treatments-xml/data/88/50/2B/88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86.xml

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<mods:title id="79619C5E941A89A2E4B690AE2848E98E">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF6B431678890B39" ID-CoL="PRBX" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[151,391,1103,1130]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B431678890B39" bold="true" box="[151,391,1103,1130]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Calliophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
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(H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827)— 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFD3243097A2D0B39" bold="true" box="[718,803,1104,1130]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Native.</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF27B8CBFF0B432D7BC80BE1" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B432D7B1D0BDD" authority="H. Boie" authorityName="H. Boie" box="[247,531,1140,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Elaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B432D78BF0BDD" box="[247,433,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Elaps bivirgatus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF27B8CBFE46432C7B1D0BDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689286" box="[442,531,1140,1167]" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="F. Boie" country="Indonesia" location="Java" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur" typeStatus="holotype">H. Boie</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF27B8CBFDC7432C7B9E0BDD" box="[571,656,1140,1167]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">F. Boie</collectorName>
, 1827: 556. 
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: RMNH.RENA.1435, by original designation. Type locality: “ 
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF27B8CBFDFF43C17B340BE1" box="[515,570,1176,1202]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Java</collectingRegion>
”, 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFDAD43C17BCC0BE1" box="[593,706,1176,1202]" name="Indonesia" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF27B8CBFF6B43E57B2B0BA9" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B43E578CB0B85" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[151,453,1212,1238]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Blue Malayan Coral Snake</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF6B43B97B2B0BA9" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[151,549,1248,1275]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF27B8CBFF6343B9782F0BA9" box="[159,289,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="365.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@365.[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="365" captionText="FIGURE 21. A) Xenochrophis vittatus, B) Sibynophis melanocephalus, C) Cylindrophis ruffus, D) Aipysurus eydouxii, E) Aipysurus eydouxii, F) Bungarus fasciatus, G) Calliophis bivirgatus, and H) Calliophis gracilis. Photographs by: Thio Hui Bing [A], Alex Figueroa [B], Nick Baker [C], Kelvin K.P. Lim [D], Ria Tan [E], Law Ing Sind [F], Mary-Ruth Low [G], and Evan S.H. Quah [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960361/files/figure.png" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Figure 21G</figureCitation>
; Windsor Nature Park)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF6B425D78760A4D" bold="true" box="[151,376,1284,1310]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF27B8CBFF6B425D781E0A4D" box="[151,272,1284,1310]" name="Singapore" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B42717BE80A11" box="[247,742,1320,1346]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B427178A10A11" box="[247,431,1320,1346]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B427178A10A11" box="[247,431,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Elaps bivirgatus</emphasis>
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var.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE0642717BEC0A11" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[506,738,1320,1346]" page="1031" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE0642717BEC0A11" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[506,738,1320,1346]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847c: 1031</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B42157ACF0A35" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[247,961,1356,1383]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B42157ACF0A35" box="[247,961,1356,1383]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B421578DF0A35" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1857" box="[247,465,1356,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Doliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B421578DF0A35" box="[247,465,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Doliophis flaviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE1042157BCE0A35" author="Girard, C." box="[492,704,1356,1383]" page="182" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1858">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE1042157BCE0A35" author="Girard, C." box="[492,704,1356,1383]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="181 - 182" refId="ref307345" refString="Girard, C. (1858 a) Descriptions of some new Reptiles, collected by the US. Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Third Part. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 181 - 182." type="journal article" year="1858">Girard, 1858a: 182</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFD1F42157AB20A35" author="Girard, C." box="[739,956,1356,1383]" page="177" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1858">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFD1F42157AB20A35" author="Girard, C." box="[739,956,1356,1383]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref307400" refString="Girard, C. (1858 b) United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott and Company, xvii + 496 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1858">Girard, 1858b: 177</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B42297DB40AD9" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[247,1210,1392,1419]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B42297DB40AD9" box="[247,1210,1392,1419]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B422978D20AD9" box="[247,476,1392,1418]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Callophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B422978D20AD9" box="[247,476,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Callophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE0542287BB40AD9" author="Dennys, N. B." box="[505,698,1392,1419]" page="3" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE0542287BB40AD9" author="Dennys, N. B." box="[505,698,1392,1419]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref302898" refString="Dennys, N. B. (1880 a) The snakes of Singapore I. Singapore Daily Times, 20 December 1880, 2 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1880">Dennys, 1880a: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFD2042297ACD0AD9" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[732,963,1392,1418]" page="216" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFD2042297ACD0AD9" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[732,963,1392,1418]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref291608" refString="Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596" type="journal article" year="1881">Blanford, 1881: 216</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFC1842297DB80AD9" author="Davison, W." box="[996,1206,1392,1418]" page="92" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFC1842297DB80AD9" author="Davison, W." box="[996,1206,1392,1418]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref302240" refString="Davison, W. (1892) The snakes of Singapore. Singapore and Straits Directory, 1892, 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="1892">Davison, 1892: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B42CD7BDC0AFC" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[247,722,1428,1455]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B42CD78EB0AFD" box="[247,485,1428,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Adenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B42CD78EB0AFD" box="[247,485,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Adenophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sclater, 1891a: 57.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B42E17ACA0AA4" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B42E17ACA0AA4" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B42E178EF0A81" ID-CoL="88LP9" box="[247,481,1464,1490]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Doliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B42E178EF0A81" box="[247,481,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Doliophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE0142E17BFA0A81" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[509,756,1464,1490]" page="401" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE0142E17BFA0A81" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[509,756,1464,1490]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref292500" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae and Viperidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + 727 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896: 401</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFCE942E17AE40A80" author="Flower, S. S." box="[789,1002,1464,1491]" page="895" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFCE942E17AE40A80" author="Flower, S. S." box="[789,1002,1464,1491]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 895</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFBF742E17DEF0A81" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1035,1249,1464,1491]" page="692" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFBF742E17DEF0A81" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1035,1249,1464,1491]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 692</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 202, 209.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE2042857BB40AA4" author="de Rooij, N." box="[476,698,1500,1527]" page="251" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE2042857BB40AA4" author="de Rooij, N." box="[476,698,1500,1527]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref303264" refString="de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610" type="book" year="1917">de Rooij, 1917: 251</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFD2742857ACE0AA4" author="Moulton, J. C." box="[731,960,1500,1527]" page="567" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFD2742857ACE0AA4" author="Moulton, J. C." box="[731,960,1500,1527]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="557 - 577" refId="ref331801" refString="Moulton, J. C. (1922) Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1920. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1921. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 557 - 577." type="book chapter" year="1922">Moulton, 1922: 567</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B41597D2A0949" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[247,1060,1536,1563]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B41597D2A0949" box="[247,1060,1536,1563]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B415978D00949" ID-CoL="88LP9" box="[247,478,1536,1562]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Doliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B415978D00949" box="[247,478,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Doliophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. B— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFDBF41597A190949" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[579,791,1536,1562]" page="20" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFDBF41597A190949" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[579,791,1536,1562]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 20</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFCC541597D2E0949" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[825,1056,1536,1562]" page="17" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFCC541597D2E0949" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[825,1056,1536,1562]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B417C7A480899" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B417C7A480899" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B417C78D7096D" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1922" box="[247,473,1572,1598]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Maticora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgata">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B417C78D7096D" box="[247,473,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Maticora bivirgata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sworder, 1923: 72.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFD03417D7AF8096D" author="Harman, A. J. E." box="[767,1014,1572,1598]" page="182" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFD03417D7AF8096D" author="Harman, A. J. E." box="[767,1014,1572,1598]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref312763" refString="Harman, A. J. E. (1961) A collection of snakes from Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 15 (3 - 4), 181 - 183." type="journal article" year="1961">Harman, 1961: 182</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—D.S. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFBA0417D7C4B096D" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[1116,1349,1572,1598]" page="27" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFBA0417D7C4B096D" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[1116,1349,1572,1598]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson, 1964: 27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—D.H. Murphy, 1973: 68 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—Sharma, 1973: 236.—F. Lim, 1988: 4 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Sime Road [SRF]).—K. Lim &amp; F. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFBF141357DCD09D4" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[1037,1219,1644,1671]" page="50" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFBF141357DCD09D4" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[1037,1219,1644,1671]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="49 - 51" refId="ref325330" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1988 b) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1988">Lim, 1988b: 50</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Nee Soon Range [NSSF]).—K. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE0341C97BBD09F9" author="Lim, K." box="[511,691,1680,1706]" page="64" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE0341C97BBD09F9" author="Lim, K." box="[511,691,1680,1706]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="63 - 66" refId="ref325173" refString="Lim, K. (1989 h) Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. The Pangolin, 2 (4), 63 - 66." type="journal article" year="1989">Lim, 1989h: 64</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Fern Valley [BTNR]).—F.L.K. Lim &amp; M.T.-M. Lee, 1989: 83, 115.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE5F41ED7BEA099D" author="Gopalakrishnakone, P." box="[419,740,1716,1742]" page="3" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE5F41ED7BEA099D" author="Gopalakrishnakone, P." box="[419,740,1716,1742]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref308195" refString="Gopalakrishnakone, P. (1990) A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. Singapore University Press, Singapore, 156 pp." type="book" year="1990">Gopalakrishnakone, 1990: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—F.L.K. Lim, 1991: 73.—D.S. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFE3241817B9409A1" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[462,666,1752,1778]" page="38" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFE3241817B9409A1" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[462,666,1752,1778]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref316808" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp." type="book" year="1992">Johnson, 1992: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFC5741817D4509A1" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[939,1099,1752,1778]" page="88" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFC5741817D4509A1" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[939,1099,1752,1778]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 88</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 148.—Wee, 1992: 74 (Lower Peirce Reservoir Park).—K.K.P. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFD3441A57ADD0845" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R." box="[712,979,1788,1814]" page="6" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFD3441A57ADD0845" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R." box="[712,979,1788,1814]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref326428" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994) - herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1 - 4), 5." type="journal article" year="1994">Lim &amp; Subaraj, 1994: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Rifle Range Road).—R. Subaraj, 1994: 13 (Mandai Track 15; Sime Road Forest).—L.M. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFC6340797DA60868" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[927,1192,1824,1851]" page="105" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFC6340797DA60868" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[927,1192,1824,1851]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFC1B40787D2D0869" box="[999,1059,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—L.M. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFAF24079788C080D" author="Chou, L. M." page="148" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFAF24079788C080D" author="Chou, L. M." pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref297324" refString="Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. &amp; Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1995">Chou, 1995: 148</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K. Lim, 1995: 17 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—R. Subaraj, 1996: 101.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFAE8401D7B5408D1" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." page="421" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFAE8401D7B5408D1" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp; Grossmann, 1997: 421</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 383, 384, 385 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]; MacRitchie).—Chan-ard 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFD8540D47BBB08F5" box="[633,693,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 38.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K. 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFBC940D57DE508F5" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1077,1259,1932,1958]" page="148" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFBC940D57DE508F5" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1077,1259,1932,1958]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 148</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—T.M. Leong, 2005: 42 (MacRitchie Tree Top Trail [SRF].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF27B8CBFF0B408C7DC308BD" blockId="189.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[247,1229,2004,2031]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF27B8CBFF0B408C7DC308BD" box="[247,1229,2004,2031]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF27B8CBFF0B408C7B5A08BD" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1922" box="[247,596,2004,2030]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Maticora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgata" subGenus="Doliophis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFF0B408C785108BD" box="[247,351,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Maticora</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFE8C408D78D008BD" box="[368,478,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">Doliophis</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF27B8CBFE12408D7B5A08BD" box="[494,596,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="190">bivirgata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF27B8CBFD8E408D7A3C08BD" author="Buddle, R." box="[626,818,2004,2030]" page="23" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF27B8CBFD8E408D7A3C08BD" author="Buddle, R." box="[626,818,2004,2030]" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" refId="ref293589" refString="Buddle, R. (1929) Snakes of Singapore Island. Kelly &amp; Walsh, Limited, Singapore, 48 pp." type="book" year="1929">Buddle, 1929: 23</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Sembawang Naval Base [= SML]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF0B47CE7BFB0F86" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF24B8C8FF0B47CE7BFB0F86" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FF0B47CE7B310FE2" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1936" box="[247,575,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Maticora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bivirgata" subSpecies="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF0B47CE7B310FE2" box="[247,575,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Maticora bivirgata flaviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF24B8C8FDA047CE7A4E0FE2" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[604,832,150,177]" page="601" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FDA047CE7A4E0FE2" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[604,832,150,177]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 601</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Golay 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FC4F47CE7AE10FE2" box="[947,1007,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993: 151.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF24B8C8FB6947CF78710F86" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." page="152" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FB6947CF78710F86" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref301675" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp." type="book" year="1996">David &amp; Vogel, 1996: 152</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF24B8C8FE5C47E37BFE0F86" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[416,752,186,213]" page="150" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FE5C47E37BFE0F86" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[416,752,186,213]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 150</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF0B47867BEF0EA6" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF24B8C8FF0B47867C920FAA" box="[247,1436,222,249]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FF0B478678EB0FAA" ID-CoL="PRBX" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[247,485,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF0B478678EB0FAA" box="[247,485,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Calliophis bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF24B8C8FDFD47867BED0FAA" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; van Dijk, P. P. &amp; Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K." box="[513,739,223,249]" page="31" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FDFD47867BED0FAA" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; van Dijk, P. P. &amp; Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K." box="[513,739,223,249]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref299700" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide toSnakes and other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Cox 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FDCB47867B7F0FAA" box="[567,625,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998: 31
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 115, 161.—K.K.P. Lim 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FAA047867C980FAA" box="[1372,1430,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
,
</treatmentCitationGroup>
2008: 265.— 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FE16465B7B9D0E4E" author="Das, I." box="[490,659,258,285]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 314</bibRefCitation>
.—P.K.L. Ng 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FCD4465A7A510E4E" box="[808,863,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 273, 302.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 115, 161.— 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FE5F467E7B5F0E12" author="Das, I." box="[419,593,295,321]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 91</bibRefCitation>
.—L.K. Wang 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD06467E7A3B0E12" box="[762,821,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 187.—Xu &amp; Y.T. Teo, 2013: 82, 83 (Chestnut Track [CTF]).— 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FDF246127BDB0E36" author="Mejia, M." box="[526,725,331,357]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="110" refId="ref330755" refString="Mejia, M. (2014) Blue Malayan coral snake biting orange-bellied ringneck. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 110." type="journal article" year="2014">Mejia, 2014: 110</bibRefCitation>
(“north shore of MacRitchie Reservoir” [MNF]).—Wallach 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FA744612787A0EDA" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 144.—Chan-ard 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD7D46367BB60EDA" box="[641,696,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 256.—E.K. Chua, 2015: 178.—R. Subaraj, 2015: 55 (Night Safari).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 7 (Night Safari).— 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FC8846CA7D2D0EFE" author="Das, I." box="[884,1059,403,429]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 108</bibRefCitation>
.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Thomas, 2019: 165, 181 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).— 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FCCA46EE7D170E82" author="Charlton, T." box="[822,1049,439,465]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 228</bibRefCitation>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FBC746EE7C060E82" author="Jones, M. D. &amp; Bokhari, S. &amp; Dashevsky, D." box="[1083,1288,439,465]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="429 - 432" refId="ref316835" refString="Jones, M. D., Bokhari, S. &amp; Dashevsky, D. (2020 a) Mild Envenomation by Calliophis maculiceps in Northeast Thailand. Herpetological Review, 51 (3), 429 - 432." type="journal article" year="2020">Jones, 2020a: 429</bibRefCitation>
.—K.H. 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FA9946EE7C920E82" author="Koh, K. H." box="[1381,1436,439,465]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="220 - 222" refId="ref318876" refString="Koh, K. H. (2020) Blue Malayan coral snake preying on a pink-headed reed snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 220 - 222." type="journal article" year="2020">Koh,</bibRefCitation>
2020: 220 (Thomson Nature Park).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF0B46A67DA70D4A" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[247,1193,510,537]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF24B8C8FF0B46A67DA70D4A" box="[247,1193,510,537]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FF0B46A67B400D4A" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[247,590,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bivirgatus" subSpecies="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF0B46A67B400D4A" box="[247,590,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Calliophis bivirgatus flaviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF24B8C8FD9646A67AAE0D4A" author="Chanhome, L. &amp; Cox, M. J. &amp; Vasaruchapong, T. &amp; Chaiyabutr, N. &amp; Sitprija, V." box="[618,928,510,537]" page="315" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FD9646A67AAE0D4A" author="Chanhome, L. &amp; Cox, M. J. &amp; Vasaruchapong, T. &amp; Chaiyabutr, N. &amp; Sitprija, V." box="[618,928,510,537]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="311 - 328" refId="ref295739" refString="Chanhome, L., Cox, M. J., Vasaruchapong, T., Chaiyabutr, N. &amp; Sitprija, V. (2011) Characterization of venomous snakes of Thailand. Asian Biomedicine, 5 (3), 311 - 328." type="journal article" year="2011">
Chanhome 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD1646A67A2D0D4A" box="[746,803,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 315
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF24B8C8FC3D46A77DAA0D4A" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; Hoover, M. F. &amp; Chanhome, L. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. &amp; Pongcharoen, C." box="[961,1188,510,537]" page="59" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FC3D46A77DAA0D4A" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; Hoover, M. F. &amp; Chanhome, L. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. &amp; Pongcharoen, C." box="[961,1188,510,537]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref299751" refString="Cox, M. J., Hoover, M. F., Chanhome, L., Thirakhupt, K. &amp; Pongcharoen, C. (2018) A Field Guide to the Venomous Snakes of Mainland ASEAN Nations. Parbpim Limited Partnership, Bangkok, ix + 83 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Cox 
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FC0546A67D3F0D4A" box="[1017,1073,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 59
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF0B457A7A3B0D6E" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[247,821,547,573]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">“blue coral snake”—Mong &amp; H.H. Tan, 2016: 266.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF24B8C8FF6B451E7D7F0A2A" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B451E78800A06" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B451E78030D32" bold="true" box="[151,269,583,609]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FEE5451E78C50D32" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[281,459,583,609]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847c)</bibRefCitation>
first reported 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FD87451E7A1D0D32" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[635,787,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD87451E7A1D0D32" box="[635,787,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FC9E451E7AD80D32" box="[866,982,583,609]" name="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
and shortly thereafter, 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FB0C451E7C990D32" author="Girard, C." box="[1264,1431,582,609]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="181 - 182" refId="ref307345" refString="Girard, C. (1858 a) Descriptions of some new Reptiles, collected by the US. Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Third Part. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 181 - 182." type="journal article" year="1858">
Girard (1858 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FA76451F7C990D32" author="Gnther, A." box="[1418,1431,582,609]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref311864" refString="Gnther, A. (1858 b) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 281 pp." type="book" year="1858">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1858b) reported one collected around 1842 by the 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FCBF45327A780DD6" box="[835,886,619,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">U.S.</collectingCountry>
Exploring Expedition. Ridley (1899) described 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FF0B45D678820DFA" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[247,396,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF0B45D678820DFA" box="[247,396,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as not common in 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FD9645D67BEF0DFA" box="[618,737,655,681]" name="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, but Sworder (1923) expressed it was not uncommon, which is likely true given the number of museum specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FC8845EA7D2E0D9E" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[884,1056,691,717]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref291608" refString="Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596" type="journal article" year="1881">Blanford 1881</bibRefCitation>
; Sclater 1891a; 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FB2045EA7C960D9E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1244,1432,691,717]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref292500" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae and Viperidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + 727 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FF0B458E78AE0DA2" author="Moulton, J. C." box="[247,416,727,753]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="557 - 577" refId="ref331801" refString="Moulton, J. C. (1922) Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1920. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1921. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 557 - 577." type="book chapter" year="1922">Moulton 1922</bibRefCitation>
), and that 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FDE2458E7BCA0DA2" author="Flower, S. S." box="[542,708,727,753]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower (1896)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FCFD458E7AA70DA2" author="Buddle, R." box="[769,937,727,753]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref293589" refString="Buddle, R. (1929) Snakes of Singapore Island. Kelly &amp; Walsh, Limited, Singapore, 48 pp." type="book" year="1929">Buddle (1929)</bibRefCitation>
both collected several specimens. As with other species, 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FE6245A27B3B0C46" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[414,565,763,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FE6245A27B3B0C46" box="[414,565,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was next reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FCC145A27AE00C46" author="Harman, A. J. E." box="[829,1006,763,789]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref312763" refString="Harman, A. J. E. (1961) A collection of snakes from Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 15 (3 - 4), 181 - 183." type="journal article" year="1961">Harman (1961)</bibRefCitation>
32 years later (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF24B8C8FB5B45A27C0D0C46" box="[1191,1283,763,789]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Another 27 
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FF0B44467C920C0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687937" collectingDate="1988-01-17" collectingDateMax="1988-02-02" collectingDateMin="1988-01-17" collectionCode="SRF, BTNR" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="1">
years passed before another observation of 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FD2344467A7C0C6A" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[735,882,799,825]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD2344467A7C0C6A" box="[735,882,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was published that involved one eating a smaller conspecific on 
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FE5A441A7B6B0C0E" box="[422,613,835,861]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1988-01-17">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FE5A441A7B6B0C0E" box="[422,613,835,861]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1988-01-17">17 January 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
at 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FD76441A7BB30C0E" box="[650,701,835,861]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14015" name="Shangrao Forestry Institute" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="Herbarium">SRF</collectionCode>
, and one seen at 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FC79441A7ADF0C0E" box="[901,977,835,861]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">BTNR</collectionCode>
on 
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FC02441A7DB20C0E" box="[1022,1212,835,861]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1988-02-02">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FC02441A7DB20C0E" box="[1022,1212,835,861]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1988-02-02">2 February 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
(Lim 1988). 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FAA4441A7C920C0E" author="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P." box="[1368,1436,835,861]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
&amp; Lim (2012) listed 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FE1E443E7B780CD2" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[482,630,871,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FE1E443E7B780CD2" box="[482,630,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as rare, despite several observations being published (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FAE5443E7C930CD2" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[1305,1437,871,897]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="49 - 51" refId="ref325330" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1988 b) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1988">Lim &amp; Lim</bibRefCitation>
1988b; Subaraj 1994; Leong 2005), and Teo &amp; Rajathurai (1997) found it to be one of the most common snakes in CNR. However, Teo &amp; Rajathurai (1997) do specify that they designated it as uncommon since it does not occur outside CNR. Seemingly, they missed 
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FC44448A7D7F0CBE" author="Buddle, R." box="[952,1137,979,1005]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="ref293589" refString="Buddle, R. (1929) Snakes of Singapore Island. Kelly &amp; Walsh, Limited, Singapore, 48 pp." type="book" year="1929">Buddle’s (1929)</bibRefCitation>
record from SNB and did not have access to museum records that show 
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF24B8C8FCF344AE7AB70B42" box="[783,953,1015,1041]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from Dhoby Ghaut and Pasir Laba Road. Although we find 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FE3743427B6E0B66" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[459,608,1051,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FE3743427B6E0B66" box="[459,608,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not uncommon (A. Figueroa pers. obs.), there are few recent published records. Three include predation events, one biting the neck of an 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FC0743667DC10B0B" baseAuthorityName="Gnther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1019,1231,1087,1113]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FC0743667DC10B0B" box="[1019,1231,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Oligodon signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 22 September 2009 at CTF (Xu &amp; Teo 2013), one grasping a 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FCD7433A7D450B2E" authorityName="Pauwels" authorityYear="2003" box="[811,1099,1123,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gongylosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baliodeira">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FCD7433A7D450B2E" box="[811,1099,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Gongylosoma baliodeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FB87433A7C380B2E" box="[1147,1334,1123,1149]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2013-08-13">13 August 2013</date>
at MNF (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF24B8C8FF0343DE78860BF2" author="Mejia, M." box="[255,392,1159,1185]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="110" refId="ref330755" refString="Mejia, M. (2014) Blue Malayan coral snake biting orange-bellied ringneck. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 110." type="journal article" year="2014">Mejia 2014</bibRefCitation>
), and another eating a 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FD7043DE7A1A0BF2" authorityName="A. M. C. Dumeril, Bibron &amp; A. Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[652,788,1159,1185]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegeli">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD7043DE7A1A0BF2" box="[652,788,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. schlegeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at TNP on 
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FC6B43DE7D7A0BF2" box="[919,1140,1159,1185]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2020-12-11">11 December 2020</date>
. One of us also witnessed a 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FEF643F278900B96" baseAuthorityName="Xu &amp; Teo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[266,414,1195,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Calliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivirgatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FEF643F278900B96" box="[266,414,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">C. bivirgatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
track and chase a 
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF24B8C8FD9143F27A580B96" authorityName="A. M. C. Dumeril, Bibron &amp; A. Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[621,854,1195,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegeli">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FD9143F27A580B96" box="[621,854,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Calamaria schlegeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for about 10 minutes that managed to escape down a hole at RRNP on 
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FE2E43967B7F0BBA" box="[466,625,1231,1257]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2018-03-01">1 March 2018</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.). Two additional recently published records are of one recorded at Night Safari (R. Subaraj 2015; S. Subaraj 2015), and one at BTNR (Teo &amp; Thomas 2019). The individual shown in 
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF24B8C8FD9C424E7BED0A62" box="[608,739,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="365.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@365.[167,1420,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="365" captionText="FIGURE 21. A) Xenochrophis vittatus, B) Sibynophis melanocephalus, C) Cylindrophis ruffus, D) Aipysurus eydouxii, E) Aipysurus eydouxii, F) Bungarus fasciatus, G) Calliophis bivirgatus, and H) Calliophis gracilis. Photographs by: Thio Hui Bing [A], Alex Figueroa [B], Nick Baker [C], Kelvin K.P. Lim [D], Ria Tan [E], Law Ing Sind [F], Mary-Ruth Low [G], and Evan S.H. Quah [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960361/files/figure.png" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Figure 21G</figureCitation>
was photographed at WNP on 
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FBBC424E7C000A62" box="[1088,1294,1303,1329]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2014-09-07">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FBBC424E7C000A62" box="[1088,1294,1303,1329]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2014-09-07">7 September 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(M.-R. Low unpub. data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B42077D7F0A2A" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,1137,1374,1401]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B420778240A2B" bold="true" box="[151,298,1374,1400]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Restricted to CNR and surrounding Nature Parks and forests. Uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF24B8C9FF6B42DB7D760F86" lastPageId="191" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B42DB7B820ACE" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,652,1410,1437]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B42DB7B0A0ACE" bold="true" box="[151,516,1410,1437]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore conservation status.</emphasis>
Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B42FF7B090A92" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,519,1446,1473]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B42FF78390A93" bold="true" box="[151,311,1446,1472]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Conservation</emphasis>
priority. Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B42937BDB0AB6" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,725,1482,1509]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B429378DC0AB6" bold="true" box="[151,466,1482,1509]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2012].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B42B77B8C087A" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FF6B42B77D92097E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689217" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B42B778BE095A" bold="true" box="[151,432,1518,1545]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FF6B42B77816095B" box="[151,280,1518,1544]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp; 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FEBE42B678BE095A" box="[322,432,1519,1545]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FE4542B67AC1095B" bold="true" box="[441,975,1518,1545]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<location id="0526CCBEFF24B8C8FE4542B67B2F095A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86:0526CCBEFF24B8C8FE4542B67B2F095A" box="[441,545,1519,1545]" country="Singapore" name="Museum" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Museum</location>
specimens. 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FD4842B77A23095B" box="[692,813,1518,1544]" name="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF24B8C8FC2542B67D88095A" box="[985,1158,1519,1545]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">BMNH 1880.9</specimenCode>
.10.18 (no date), BMNH 1930.12.2.12–13 (no date), BMNH 1930.11.15.1–2 (no date), ZRC.2.3921 (no date);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FB5D414B7A050902" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689314" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Bukit Kalang Service Reservoir" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FB5D414B78CD0902" bold="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF24B8C8FB5D414B78650903" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Bukit Kalang Service Reservoir</collectorName>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FE85416F78BE0903" box="[377,432,1590,1616]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14015" name="Shangrao Forestry Institute" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="Herbarium">SRF</collectionCode>
]:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FE35416F7B0C0902" box="[457,514,1590,1617]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6305 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FD9E416E7BF10902" box="[610,767,1591,1617]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2006-11-10">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FD9E416E7BF10902" box="[610,767,1591,1617]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2006-11-10">10-Nov-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FCEE416F789109CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689102" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FCEE416F7D7D0902" bold="true" box="[786,1139,1590,1617]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<location id="0526CCBEFF24B8C8FCEE416F7D600902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86:0526CCBEFF24B8C8FCEE416F7D600902" box="[786,1134,1590,1617]" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</location>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FB85416E7DBF0902" box="[1145,1201,1591,1617]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6390–ZRC.2.6392 (1986), 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FEB2410378890926" box="[334,391,1626,1653]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3535 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FE1B41027B750926" box="[487,635,1627,1653]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1996-10-18">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FE1B41027B750926" box="[487,635,1627,1653]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1996-10-18">18-Oct-1996</collectingDate>
</date>
), 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FD7141037BCB0926" box="[653,709,1626,1653]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6059 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FCD941027AB70926" box="[805,953,1627,1653]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2003-10-08">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FCD941027AB70926" box="[805,953,1627,1653]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2003-10-08">08-Oct-2003</collectingDate>
</date>
), 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FC3741027D0D0926" box="[971,1027,1627,1653]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6682 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FB9841027C0E0926" box="[1124,1280,1627,1653]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2007-11-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FB9841027C0E0926" box="[1124,1280,1627,1653]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2007-11-01">01-Nov-2007</collectingDate>
</date>
), 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FAEE41027C440926" box="[1298,1354,1627,1653]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6830 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FF034126789D09CA" box="[255,403,1663,1689]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2009-06-29">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FF034126789D09CA" box="[255,403,1663,1689]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2009-06-29">29-Jun-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FE5E41277A6B09CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688570" box="[418,869,1662,1689]" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FE5E41277B6209CB" bold="true" box="[418,620,1662,1688]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">CatchmentArea:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FD8C41267BA609CA" box="[624,680,1663,1689]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3916(no date);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FC954127786B09EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687305" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FC9541277C0009CA" bold="true" box="[873,1294,1662,1689]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<location id="0526CCBEFF24B8C8FC9541277C0709CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86:0526CCBEFF24B8C8FC9541277C0709CA" box="[873,1289,1662,1689]" name="Central Catchment Nature Reserve" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</location>
:
</emphasis>
ZRC.2.6056 (no date);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FE9341FA7A6809EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689310" box="[367,870,1698,1725]" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FE9341FA7B1009EF" bold="true" box="[367,542,1698,1725]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Dhoby Ghaut:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FDDB41FB7B5109EE" box="[551,607,1698,1725]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5898 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FD3F41FA7A5709EE" box="[707,857,1699,1725]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1932-09-03">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FD3F41FA7A5709EE" box="[707,857,1699,1725]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1932-09-03">03-Sep-1932</collectingDate>
</date>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FC8C41FB7C9209EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689622" box="[880,1436,1698,1725]" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FC8C41FB7D5609EE" bold="true" box="[880,1112,1698,1725]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<location id="0526CCBEFF24B8C8FC8C41FB7D5D09EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86:0526CCBEFF24B8C8FC8C41FB7D5D09EE" box="[880,1107,1698,1725]" name="MacRitchie Forest" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">MacRitchie Forest</location>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FB9E41FA7D9509EE" box="[1122,1179,1699,1725]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6801 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FB0241FA7C9E09EE" box="[1278,1424,1699,1725]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2009-01-09">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FB0241FA7C9E09EE" box="[1278,1424,1699,1725]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2009-01-09">09-Jan-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FF0B419F7A8309B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689385" box="[247,909,1734,1761]" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF0B419F7B4C09B2" bold="true" box="[247,578,1734,1761]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Old Upper Thomson Road:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FDB7419F7B8A09B2" box="[587,644,1734,1761]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5645 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FD1A419E7A8F09B2" box="[742,897,1735,1761]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2003-03-19">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FD1A419E7A8F09B2" box="[742,897,1735,1761]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2003-03-19">19-Mar-2003</collectingDate>
</date>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FC6A419F7C5509B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687594" box="[918,1371,1734,1761]" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FC6A419F7D6209B2" bold="true" box="[918,1132,1734,1761]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Pasir Laba Road:</emphasis>
ZRC.2.2325 (1984);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FA9F419F7D040856" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689042" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FA9F419F78960856" bold="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
Rifle 
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF24B8C8FF0B41B2789D0856" box="[247,403,1771,1797]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Range Road</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FE5841B278D30856" box="[420,477,1771,1797]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.2403 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FDBE41B27BBB0856" box="[578,693,1771,1797]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1988-12">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FDBE41B27BBB0856" box="[578,693,1771,1797]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="1988-12">Dec-1988</collectingDate>
</date>
), 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FD3241B37A080856" box="[718,774,1770,1797]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6058 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FC9041B27AF30856" box="[876,1021,1771,1797]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2004-01-08">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FC9041B27AF30856" box="[876,1021,1771,1797]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2004-01-08">08-Jan-2004</collectingDate>
</date>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FBEA41B37B8C087A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689803" collectingDate="2006-11-10" collectingDateMax="2009-01-09" collectingDateMin="1932-09-03" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="BMNH 1880.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Country Club">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FBEA41B3784E087A" bold="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FBEA41B37DEB0856" box="[1046,1253,1770,1797]" name="Singapore Island" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore Island</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF24B8C8FB0C41B37C920857" box="[1264,1436,1770,1796]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Country Club</collectingRegion>
Road:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FEBB4057788E087A" box="[327,384,1806,1833]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6095 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF24B8C8FE1D40567B7B087A" box="[481,629,1807,1833]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2004-10-13">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF24B8C8FE1D40567B7B087A" box="[481,629,1807,1833]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" value="2004-10-13">13-Oct-2004</collectingDate>
</date>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C8FF6B406B7B9A0822" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B406B7A92081F" bold="true" box="[151,924,1842,1869]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
Additional 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FEE0406B789B081F" box="[284,405,1842,1868]" name="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens. 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FD75406B7A0C081F" box="[649,770,1842,1868]" name="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FC5C406A784D0822" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688594" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Singapore" location="Nee Soon" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FC5C406A7AF6081E" box="[928,1016,1843,1869]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">AMNH</collectionCode>
, CAS, MNHN, NMI, SAMA, USNM, WAM;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF24B8C8FEB6400E7B9A0822" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689300" box="[330,660,1878,1905]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Singapore" county="MacRitchie North Forest - MacRitchie Reservoir Park" location="Nee Soon" municipality="Lower Peirce Reservoir Park - MacRitchie" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FEB6400E7B360822" bold="true" box="[330,568,1878,1905]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<location id="0526CCBEFF24B8C8FEB6400E78B70823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86:0526CCBEFF24B8C8FEB6400E78B70823" box="[330,441,1878,1905]" country="Singapore" name="Nee Soon" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Nee Soon</location>
[= 
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FE1D400F7B2B0823" box="[481,549,1878,1904]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">NSSF</collectionCode>
]:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF24B8C8FDC3400E7B9E0822" box="[575,656,1879,1905]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF24B8C9FF6B40237D760F86" blockId="190.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="191.[247,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="191" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF24B8C8FF6B4023788008C7" bold="true" box="[151,398,1914,1940]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF24B8C8FF6B4023781E08C7" box="[151,272,1914,1940]" name="Singapore" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
<location id="0526CCBEFF24B8C8FE6140227DD808C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF27B8C9FF6B43167D760F86:0526CCBEFF24B8C8FE6140227DD808C6" box="[413,1238,1915,1941]" country="Singapore" county="MacRitchie North Forest - MacRitchie Reservoir Park" municipality="Lower Peirce Reservoir Park - MacRitchie" name="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve - Chestnut Track Forest - Dhoby Ghaut" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Chestnut Track Forest—Dhoby Ghaut</location>
*— 
<collectingMunicipality id="E022001FFF24B8C8FB0240227B4F08EA" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Lower Peirce Reservoir Park—MacRitchie</collectingMunicipality>
(not specified)— 
<collectingCounty id="E927E2E9FF24B8C8FCF040C67C8E08EA" box="[780,1408,1951,1977]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">MacRitchie North Forest—MacRitchie Reservoir Park</collectingCounty>
— Mandai Track 15—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Night Safari—Old Upper Thomson Road—Pasir Laba Road—Rifle Range Nature Park—Rifle Range Road—Sembcorp Marine Ltd.*—Sime Road Forest— 
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF25B8C9FF0B47E278BA0F86" box="[247,436,187,213]" name="Singapore Island" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Singapore Island</collectingCountry>
Country Club—Thomson Nature Park—Windsor Nature Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>