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<mods:title id="B98E7505304D8FC07AAFCB3CDF61DBCD">The taxonomy and biogeography of Cuban Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="3429535EFFF4CB2A0E2D37B30F8AF98F" blockId="24.[264,646,1524,1550]" box="[264,646,1524,1550]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="6F61E432FFF4CB2A0E2D37B30F8AF98F" bold="true" box="[264,646,1524,1550]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0E2D37B30F8AF98F" bold="true" box="[264,646,1524,1550]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0E2D37B30C21F98F" bold="true" box="[264,301,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF4CB2A0E1137B30F8AF98F" ID-CoL="56S2K" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson. Alayo" authorityYear="1973" box="[308,646,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0E1137B30F16F98F" bold="true" box="[308,538,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thyreodon grandis</emphasis>
Cresson
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B537754FFFF4CB2A0E2D34060FA9F9D6" author="Cresson, E." box="[264,677,1600,1624]" page="45" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF4CB2A0E2D34060FA9F9D6" ID-CoL="56S2K" authority="Cresson, 1865: 45" authorityName="Cresson. Alayo" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1973" box="[264,677,1600,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0E2D34060CD8F9D9" box="[264,468,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thyreodon grandis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="84FE5903FFF4CB2A0EF834070FA9F9D6" box="[477,677,1600,1623]" collectionCode="PANS" country="Cuba" location="Cresson" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF4CB2A0EF834070FA9F9D6" author="Cresson, E." box="[477,677,1600,1623]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref32037" refString="Cresson, E. (1865) On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1865">Cresson, 1865: 45</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="EB2DEDFCFFF4CB2A0D9434070E10F9D6" box="[689,796,1600,1623]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="229098D7FFF4CB2A0C0234790E34F9D3" box="[807,824,1598,1618]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF4CB2A0C6234070E73F9D6" box="[839,895,1600,1623]" name="Cuba" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(PANS), designated by
<location id="31490585FFF4CB2A0BAD340709ECF9D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC3FE248FFF4CB2B0E2D37B30CD7FC37:31490585FFF4CB2A0BAD340709ECF9D6" box="[1160,1248,1600,1623]" country="Cuba" name="Cresson" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cresson</location>
, 1916: 34.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3429535EFFF4CB2A0E2D34EE082EF8BA" blockId="24.[264,1323,1705,1891]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
A Cuban and Jamaican species (
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF4CB2A0DAE34EE0EB6F942" author="Townes, H. &amp; Townes, M." box="[651,954,1705,1731]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 367" refId="ref34313" refString="Townes, H. &amp; Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes &amp; Townes, 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF4CB2A0CED34EE0953F942" author="Gauld, I." box="[968,1119,1705,1731]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 309" refId="ref32773" refString="Gauld, I. (1988) A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 57, 1 - 309." type="journal article" year="1988">Gauld, 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF4CB2A0B5034EE0827F942" author="Cresson, E." box="[1141,1323,1705,1731]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref32037" refString="Cresson, E. (1865) On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1865">Cresson (1865)</bibRefCitation>
described the species from
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF4CB2A0D6F34960F84F96A" box="[586,648,1745,1771]" name="Cuba" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(
<specimenCount id="229098D7FFF4CB2A0DBF34960E0CF96A" box="[666,768,1745,1771]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="229098D7FFF4CB2A0C1934960EA4F96A" box="[828,936,1745,1771]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
housed at PANS).
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF4CB2A0BAE34960824F96A" author="Porter, C." box="[1163,1320,1745,1771]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="40 - 71" refId="ref33612" refString="Porter, C. (1984) Laticinctus group Thyreodon in the northern Neotropics (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Wasmann Journal of Biology, 42, 40 - 71." type="journal article" year="1984">Porter (1984)</bibRefCitation>
gave a comprehensive redescription based in the same material, and included within the species two Jamaican specimens from the BMNH, although he did it with some hesitation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3429535EFFF4CB2B0E1D350E0CD9FE07" blockId="24.[264,1323,1705,1891]" lastBlockId="25.[264,1324,284,950]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF4CB2A0E1D350E0CA1F8E3" authorityName="Cresson. Alayo" authorityYear="1973" box="[312,429,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0E1D350E0CA1F8E3" box="[312,429,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially resembles
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF4CB2A0DEE350E0E3CF8E3" authorityName="Fernández-Triana Table Of Contents" authorityYear="2005" box="[715,816,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alayoi">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0DEE350E0E3CF8E3" box="[715,816,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. alayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0C1A350E0EB4F8E3" box="[831,952,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
T,
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF4CB2A0C7E350E0EB4F8E3" authorityName="Fernández-Triana Table Of Contents" authorityYear="2005" box="[859,952,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabrieli">gabrieli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF4CB2A0CD5350E0949F8E3" box="[1008,1093,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF4CB2A0CD5350E0949F8E3" box="[1008,1093,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. ultor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and that is the rea­ son why they have been confused or thought to be one species (but see
<tableCitation id="791466E5FFF5CB2B0B63335B0993FEB7" box="[1094,1183,284,310]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[264,352,565,589]" captionText="TABLE 2: Diagnosis characteristics of four related Cuban species of Thyreodon." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF5CB2B0B91335B0827FEB4" authorityName="Cresson. Alayo" authorityYear="1973" box="[1204,1323,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF5CB2B0B91335B0827FEB4" box="[1204,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the lower face broader and coarser puncturae than the other species, almost forming a reticulate pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3429535EFFF5CB2B0E1D33D30ECEFDA7" blockId="25.[264,1324,284,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF5CB2B0E1D33D30CD7FE2F" author="Alayo, P." box="[312,475,404,430]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref31564" refString="Alayo, P. (1973) Catalogo de los Himenopteros de Cuba, Instituto Cubano del Libro, La Habana, 218 p." type="book" year="1973">Alayo (1973)</bibRefCitation>
cited the species in three Eastern
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF5CB2B0CB033D30EDFFE2F" box="[917,979,404,430]" name="Cuba" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuba</collectingCountry>
localities: Gran Piedra and Siboney (SC) and
<collectingRegion id="F6529DBCFFF5CB2B0ECE33FB0F8DFE57" box="[491,641,444,470]" country="Cuba" name="Guantanamo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Guantánamo</collectingRegion>
(GT). I have examined that material, and all specimens belong to different species:
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF5CB2B0D7133A30FA2FE7C" box="[596,686,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF5CB2B0D7133A30FA2FE7C" box="[596,686,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. ultor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gran Piedra specimens),
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF5CB2B0CCE33A3095EFE7C" authority="Fernández-Triana Table Of Contents, 2005" authorityName="Fernández-Triana Table Of Contents" authorityYear="2005" box="[1003,1106,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alayoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF5CB2B0CCE33A3095EFE7C" box="[1003,1106,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. alayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1DD13237FFF5CB2B0B7933A309B4FE7F" box="[1116,1208,484,510]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Siboney specimen) and
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF5CB2B0E9F304B0F3FFDA4" authority="Fernández-Triana Table Of Contents, 2005" authorityName="Fernández-Triana Table Of Contents" authorityYear="2005" box="[442,563,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabrieli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF5CB2B0E9F304B0F3FFDA4" box="[442,563,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. gabrieli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1DD13237FFF5CB2B0D1F304B0F99FDA7" box="[570,661,524,550]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingRegion id="F6529DBCFFF5CB2B0D86304B0E37FDA7" box="[675,827,524,550]" country="Cuba" name="Guantanamo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Guantánamo</collectingRegion>
specimen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3429535EFFF5CB2B0E1D30730980FCE7" blockId="25.[264,1324,284,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Because of misidentifications, it is really difficult to be sure about distribution of the species in
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF5CB2B0EA6301B0CC8FDF7" box="[387,452,604,630]" name="Cuba" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, especially without the study of specimens housed at
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF5CB2B0B1A301B0976FDF7" box="[1087,1146,604,630]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF5CB2B0B90301B09EFFDF7" box="[1205,1251,604,630]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">UK</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF5CB2B0BCA301B0CADFD1F" author="Gundlach, J." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref33012" refString="Gundlach, J. (1886) Contribucion a la entomologia cubana. Tomo II. Hymenopteros, La Habana, 187 pp." type="book" year="1886">Gundlach (1886)</bibRefCitation>
stated he had collected the species troughtout the all country.
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF5CB2B0B8830C30CB5FD47" author="Townes, H. &amp; Townes, M." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 367" refId="ref34313" refString="Townes, H. &amp; Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes &amp; Townes (1966)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned three Cuban localities for
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF5CB2B0C5B30EB0EF9FD44" authorityName="Cresson. Alayo" authorityYear="1973" box="[894,1013,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF5CB2B0C5B30EB0EF9FD44" box="[894,1013,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Nueva Gerona (WC, IJ),
<collectingRegion id="F6529DBCFFF5CB2B0E2D30930CDAFD6F" box="[264,470,724,750]" country="Cuba" name="Santiago de Cuba" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Santiago de Cuba</collectingRegion>
(EC, SC) and
<collectingRegion id="F6529DBCFFF5CB2B0DA530930E19FD6F" box="[640,789,724,750]" country="Cuba" name="Guantanamo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Guantánamo</collectingRegion>
(EC, GT).
<bibRefCitation id="50072EAFFFF5CB2B0CB33093093EFD6F" author="Porter, C." box="[918,1074,724,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="294 - 304" refId="ref33673" refString="Porter, C. (1989) A new Floridan Athyreodon Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with comments on related species of the northern Neotropics. Florida Entomologist, 72, 294 - 304." type="journal article" year="1989">Porter (1989)</bibRefCitation>
studied the
<typeStatus id="EB2DEDFCFFF5CB2B0B9A30930826FD6F" box="[1215,1322,724,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and two other Cuban specimens at PANS, but he did not provided information about localities. I have only seen one authenticated specimen of
<taxonomicName id="F39628DDFFF5CB2B0C5331630EE0FCBC" authorityName="Cresson. Alayo" authorityYear="1973" box="[886,1004,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Thyreodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="06E28F4CFFF5CB2B0C5331630EE0FCBC" box="[886,1004,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Cuban collections, from Western
<collectingCountry id="4C8113CEFFF5CB2B0E4A310B0CBCFCE7" box="[367,432,844,870]" name="Cuba" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, but for any reason Alayo did not mention it on his Catalogue.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C8C00D5FFF5CB2B0E1D31330CD7FC37" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3429535EFFF5CB2B0E1D31330CD7FC37" blockId="25.[264,1324,284,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<materialsCitation id="84FE5903FFF5CB2B0E1D31330CDBFC37" collectingDate="1965-05" collectionCode="IES" collectorName="de Zapata" location="Cienaga de Zapata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
MATERIAL EXAMINED: WC. MT: Playa Larga,
<location id="31490585FFF5CB2B0CAB31330967FC0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC3FE248FFF4CB2B0E2D37B30CD7FC37:31490585FFF5CB2B0CAB31330967FC0F" box="[910,1131,884,910]" name="Cienaga de Zapata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Ciénaga
<collectorName id="99633688FFF5CB2B0CD031330967FC0F" box="[1013,1131,884,910]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">de Zapata</collectorName>
</location>
,
<date id="4028759EFFF5CB2B0B50313309C2FC0F" box="[1141,1230,884,910]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1965-05">
<collectingDate id="506C8C76FFF5CB2B0B50313309C2FC0F" box="[1141,1230,884,910]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1965-05">V­1965</collectingDate>
</date>
, Zayas­ Valdés (
<specimenCount id="229098D7FFF5CB2B0E4C31DB0C9CFC2E" box="[361,400,924,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="5287CB9BFFF5CB2B0EBB31DB0CC2FC37" box="[414,462,924,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">IES</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>