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<treatment id="88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968052" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75" lastPageId="216" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF4CB8A0FF6B41607BEF0900" box="[151,737,1593,1622]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4CB8A0FF6B41607BEF0900" blockId="214.[151,1437,1593,2016]" box="[151,737,1593,1622]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF4CB8A0FF6B41607BEF0900" box="[151,737,1593,1622]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4CB8A0FF6B41607B610907" authority="(Gnther, 1858 b)" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,623,1593,1622]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FF6B416078A60900" bold="true" box="[151,424,1593,1620]" italics="true" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Psammodynastes pictus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FE4541627B690907" author="Gnther, A." box="[441,615,1593,1622]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref311864" refString="Gnther, A. (1858 b) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 281 pp." type="book" year="1858">Ģnther, 1858b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FD7041607BEF0900" bold="true" box="[652,737,1593,1619]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF4CB8A1FF0B41047C6C0E12" lastPageId="215" lastPageNumber="216" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4CB8A0FF0B41047D8109B7" blockId="214.[151,1437,1593,2016]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF4CB8A0FF0B41047C920924" box="[247,1436,1629,1658]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF4CB8A0FF0B41047BE0092B" author="Gnther, A." box="[247,750,1629,1658]" page="251" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" year="1858">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4CB8A0FF0B41047BE0092B" authority="Gnther, 1858 b: 251" authorityName="Gnther" authorityPageNumber="251" authorityYear="1858" box="[247,750,1629,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FF0B41047B0F0924" box="[247,513,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Psammodynastes pictus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4CB8A0FDFB41067BE0092B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687401" box="[519,750,1629,1658]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FDFB41067BE0092B" author="Gnther, A." box="[519,750,1629,1658]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref311864" refString="Gnther, A. (1858 b) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 281 pp." type="book" year="1858">Ģnther, 1858b: 251</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 252.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4CB8A0FCCC41047A990924" box="[816,919,1629,1655]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(4): BMNH 1946.1.8.54–56, and 1946.1.9.88,
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4CB8A0FEAB41D87C920993" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688104" collectorName="de Haas" country="India" county="Sumatra" location="Borneo" municipality="Borneo" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1">
by original designation.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4CB8A0FD9041DB7BAA09CF" box="[620,676,1666,1692]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “
<location id="0526CCBEFF4CB8A0FCE741D87A7C09C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF4CB8A0FCE741D87A7C09C8" box="[795,882,1665,1691]" country="India" county="Sumatra" municipality="Borneo" name="Borneo" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Borneo</location>
” and “
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4CB8A0FC3C41D87D0E09C8" box="[960,1024,1665,1691]" name="India" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">India</collectingCountry>
,” the latter in error; later designated as “
<location id="0526CCBEFF4CB8A0FE7C41FC78EC09EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF4CB8A0FE7C41FC78EC09EC" box="[384,482,1701,1727]" country="India" county="Sumatra" municipality="Borneo" name="Sumatra" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Sumatra</location>
” and “
<collectingMunicipality id="E022001FFF4CB8A0FDD241FC7B8B09EC" box="[558,645,1701,1727]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Borneo</collectingMunicipality>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FD4641FC7AB009EC" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[698,958,1701,1727]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref292500" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae and Viperidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + 727 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger (1896: 174)</bibRefCitation>
; later designated as “
<collectingCounty id="E927E2E9FF4CB8A0FB5741FC7C0309EC" box="[1195,1293,1701,1727]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Sumatra</collectingCounty>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FABE41FC7C920993" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[1346,1436,1701,1728]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4CB8A0FABE41FC7C920993" box="[1346,1436,1701,1728]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">de Haas</collectorName>
</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
(1950: 584); later designated as “Borneo” by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FCA941907D8509B7" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." box="[853,1163,1737,1764]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref301675" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp." type="book" year="1996">David &amp; Vogel (1996: 125)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4CB8A0FF6B41B478240878" blockId="214.[151,1437,1593,2016]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
Painted Mock Viper (
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF4CB8A0FF634048782F0878" box="[159,289,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="368.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@368.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="368" captionText="FIGURE 24. A) Enhydris enhydris, B) Fordonia leucobalia, C) Gerarda prevostiana, D) Homalopsis buccata, E) Phytolopsis punctata, F) Raclitia indica, G) Psammodynastes pictus, and H) Asthenodipsas laevis. Photographs by: Joan Lee [A], Alex Figueroa [B–D], Holly Siow [E], Dennis Nathaniel Chan [F], Nick Baker [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960367/files/figure.png" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Figure 24G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4CB8A0FF6B406C7876081C" blockId="214.[151,1437,1593,2016]" box="[151,376,1845,1871]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FF6B406C7876081C" bold="true" box="[151,376,1845,1871]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4CB8A0FF6B406C781E081C" box="[151,272,1845,1871]" name="Singapore" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4CB8A1FF0B40007C6C0E12" blockId="214.[151,1437,1593,2016]" lastBlockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" lastPageId="215" lastPageNumber="216" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4CB8A0FF0B40007B080820" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1858" box="[247,518,1881,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FF0B40007B080820" box="[247,518,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">Psammodynastes pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sworder, 1923: 67 (Serangoon).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FC5340007D980827" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[943,1174,1881,1908]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 584</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FCF140247AA408CB" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[781,938,1917,1944]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 75</bibRefCitation>
, 147.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FBC140247C3E08CB" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[1085,1328,1917,1944]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FB8340277DBB08C4" box="[1151,1205,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FEAB40F87B1708E8" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[343,537,1953,1979]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" pagination="213 - 227" refId="ref325841" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1994 b) Reptiles. In: Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Wee, Y. C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 213 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1994">Lim, 1994b: 218</bibRefCitation>
, 331.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4CB8A0FD1040FB7A2808E8" box="[748,806,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="214" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995: 118.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FC3B40F87DFB08E8" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." box="[967,1269,1953,1979]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref301675" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp." type="book" year="1996">David &amp; Vogel, 1996: 126</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4CB8A0FAEB40F87C9208E8" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." box="[1303,1436,1953,1979]" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp;</bibRefCitation>
Grossmann, 1997: 379.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 382 (Nee Soon Range [NSSF]).—Chanard
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FE7C47CE78B90FE2" box="[384,439,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 35.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FDBF47CF7A750FE2" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[579,891,150,177]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 77</bibRefCitation>
.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FB9047CE7C190FE2" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1132,1303,151,177]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 147</bibRefCitation>
.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 113, 161.—R.A.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FD1547E27D340F86" author="Chong, R. A. &amp; McGuire, J. A." box="[745,1082,187,213]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="112" refId="ref296895" refString="Chong, R. A. &amp; McGuire, J. A. (2008) Geographic distribution: Psammodynastes pictus. Herpetological Review, 39 (1), 112." type="journal article" year="2008">Chong &amp; McGuire, 2008: 112</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FB1C47E27C160F86" box="[1248,1304,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 165, 265.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FE5947877B5D0FAA" author="Das, I." box="[421,595,222,249]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 339</bibRefCitation>
.—D.C.J. Yeo
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FD0D47867A270FAA" box="[753,809,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 155.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FBBE47867D740FAA" box="[1090,1146,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 390.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 113, 161.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FD68465A7A450E4E" author="Das, I." box="[660,843,259,285]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 122</bibRefCitation>
.—Stuebing
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FC26465A7D1C0E4E" box="[986,1042,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 201.—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FAEA465A7C410E4E" box="[1302,1359,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 585.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FE5F467F7B700E12" author="de Lang, R." box="[419,638,294,321]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref302593" refString="de Lang, R. (2017) The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 435 pp." type="book" year="2017">de Lang, 2017: 301</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FD5D467E7A330E12" author="Das, I." box="[673,829,295,321]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 92</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FCA2467E7D590E12" author="Asad, S. &amp; Wilting, A. &amp; Siku, J. &amp; Roedel, M. O." box="[862,1111,295,321]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="411 - 415" refId="ref289056" refString="Asad, S., Wilting, A., Siku, J. &amp; Roedel, M. O. (2020) Possible spatial separation at macro-habitat scales between two congeneric Psammodynastes species, including observations of fishing behaviour in Psammodynastes pictus. SALAMANDRA, 56 (4), 411 - 415." type="journal article" year="2020">
Asad
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FC5D467E7AD70E12" box="[929,985,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020: 411
</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FB84467E7C530E12" author="Charlton, T." box="[1144,1373,295,321]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 207</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF4DB8A1FF0B461278950EDA" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF0B461278950EDA" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF4DB8A1FF0B461278950EDA" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FF0B46127B080E37" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1858" box="[247,518,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF0B46127B080E37" box="[247,518,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Psammodynastes pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part)—K.K.P.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF4DB8A1FD3D46127AAE0E36" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[705,928,331,357]" page="11" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FD3D46127AAE0E36" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[705,928,331,357]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="11 - 12" refId="ref325632" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1991 b) A note on the Painted Mock Viper, Psammodynastes pictus (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in Singapore. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 11 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Lim, 1991b: 11–12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Peirce Reservoir; Upper Seletar Reservoir Park).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF4DB8A1FF6B46CA7B530CD2" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B46CA7B8B0C0E" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B46CA78050EFE" bold="true" box="[151,267,403,429]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FEEE46CA7B120EFF" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1858" box="[274,540,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FEEE46CA7B120EFF" box="[274,540,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Psammodynastes pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first recorded in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FCF346CA7A8F0EFE" box="[783,897,403,429]" name="Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Singapore</collectingCountry>
by Sworder (1923) who examined a live, young specimen collected at Serangoon and taken to the Raffles Museum by Chambers. However,
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF4DB8A1FB1646EE7C930E82" box="[1258,1437,439,465]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
collected by Houscal were entered into the collections at MNHN in 1893. After Sworder (1923),
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FAC146827C920EA7" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1858" box="[1341,1436,475,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FAC146827C920EA7" box="[1341,1436,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">P. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was then not reported in the literature until
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FD0746A67AE90D4A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chou, L. M." box="[763,999,511,537]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="49 - 59" refId="ref326283" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chou, L. M. (1990) The herpetofauna of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology: Papers commemorating the 40 th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 49 - 59." type="book chapter" year="1990">Lim &amp; Chou (1990)</bibRefCitation>
included it in their checklist. After a period of not being reported for 68 years (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF4DB8A1FD29457A7A230D6E" box="[725,813,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FCB8457A7ADD0D6E" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[836,979,547,573]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="11 - 12" refId="ref325632" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1991 b) A note on the Painted Mock Viper, Psammodynastes pictus (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in Singapore. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 11 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Lim (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
wrote a note on
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FB68457A7DFD0D6F" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1858" box="[1172,1267,547,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FB68457A7DFD0D6F" box="[1172,1267,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">P. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after Chia and Ng collected ZRC.2.3279 at USRP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FD4D451E7A430D32" box="[689,845,583,609]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1991-05-29">29 May 1991</date>
. The note also included Sworder’s (1923) specimen (ZRC.2.3280) and ZRC.2.3281 which was collected by Taylor at Peirce Reservoir in
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FB4445327C530DD6" box="[1208,1373,618,645]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1956-02">February 1956</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FA924532784F0DFA" author="Lim, K. K. P." pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="11 - 12" refId="ref325632" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1991 b) A note on the Painted Mock Viper, Psammodynastes pictus (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in Singapore. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 11 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Lim 1991b</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FEAA45D678E90DFA" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[342,487,655,681]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="11 - 12" refId="ref325632" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1991 b) A note on the Painted Mock Viper, Psammodynastes pictus (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in Singapore. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 11 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Lim (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned records of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FCDD45D67A8F0DFB" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1858" box="[801,897,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FCDD45D67A8F0DFB" box="[801,897,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">P. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from an unpublished manuscript by Cross, but upon re-examination the descriptions provided by Cross actually match
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FBCF45EA7C060D9E" baseAuthorityName="Lim" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1075,1288,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibynophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FBCF45EA7C060D9E" box="[1075,1288,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">S. melanocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(K.K.P. Lim unpub. data). The only other records include ZRC.2.3488 collected at NSSF in 1994, BPBM 7186 collected by Johnson in 1955 at NSSF, MCZ R-58888 from Seletar Reservoir collected by Hendrickson in 1957, one seen at NSSF on
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FE4B44467B610C6A" box="[439,623,799,825]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="2006-02-02">2 February 2006</date>
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF4DB8A1FD8244467BED0C6A" box="[638,739,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="368.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@368.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="368" captionText="FIGURE 24. A) Enhydris enhydris, B) Fordonia leucobalia, C) Gerarda prevostiana, D) Homalopsis buccata, E) Phytolopsis punctata, F) Raclitia indica, G) Psammodynastes pictus, and H) Asthenodipsas laevis. Photographs by: Joan Lee [A], Alex Figueroa [B–D], Holly Siow [E], Dennis Nathaniel Chan [F], Nick Baker [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960367/files/figure.png" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
) (N. Baker pers. comm.), and one photographed at NSSF on
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FA72444778830C0E" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="2015-01-05">5 January 2015</date>
(Y. Cai pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B443F7B530CD2" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" box="[151,605,870,897]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B443F78240CD3" bold="true" box="[151,298,870,896]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Restricted to CCNR. Rare.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF4DB8A1FF6B44D37C690888" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B44D37A070CF6" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" box="[151,777,906,933]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B44D37B0A0CF6" bold="true" box="[151,516,906,933]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FF6B44D3781E0CF7" box="[151,272,906,932]" name="Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Critically Endangered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B44F77B090C9A" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" box="[151,519,942,969]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B44F778AF0C9B" bold="true" box="[151,417,942,968]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B448B7BDB0CBE" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" box="[151,725,978,1005]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B448B78DC0CBE" bold="true" box="[151,466,978,1005]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2021].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B44AF7B3D0B0A" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B44AF7AD70B42" bold="true" box="[151,985,1014,1041]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FF6B44AF7ADA0B42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688582" box="[151,980,1014,1041]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Museum" location="Nee Soon Swamp Forest" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FF6B44AF78160B43" box="[151,280,1014,1040]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FEC344AE78A30B42" box="[319,429,1015,1041]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FE4944AE7B130B42" box="[437,541,1015,1041]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Museum</collectorName>
specimens.
<location id="0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FD5044AE7ADA0B42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FD5044AE7ADA0B42" box="[684,980,1014,1041]" name="Nee Soon Swamp Forest" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Nee Soon Swamp Forest</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FC1D44AE7C990B43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687464" box="[993,1431,1014,1041]" collectionCode="ZRC" location="Peirce Reservoir" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FC1D44AE7D170B42" box="[993,1049,1015,1041]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3488 (1994);
<location id="0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FB3144AF7C990B43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FB3144AF7C990B43" box="[1229,1431,1014,1040]" name="Peirce Reservoir" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FB3144AF7C990B43" bold="true" box="[1229,1431,1014,1040]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Peirce Reservoir</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FA6B44AF7C920B43" bold="true" box="[1431,1436,1014,1040]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FF0B43427AA90B66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688011" box="[247,935,1050,1077]" collectingDate="1956-02" collectionCode="ZRC, USRP" location="Seletar Reservoir Park" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FF0B4342783E0B66" box="[247,304,1051,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3281 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FE6A43437B060B66" box="[406,520,1050,1077]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1956-02">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF4DB8A1FE6A43437B060B66" box="[406,520,1050,1077]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1956-02">Feb-1956</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FDDD43437AA90B66" bold="true" box="[545,935,1050,1077]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<location id="0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FDDD43437A330B66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FDDD43437A330B66" box="[545,829,1050,1077]" name="Seletar Reservoir Park" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Seletar Reservoir Park</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FCAF43437A920B67" box="[851,924,1050,1076]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">USRP</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FC5B43427AA10B66" bold="true" box="[935,943,1051,1077]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FC4743427C990B67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689770" box="[955,1431,1050,1077]" collectingDate="1991-05-29" collectionCode="ZRC" location="Serangoon" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FC4743427AFD0B66" box="[955,1011,1051,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3279 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FBA643427DF40B66" box="[1114,1274,1051,1077]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1991-05-29">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF4DB8A1FBA643427DF40B66" box="[1114,1274,1051,1077]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1991-05-29">29-May-1991</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<location id="0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FAEF43437C990B67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF4DB8A1FAEF43437C990B67" box="[1299,1431,1050,1076]" name="Serangoon" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FAEF43437C990B67" bold="true" box="[1299,1431,1050,1076]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Serangoon</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FA6B43437C920B67" bold="true" box="[1431,1436,1050,1076]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FF0B43667B210B0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688478" box="[247,559,1087,1113]" collectingDate="1923-02-10" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FF0B436678210B0A" box="[247,303,1087,1113]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3280 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF4DB8A1FE6D43667B290B0A" box="[401,551,1087,1113]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1923-02-10">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF4DB8A1FE6D43667B290B0A" box="[401,551,1087,1113]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" value="1923-02-10">10-Feb-1923</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B433B7AA50BF2" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B433B7AC80B2F" bold="true" box="[151,966,1122,1149]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FEDF433B78920B2F" box="[291,412,1122,1148]" name="Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FD59433B7A100B2F" box="[677,798,1122,1148]" name="Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FC2E433A7D240B2E" box="[978,1066,1123,1149]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FBC6433A7D8F0B2E" box="[1082,1153,1123,1149]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">NMW</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FB68433A78C00BF2" bold="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
Nee Soon Freshwater Swamp [=
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FE8B43DF78B50BF3" box="[375,443,1158,1184]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">NSSF</collectionCode>
]:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FE2943DE7B280BF2" box="[469,550,1159,1185]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FDCE43DF7A6E0BF2" bold="true" box="[562,864,1158,1185]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Seletar Reservoir Jungle:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FC9B43DE7AA90BF2" box="[871,935,1159,1185]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B43F37B460BBA" blockId="215.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B43F378860B97" bold="true" box="[151,392,1194,1220]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FF6B43F3781E0B97" box="[151,272,1194,1220]" name="Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Peirce Reservoir (not specified)—Serangoon (not specified)*— Upper Seletar Reservoir Park.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FDE142157D180A35" blockId="215.[541,1046,1356,1382]" box="[541,1046,1356,1382]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FDE142157D180A35" bold="true" box="[541,1046,1356,1382]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
Family
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FD8042157A810A35" authority="Romer, 1956" authorityName="Romer" authorityYear="1956" box="[636,911,1356,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pareidae Romer, 1956</taxonomicName>
(2 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B42CD7A5D0AFD" blockId="215.[151,851,1428,1455]" box="[151,851,1428,1455]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
Pareinae Romer, 1856: 583 (
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4DB8A1FE2B42CD7B070AFD" box="[471,521,1428,1454]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">type</typeStatus>
genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FDA442CC7A480AFD" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[600,838,1428,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Pareas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FDA442CC7BA80AFD" box="[600,678,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Pareas</emphasis>
Wagler, 1830
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FDF8428B7D3E0ABF" blockId="215.[516,1072,1490,1517]" box="[516,1072,1490,1517]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FDF8428B7D3E0ABF" bold="true" box="[516,1072,1490,1517]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FDA7428B7AA70ABF" authority="Peters, 1864" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" box="[603,937,1490,1517]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Asthenodipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FDA7428B7A070ABE" bold="true" box="[603,777,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Asthenodipsas</emphasis>
Peters, 1864
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B41427862090A" blockId="215.[151,1436,1563,1625]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FF6B41427B1D0966" authority="Peters, 1864: 273" authorityName="Peters" authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,531,1563,1589]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Asthenodipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B414278370966" box="[151,313,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Asthenodipsas</emphasis>
Peters, 1864: 273
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4DB8A1FDDB41427B570966" box="[551,601,1563,1589]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FD3641427D9C0966" authority="Peters, 1864" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" box="[714,1170,1563,1589]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Asthenodipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malaccana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FD3641427AFD0966" box="[714,1011,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Asthenodipsas malaccana</emphasis>
Peters, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy; gender feminine).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B41247AD309C4" blockId="215.[151,1436,1661,2012]" box="[151,989,1661,1688]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FF6B4124788809CB" baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[151,390,1661,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Asthenodipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B4124788809CB" bold="true" box="[151,390,1661,1688]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Asthenodipsas laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FE6A412478E009C4" box="[406,494,1661,1687]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">H. Boie</collectorName>
in
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FDED41277B6B09C4" box="[529,613,1661,1688]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">F. Boie</collectorName>
, 1827)—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FD3141247AD309C4" bold="true" box="[717,989,1661,1687]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FD3141247A1109C4" box="[717,799,1661,1687]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Native</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FCD741247AD309C4" box="[811,989,1661,1687]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Indeterminate.</collectorName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF0B41F87A0B0874" blockId="215.[151,1436,1661,2012]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FF0B41F87B5709E8" authority="H. Boie" authorityName="H. Boie" box="[247,601,1697,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amblycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF0B41F878FE09E8" box="[247,496,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Amblycephalus laevis</emphasis>
H. Boie
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FD7B41FB7BEE09E8" box="[647,736,1697,1724]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">F. Boie</collectorName>
, 1827: 520.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FC8641FB7BC1098C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687439" collectionCode="RMNH" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4DB8A1FC8641FB7AE009EF" box="[890,1006,1698,1724]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FC0241FB7DA509E8" box="[1022,1195,1697,1724]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">RMNH.RENA</collectionCode>
.986B, designated by Grossman &amp; Tillack (2003: 182)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FD21419C7C92098C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688970" box="[733,1436,1733,1760]" collectionCode="RMNH" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4DB8A1FD21419C7A71098C" box="[733,895,1733,1759]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(2):
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF4DB8A1FC44419F7D6C098C" box="[952,1122,1733,1760]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">RMNH.RENA</collectionCode>
.986A and C, designated by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FEAB41B07BD50857" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688338" box="[343,731,1769,1796]" collectorName="Grossman &amp; Tillack" location="None" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FEAB41B078C70850" box="[343,457,1769,1795]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Grossman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF4DB8A1FE0841B07B4C0850" box="[500,578,1769,1795]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Tillack</collectorName>
(2003: 185).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF4DB8A1FD1941B37A0B0874" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687626" collectorName="Grossman &amp; Tillack" location="None" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF4DB8A1FD1941B37A130857" box="[741,797,1770,1796]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Type</typeStatus>
locality: None stated/traced; later designated as “
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF4DB8A1FA9E41B07C960850" box="[1378,1432,1769,1795]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FEAB405478C80874" box="[343,454,1805,1831]" name="Indonesia" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
” via lectotyope designation.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B406878870823" blockId="215.[151,1436,1661,2012]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
Smooth Slug-eating Snake (
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF4DB8A1FF63400C7825083C" box="[159,299,1877,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="368.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@368.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="368" captionText="FIGURE 24. A) Enhydris enhydris, B) Fordonia leucobalia, C) Gerarda prevostiana, D) Homalopsis buccata, E) Phytolopsis punctata, F) Raclitia indica, G) Psammodynastes pictus, and H) Asthenodipsas laevis. Photographs by: Joan Lee [A], Alex Figueroa [B–D], Holly Siow [E], Dennis Nathaniel Chan [F], Nick Baker [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960367/files/figure.png" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Figures 24H</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF4DB8A1FEAC400C788F0823" box="[336,385,1877,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="369.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@369.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="369" captionText="FIGURE 25. A) Asthenodipsas laevis, B) Pareas margaritophorus, C) Malayopython reticulatus, D) Python brongersmai, E) Python brongersmai, F) Argyrophis muelleri, G) Indotyphlops braminus, and H) Ramphotyphlops lineatus. Photographs by: Evan S.H. Quah [A, E], Alex Figueroa [B–C, G], Kelvin K.P. Lim [D, H], and Nick Baker [F]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960371/files/figure.png" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">25A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF6B4020787608C0" blockId="215.[151,1436,1661,2012]" box="[151,376,1913,1939]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF6B4020787608C0" bold="true" box="[151,376,1913,1939]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF4DB8A1FF6B4020781E08C0" box="[151,272,1913,1939]" name="Singapore" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF4DB8A1FF0B40C47C690888" blockId="215.[151,1436,1661,2012]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF4DB8A1FF0B40C478EE08E4" baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[247,480,1949,1975]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Asthenodipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF4DB8A1FF0B40C478EE08E4" box="[247,480,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="215" pageNumber="216">Asthenodipsas laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—F.L.K. Lim, 2009: 463, 464 (Singapore Zoo).—N.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FBD040C47C6708E4" author="Baker, N. &amp; Thomas, N." box="[1068,1385,1949,1975]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" pagination="337 - 338" refId="ref290025" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Thomas, N. (2014) Second record of the smooth slug snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 337 - 338." type="journal article" year="2014">Baker &amp; Thomas, 2014: 337</bibRefCitation>
, 338 (Old Upper Thomson Road).—M.E.Y. Low &amp; Pocklington, 2019: 286.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF4DB8A1FB7040987C6D0888" author="Charlton, T." box="[1164,1379,1985,2011]" pageId="215" pageNumber="216" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 83</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF42B8AEFF6B47CE783A0E82" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B47CE7C3B0EDA" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B47CE78050FE2" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,177]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Remarks.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF42B8AEFECD47CE78AB0FE2" box="[305,421,151,177]" name="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF42B8AEFE4D47CE7B1C0FE2" baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[433,530,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Asthenodipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFE4D47CE7B1C0FE2" box="[433,530,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">A. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only two records. The first was of a specimen found in a drain at
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF42B8AEFF0B47E278670F86" box="[247,361,187,213]" name="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Singapore</collectingCountry>
Zoo in 1978 (Lim 2009). At that time, the record was never published. Although the specimen was collected and preserved, it is no longer extant. Lim (2009) only published the record after he later rediscovered his notes regarding the record. The second record was made much more recently, when a roadkill specimen was found along OUTR on the morning of
<date id="7447BCA5FF42B8AEFC5A467E7D5E0E12" box="[934,1104,295,321]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" value="2014-01-08">8 January 2014</date>
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF42B8AEFBA3467E7DCB0E12" box="[1119,1221,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="368.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@368.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="368" captionText="FIGURE 24. A) Enhydris enhydris, B) Fordonia leucobalia, C) Gerarda prevostiana, D) Homalopsis buccata, E) Phytolopsis punctata, F) Raclitia indica, G) Psammodynastes pictus, and H) Asthenodipsas laevis. Photographs by: Joan Lee [A], Alex Figueroa [B–D], Holly Siow [E], Dennis Nathaniel Chan [F], Nick Baker [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960367/files/figure.png" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Fig. 24H</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF42B8AEFB27467E783A0E36" author="Baker, N. &amp; Thomas, N." pageId="216" pageNumber="217" pagination="337 - 338" refId="ref290025" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Thomas, N. (2014) Second record of the smooth slug snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 337 - 338." type="journal article" year="2014">Baker &amp; Thomas 2014</bibRefCitation>
).Although a bit damaged, the specimen was deposited at LKCNHM for preservation.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF42B8AEFB1C4612784C0EDA" author="Baker, N. &amp; Thomas, N." pageId="216" pageNumber="217" pagination="337 - 338" refId="ref290025" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Thomas, N. (2014) Second record of the smooth slug snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 337 - 338." type="journal article" year="2014">Baker &amp; Thomas (2014)</bibRefCitation>
provided various photographs illustrating certain morphological characters of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B46CB783A0E82" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B46CB78240EFF" bold="true" box="[151,298,402,428]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Occurrence.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF42B8AEFECC46CA78210E82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689351" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="2">
Known only from
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF42B8AEFE0346CA7B960EFE" box="[511,664,403,429]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF42B8AEFD2746CA7A430EFE" box="[731,845,403,429]" name="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Singapore</collectingCountry>
Zoo in 1978 and
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF42B8AEFBED46CA7DA40EFE" box="[1041,1194,403,429]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
from OUTR in 2014. Rare
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF42B8AEFF6B46837D090C75" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B46837A070EA6" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[151,777,474,501]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B46837B0A0EA6" bold="true" box="[151,516,474,501]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF42B8AEFF6B4683781E0EA7" box="[151,272,474,500]" name="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Critically Endangered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B46A77B090D4A" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[151,519,510,537]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B46A778AF0D4B" bold="true" box="[151,417,510,536]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B457B7BDB0D6E" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[151,725,546,573]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B457B78DC0D6E" bold="true" box="[151,466,546,573]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2012].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B451F7C210D32" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[151,1327,582,609]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B451F7AFE0D32" bold="true" box="[151,1008,582,609]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF42B8AEFF6B451F7AE50D32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689588" box="[151,1003,582,609]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" county="Upper Thomson Road" location="Museum" municipality="Old Upper Thomson Road" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF42B8AEFF6B451F78160D33" box="[151,280,582,608]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF42B8AEFEC2451E78A20D32" box="[318,428,583,609]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<location id="0526CCBEFF42B8AEFE4F451E7B150D32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF4CB8AEFF6B41607D090C75:0526CCBEFF42B8AEFE4F451E7B150D32" box="[435,539,583,609]" county="Upper Thomson Road" municipality="Old Upper Thomson Road" name="Museum" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Museum</location>
specimens.
<collectingMunicipality id="E022001FFF42B8AEFD56451F7AE50D32" box="[682,1003,582,609]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
Old
<collectingCounty id="E927E2E9FF42B8AEFD22451E7AE50D32" box="[734,1003,583,609]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Upper Thomson Road</collectingCounty>
</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF42B8AEFC0B451E7C250D32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688436" box="[1015,1323,583,609]" collectingDate="2014-01-08" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF42B8AEFC0B451E7D210D32" box="[1015,1071,583,609]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7079 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF42B8AEFB6D451E7C2C0D32" box="[1169,1314,583,609]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" value="2014-01-08">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF42B8AEFB6D451E7C2C0D32" box="[1169,1314,583,609]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" value="2014-01-08">08-Jan-2014</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B45337A390DD6" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[151,823,618,645]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B45337B840DD7" bold="true" box="[151,650,618,645]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF42B8AEFEE2453378990DD7" box="[286,407,618,644]" name="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFF6B45D77A8E0DFA" blockId="216.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[151,896,654,681]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFF6B45D778880DFB" bold="true" box="[151,390,654,680]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF42B8AEFF6B45D7781E0DFB" box="[151,272,654,680]" name="Singapore" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Old Upper Thomson Road—Singapore Zoo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF42B8AEFDD144557D090C75" blockId="216.[557,1031,780,806]" box="[557,1031,780,806]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFDD144557D090C75" bold="true" box="[557,1031,780,806]" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF42B8AEFD7844557A8E0C75" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[644,896,780,806]" class="Reptilia" family="Pareatidae" genus="Pareas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="216" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF42B8AEFD7844557BD90C75" bold="true" box="[644,727,780,806]" italics="true" pageId="216" pageNumber="217">Pareas</emphasis>
Wagler, 1830
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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