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<document id="AFD2C461F288F521B6F64981FE5EBAF1" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13681425" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725415350285" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liu, Yan, Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Fan, Yawen" docDate="2016" docId="862A87E42832FFB5FF183F913FEFFE89" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.244.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 244 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Acanthoceras zachariasii Simonsen 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="7A13FF9C283AFFBCFF903F0F3F15FFE4" masterDocTitle="Urosolenia and Acanthoceras species from Hainan Province, China" masterLastPageNumber="173" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1725435070230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3AB63CF89846A5C05D3E145B73E5EE9D">Urosolenia and Acanthoceras species from Hainan Province, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A39C7CB44FC44976FCC46BE53F6E5DB">Liu, Yan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E0D299A69FEE5229D0D3F6C36E7BE59C">College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="35768A18F7CD95915C2CBE24E8696A88">Kociolek, J. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0330971B3418A0857072430F25A5D9F">Fan, Yawen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="663B4F8FCBB50AC2559D5B648E9928F6">College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="123EED8B5311843D88E1F108EE6140AD">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="87F2CC7B64644D655DF12C42B2A332AF">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="230C9A40C1E34B80A8F5E58FC850D20A">2016-01-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B33D84F91BBF38EB36FAB42BD31946BB">244</mods:number>
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<treatment id="862A87E42832FFB5FF183F913FEFFE89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13681487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:862A87E42832FFB5FF183F913FEFFE89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/862A87E42832FFB5FF183F913FEFFE89" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection id="469965792832FFB4FF183F913C3BFF5D" box="[136,814,158,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E3C36F22832FFB4FF183F913C3BFF5D" blockId="8.[136,814,158,185]" box="[136,814,158,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="5574819E2832FFB4FF183F913C3BFF5D" box="[136,814,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="C9834D712832FFB4FF183F913D83FF5D" authority="(Brun) Simonsen" authorityName="Simonsen" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Brun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[136,662,158,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Acanthocerataceae" genus="Acanthoceras" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="zachariasii">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FF183F913E32FF5D" bold="true" box="[136,295,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Acanthoceras</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FEC13F913EDAFF5D" bold="true" box="[337,463,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">zachariasii</emphasis>
(Brun) Simonsen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FD0E3FAF3DB2FF5D" bold="true" box="[670,679,160,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="96B82A772832FFB4FD373FAF3C30FF5D" box="[679,805,160,185]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 52–61" captionStart-1="FIGURES 62–67" captionStart-2="FIGURES 68–74" captionStartId-0="8.[136,243,1872,1893]" captionStartId-1="9.[136,243,1954,1975]" captionStartId-2="10.[136,243,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[245,1335,505,1825]" captionTargetBox-1="[251,1337,396,1925]" captionTargetBox-2="[232,1355,197,1481]" captionTargetId-0="figure-154@8.[235,1352,497,1847]" captionTargetId-1="figure-123@9.[244,1344,389,1929]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@10.[227,1361,190,1491]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 52–61: Acanthoceras cf. zachariasii, LM. Specimen from Yalong vally forest park. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 62–67: Acanthoceras cf. zachariasii, SEM. 62. External view of valve and girdle bands, scale bar = 5 μm. 63. External view of areolae on valve and bands, scale bar = 4 μm. 64. External view of areolae on bands and imbrication lines, scale bar = 4 μm. 65. External view of the whole frustule, scale bar = 5 μm. 66. External view of valve and bands without areolae, scale bar = 5 μm. 67. Magnification of the base of the extension, showing the areolae on the valve, scale bar = 2 μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 68–74: Acanthoceras cf. zachariasii, SEM. 68, 69, 74. External view of valve and girdle bands, scale bar = 5 μm. 70, 73. Magnification of the base of extension, showing the areolae on the valve, Fig. 70: scale bar = 2 μm, Fig. 73: scale bar = 4 μm. 71, 72. Magnification of the extension ends with 5–7 teeth, Fig. 71: scale bar = 400 nm, Fig. 72: scale bar = 500 nm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681467" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681477" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681481" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13681467/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13681477/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13681481/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Figs 52–74</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="469965792832FFB4FF183FE73E0AFE3D" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E3C36F22832FFB4FF183FE73E0AFE3D" blockId="8.[136,1452,232,473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FF183FE73E2DFEE5" bold="true" box="[136,312,232,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Description:—</emphasis>
LM: frustules solitary, subcylindrical. Valve with two conical apices, connected by a thin bridge, with a long tubular extension forming from the conical part of the valve. Whole frustule 67–83 μm long, 6.0–27.5 μm wide, pervalvar length: 28–42 μm, extension length: 15–27 μm, girdle band density: 6–7 per 10 μm. SEM: the areolae in the valve are small and irregular, extending to the base of the extension (
<figureCitation id="96B82A772832FFB4FC523E5B3B50FE89" box="[962,1093,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–67" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1954,1975]" captionTargetBox="[251,1337,396,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-123@9.[244,1344,389,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 62–67: Acanthoceras cf. zachariasii, SEM. 62. External view of valve and girdle bands, scale bar = 5 μm. 63. External view of areolae on valve and bands, scale bar = 4 μm. 64. External view of areolae on bands and imbrication lines, scale bar = 4 μm. 65. External view of the whole frustule, scale bar = 5 μm. 66. External view of valve and bands without areolae, scale bar = 5 μm. 67. Magnification of the base of the extension, showing the areolae on the valve, scale bar = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13681477/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Figs 63, 67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="96B82A772832FFB4FBC23E5B3BDDFE89" box="[1106,1224,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–74" captionStartId="10.[136,243,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,197,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[227,1361,190,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 68–74: Acanthoceras cf. zachariasii, SEM. 68, 69, 74. External view of valve and girdle bands, scale bar = 5 μm. 70, 73. Magnification of the base of extension, showing the areolae on the valve, Fig. 70: scale bar = 2 μm, Fig. 73: scale bar = 4 μm. 71, 72. Magnification of the extension ends with 5–7 teeth, Fig. 71: scale bar = 400 nm, Fig. 72: scale bar = 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13681481/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">70, 73, 74</figureCitation>
). Poroids or rib-like structures were not observed on the valve. Girdle band width is 1.3–2.6 μm, areolae are small, open and irregular, 6–13 rows per band, 6–8 per 1 μm. Imbrication line is visible. The tip of the extension is sharply pointed with 5–7 teeth (
<figureCitation id="96B82A772832FFB4FF003ECF3E06FE3D" box="[144,275,448,473]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–74" captionStartId="10.[136,243,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,197,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[227,1361,190,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 68–74: Acanthoceras cf. zachariasii, SEM. 68, 69, 74. External view of valve and girdle bands, scale bar = 5 μm. 70, 73. Magnification of the base of extension, showing the areolae on the valve, Fig. 70: scale bar = 2 μm, Fig. 73: scale bar = 4 μm. 71, 72. Magnification of the extension ends with 5–7 teeth, Fig. 71: scale bar = 400 nm, Fig. 72: scale bar = 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13681481/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Figs 71, 72</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5AFC667A2832FFB4FF18385F3BC0F881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13681467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13681467" box="[136,1237,1872,1893]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13681467/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" startId="8.[136,243,1872,1893]" targetBox="[245,1335,505,1825]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0E3C36F22832FFB4FF18385F3BC0F881" blockId="8.[136,1237,1872,1893]" box="[136,1237,1872,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FF18385F3E28F881" bold="true" box="[136,317,1872,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">FIGURES 52–61:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9834D712832FFB4FED3385F3D98F881" authority=", LM." authorityName="LM." box="[323,653,1872,1893]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Acanthocerataceae" genus="Acanthoceras" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="zachariasii">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FED3385F3ED2F881" box="[323,455,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Acanthoceras</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FE7B385F3D43F881" box="[491,598,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">zachariasii</emphasis>
, LM.
</taxonomicName>
Specimen from Yalong vally forest park. Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="469965792832FFB5FF2D389A3FEFFE89" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0E3C36F22832FFB5FF2D389A3FEFFE89" blockId="8.[136,1452,1941,2074]" lastBlockId="9.[136,1452,160,365]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FF2D389A3E5AF84A" bold="true" box="[189,335,1941,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Remarks:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9834D712832FFB4FEC0389A3B18F84A" authority="(Brun 1894: 53) Simonsen (1979: 55)" authorityName="Simonsen" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Brun" baseAuthorityPageNumber="53" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[336,1037,1941,1966]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Acanthocerataceae" genus="Acanthoceras" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="zachariasii">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FEC0389A3D7EF84A" box="[336,619,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Acanthoceras zachariasii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A124B032832FFB4FDE8389A3C0CF84A" author="Brun, J." box="[632,793,1941,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="52 - 56" refId="ref5745" refString="Brun, J. (1894) Zwei neue Diatomeen von Ploen. Forschungsberichte aus der Biologischen Station zu Plon 2: 52 - 56." type="journal article" year="1894">Brun 1894: 53</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="6A124B032832FFB4FCB6389A3B18F84A" author="Simonsen, R." box="[806,1037,1941,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="9 - 71" refId="ref6547" refString="Simonsen, R. (1979) The diatom system: ideas on phylogeny. Bacillaria 2: 9 - 71." type="journal article" year="1979">Simonsen (1979: 55)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is the most commonly reported taxon within this genus.
<bibRefCitation id="6A124B032832FFB4FEDE38B63D55F836" author="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Freire, E. G. &amp; Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V." box="[334,576,1977,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref6693" refString="Tremarin, P. I., Freire, E. G., Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V. (2015) Acanthoceras and Urosolenia species (Diatomeae) in subtropical reservoirs from South Brazil: Ultrastructure, distribution and autoecology. Biota Neotropica 15 (1): 1 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 06032014004314" type="journal article" year="2015">
Tremarin
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FE2A38B63EFCF836" box="[442,489,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
observed this species from
<collectingCountry id="769476622832FFB4FCFD38B63CA4F836" box="[877,945,1977,2002]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and presented a comparison of morphological data for this species (
<bibRefCitation id="6A124B032832FFB4FEE138D23D4CF812" author="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Freire, E. G. &amp; Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V." box="[369,601,2013,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref6693" refString="Tremarin, P. I., Freire, E. G., Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V. (2015) Acanthoceras and Urosolenia species (Diatomeae) in subtropical reservoirs from South Brazil: Ultrastructure, distribution and autoecology. Biota Neotropica 15 (1): 1 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 06032014004314" type="journal article" year="2015">
Tremarin
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FE7138D23D04F812" box="[481,529,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
, Table 3). Based on this summary, we can conclude
<taxonomicName id="C9834D712832FFB4FB0A38D23A20F812" authorityName="Simonsen" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Brun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1178,1333,2013,2038]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Acanthocerataceae" genus="Acanthoceras" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="zachariasii">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FB0A38D23BBEF812" box="[1178,1195,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02832FFB4FB2938D23A20F812" box="[1209,1333,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">zachariasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a total frustule length of 12–100 μm, a frustule width of 6–25 μm, a process length of 14.9–70 μm, girdle bands numbering 4–14/10 μm, poroids of the bands 7/1 μm and four teeth at the tip of the calyptra. Since
<bibRefCitation id="6A124B032833FFB5FBCE3FAF3A43FF5D" author="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Freire, E. G. &amp; Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V." box="[1118,1366,160,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref6693" refString="Tremarin, P. I., Freire, E. G., Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V. (2015) Acanthoceras and Urosolenia species (Diatomeae) in subtropical reservoirs from South Brazil: Ultrastructure, distribution and autoecology. Biota Neotropica 15 (1): 1 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 06032014004314" type="journal article" year="2015">
Tremarin
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02833FFB5FB5C3FAF3BE8FF5D" box="[1228,1277,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
did not examine the
<typeStatus id="D13888502833FFB5FE883FCB3E5DFF39" box="[280,328,196,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
material, we are without this basic knowledge of the species. Our specimens do share features with
<taxonomicName id="C9834D712833FFB5FF183FE73E36FEE5" authorityName="Simonsen" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Brun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[136,291,232,257]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Acanthocerataceae" genus="Acanthoceras" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="zachariasii">
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02833FFB5FF183FE73F8CFEE5" box="[136,153,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02833FFB5FF373FE73E36FEE5" box="[167,291,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">zachariasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the documentation assembled by
<bibRefCitation id="6A124B032833FFB5FC983FE73B16FEE5" author="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Freire, E. G. &amp; Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V." box="[776,1027,232,257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref6693" refString="Tremarin, P. I., Freire, E. G., Algarte, V. M. &amp; Ludwig, T. V. (2015) Acanthoceras and Urosolenia species (Diatomeae) in subtropical reservoirs from South Brazil: Ultrastructure, distribution and autoecology. Biota Neotropica 15 (1): 1 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 06032014004314" type="journal article" year="2015">
Tremarin
<emphasis id="3CF7EAE02833FFB5FCE73FE73CBDFEE5" box="[887,936,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
, with the exception that our species is slightly wider and has 5–7 teeth at the tip of the extension. Subsequent examination of the
<typeStatus id="D13888502833FFB5FB153E033BA0FEC1" box="[1157,1205,268,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
material may make it easier to decide whether the variation seen in the Hainan Island specimens warrant separation from the
<typeStatus id="D13888502833FFB5FA963E3F3A23FEAD" box="[1286,1334,304,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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