200 lines
23 KiB
XML
200 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7F7F8A6E7F8D9497BCEAEE351E153B49">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C5B482A334ED91CBB8644882EC5E5E78">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75FF247101F98EAD056E50F584A403D6">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8F55421DCADBF07929A50DF861D3A88" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AFDFB4C9FB4A9BCF0395016459FFFCFD">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A6838EE0D302C91DC77004C27F394303" type="email">kelvinlim@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="88502B73FE83B96CFF6B412B7A390EFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968353" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FE83B96CFF6B412B7A390EFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FE83B96CFF6B412B7A390EFE" lastPageId="282" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE83B96FFF6B412B7B9A09DF" box="[151,660,1649,1677]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE83B96FFF6B412B7B9A09DF" blockId="281.[151,1437,1649,2031]" box="[151,660,1649,1677]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">
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<heading id="5B0E2D09FE83B96FFF6B412B7B9A09DF" box="[151,660,1649,1677]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE83B96FFF6B412B78FF09DE" ID-CoL="37K5S" authority="(Gray, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[151,497,1649,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFF6B412B785009DF" bold="true" box="[151,350,1649,1676]" italics="true" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Draco maculatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFE92412B78E709DE" author="Gray, J. E." box="[366,489,1650,1677]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref309062" refString="Gray, J. E. (1845) Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxviii + 289 pp." type="book" year="1845">Gray, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFDF3412B7B9A09DF" bold="true" box="[527,660,1650,1676]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Erroneous.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE83B96FFF6B41CC789709FC" box="[151,409,1685,1711]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE83B96FFF6B41CC789709FC" blockId="281.[151,1437,1649,2031]" box="[151,409,1685,1711]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Spotted Gliding Lizard</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE83B96FFF6B41E07B0208D7" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE83B96FFF6B41E078760980" blockId="281.[151,1437,1649,2031]" box="[151,376,1721,1747]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFF6B41E078760980" bold="true" box="[151,376,1721,1747]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE83B96FFF6B41E0781E0980" box="[151,272,1721,1747]" name="Singapore" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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records.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE83B96FFF0B41847B0208D7" blockId="281.[151,1437,1649,2031]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE83B96FFF0B418478B609A5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[247,440,1756,1782]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFF0B418478B609A5" box="[247,440,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Draco maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFE2A41857BC909A5" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[470,711,1756,1783]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref291950" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger, 1885: 262</bibRefCitation>
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||
.—
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFD1441857AE909A5" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[744,999,1756,1783]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref292165" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1890 a) First report on additions to the lizard collection in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890 (1), 77 - 86." type="journal article" year="1890">Boulenger, 1890a: 112</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFBFB41857DE009A4" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1031,1262,1756,1783]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 58</bibRefCitation>
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.—M.A. Smith, 1916b: 152.—Sworder, 1925: 66.—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 55.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFB4A40597C920849" author="Denzer, W. & Manthey, U." box="[1206,1436,1792,1819]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" pagination="309 - 322" refId="ref303036" refString="Denzer, W. & Manthey, U. (1991) A nominal checklist of the lizards inhabiting peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (2), 309 - 322." type="journal article" year="1991">Denzer & Manthey,</bibRefCitation>
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1991: 311.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFD25407A7A89086E" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[729,903,1827,1853]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 126</bibRefCitation>
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, 150.—L.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFBE2407A7C18086D" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[1054,1302,1827,1854]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
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Chou
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFB9D407D7D96086E" box="[1121,1176,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1994: 105
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</bibRefCitation>
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.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFE3D401E7B600831" author="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[449,622,1863,1890]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 150</bibRefCitation>
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.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 168.—
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFBE7401E7DCB0832" author="Das, I." box="[1051,1221,1863,1889]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 184</bibRefCitation>
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.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 168.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE83B96CFF6B40D77BE10E36" lastPageId="282" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE83B96CFF6B40D77BE10E36" blockId="281.[151,1437,1649,2031]" lastBlockId="282.[151,1437,150,429]" lastPageId="282" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFF6B40D7780A08FB" bold="true" box="[151,260,1934,1960]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Remarks</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE83B96FFEED40D678DC08FB" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[273,466,1934,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFEED40D678DC08FB" box="[273,466,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Draco maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distributed from southern
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE83B96FFCEE40D77A5B08FB" box="[786,853,1934,1960]" name="China" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">China</collectingCountry>
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to extreme northeastern Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE83B96FFB1840D77C4308FB" box="[1252,1357,1934,1960]" name="Malaysia" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, where it is only known from
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<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FE83B96FFDFC40E87B4D0898" box="[512,579,1969,1995]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Perlis</collectingRegion>
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, Langkawi, and
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<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FE83B96FFCF840EB7A58089F" box="[772,854,1970,1996]" country="Malaysia" name="Pulau Pinang" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Penang</collectingRegion>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFC9640E87D170898" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[874,1049,1969,1995]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref309725" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer 2011b</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE83B96FFBD340E87DF6089F" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1071,1272,1969,1996]" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" refId="ref291950" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger (1885)</bibRefCitation>
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||
stated that
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE83B96FFA7D40EB786408BC" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="281" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE83B96FFA7D40EB786408BC" italics="true" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">D. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is distributed from Yunnan to
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE83B96FFD49408C7A2708BC" box="[693,809,2005,2031]" name="Singapore" pageId="281" pageNumber="282">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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, but his conclusion was not based on any material (Smith 1930). All of the subsequent references for
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFD2147CE7A7C0FE2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[733,882,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFD2147CE7A7C0FE2" box="[733,882,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE80B96CFC4B47CE7D270FE2" box="[951,1065,151,177]" name="Singapore" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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likely refer to
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE80B96CFB3347CE7C990FE2" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1231,1431,150,177]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" refId="ref291950" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger (1885)</bibRefCitation>
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, although Sworder (1925) doubted this record since there were no recent documented records.
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE80B96CFABC47E278410FAA" author="Grismer, L. L." pageId="282" pageNumber="283" refId="ref309725" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer (2011b)</bibRefCitation>
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||
also pointed out that
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE80B96CFDB547867A1D0FAA" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[585,787,222,249]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" refId="ref291950" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger (1885)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE80B96CFCDD47867AE50FAA" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[801,1003,223,249]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE80B96CFBD647867DA70FAA" author="Das, I." box="[1066,1193,223,249]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneously reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFF0B465A78820E4E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[247,396,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFF0B465A78820E4E" box="[247,396,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE80B96CFE2C465A7B4B0E4E" box="[464,581,259,285]" name="Singapore" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Nonetheless, there are a few records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFBF5465A7D900E4E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[1033,1182,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFBF5465A7D900E4E" box="[1033,1182,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that actually represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFF0B467E78920E13" baseAuthorityName="Raffles" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[247,412,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFF0B467E78920E13" box="[247,412,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFE2B467E7B720E13" baseAuthorityName="Raffles" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[471,636,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFE2B467E7B720E13" box="[471,636,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
account). Thus, evidently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFC5A467E7D450E13" baseAuthorityName="Raffles" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[934,1099,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFC5A467E7D450E13" box="[934,1099,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was formerly confused for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE80B96CFA7D467E78640E36" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFA7D467E78640E36" italics="true" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">D. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE80B96CFE6B46127B4F0E36" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[407,577,331,357]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE80B96CFF6B46377A390EFE" pageId="282" pageNumber="283" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE80B96CFF6B46377A410EDA" blockId="282.[151,1437,150,429]" box="[151,847,366,393]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFF6B46377BAD0EDB" bold="true" box="[151,675,366,393]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE80B96CFF6B46CB7A390EFE" blockId="282.[151,1437,150,429]" box="[151,823,402,429]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE80B96CFF6B46CB7B840EFF" bold="true" box="[151,650,402,429]" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE80B96CFEE246CB78990EFF" box="[286,407,402,428]" name="Singapore" pageId="282" pageNumber="283">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
museum specimens.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |