217 lines
23 KiB
XML
217 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8DFBB72FFD54525FC02C8EA9D52956A7">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB2BBD2C68BA7842120C62E72553C59C">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FE8EB962FF6B45387DDD0A24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968309" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968309" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FE8EB962FF6B45387DDD0A24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FE8EB962FF6B45387DDD0A24" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE8EB962FF6B45387B3F0DCC" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF6B45387BC00D28" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[151,718,609,638]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<heading id="5B0E2D09FE8EB962FF6B45387BC00D28" box="[151,718,609,638]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FF6B45387B230D28" ID-CoL="3N8CH" authority="Gnther, 1864" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,557,609,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF6B453878880D2F" bold="true" box="[151,390,609,636]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Hydrophis torquatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FE71453A7B230D28" author="Gnther, A. C. L. G." box="[397,557,609,638]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref311975" refString="Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Ģnther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FDB645387BC00D28" bold="true" box="[586,718,609,635]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Erroneous.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF6B45DF7B3F0DCC" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[151,561,645,672]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FE8EB962FF6B45DF781B0DCC" box="[151,277,645,672]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">West Coast</collectingRegion>
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Black-headed Sea Snake
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE8EB962FF6B45F078760D90" box="[151,376,681,707]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF6B45F078760D90" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[151,376,681,707]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF6B45F078760D90" bold="true" box="[151,376,681,707]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE8EB962FF6B45F0781E0D90" box="[151,272,681,707]" name="Singapore" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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records.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE8EB962FF0B45947BC80CC8" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF0B45947A610DB4" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[247,879,717,744]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE8EB962FF0B45947A610DB4" box="[247,879,717,744]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FF0B459478D20DB4" box="[247,476,717,743]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrocinctus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF0B459478D20DB4" box="[247,476,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Hydrus nigrocinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FE0445947BD10DBB" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[504,735,717,744]" page="1050" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="1847">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FE0445947BD10DBB" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[504,735,717,744]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847c: 1050</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 1057, 1072.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF0B45A87B930C00" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE8EB962FF0B45A87B930C00" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FF0B45A878D10C58" ID-CoL="3N8CH" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,479,753,779]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF0B45A878D10C58" box="[247,479,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Hydrophis torquatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FE0045A87BC50C58" author="Flower, S. S." box="[508,715,753,779]" page="892" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="1896">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FE0045A87BC50C58" author="Flower, S. S." box="[508,715,753,779]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 892</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—Sworder, 1923: 69.—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 55.— K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FDAC444C7A0F0C7C" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[592,769,789,815]" page="149" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FDAC444C7A0F0C7C" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[592,769,789,815]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 149</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—L.M.
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FC99444C7D680C63" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[869,1126,789,816]" page="105" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="1994">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FC99444C7D680C63" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[869,1126,789,816]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
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Chou
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FC56444F7AEA0C7C" box="[938,996,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1994: 105
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FA9B444C78C60C00" author="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." page="148" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FA9B444C78C60C00" author="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 148</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FE1744607B960C00" author="Das, I." box="[491,664,825,851]" page="322" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FE1744607B960C00" author="Das, I." box="[491,664,825,851]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 322</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF0B44047AB50C24" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[247,955,861,887]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE8EB962FF0B44047AB50C24" box="[247,955,861,887]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FF0B44047B410C24" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[247,591,861,887]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="torquatus" subSpecies="torquatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF0B44047B410C24" box="[247,591,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Hydrophis torquatus torquatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE8EB962FD9744047AB90C24" author="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E." box="[619,951,861,887]" page="137" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FD9744047AB90C24" author="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E." box="[619,951,861,887]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar & Colijn, 2001: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF0B44D87BC80CC8" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[247,710,897,923]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FF0B44D878DD0CC8" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,467,897,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF0B44D878DD0CC8" box="[247,467,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Hydrophis diadema</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—Sworder, 1923: 69.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE8EB962FF0B44FC7A0D0CEC" box="[247,771,933,960]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF0B44FC7A0D0CEC" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[247,771,933,960]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FF0B44FC78B70CEC" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="2005" box="[247,441,933,959]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Chitulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquata">
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF0B44FC78B70CEC" box="[247,441,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Chitulia torquata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—Chan-ard
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FDB944FF7B730CEC" box="[581,637,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2015: 277.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE8EB962FF6B44907A410BC4" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF6B4490786C0B20" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF6B449078050CB0" bold="true" box="[151,267,969,995]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FEEF449078B10CB0" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[275,447,969,995]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first listed
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE8EB962FDBD44907BBD0CB0" box="[577,691,969,995]" name="Singapore" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
as a locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FC8844937D0C0CB0" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1864" box="[884,1026,970,995]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FC8844937D0C0CB0" box="[884,1026,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">H. torquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and said it is rare based on catches in fishing nets (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FE5744B47B450B54" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[427,587,1005,1031]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor 1847c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No additional specimens or reported observations for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FB3544B77C590B54" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1864" box="[1225,1367,1006,1031]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FB3544B77C590B54" box="[1225,1367,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">H. torquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exist. Subsequent publications likely refer to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE8EB962FD3643487A730B78" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[714,893,1041,1067]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Since there are inconsistencies regarding the localities of Cantor’s specimens, we refrain from including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FC50436F7D350B1C" authorityName="Gnther" authorityYear="1864" box="[940,1083,1078,1103]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FC50436F7D350B1C" box="[940,1083,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">H. torquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into Singapore’s herpetofauna checklist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF6B43247A410BC4" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[151,847,1149,1176]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF6B43247BAD0BC4" bold="true" box="[151,675,1149,1175]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE8EB962FF6B43F87DDD0A24" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FF6B43F87A390BE8" blockId="276.[151,1437,609,1212]" box="[151,823,1185,1212]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FF6B43F87B840BE8" bold="true" box="[151,650,1185,1211]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE8EB962FEE243F878990BE8" box="[286,407,1185,1211]" name="Singapore" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
museum specimens.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FE1E42477D5F0A6B" blockId="276.[482,1105,1310,1337]" box="[482,1105,1310,1337]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FE1E42477D5F0A6B" bold="true" box="[482,1105,1310,1337]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FDBE42477AC40A6B" authority="Bonaparte, 1845" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[578,970,1310,1337]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Homalopsidae Bonaparte, 1845</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE8EB962FE9D42047DDD0A24" blockId="276.[353,1235,1373,1400]" box="[353,1235,1373,1400]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FE9D42047DDD0A24" bold="true" box="[353,1235,1373,1400]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE8EB962FE4442047D420A24" authority="Kumar, Sanders, George & Murphy, 2012" authorityName="Kumar, Sanders, George & Murphy" authorityYear="2012" box="[440,1100,1373,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Myrrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE8EB962FE4442047B390A2B" bold="true" box="[440,567,1373,1400]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Myrrophis</emphasis>
|
||
Kumar, Sanders, George & Murphy, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |