378 lines
38 KiB
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378 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.25747" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5ca09f5-d028-47bc-b992-ee4c2d459999" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223637" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="02A8A58952E45A03A5B82D880838FA8A" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1293071" ID-ZooBank="4FE56A194D034C35B4E5CB1E7469B4CC" ModsDocID="1860-1324-65-1-81" checkinTime="1621372464233" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bidzilya, Oleksiy V. & Mey, Wolfram" docDate="2018" docId="E88FCCA942C41029F64FB1D35BD5CB81" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 65(1): 81-98" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 65 (1)" docPubDate="2018-06-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.25747" docTitle="Tricerophora Janse 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="02A8A58952E45A03A5B82D880838FA8A" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="02A8A58952E45A03A5B82D880838FA8A" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Tricerophora Janse, 1958 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) with description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1632022791536" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genus Tricerophora Janse, 1958 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) with description of six new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bidzilya, Oleksiy V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37 Academician Lebedev str., 03143, Kiev, Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">olexbid@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute at Humboldt Universitaet, Invalidenstrasse 43, D- 10115, Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>65</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
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<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.25747</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.25747</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1293071</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E88FCCA942C41029F64FB1D35BD5CB81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E88FCCA942C41029F64FB1D35BD5CB81" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authority="Janse, 1958" authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tricerophora Janse, 1958</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telphusa commaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commaculata">Telphusa commaculata</taxonomicName>
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Type species: Meyrick, 1921 Moths of South Africa 6 (1): 64
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Leucophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucophylla</taxonomicName>
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Janse, 1960, Moths of South Africa 6 (2): 202,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">syn. n.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya & Mey" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Bidzilya & Mey" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Leucophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucophylla nigribasis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigribasis">Leucophylla nigribasis</taxonomicName>
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Type species: Janse, 1960
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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Most of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are defined by white forewings with black pattern along longitudinal axis without transverse fasciae and dark spots in cell and fold that are common in many other genera of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiotrichinae Karsholt, Mutanen, Lee & Kaila" authorityYear="2013" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thiotrichinae">Thiotrichinae</taxonomicName>
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genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Polyhymno" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyhymno" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Polyhymno</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Chamners, 1874 has somewhat similar wing pattern to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Polyhymno" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyhymno" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Polyhymno</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are usually smaller in size and pattern along longitudinal axis is brown rather than black in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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The tegumen with a strongly sclerotized posterior belt and lateral processes as well as very narrow, long uncus are considered to be presumed autapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">The female genitalia are characterized by laterally sclerotized segment VIII, well developed antrum, entirely sclerotized ductus bursae in most species, and usually long, serrated arms of the signum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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Species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares the male abdominal segment VIII separated into free tergum and sternum and the presence of a sub-rhomboid or hexagonal signum in females with members of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gelechiinae">Gelechiinae</taxonomicName>
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(Huemer & Karsholt 1998: 19). The diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gelechiinae">Gelechiinae</taxonomicName>
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was recently improved and clarified on the basis of DNA sequence data for one mitochondrial gene and seven nuclear genes (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12006" author="Karsholt, O" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="334 - 348" refId="B7" refString="Karsholt, O, Mutanen, M, Lee, S, Kaila, L, 2013. A molecular analysis of the Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) with an interpretative grouping of its taxa. Systematic Entomology 38: 334 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12006" title="A molecular analysis of the Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) with an interpretative grouping of its taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12006" volume="38" year="2013">Karsholt et al 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). It confirmed the subdivision of subfamily into three tribes -
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bruand" authorityYear="1859" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Litini">Litini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Gelechiini">Gelechiini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Povolný" authorityYear="1964" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Gnorimoschemini">Gnorimoschemini</taxonomicName>
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based on above mentioned construction of male abdominal segment VIII that is considered as the only synapomorphy of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gelechiinae">Gelechiinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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along with most of related genera has not been considered in the recent classification of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12006" author="Karsholt, O" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="334 - 348" refId="B7" refString="Karsholt, O, Mutanen, M, Lee, S, Kaila, L, 2013. A molecular analysis of the Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) with an interpretative grouping of its taxa. Systematic Entomology 38: 334 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12006" title="A molecular analysis of the Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) with an interpretative grouping of its taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12006" volume="38" year="2013">Karsholt et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). However, we suggest, that within this subfamily the male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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display some similarity to those of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Trychnopalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trychnopalpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Trychnopalpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Janse, 1958 by the shape of the uncus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Janse, AJT" journalOrPublisher="The Moths of South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="145 - 240" refId="B6" refString="Janse, AJT, 1960. Gelechiidae. The Moths of South Africa 6 (2): 145 - 240" title="Gelechiidae." volume="6" year="1960">Janse 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 203) and the posteriorely modified tegumen. The latter genus can be separated from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a quite different gnathos and the presence of well developed, paired process on the posterior margin of the vinculum. Both genera differ additionally in the shape of the phallus, which is shorter and devoid of cornuti in the vesica in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Trychnopalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trychnopalpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Trychnopalpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Agnippe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agnippe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Agnippe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Chambers, 1872 shares with species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a long, flat gnathos, a long and narrow uncus, cornuti in the vesica but differs by the structure of the gnathos which is separated on dorsal and ventral parts, by the absence of posterior belt-shaped sclerite of tegumen and by the presence of a sclerotized plate in the vesica (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2010.033" author="Bidzilya, O" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="247 - 265" refId="B2" refString="Bidzilya, O, Li, H, 2010. Review of the genus Agnippe (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in the Palaearctic region. European Journal of Entomology 107: 247 - 265, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2010.033" title="Review of the genus Agnippe (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in the Palaearctic region." url="https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2010.033" volume="107" year="2010">Bidzilya and Li 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). The evenly sclerotized and unmodified sternum VIII and well developed antrum in the female genitalia indicate an affinity of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with some genera of the tribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Gelechiini">Gelechiini</taxonomicName>
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like
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gozmany" authorityYear="1955" class="Hexapoda" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Mirificarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mirificarma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Mirificarma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gozmány">Gozmany</normalizedToken>
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, 1955,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Hexapoda" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Chionodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Chionodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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, [1825] and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1914" class="Hexapoda" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aroga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aroga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Aroga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Busck, 1914. The female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Agnippe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agnippe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Agnippe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tricerophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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too, except for the corpus bursae with long accessory and spines inside that is characteristic for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Agnippe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agnippe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Agnippe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, a somewhat similar but much
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="82" start="start">shorter</pageBreakToken>
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accessory is observed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigrinervis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrinervis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. nigrinervis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which also points to a close relationship of both genera.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
|
The tribal assignment of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is rather questionable and difficult to determine. The tendency of forming an accessory bursae in the female genitalia is observed both in genera of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bruand" authorityYear="1859" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="tribe" tribe="Litini">Litini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kanazawa" authorityYear="1985" class="Hexapoda" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Parastenolechia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenolechia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Parastenolechia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Kanazwa, 1985;
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1925" class="Hexapoda" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Parachronistis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parachronistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Parachronistis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Meyrick, 1925) and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="tribe" tribe="Gelechiini">Gelechiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Agnippe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agnippe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Agnippe</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). However, the long antrum, the well developed culcitula and the valva, divided into long cucullus and short sacculus are characteristic for
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="tribe" tribe="Gelechiini">Gelechiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Ponomarenko 2005; Huemer and Karsholt 2010). So, we tentatively place
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
into
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="tribe" tribe="Gelechiini">Gelechiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, until the systematic position of this genus will be clarified in future by using molecular methods.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Leucophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Leucophylla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Janse, 1960 was established as monotypic for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. nigribasis" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="nigribasis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">L. nigribasis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Janse, 1960.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Janse, AJT" journalOrPublisher="The Moths of South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="145 - 240" refId="B6" refString="Janse, AJT, 1960. Gelechiidae. The Moths of South Africa 6 (2): 145 - 240" title="Gelechiidae." volume="6" year="1960">Janse (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
assumed a relationship of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Leucophyla" lsidName="Leucophyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Leucophyla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Trychnopalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trychnopalpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Trychnopalpa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by sharing the same form of the uncus in the male genitalia and a similar signum in the female genitalia. He mentioned that both genera differ in the scale cover of the labial palpi, wing venation and the shape of the phallus. The male genitalia of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Leucophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Leucophylla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
match well of those of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. commaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commaculata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. commaculata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the type-species of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Also, the female genitalia fit to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. commaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commaculata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. commaculata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
except for the indistinctly formed ostium. However, the examination of the new species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shows that this character is rather variable: the ostium may be well developed or indistinct in species whose male genitalia undoubtedly match that of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Hence, the following synonymy is proposed here:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Leucophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Leucophylla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Janse, 1960, syn. n. of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Janse, 1958.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
Adult. Head smoothly scaled, ocelli absent, light, usually off-white or grey, labial palpus strongly up-curved, far protruding over the head, segment 2 with tuft of long scales at base, underside with short brush of scales; segment 3 about as long as segment 2, narrow, pointed. Scape without pecten, male flagellomeres finely ciliated underside.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
|
Thorax white, often mottled with grey or brown, yellowish-white in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. minimorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimorum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. minimorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; tegulae the same color as thorax; forewing elongated, moderately narrow, wingspan 7.0-18.0 mm, ground color white to light grey with black pattern along veins, or forewing grey with basal touch at base of costal margin and diffuse black spots under costa (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigribasis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigribasis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. nigribasis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. minimorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimorum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. minimorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the forewing is uniformly yellowish-white; hindwing grey, narrow with small subapical excavation, cilia grey.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Abdomen: Male tergum VIII longer than broad, tongue-shaped or triangular, with long haired coremata at base, sternum VIII broader than long, posterior margin broadly rounded. Female segment VII 1.5 times as long as rest of abdominal segments, trapezoidal, weakly narrowed posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
|
Male genitalia. Posterior margin of tegumen strongly sclerotized forming a belt-shaped sclerite terminated laterally in narrow short processes (reduced in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rukinga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rukinga">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. rukinga</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), medially with a stout, long, narrow uncus with a pointed tip; gnathos flat, weakly sclerotized, elongated; culcitula well developed, membranous; tegumen sub-rectangular, about twice as long as broad, anterior margin with deep, triangular emargination; valva elongated, narrow or moderately broad, straight, of even width or curved inwards at 1/3, densely covered with hairs after halfway; sacculus short and slender in most species, merged with valva in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. acutivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutivalva">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. acutivalva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or stout, broad, with inwardly curved tip in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rukinga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rukinga">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. rukinga</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, displaced medially in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. commaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commaculata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. commaculata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, posterior margin with weakly sclerotized, medial lobe; saccus long and narrow, sub-triangular in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rukinga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rukinga">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. rukinga</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. acutivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutivalva">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. acutivalva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; phallus tubular, weakly swollen on base (except for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rukinga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rukinga">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. rukinga</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), with lateral sclerotized filaments, vesica with one or two (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigrinervis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrinervis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. nigrinervis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) cornuti.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
|
Female genitalia. Segment VIII slightly longer than broad, weakly sclerotized; sternum VIII simple, evenly sclerotized, usually more or less covered with microtrichia, with narrow lateral sclerites extending from the base of apophysis anterioris to the posterior margin of sternum, anterior margin strongly sclerotized, projecting medially into well developed tubular or funnel-shaped antrum; ostium rounded, ovate or funnel-shaped, strongly edged with several transverse rings, placed near posterior margin of sternite VIII, or indistinct; apophysis anterioris narrow, straight, about as long as length of segment VIII or longer, apophysis posterioris three-five times as long as apophysis anterioris; ductus bursae varies considerably in length and width, with long sclerotized portion that is connected with antrum or separated (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigribasis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigribasis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. nigribasis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), sometimes entirely sclerotized (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rukinga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rukinga">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. rukinga</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), with numerous short teeth (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Tricerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricerophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tricerophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. A) or with serrated folds projecting into the corpus bursae (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigrinervis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrinervis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. nigrinervis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); corpus bursae rounded or sub-ovate, with posterolateral, partially sclerotized accessory in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigrinervis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrinervis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">T. nigrinervis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; signum a sub-hexagonal plate with short lateral arms, deep medial ridge and long usually serrated laterally anterior and posterior arms.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Host plant unknown. Adults have been collected from August to December, in February-March and in June in southern Africa up to 1740 m elevation (Brandberg Massive in Namibia), in November in Kenya, in August in DR Congo and in early June in South Iran.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Afrotropical Region (RSA, Namibia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Kenya, DR Congo) and Palaearctic Region (South Iran).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |