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<document id="AAD58257EA657DF347EE660810BCBABE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4037.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0dd60c86-99b2-43f8-a06e-18d012818103" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="233519" ID-ZooBank="670819B1-3840-4C0A-ABFF-4D5AE3A263C0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461308665603" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Bartels, Paul J., Roszkowska, Milena &amp; Nelson, Diane R." docDate="2015" docId="A5435063FF18FF16FF18FA0CFE86FCFA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04037p189.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4037 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parastygarctus higginsi Renaud-Debyser 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="597A281BFF9EFF91FF8FFFBCFFFFFFCD" masterDocTitle="The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1698618093469" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="418C04077F8D00FCC26BC728A6955E55" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CAD05F7F4468611D5929E59F6D6CA985">
<mods:title id="78F57CB1909869724908E268D34708CD">The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2740E7445FACAFF5CD2F35FA9932EF42">Kaczmarek, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECF4B82673CE7DD3EE194F1A315571D7">Bartels, Paul J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B72C9F592BE79166DB345B096DFD304B">Roszkowska, Milena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E29DBA7725F707F6F3F8A00E58C5A96">Nelson, Diane R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6E3CE243A9177DDCBDCB4EFB641A6B7C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8FA7D06A01CF776F18BF29D0ABA7D281">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CDAE7F671A62AF932DCFA8723208941C">4037</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F47387AE52D722455E0364CE253168BC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3CB8FA326FCA6BFC1DDB6D282524B8C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4037.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A5435063FF18FF16FF18FA0CFE86FCFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5632698" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119643975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5632698" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5435063FF18FF16FF18FA0CFE86FCFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A5435063FF18FF16FF18FA0CFE86FCFA" lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF18FF17FF18FA0CFD0AFA04" box="[151,757,1456,1481]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF18FA0CFD0AFA04" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[151,757,1456,1481]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="761D5619FF18FF17FF18FA0CFD0AFA04" bold="true" box="[151,757,1456,1481]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" reason="2">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF18FA0CFD0AFA04" bold="true" box="[151,757,1456,1481]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
157.
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF18FF17FF40FA0DFD0AFA04" ID-CoL="4DDT5" authority="Renaud-Debyser, 1965" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1965" box="[207,757,1456,1481]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="higginsi">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF40FA0DFE1FFA04" bold="true" box="[207,480,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parastygarctus higginsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FE68FA0CFD0AFA04" author="Renaud-Debyser" box="[487,757,1456,1481]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Renaud-Debyser, J. (1965) Parastygarctus higginsi n. g., n. sp., Tardigrade marin Interstitiel de Madagascar. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 260, 955 - 957." type="journal article" year="1965">Renaud-Debyser, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF18FF17FF40FA6AFC8DFA20" box="[207,882,1492,1517]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="description">
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF40FA6AFC8DFA20" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[207,882,1492,1517]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF18FF17FF40FA6AFE23FA20" box="[207,476,1492,1517]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="higginsi">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF40FA6AFE23FA20" box="[207,476,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parastygarctus higginsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. g., n. sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FDE3FA68FC95FA20" author="Renaud-Debyser" box="[620,874,1492,1517]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Renaud-Debyser, J. (1965) Parastygarctus higginsi n. g., n. sp., Tardigrade marin Interstitiel de Madagascar. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 260, 955 - 957." type="journal article" year="1965">Renaud-Debyser 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF18FF16FF40FA46FAD0FD00" lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF40FA46FCDBF9DC" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[207,804,1528,1553]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF18FF17FF40FA46FCDBF9DC" ID-CoL="4DDT5" authority="Renaud-Debyser (Rao 1972)" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser (Rao" authorityYear="1972" box="[207,804,1528,1553]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="higginsi">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF40FA46FE23F9DC" box="[207,476,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parastygarctus higginsi</emphasis>
Renaud-Debyser (
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FD22FA45FCE3F9DC" author="Rao" box="[685,796,1529,1553]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Rao, G. C. (1972) Occurrence of the interstitial tardigrade Parastygarctus higginsi Renaud-Debyser, in the intertidal sands on Andaman Islands. Current Science, 41, 845 - 846." type="journal article" year="1972">Rao 1972</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF40F9A2FD25F9FB" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[207,730,1565,1590]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF18FF17FF40F9A2FE23F9FB" ID-CoL="4DDT5" box="[207,476,1565,1590]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Stygarctidae" genus="Parastygarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="higginsi">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF40F9A2FE23F9FB" box="[207,476,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parastygarctus higginsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FE64F9A1FD25F9FB" box="[491,730,1565,1590]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Sandulli, R., D'Addabbo, M. G., Morone de Lucia, M. R., D'Addabbo, R., Pietanza, R. &amp; Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1999) Preliminary investigations on meiofauna of two caves in San Domino Island (Tremiti Archipelago). Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6, 437 - 440." type="journal article">
Sandulli
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FDDFF9A2FD76F9FB" box="[592,649,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF40F9FEFC58F997" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[207,935,1601,1626]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF40F9FEFC58F997" bold="true" box="[207,935,1601,1626]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="EAEA9AF6FF18FF17FF40F9FEFDF0F997" authority="Indian Ocean" authorityName="Indian Ocean" box="[207,527,1601,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Terra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typica">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF40F9FEFEA3F997" bold="true" box="[207,348,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Terra typica</emphasis>
: Indian Ocean
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF18FF17FD91F9FDFCB9F997" box="[542,838,1601,1626]" name="Madagascar" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Republic of Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Africa)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF18F9D9FECBF9B3" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[151,308,1637,1662]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF18F9D9FECBF9B3" bold="true" box="[151,308,1637,1662]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Adriatic Sea:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF18F939FBDCF928" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF48F938FD5DF950" bold="true" box="[199,674,1668,1693]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FF48F938FED8F950" box="[199,295,1668,1693]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="42.1">42°06′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FEB9F938FE68F950" box="[310,407,1668,1693]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="15.483334">15°29′E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="EA124C90FF18FF17FE2AF938FE02F950" box="[421,509,1668,1693]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 m</quantity>
bsl: [FAO37]
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF18FF17FD24F938FD20F950" box="[683,735,1668,1693]" name="Italy" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF18FF17FA87F938FAB0F950" box="[1288,1359,1668,1693]" name="Iceland" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Island</collectingCountry>
, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Viole,
<quantity id="EA124C90FF18FF17FDE1F914FD2EF972" box="[622,721,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0–10 cm</quantity>
depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter =
<quantity id="EA124C90FF18FF17FEC9F970FE42F929" box="[326,445,1740,1765]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="0.125">0.125 mm</quantity>
).
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FE40F970FD3AF928" box="[463,709,1740,1765]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Sandulli, R., D'Addabbo, M. G., Morone de Lucia, M. R., D'Addabbo, R., Pietanza, R. &amp; Grimaldi de Zio, S. (1999) Preliminary investigations on meiofauna of two caves in San Domino Island (Tremiti Archipelago). Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6, 437 - 440." type="journal article">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FE40F970FDCDF928" bold="true" box="[463,562,1740,1765]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Sandulli</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FDB5F971FD8DF928" box="[570,626,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FDF6F970FD3AF928" bold="true" box="[633,709,1740,1765]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">(1999)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, Grimaldi de
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FCE5F970FBDCF928" box="[874,1059,1740,1765]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Hansen, J. G., D'Addabbo Gallo, M. &amp; Grimaldi De Zio, S. (2003) A comparison of morphological characters within the genus Rhomboarctus (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) with the description of two new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, (242) 1, 83 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00089" type="journal article">
Zio
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FC15F971FC2DF928" box="[922,978,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FC56F970FBDCF928" bold="true" box="[985,1059,1740,1765]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">(2003)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF18F94CFD8EF89D" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF48F953FD3DF8C5" bold="true" box="[199,706,1775,1800]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FF48F953FED8F8C5" box="[199,295,1775,1800]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="40.05">40°03′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FEBBF953FE70F8C5" box="[308,399,1775,1800]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="17.683332">17°41′E</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FE2FF953FDD3F8C5" box="[416,556,1775,1800]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="15" value="40.05472">40°03′17′′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FDB6F953FD3DF8C5" box="[569,706,1775,1800]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="15" value="17.766111">17°45′58′′E</geoCoordinate>
</emphasis>
[
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FD5FF953FCCCF8C5" box="[720,819,1775,1800]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="41.066666">41°04′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FCB1F953FC62F8C5" box="[830,925,1775,1800]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="17.083334">17°05′E</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FC3FF953FB82F8C5" bold="true" box="[944,1149,1775,1800]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<quantity id="EA124C90FF18FF17FC3FF953FC23F8C5" box="[944,988,1775,1800]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
bsl: [FAO37]
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF18FF17FB0BF953FB47F8C5" box="[1156,1208,1775,1800]" name="Italy" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Bari Province, near Bari, Mola di Bari-Porto Colombo,
<quantity id="EA124C90FF18FF17FDD8F8A8FD61F8E1" box="[599,670,1812,1837]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
offshore of Porto Colombo.
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FC6EF8A8FEEEF89D" bold="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
Grimaldi de Zio &amp; D’Addabbo
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FAD4F8A8FEEEF89D" author="Gallo" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="D'Addabbo Gallo, M., Grimaldi de Zio, S. &amp; Sanduli, R. (2001) Heterotardigrada of two submarine caves in S. Domino Island (Tremiti Islands) in the Mediterranean Sea with the description of two species of Stygarctidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 361 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00043" type="journal article" year="2001">Gallo (2001)</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FE90F88BFE1FF89D" bold="true" box="[287,480,1847,1872]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
Grimaldi de
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FE37F88BFE1FF89D" box="[440,480,1847,1872]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Hansen, J. G., D'Addabbo Gallo, M. &amp; Grimaldi De Zio, S. (2003) A comparison of morphological characters within the genus Rhomboarctus (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) with the description of two new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, (242) 1, 83 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00089" type="journal article">Zio</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FE68F885FDDFF89D" box="[487,544,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FDA9F88BFD8EF89D" bold="true" box="[550,625,1847,1872]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">(2003)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF18F8E0FEB8F8B8" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" box="[151,327,1884,1909]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF18F8E0FEB8F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,327,1884,1909]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Andaman Sea:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF18FF17FF18F83CFCBBF82D" blockId="134.[151,1437,1456,2016]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FF48F8C3FE17F855" bold="true" box="[199,488,1919,1944]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FF48F8C3FEAEF855" box="[199,337,1919,1944]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="15" value="11.6066675">11°36′24′′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FED1F8C3FE17F855" box="[350,488,1919,1944]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="15" value="92.64278">92°38′34′′E</geoCoordinate>
</emphasis>
[
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FE79F8C3FDA8F855" box="[502,599,1919,1944]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="11.6">11°36′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF18FF17FDECF8C3FD3DF855" box="[611,706,1919,1944]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" precision="925" value="92.61667">92°37′E</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FD59F83CFCCFF855" box="[726,816,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">0 m bsl:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FCB8F8C3FC60F855" bold="true" box="[823,927,1919,1944]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">[FAO57]</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF18FF17FC29F8C3FC1DF855" box="[934,994,1919,1944]" name="India" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">India</collectingCountry>
, Andaman and
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF18FF17FB1DF8C3FABAF855" box="[1170,1349,1919,1944]" name="India" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
, Bay of Bengal, South Andaman, Mandur or Wandur [Wandoor], intertidal, MWL,
<quantity id="EA124C90FF18FF17FBB3F818FB79F871" box="[1084,1158,1956,1980]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
below surface of sand, medium sand with rich organic debris.
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF18FF17FDF3F87BFCBBF82D" bold="true" box="[636,836,1991,2016]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF18FF17FDF3F87BFD09F82D" author="Rao" box="[636,758,1991,2016]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Rao, G. C. (1972) Occurrence of the interstitial tardigrade Parastygarctus higginsi Renaud-Debyser, in the intertidal sands on Andaman Islands. Current Science, 41, 845 - 846." type="journal article" year="1972">Rao (1972</bibRefCitation>
, 1975)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FF24FAE9FF18" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF48FF2BFE15FF7D" bold="true" box="[199,490,151,176]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FF48FF2BFEACFF7D" box="[199,339,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="15" value="10.6449995">10°38′42′′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FEEFFF2BFE15FF7D" box="[352,490,151,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="15" value="92.57166">92°34′18′′E</geoCoordinate>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FE76FF24FDAAFF7D" box="[505,597,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">0 m bsl:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FDD3FF2BFD3BFF7D" bold="true" box="[604,708,151,176]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">[FAO57]</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FD43FF2BFCF7FF7D" box="[716,776,151,176]" name="India" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">India</collectingCountry>
, Andaman and
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FC37FF2BFB93FF7D" box="[952,1132,151,176]" name="India" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
, Little Andaman, Hut Bay, intertidal, MWL,
<quantity id="EA124C90FF19FF16FE03FF00FE2EFF19" box="[396,465,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
below surface of sand, medium sand with little detritus.
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FBC2FF00FAE9FF18" bold="true" box="[1101,1302,188,213]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF19FF16FBC2FF00FB37FF18" author="Rao" box="[1101,1224,188,213]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refString="Rao, G. C. (1972) Occurrence of the interstitial tardigrade Parastygarctus higginsi Renaud-Debyser, in the intertidal sands on Andaman Islands. Current Science, 41, 845 - 846." type="journal article" year="1972">Rao (1972</bibRefCitation>
, 1975)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FF5CFD25FED0" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF48FF63FE06FF35" box="[199,505,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FF48FF63FEDBFF35" box="[199,292,223,248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="2.1833334">02°11′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FEA0FF63FE66FF35" box="[303,409,223,248]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="102.25">102°15′E</geoCoordinate>
; 0 m bsl
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FD87FF63FD8FFF35" bold="true" box="[520,624,223,248]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">[FAO71]</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FDF8FF63FD1EFF35" box="[631,737,223,248]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FD63FF63FCB4FF35" box="[748,843,223,248]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Malacca</collectingCountry>
State, Strait of
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FC76FF63FBA4FF35" box="[1017,1115,223,248]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Malacca</collectingCountry>
, Mallaca
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FB47FF63FAF0FF35" box="[1224,1295,223,248]" name="Iceland" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Island</collectingCountry>
, coarse sand with coral material.
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF19FF16FE27FEB8FD25FED0" author="Renaud-Mornant" box="[424,730,260,285]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refString="Renaud-Mornant, J. (1967 a) Parastygarctus higginsi Renaud-Debyser, 1965, sur la cote orientale de Malaisie. Description de la femelle (Tardigrada). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie 2 e, 39, 205 - 208." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FE27FEB8FD25FED0" bold="true" box="[424,730,260,285]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Renaud-Mornant (1967a)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FE9BFEABFE8D" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" box="[151,340,295,320]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF18FE9BFEABFE8D" bold="true" box="[151,340,295,320]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Atlantic Ocean:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FEF1FC48FE45" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF48FEF0FE5AFEA8" bold="true" box="[199,421,332,357]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FF48FEF0FED8FEA8" box="[199,295,332,357]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="41.616665">41°37′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FEB9FEF0FE60FEA8" box="[310,415,332,357]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="-71.316666">71°19′W</geoCoordinate>
;
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FE21FEF0FDFBFEA8" box="[430,516,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">0 m bsl</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FD9AFEF0FD83FEA8" bold="true" box="[533,636,332,357]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">[FAO21]</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FD09FEF0FD3EFEA9" box="[646,705,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">USA</collectingCountry>
, Rhode
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FCAFFEF0FC9BFEA8" box="[800,868,332,357]" name="Iceland" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Island</collectingCountry>
State, Newport County, Newport, upper barnacle zone and tubular forms of green algae (
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FD0FFED3FD49FE45" box="[640,694,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Ulya</emphasis>
).
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF19FF16FD42FED3FC48FE45" box="[717,951,367,392]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refString="Faurby, S., Jorgensen, A., Kristensen, R. M. &amp; Funch, P. (2012) Distribution and speciation in marine intertidal tardigrades: testing the roles of climatic and geographical isolation. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (9), 1596 - 1607. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02720. x" type="journal article">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FD42FED3FCD9FE45" bold="true" box="[717,806,367,392]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Faurby</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FCA2FECDFC9AFE45" box="[813,869,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FCE3FED3FC48FE45" bold="true" box="[876,951,367,392]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">(2012)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FE28FEBDFE60" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" box="[151,322,404,429]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF18FE28FEBDFE60" bold="true" box="[151,322,404,429]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Indian Ocean:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FE04FB39FE38" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF48FE0BFDEBFE1D" box="[199,532,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FF48FE0BFEDEFE1D" box="[199,289,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="-13.45">13°27′S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FEBAFE0BFE6EFE1D" box="[309,401,439,464]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="48.35">48°21′E</geoCoordinate>
; 0 m bsl:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FDABFE0BFCAEFE1D" bold="true" box="[548,849,439,464]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
[FAO51]
<typeStatus id="F2515FD7FF19FF16FD13FE0BFD28FE1D" box="[668,727,439,464]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Type</typeStatus>
Locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FCEEFE0BFB79FE1D" box="[865,1158,439,464]" name="Madagascar" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Republic of Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antsiranana Province, Nosykomba [
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FED3FE61FE65FE38" box="[348,410,477,501]" name="Iceland" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Komba
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FE75FE60FDBBFE38" box="[506,580,476,501]" name="Iceland" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Island</collectingCountry>
], beach, coarse sand and shelly.
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF19FF16FC23FE60FB39FE38" author="Renaud-Debyser" box="[940,1222,476,501]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refString="Renaud-Debyser, J. (1965) Parastygarctus higginsi n. g., n. sp., Tardigrade marin Interstitiel de Madagascar. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 260, 955 - 957." type="journal article" year="1965">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FC23FE60FB39FE38" bold="true" box="[940,1222,476,501]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Renaud-Debyser (1965)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FE43FE98FDD5" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" box="[151,359,511,536]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF18FE43FE98FDD5" bold="true" box="[151,359,511,536]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
South
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FF6BFE43FED2FDD5" box="[228,301,511,536]" name="China" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">China</collectingCountry>
Sea:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FD99FB02FDAD" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
•
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF48FD98FE6AFDF0" bold="true" box="[199,405,548,573]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FF48FD98FEE5FDF0" box="[199,282,548,573]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="6.9166665">6°55′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FEA5FD98FE6AFDF0" box="[298,405,548,573]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="102.75">102°45′E</geoCoordinate>
</emphasis>
[
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FE27FD98FDF5FDF0" box="[424,522,548,573]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="5.9166665">05°55′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="48DE87B2FF19FF16FD96FD98FD78FDF0" box="[537,647,548,573]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" precision="925" value="102.75">102°45′E</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FD11FD98FCFFFDF0" box="[670,768,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">0 m bsl:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FC84FD98FC8DFDF0" bold="true" box="[779,882,548,573]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">[FAO71]</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FCF2FD98FC18FDF0" box="[893,999,548,573]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Terengganu State, Perhentian
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FADFFD98FA68FDF0" box="[1360,1431,548,573]" name="Iceland" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Island</collectingCountry>
, coarse sand with coral material.
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FDBEFDFBFB02FDAD" bold="true" box="[561,1277,583,608]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<bibRefCitation id="497B9C84FF19FF16FDBEFDFBFC9BFDAD" author="Renaud-Mornant" box="[561,868,583,608]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refString="Renaud-Mornant, J. (1967 a) Parastygarctus higginsi Renaud-Debyser, 1965, sur la cote orientale de Malaisie. Description de la femelle (Tardigrada). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie 2 e, 39, 205 - 208." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">Renaud-Mornant (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
, Renaud-Mornant &amp; Srene (1967)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FDD0FDDAFD65" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF18FDD0FD5DFD48" bold="true" box="[151,674,620,645]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification):</emphasis>
Adriatic Sea: 2, Andaman Sea: 3, Atlantic Ocean: 1, Indian Ocean: 1, South
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FEA4FD33FE91FD65" box="[299,366,655,680]" name="China" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">China</collectingCountry>
Sea: 1;
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FE46FD33FDDAFD65" bold="true" box="[457,549,655,680]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">total: 8.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FD08FAD0FD00" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" box="[151,1327,692,717]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF18FD08FDA3FD00" bold="true" box="[151,604,692,717]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Record numbers (FAO classification):</emphasis>
FAO21: 1, FAO37: 2, FAO51: 1, FAO57: 2, FAO71: 2;
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FB5CFD08FAD0FD00" bold="true" box="[1235,1327,692,717]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">total: 8.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65F0B2FEFF19FF16FF18FD6BFE86FCFA" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2D55E175FF19FF16FF18FD6BFE86FCFA" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,823]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="1F9E3D67FF19FF16FF18FD6BFEF2FD3D" bold="true" box="[151,269,727,752]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Remarks:</emphasis>
Although this species was originally described from tropical beaches of
<collectingCountry id="55FDA1E5FF19FF16FB14FD6BFADDFD3D" box="[1179,1314,727,752]" name="Madagascar" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(southern hemisphere), all later reports are from the northern hemisphere from the tropics to the southern regions of the temperate zone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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