmiacea [
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65047DFAB8FEA74AEC" box="[328,350,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">sic</emphasis>
] –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504B5FAB9FD524AEC" author="LOEBLICH A. R. &amp; TAPPAN H." box="[384,683,1384,1408]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="213 - 234" refId="ref185464" refString="LOEBLICH A. R. &amp; TAPPAN H. 1961. - Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new validated genera. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington 74: 213 - 234. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42295598" type="journal article" year="1961">Loeblich &amp; Tappan 1961: 227</bibRefCitation>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6507FBFAB9FEED4AF7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
) [as a superfamily]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650734FA52FCFE4AF7" author="DE WEVER P. &amp; DUMITRICA P. &amp; CAULET J. P. &amp; NIGRINI C. &amp; CARIDROIT M." box="[513,775,1411,1435]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. &amp; CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
De Wever
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65075FFA52FD634AF7" box="[618,666,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2001: 227
</bibRefCitation>
[as a superfamily].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1FA1CFEC34A93" blockId="80.[132,775,1485,1535]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Acanthodesmoidea [
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65047BFA1FFE9D4A89" box="[334,356,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">sic</emphasis>
] –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6504BEFA1CFD774A89" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[395,654,1485,1509]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="185 - 195" refId="ref192103" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1986. - Evolution of the Antarctissa group. Marine Micropaleontology 11: 185 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0377 - 8398 (86) 90013 - 7" type="journal article" year="1986">Petrushevskaya 1986: 136</bibRefCitation>
, 138 (=
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6507D0FA1CFED64A93" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1F9C6FE064943" blockId="80.[132,511,1559,1583]" box="[132,511,1559,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyridiniformes –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65040FF9C6FE024943" author="AMON E. O." box="[314,507,1559,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" refId="ref165927" refString="AMON E. O. 2000. - Upper Cretaceous radiolarians of Urals region. Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry. Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, 209 p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2000">Amon 2000: 25-26</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1F997FDE54915" blockId="80.[132,775,1606,1657]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
Spyridinata –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650427F997FE104932" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. &amp; AMON E. O. &amp; AGARKOV Y. V. &amp; BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[274,489,1606,1630]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. &amp; BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
Afanasieva
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65044BF996FE564932" box="[382,431,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
: S304 [as an order]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6507EAF997FE6D4915" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. &amp; AMON E. O." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="467" refId="ref165589" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S. &amp; AMON E. O. 2006. - Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic. Paleontological Journal 40 (4): S 453 - S 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030106100054" type="journal article" year="2006">Afanasieva &amp; Amon 2006: 153</bibRefCitation>
[as an order].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFC4FE6505B1F940FDCD480E" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1F940FDCD480E" blockId="80.[131,777,1681,1890]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">DIAGNOSIS. — One sagittal ring (or D-shaped ring) including MB, A-rod, V-rod and AV-arch. D-, double L-, double l-rods tend to be well developed. The AV-arch is rarely absent. Many small appendages systematically extend from particular portions of these rods. Endoplasm of spherical shape with a thick capsular membrane, transparent in color. Gelatinous matter, if present, wraps the endoplasm, siliceous skeleton, and algal symbionts. Ectoplasm poorly recognized. Pseudopodia visible or invisible.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFC4FE6405B1F843FABF4C3C" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1F843FF1148C6" blockId="80.[132,777,1938,2027]" box="[132,232,1938,1964]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE6505B1F860FC1E4EBD" blockId="80.[132,777,1938,2027]" lastBlockId="80.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE650583F860FE7248A7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[182,395,1969,1995]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
consists of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE65070CF860FCFA48A7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[569,771,1969,1995]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acanthodesmiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Acanthodesmiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6505B3F800FEB24887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[134,331,2001,2027]" family="Cephalospyrididae" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" rank="family">Cephalospyrididae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE650466F800FE244887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[339,477,2001,2027]" family="Paradictyidae" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" rank="family">Paradictyidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE65073BF800FD6E4887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[526,663,2001,2027]" class="Polycystinea" family="Stephaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Stephaniidae</taxonomicName>
. Molecular data obtained by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6506DEFF06FB3A4F9E" author="SANDIN M. M. &amp; PILLET L. &amp; BIARD T. &amp; POIRIER C. &amp; BIGEARD E. &amp; ROMAC S. &amp; SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F." box="[1003,1219,215,242]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref194897" refString="SANDIN M. M., PILLET L., BIARD T., POIRIER C., BIGEARD E., ROMAC S., SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F. 2019. - Time Calibrated Morpho-molecular Classification of Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Protist 170 (2): 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2019.02.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
Sandin
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE65010BFF09FB8B4F9D" box="[1086,1138,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
cannot be used when considering the morphological classification of the family within the
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE650685FEC6FB6A4E5D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[944,1171,279,305]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
. However, it amounts to the second highest environmental sequence, relative to
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6500BDFEE6FC3C4E1D" authority="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthoidea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="563" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Plagiacanthoidea</taxonomicName>
, which have the highest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6501EFFE86FA594E1D" author="SANDIN M. M. &amp; PILLET L. &amp; BIARD T. &amp; POIRIER C. &amp; BIGEARD E. &amp; ROMAC S. &amp; SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F." box="[1242,1440,343,369]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref194897" refString="SANDIN M. M., PILLET L., BIARD T., POIRIER C., BIGEARD E., ROMAC S., SUZUKI N. &amp; NOT F. 2019. - Time Calibrated Morpho-molecular Classification of Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Protist 170 (2): 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2019.02.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
Sandin
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE650018FE89FA984E1D" box="[1325,1377,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE650107FEA6FAFF4EFD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[1074,1286,375,401]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
are particularly abundant in the subtropical and tropical South
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FFC4FE650074FE47FA7D4EDC" box="[1345,1412,406,432]" name="China" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">China</collectingCountry>
Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650602FE66FC2F4EBD" author="WU W. &amp; HUANG B. &amp; LIAO Y. &amp; SUN P." box="[823,982,438,465]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="563 - 579" refId="ref201791" refString="WU W., HUANG B., LIAO Y. &amp; SUN P. 2014. - Picoeukaryotic diversity and distribution in the subtropical-tropical South China Sea. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 89 (3): 563 - 579. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1574 - 6941.12357" type="journal article" year="2014">
Wu
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC4FE650650FE66FC614EBC" box="[869,920,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC4FE640671FE07FD944EDC" blockId="80.[811,1458,215,2028]" lastBlockId="81.[130,777,215,2028]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">
The appearance of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE65017DFE07FADA4E9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[1096,1315,470,496]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
species may drastically vary. The images of the same specimen under different orientations were provided in several papers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650054FDC7FC244D3C" author="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="356 - 371" refId="ref178425" refString="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R. 1980. - The evolution of Eucoronis fridtjofnanseni n. sp. and its application to the Neogene biostratigraphy of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. Micropaleontology 26 (4): 356 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485350" type="journal article" year="1980">Goll &amp; BjØrklund 1980</bibRefCitation>
: pls 2, 3; 1985: figs 6-9;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6501C9FDE6FA504D3C" author="TAN Z. Y. &amp; SU X. H." box="[1276,1449,566,593]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="337 - 346" refId="ref199779" refString="TAN Z. Y. &amp; SU X. H. 1981. - Two new species of Liriospyris (Radiolaria: Trissocyclidae) from the Xisha Islands, China, with a discussion on their skeletal structures. Acta zootaxonomica sinica 6 (4): 337 - 346. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1981">Tan &amp; Su 1981</bibRefCitation>
: pls 1-3;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE6506B8FD87FBFB4D1C" author="ITAKI T." box="[909,1026,598,624]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="43 - 89" refId="ref181995" refString="ITAKI T. 2009. - Last Glacial to Holocene Polycystine radiolarians from the Japan Sea. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume 14: 43 - 89." type="journal article" year="2009">Itaki 2009</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 13, figs 1-20). Based on absolute and relative Cartesian coordinates, a precise orientation is the first step to identify this group. The next steps should be followed: 1) Like in pylonioids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650184FD64FA504DBC" author="ZHANG L. L. &amp; SUZUKI N." box="[1201,1449,693,720]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref202643" refString="ZHANG L. L. &amp; SUZUKI N. 2017. - Taxonomy and species diversity of Holocene pylonioid radiolarians from surface sediments of the northeastern Indian Ocean. Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3.48 A: 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 718" type="book chapter" year="2017">
Zhang &amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE650015FD64FA504DBC" authority="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[1312,1449,693,720]" family="Suzuki" pageId="80" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki 2017</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4), the absolute Cartesian coordinates (
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6501C9FD07FACA4D9C" box="[1276,1331,726,752]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
1) are used to define the anatomical orientation of the specimen while the relative Cartesian coordinates (
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6501AEFCC4FB2B4C43" box="[1179,1234,789,815]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
2) are use to describe the orientation of a real specimen in the
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6501DCFCE7FAE74C3C" box="[1257,1310,822,848]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
2 coordinate system. Under Euclidean geometry, the way to define
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE650055FC87FA674C1C" box="[1376,1438,854,880]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Types</typeStatus>
1 and 2 of
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6506A4FCA4FB9C4CE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[913,1125,885,911]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
is mathematically identical to that of pylonioids by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650128FC44FAD14CC3" author="ZHANG L. L. &amp; SUZUKI N." box="[1053,1320,917,943]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref202643" refString="ZHANG L. L. &amp; SUZUKI N. 2017. - Taxonomy and species diversity of Holocene pylonioid radiolarians from surface sediments of the northeastern Indian Ocean. Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3.48 A: 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 718" type="book chapter" year="2017">
Zhang &amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE6501B9FC44FAD14CC3" authority="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki &amp; Caulet &amp; Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[1164,1320,917,943]" family="Suzuki" pageId="80" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki (2017)</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
. To do that, some modifications in previous studies of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC4FE65001EFC64FC7D4C82" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
were taken into account (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65019FFC05FAE54C82" author="GOLL R. M." box="[1194,1308,980,1006]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll 1968</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 3B;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE65061AFC25FBC04B63" author="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R." box="[815,1081,1011,1039]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref178480" refString="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R. 1985. - Nephrospyris knutheieri sp. n., an extant trissocyclid radiolarian (Polycystinae: Nassellarida) from the Norwegian Greenland Sea. Sarsia 70 (2 - 3): 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1985.10420623" type="journal article" year="1985">Goll &amp; BjØrklund 1985</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5B); 2) the origin (O-point) under Euclidian geometry is defined as the joint point of Ax-rod with MB or the V-rod side end of MB for both coordinates of
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6506E4FB84FBF64B03" box="[977,1039,1109,1135]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Types</typeStatus>
1 and 2; 3) As for
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6501D0FB84FAE34B03" box="[1253,1306,1109,1135]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
1 coordinate, the sagittal plane (Sg-plane) is defined as to roughly include MB, A- and V-rod as well as the sagittal axis (Sg-axis) which is defined in order to include MB; 4) once O-point, Sg-plane and Sg-axis are defined, the polar axis (Pl-axis) is defined in a direction perpendicular to the Sg-axis on Sg-plane and the lateral axis (Lt-axis). The lateral axis is defined by an axis that is in a direction perpendicular to both the Sg- and Pl-axes. The lateral plane (Lt-plane) is defined by the plane including the Pl- and Lt-axes. Additionally, the equatorial (Eq-plane) plane is defined by the plane including the Lt- and Sg-axes; 5) Regarding,
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6506F0FA62FC034AA1" box="[965,1018,1459,1485]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
2 coordinates, the short and longest axes of the shell are coded as the shortest axis (Sh-axis) and longest axis (Lo-axis). The remaining axis is placed on the remaining direction as middle axis (Md-axis). The longest side plane (Lo-plane) includes the Lo- and Sh-axes; the shortest side plane (Sh-plane) is defined by the Sh- and Md-axes, and the remaining plane as a middle one (Md-plane, including Md- and Lo-axes). The intersection angles among three axes, or three planes, are not necessary to be equal to 90° between each other although all of them must include the O-point. The coordinate system proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650198F923FAD74860" author="GOLL R. M." box="[1197,1326,1778,1804]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC4FE650057F923FC094840" author="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R." pageId="80" pageNumber="483" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref178480" refString="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R. 1985. - Nephrospyris knutheieri sp. n., an extant trissocyclid radiolarian (Polycystinae: Nassellarida) from the Norwegian Greenland Sea. Sarsia 70 (2 - 3): 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1985.10420623" type="journal article" year="1985">Goll &amp; BjØrklund (1985)</bibRefCitation>
cannot be used due to an inappropriate mathematical definition with no O-point and mixture of
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE65061AF883FC974800" box="[815,878,1874,1900]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Types</typeStatus>
1 and 2 coordinate systems; 6) the orientation of a specimen faced to observers is defined by the A-rod being in front of the observers. Under the
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC4FE6501A0F843FB3348C0" box="[1173,1226,1938,1964]" pageId="80" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
1 coordinate system, the A-rod side direction along Sg-axis is specified as “dorsal” because of presence of D- (dorsal) rod and its opposite direc- tion as “ventral” because of presence of V- (ventral) rod. The right side along the Lt-axis is named “iustum” and left one “sinistram”. The direction of the Ax-rod or of the relevant structure is defined as “inferior” while the opposite side is defined as “supra”; and 7) in the
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC5FE6404D9FE86FDD84E1D" box="[492,545,343,369]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Type</typeStatus>
2 coordinate system, the front-back is oriented in the Sh-axis, the right and left in the Lo-axis and the apex-base in the Md-axis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC5FE6405AEFE66FD6F4CFC" blockId="81.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">
A second key aspect in understanding the structure of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC5FE6405B1FE07FEA24E9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,347,470,496]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="81" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
, are many common skeletal frames and pores termed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640405FE27FDEE4D7C" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[304,535,502,528]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="642 - 657" refId="ref191676" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1969. - Homologies in the Nassellarian skeleton 3. Sagittal ring and peripheral skeleton in the Stephoidae and Spyroidae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, Akademia Nauk SSSR 48 (5): 642 - 657. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1969">Petrushevskaya (1969</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1; 1971a: fig. 10): 1) Small appendages are systemically coded:
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640769FDC6FD9C4D5C" box="[604,613,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">c</emphasis>
-spinule on the D-rod;
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6405E3FDE6FF274D3C" box="[214,222,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">t</emphasis>
-spinule on the l-rod;
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404FFFDE6FE2E4D3C" box="[458,471,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">p</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640723FDE7FDDA4D3C" box="[534,547,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">d</emphasis>
-spinules on L-rod of the MB side;
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640429FD86FEDE4D1C" box="[284,295,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">a</emphasis>
-,
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64040AFD86FEAA4D1C" box="[319,339,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">m</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404A2FD86FE594D1C" box="[407,416,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">g</emphasis>
-spinules on A-rod from the MB side;
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640589FDA6FF3A4DFC" box="[188,195,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">j</emphasis>
-spinule on the V-rod; and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404D3FDA7FE144DFC" box="[486,493,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">f</emphasis>
-,
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640730FDA6FDE94DFC" box="[517,528,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">z</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64077BFDA6FDA24DFC" box="[590,603,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">q</emphasis>
-spinules on the AV-arch of the V-side (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640442FD47FDAF4DDC" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[375,598,662,688]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="642 - 657" refId="ref191676" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1969. - Homologies in the Nassellarian skeleton 3. Sagittal ring and peripheral skeleton in the Stephoidae and Spyroidae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, Akademia Nauk SSSR 48 (5): 642 - 657. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1969">Petrushevskaya 1969</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1); 2) Large “pores” along a sagittal ring are named “sagittal pores.” A sagittal pore is always located on the Sg-plane under
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC5FE6407E6FD07FCF14D9C" box="[723,776,726,752]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Type</typeStatus>
1 coordinates; 3) Basal pores in the basal ring are coded as
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6405B3FCC7FF774C43" box="[134,142,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J</emphasis>
-pores on the Dl-arch,
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640443FCC7FE6D4C5C" box="[374,404,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca</emphasis>
-pores on the Ll-arch and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6407A8FCC7FD374C5C" box="[669,718,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pore found on the LV-arch (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE64044CFCE4FD9A4C23" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[377,611,821,847]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref191721" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1971 a. - Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the World Ocean. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Issledovaniya Fauny Morei 9 (17): 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya 1971a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 10). These pores are aligned as
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640450FC87FE5D4C03" box="[357,420,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J-, Ca</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404DCFC84FDE04C03" box="[489,537,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pores from the A- to V-rod sides (from the dorsal to the ventral sides).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC5FE6405AEFC44FD984A21" blockId="81.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC5FE6405FCFC44FE624CC3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[201,411,917,943]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="81" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
have been widely recognized (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6407E2FC44FF454CA3" author="GOLL R. M." pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll 1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6405FCFC64FEFD4CA3" author="GOLL R. M." box="[201,260,949,975]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="322 - 339" refId="ref177962" refString="GOLL R. M. 1969. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean basins. Part II. Journal of Paleontology 43 (2): 322 - 339. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302314" type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE64043BFC64FEAD4CA3" author="GOLL R. M." box="[270,340,949,975]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="947 - 1058" refId="ref178013" refString="GOLL R. M. 1972 a. - Leg 9 Synthesis, Radiolaria, in HAYS J. D., COOK H. - E., JENKINS D. G. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 9. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 947 - 1058. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 9.124.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">1972a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 1976, 1978, 1980;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640770FC64FF434C83" author="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R." pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="356 - 371" refId="ref178425" refString="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R. 1980. - The evolution of Eucoronis fridtjofnanseni n. sp. and its application to the Neogene biostratigraphy of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. Micropaleontology 26 (4): 356 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485350" type="journal article" year="1980">Goll &amp; BjØrklund 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6405FDFC05FEFB4C83" author="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R." box="[200,258,980,1007]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref178480" refString="GOLL R. M. &amp; BJORKLUND K. R. 1985. - Nephrospyris knutheieri sp. n., an extant trissocyclid radiolarian (Polycystinae: Nassellarida) from the Norwegian Greenland Sea. Sarsia 70 (2 - 3): 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1985.10420623" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
), but there still remains many undescribed genera and species worldwide. In particular, few
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC5FE640779FC24FD694B63" box="[588,656,1013,1039]" family="Names" pageId="81" pageNumber="410" rank="family">names</taxonomicName>
have been proposed for early to early middle Miocene
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC5FE640750FBC5FF474B22" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="81" pageNumber="570" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Acanthodesmioidea">Acanthodesmioidea</taxonomicName>
in, but not limited to,
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FFC5FE6404F3FBE4FDFA4B23" box="[454,515,1077,1103]" name="Japan" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Japan</collectingCountry>
and surrounding areas. To understand the taxonomy several identification criteria are required, such as: 1) the MB, Ax- and A-rods; 2) the orientation of the specimen under both
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC5FE640487FB45FE1E4BC2" box="[434,487,1172,1198]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Type</typeStatus>
1 and
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFC5FE640704FB45FD9F4BC2" box="[561,614,1172,1198]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Type</typeStatus>
2 coordinates; 3) the number and name codes of the pores; 4) the anatomical position of rods and arches; and 5) the arch
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFC5FE64075EFB05FD564B82" box="[619,687,1236,1262]" family="Names" pageId="81" pageNumber="410" rank="family">names</taxonomicName>
around the sagittal ring. In spite of the difficulties in determining an assignable genus, the species are easily identified after a correct orientation of shell has been confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFC5FE6405AEFA82FABF4C3C" blockId="81.[130,777,215,2028]" lastBlockId="81.[811,1456,215,848]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">
The number of basal pores ranges from three to six, but the anatomical architecture is different even when the same number of basal pores are observed. The numbers of the basal pores and their anatomical position is better defined by the presence of
<specimenCount id="9D22A0ECFFC5FE640434FA02FE9A4A81" box="[257,355,1491,1517]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" type="generic" typeStatus="types">five types</specimenCount>
of pore pattern: 1) Six basal pores forming a full set of double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640446FA22FE7C4960" box="[371,389,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J-</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404A6FA22FE484961" box="[403,433,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404D9FA22FDE44961" box="[492,541,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pores from the dorsal side (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640589F9C3FED14940" author="GOLL R. M." box="[188,296,1554,1580]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll 1968</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 174, fig. 10). In some taxa, six basal pores are visible from the ventral side, but the double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6407BFF9E2FD6A4920" box="[650,659,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J</emphasis>
-basal pore is obliquely located on the dorsal side (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640704F983FD5B4900" author="GOLL R. M." box="[561,674,1618,1644]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll 1968</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 175, figs 15, 16; 1969: pl. 56, fig. 8; 1972a: pl. 47, fig. 2, pl. 58, fig. 3). If this tendency is extreme, the basal ring appears to have only four basal pores, with double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640702F963FDAD49A0" box="[567,596,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6407A3F963FD3F49A0" box="[662,710,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6405B8F903FEF14980" author="GOLL R. M." box="[141,264,1746,1772]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="947 - 1058" refId="ref178013" refString="GOLL R. M. 1972 a. - Leg 9 Synthesis, Radiolaria, in HAYS J. D., COOK H. - E., JENKINS D. G. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 9. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 947 - 1058. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 9.124.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Goll 1972a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 41, fig. 3); 2) Four basal double pores, the small pair is formed by a double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404E2F923FDF14860" box="[471,520,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pore and the larger pair correspond to the double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6404A4F8C3FE414840" box="[401,440,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca-</emphasis>
pore (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6404CDF8C3FD9D4840" author="GOLL R. M." box="[504,612,1810,1836]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll 1968</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 175, figs 7, 8; 1969: pl. 55, fig. 7, pl. 57, fig. 3;1972a: pl. 42, fig. 3, pl. 48, fig. 2, pl. 50, fig. 4); 3) Two basal pores, sometimes presented as a double pit-like pore originated from very large basal pores. These pores are related to the downward D-rod, and recognized as a double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64044AF863FE5648A0" box="[383,431,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pore and double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640744F863FD7748A0" box="[625,654,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca</emphasis>
-pore (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6407E2F860FF3E4887" author="GOLL R. M." pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="947 - 1058" refId="ref178013" refString="GOLL R. M. 1972 a. - Leg 9 Synthesis, Radiolaria, in HAYS J. D., COOK H. - E., JENKINS D. G. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 9. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 947 - 1058. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 9.124.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Goll 1972a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 51, fig. 3). A double basal pore could also appear when the double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6406D1FF09FBF24F9E" box="[996,1035,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca-</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640175FF09FBB34F9D" box="[1088,1098,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J</emphasis>
- or
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640143FF09FB5E4F9E" box="[1142,1191,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pores become degraded, resembling a double pit-like small pore near the base (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE64004AFF26FC9D4E5D" author="GOLL R. M." pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="1409 - 1432" refId="ref177911" refString="GOLL R. M. 1968. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean Basins. Part I. Journal of Paleontology 42 (6): 1409 - 1432. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302291" type="journal article" year="1968">Goll 1968</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 176, fig. 12), or when both
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6401F9FEC9FB2D4E5D" box="[1228,1236,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640022FEC6FABE4E5D" box="[1303,1351,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pores are completely absent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE6406CDFEE6FB894E3D" author="GOLL R. M." box="[1016,1136,311,337]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="947 - 1058" refId="ref178013" refString="GOLL R. M. 1972 a. - Leg 9 Synthesis, Radiolaria, in HAYS J. D., COOK H. - E., JENKINS D. G. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 9. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 947 - 1058. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 9.124.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Goll 1972a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 37, figs 1-3). Another case is observed when the reduction of the double l-rod occurs and the pore is constructed with
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640165FEA6FBA54EFC" box="[1104,1116,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">a</emphasis>
-spinule of A-rod and a probable
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64061EFE46FCC24EDC" box="[811,827,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">j-</emphasis>
spinule of V-rod (Sugiyama 1998: pl. 6, figs 3b); 4) Three of three larger basal pores, the
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640149FE66FB6A4EBC" box="[1148,1171,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">V-</emphasis>
rod extends upwards from the basal ring and two
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640129FE06FBB44E9D" box="[1052,1101,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pores unite to become as a single pore (united
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64068CFE26FC134D7D" box="[953,1002,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Cerv</emphasis>
-pore herein) and the remaining two pores pertain to the double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE640121FDC6FBCB4D5D" box="[1044,1074,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca</emphasis>
-pore (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE64014FFDC7FB0A4D5C" author="GOLL R. M." box="[1146,1267,534,560]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="947 - 1058" refId="ref178013" refString="GOLL R. M. 1972 a. - Leg 9 Synthesis, Radiolaria, in HAYS J. D., COOK H. - E., JENKINS D. G. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 9. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 947 - 1058. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 9.124.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Goll 1972a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 57, fig. 1); 5) Finally, the V-rod might be invisible, in this case, three basal pores and a double pit-like pore are found on the basal ring (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640600FDA7FC574DFC" author="GOLL R. M." box="[821,942,630,656]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="947 - 1058" refId="ref178013" refString="GOLL R. M. 1972 a. - Leg 9 Synthesis, Radiolaria, in HAYS J. D., COOK H. - E., JENKINS D. G. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 9. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 947 - 1058. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 9.124.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Goll 1972a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 62, fig. 3;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE64017EFDA7FB054DFC" author="NISHIMURA H." box="[1099,1276,630,656]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref189182" refString="NISHIMURA H. 1990. - Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences 11: 69 - 172. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2241 / 4970" type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura 1990</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 25.7), however, the double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE6406E7FD47FC1D4DC3" box="[978,996,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J-</emphasis>
pore may be visible or invisible, appearing in this case a double pit (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFC5FE640123FD64FB7B4DA3" author="GOLL R. M." box="[1046,1154,693,719]" pageId="81" pageNumber="484" pagination="322 - 339" refId="ref177962" refString="GOLL R. M. 1969. - Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean basins. Part II. Journal of Paleontology 43 (2): 322 - 339. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1302314" type="journal article" year="1969">Goll 1969</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 56: fig. 8). Thus, double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64061EFD07FCB04D9C" box="[811,841,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">Ca</emphasis>
-pores are generally the largest existing basal pores while double
<emphasis id="B950B777FFC5FE64064BFD27FC7E4C63" box="[894,903,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="484">J</emphasis>
-pores tend to disappear. However, little to nothing is known about the relationship between the taxonomic classification and the variability of basal pore patterns.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink