129 lines
12 KiB
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129 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.67792" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eef1d08-e80d-48bd-a437-52f838cf46e3" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-85-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1D58C1C78EE05CF3A979639776DABE1D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5491663" ID-ZooBank="17378F9993CF4C5385139879A9BCA2DE" ModsDocID="1314-2607-85-57" checkinTime="1630544370163" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Claridge, Brandon" docDate="2021" docId="FEB52B97BCE6566CAFC073EFDFF97B37" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 85: 57-79" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85" docPubDate="2021-08-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.67792" docTitle="Heterischnus Wesmael 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="1D58C1C78EE05CF3A979639776DABE1D" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="1D58C1C78EE05CF3A979639776DABE1D" masterDocTitle="Revision of Nearctic Heterischnus Wesmael, 1859 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae, Phaeogenini)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1678756334171" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Nearctic Heterischnus Wesmael, 1859 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae, Phaeogenini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Claridge, Brandon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-326X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">brandonclaridge1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-08-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>85</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.67792</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.67792</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-85-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">17378F9993CF4C5385139879A9BCA2DE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1D58C1C78EE05CF3A979639776DABE1D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5491663</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="185459837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FEB52B97BCE6566CAFC073EFDFF97B37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEB52B97BCE6566CAFC073EFDFF97B37" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4W8X" ID-ENA="274241" LSID="FEB52B97-BCE6-566C-AFC0-73EFDFF97B37" authority="Wesmael, 1859" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterischnus Wesmael, 1859</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterischnus</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1859: 83. Type species:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon pulex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulex">Ichneumon pulex</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müeller">Mueeller</normalizedToken>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhexidermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhexidermus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhexidermus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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, 1869: 192. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhexidermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhexidermus japonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Rhexidermus japonicus</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead. Monotypy by inclusion in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.30-1448.169" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="169 - 201" refId="B1" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1906. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera from Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 30: 169 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.30-1448.169" title="Descriptions of new Hymenoptera from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.30-1448.169" volume="30" year="1906">Ashmead (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Provancher" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Posocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Posocentrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Posocentrus</taxonomicName>
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Provancher, 1875: 273. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Posocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Posocentrus huardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huardi">Posocentrus huardi</taxonomicName>
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Provancher. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ischnopsidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnopsidea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ischnopsidea</taxonomicName>
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Viereck, 1914: 77. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ichneumon</taxonomicName>
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thoracicus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Aethiopischnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aethiopischnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aethiopischnus</taxonomicName>
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Heinrich, 1938: 127. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Aethiopischnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aethiopischnus olsoufieffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olsoufieffi">Aethiopischnus olsoufieffi</taxonomicName>
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Heinrich. Monotypic and original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="generic diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Generic diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Among
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="tribe" tribe="Phaeogenini">Phaeogenini</taxonomicName>
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genera,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Heterischnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is easily recognized by a combination of the following: unidentate, falciform mandible; epistomal suture distinct; basal flagellomeres slender and elongate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Unpublished illustration of Heterischnus huardi (Provancher) lateral habitus and frontal view of head by Professor Masaaki Tokunaga or his assistants, commissioned by Dr. Henry Townes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.85.67792.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583736" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">1</figureCitation>
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); scutellum moderately narrow, convex, and distinctly elevated above metanotum; areolet (cell 1-2Rs) of the fore wing is closed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Unpublished illustration of Heterischnus huardi (Provancher) lateral habitus and frontal view of head by Professor Masaaki Tokunaga or his assistants, commissioned by Dr. Henry Townes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.85.67792.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583736" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">1</figureCitation>
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); hind coxa simple; thyridium wide. In some species, notably
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus huardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Heterischnus huardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Provancher), the clypeus is medially truncate with acute sublateral projections making such species instantly recognizable as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Heterischnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the ventral clypeal margin varies between the aforementioned morphology and being medially straight without acute sublateral projections. The majority of species tend toward the latter condition. Additionally, the tarsal claws of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="O.F.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus pulex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulex">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Heterischnus pulex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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) are pectinate which is unique among
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="tribe" tribe="Phaeogenini">Phaeogenini</taxonomicName>
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, although the tarsal claws are simple in the remaining species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5491665" doi="10.3897/jhr.85.67792.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/583736" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Unpublished illustration of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Heterischnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterischnus huardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Heterischnus huardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Provancher) lateral habitus and frontal view of head by Professor Masaaki Tokunaga or his assistants, commissioned by Dr. Henry Townes.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |