635 lines
54 KiB
XML
635 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" ID-PMC="PMC4957028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-66-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" ID-PubMed="27489494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="128816" ModsDocID="1314-2003-66-1" checkinTime="1468449185517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra & Vorontsova, Maria S." docDate="2016" docId="69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 66: 1-142" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 66" docPubDate="2016-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" docTitle="Solanum guineense L., Sp. Pl. 184. 1753." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668141734746" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 7 3 AB, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-07-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>66</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-66-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">128816</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127878973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName LSID="69E190FA-337F-0DAF-3AA1-33D49F80AF07" authority="L., Sp. Pl. 184. 1753." authorityName="L., Sp. Pl. 184. 1753." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">Solanum guineense L., Sp. Pl. 184. 1753.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Solanum guineense L. Plate 323 from Icones Plantarum Rariorum vol. 2 (Jacquin 1792 / 1793, as Solanum aggregatum Jacq.), for dates of publication of Jacquin's Icones see Schubert (1945). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Library." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95580" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sempervirens" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">Solanum sempervirens</taxonomicName>
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Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 25. 1768, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">Solanum guineense</taxonomicName>
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L.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Atropa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Atropa solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">Atropa solanacea</taxonomicName>
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L., Mant. Pl. Alt. 205. 1771. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">Solanum guineense</taxonomicName>
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L.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">Solanum aggregatum</taxonomicName>
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Jacq., Collectanea [Jacquin] 4: 124. 1791. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Atropa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Atropa solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">Atropa solanacea</taxonomicName>
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L. (=
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">Solanum guineense</taxonomicName>
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L.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypus" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypus">Solanum dasypus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
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ex Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 161. 1852. Type. South Africa. Western Cape:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Riebeck’s">Riebeck's</normalizedToken>
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Castle, Malmesbury Div.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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J.F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
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1933
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: G-DC; isotypes: K, MO [MO-5471839]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum monticolum" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monticolum">Solanum monticolum</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 161. 1852. Type. South Africa. Western Cape: Piquetberg, Jun 1837 (1838),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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J.F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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[Lycium 7865] (holotype: G-DC [G00145669]; isotypes: BM [BM001071606], K [K000414167, K000414168], MPU [MPU011277], S [S-11-5670]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypus" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypus">Solanum dasypus</taxonomicName>
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E.Mey., Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
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) 103. 1853, nom. illeg., non
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypus" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypus">Solanum dasypus</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, 1852. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypus" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypus">Solanum dasypus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
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ex Dunal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypodum" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypodum">Solanum dasypodum</taxonomicName>
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St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 135. 1880, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypus" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypus">Solanum dasypus</taxonomicName>
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Dunal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dammer" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bachmannii" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bachmannii">Solanum bachmannii</taxonomicName>
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Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 188. 1906. Type. South Africa. Western Cape: Dist. Malmesbury, Darling, Aug 1883,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">F. Bachmann 599</emphasis>
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(type B?, destroyed; no duplicates found).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1917" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum subsp. var. var. bachmannii" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aggregatum" subSpecies="var." variety="bachmannii">Solanum aggregatum Jacq. var. bachmannii</taxonomicName>
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(Dammer) Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 427. 1917. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dammer" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bachmannii" order="Solanales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bachmannii">Solanum bachmannii</taxonomicName>
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Dammer
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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. "In Guinea",
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Wijnands, DO" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B117" refString="Wijnands, DO, 1983. Botany of the Commelins. Balkema, Rotterdam" title="Botany of the Commelins" year="1983">Wijnands 1983</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 193: LINN 246.4)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Lax scrambling many-stemmed shrub to 1 m tall, rhizomatous (?) with extensive underground root system (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">van Breda 4164</emphasis>
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). Stems erect or pendent, terete, glabrous to densely and finely pubescent with minute simple uniseriate gland-tipped trichomes, occasionally also with longer simple 4-5 celled uniseriate trichomes to 0.5 mm long; new growth densely glandular pubescent. Bark of older stems pale yellow-green or greenish brown. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, clustered on short shoots or less commonly evenly distributed along branches. Leaves simple, 1.5-6 cm long, 0.7-3.3 cm wide, ovate or more rarely elliptic, highly variable in size along single branches, apparently somewhat fleshy, both surfaces glabrous to densely and finely pubescent with gland-tipped simple uniseriate trichomes <0.5 mm long and longer, eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, these denser on the veins abaxially, if the leaves glabrous then at least some gland-tipped trichomes found on margins and abaxial veins; major veins 4-5 pairs, not clearly visible; base truncate to cuneate, only slightly decurrent onto the petiole; margins entire or occasionally with a few shallow lobes, with at least some minute gland-tipped simple trichomes; apex bluntly acute; petioles 0.5-2 cm long, glabrous to densely and finely pubescent, pubescence in parallel with the stems, denser in adaxial groove. Inflorescences arising directly from short shoots that sometimes bear condensed scale-like leaves, with 1-3(5) flowers arising all from the same point on the stem, pubescent like the stems; peduncle absent; pedicels 1.2-2.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.1 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading at anthesis, glabrous or finely pubescent with minute simple uniseriate trichomes <0.3 mm long, articulated at the base; pedicel scars closely spaced in what appears to be a fascicle. Buds ovoid, deeply included in the narrowly conical calyx tube, only halfway exserted just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx tube 2-4 mm long, narrowly conical, the lobes 1-2.5 mm long, narrowly triangular or somewhat spathulate, the apex rounded, pubescence like that of the pedicels and stems. Corolla 2-5 cm in diameter, 1-2.7 cm long, pale violet or purple-blue to white with a darker purple centre, stellate, lobed less than halfway to the base, the lobes 10-13 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, narrow and tongue-like with rounded, hooded tips, spread
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<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
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at anthesis, sparsely pubescent along the lobe midvein adaxially, densely pubescent with minute simple papillae abaxially, these denser on the margins and tips. Stamens equal; filament tube very short, almost absent; free portion of the filaments 2-3.5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at the base; anthers 5-5.5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, connivent or slightly spreading, bright yellow, smooth abaxially, the base somewhat sagittate, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 1-1.2 cm long, glabrous; stigma clavate or capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, ca. 1.5 cm in diameter, reddish orange when mature, the pericarp apparently thin and somewhat shiny; fruiting pedicels ca. 2.5 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the base, pendent or spreading; fruiting calyx lobes appressed and covering the lower third to half of the berry. Seeds 5-10 per berry, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, ovoid reniform, brownish red, the surfaces shallowly pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980401" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95580" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. Plate 323 from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Icones Plantarum Rariorum</emphasis>
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vol. 2 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jacquin, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Icones Plantarum Rariorum" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764540?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B58" refString="Jacquin, NJ, 1792 1793. . Icones Plantarum Rariorum vol. 2, Vienna pp., http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764540?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764540?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="vol. 2" year="1792">Jacquin 1792</bibRefCitation>
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/
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<bibRefCitation author="Jacquin, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Icones Plantarum Rariorum" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764540?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B58" refString="Jacquin, NJ, 1792 1793. . Icones Plantarum Rariorum vol. 2, Vienna pp., http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764540?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764540?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="vol. 2" year="1792">1793</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solanum aggregatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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Jacq.), for dates of publication of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacquin’s">Jacquin's</normalizedToken>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Icones</emphasis>
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||
see
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<bibRefCitation author="Schubert, BG" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the Gray Herbarium" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="3 - 23" refId="B95" refString="Schubert, BG, 1945. Publication of Jacquin's Icones Plantarum Rariorum. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 154: 3 - 23" title="Publication of Jacquin's Icones Plantarum Rariorum." volume="154" year="1945">Schubert (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Library.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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(Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Solanum guineense L." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95581" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">8</figureCitation>
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||
). Endemic to the Cape Region of South Africa.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980403" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95581" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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L.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dunes and strand vegetation near the sea, from sea level to 100 m elevation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">South Africa: coastal nightshade.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B56" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11., http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Least Concern (LC). EOO 89,953 km2 (LC), AOO 24 km2 (EN).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a relatively wide range in South Africa, and our calculated AOO indicating conservation concern is likely due to the number of specimems we have examined for this study. The species occurs in protected areas around the Cape, and although not weedy, appears to be common, judging from the photographic records in the online community nature recording site
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">iSpot</emphasis>
|
||
(http://www.ispotnature.org/communities/southern-africa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinctive species, with sessile inflorescences bearing only a few flowers with campanulate to spreading corolla lobes, fleshy leaves
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bright orange fleshy berries (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Solanum guineense L. Plate 323 from Icones Plantarum Rariorum vol. 2 (Jacquin 1792 / 1793, as Solanum aggregatum Jacq.), for dates of publication of Jacquin's Icones see Schubert (1945). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Library." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95580" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only other species with which it could be confused is the sympatric and vegetatively somewhat similar
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum africanum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum africanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with branched inflorescences with more, smaller flowers and blackish purple berries.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum africanum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum africanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a winged stem and rhomboid leaves, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a rounded stem and oblanceolate or obovoid leaves.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was long known by the later name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum aggregatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it was only in the 1950s that the correct name for this South African taxon began to be used (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heine, H" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="245 - 249" publicationUrl="10.2307/4114799" refId="B53" refString="Heine, H, 1960. Notes on Solanum. Kew Bulletin 14: 245 - 249, DOI: 10.2307/4114799" title="Notes on Solanum." url="10.2307/4114799" volume="14" year="1960">Heine 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Mill. is still occasionally used for the Morelloid clade species correctly called
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum scabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum scabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mill., the Garden Huckleberry (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" editor="Beentje, H" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="105 - 125" refId="B44" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2012. Solanum spp. In: Beentje, H, Ed., Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 105 - 125" title="Solanum spp." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae." year="2012">Edmonds 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is based on the basionym
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="guineense">Solanum nigrum var. guineense</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
In describing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Linnaeus apparently copied the locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Guinea”">"Guinea"</normalizedToken>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boerhaave, H" journalOrPublisher="Leiden" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="B11" refString="Boerhaave, H, 1720. Index alter plantarum. Leiden" title="Index alter plantarum" year="1720">Boerhaave (1720)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heine, H" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="245 - 249" publicationUrl="10.2307/4114799" refId="B53" refString="Heine, H, 1960. Notes on Solanum. Kew Bulletin 14: 245 - 249, DOI: 10.2307/4114799" title="Notes on Solanum." url="10.2307/4114799" volume="14" year="1960">Heine (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that Linnaeus used the locality pertaining to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="guineense">Solanum nigrum var. guineense</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. rather than to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boerhaave’s">Boerhaave's</normalizedToken>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum africanum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">Solanum africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
lignosum, folio atroviridi angusto oblong obtuso" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boerhaave, H" journalOrPublisher="Leiden" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="B11" refString="Boerhaave, H, 1720. Index alter plantarum. Leiden" title="Index alter plantarum" year="1720">Boerhaave 1720</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He then later tried to correct his mistake (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Linneaus, C" journalOrPublisher="Salvius, Stockholm" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" refId="B74" refString="Linneaus, C, 1771. Mantissa plantarum altera. Salvius, Stockholm" title="Mantissa plantarum altera" year="1771">Linneaus 1771</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by transferring this morphologically unusual species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Atropa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Atropa" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Atropa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Atropa solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atropa solanacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then used the later name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum aggregatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this taxon, and also as the basis for his subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lyciosolanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Lyciosolanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The unusual few-flowered inflorescences and flowers with petals that only spread at the tips (or at least when dry looking somewhat campanulate) led
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to erect subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lyciosolanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Lyciosolanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seithe, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="261 - 336" refId="B96" refString="Seithe, A, 1962. Die Haararten der Gattung Solanum L. und ihre taxonomische Verwertung. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 81: 261 - 336" title="Die Haararten der Gattung Solanum L. und ihre taxonomische Verwertung." volume="81" year="1962">Seithe (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and subsequent authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="262 - 278" publicationUrl="10.2307/2394758" refId="B23" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1972. Solanaceae studies II: Typification of subdivisions of Solanum. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 59: 262 - 278, DOI: 10.2307/2394758" title="Solanaceae studies II: Typification of subdivisions of Solanum." url="10.2307/2394758" volume="59" year="1972">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) followed this until molecular data showed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was nested within the paraphyletic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“non-spiny”">"non-spiny"</normalizedToken>
|
||
grade of the larger monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohs, L" journalOrPublisher="A festschrift for William G. D'Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="27 - 49" refId="B12" refString="Bohs, L, 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndh F sequences. A festschrift for William G. D'Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 104: 27 - 49" title="Major clades in Solanum based on ndh F sequences." volume="Vol. 104" year="2005">Bohs 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
In describing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sempervirens" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum sempervirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Philip
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, P" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" refId="B84" refString="Miller, P, 1768. The gardeners' dictionary. London" title="The gardeners' dictionary" year="1768">Miller (1768)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited the Linnaean polynomial for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with a word left out ("
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
caule inerme fruticoso, foliis [ovatis] integerrrimis, pedunculis lateralibus filiformibus"). He obviously did not know the species from live plants; he does not describe it in English as he did other species in the work. We think he was equating his
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sempervirens" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum sempervirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the plant named
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same polynomial in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Salvius, Stockholm" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" refId="B73" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1753. Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm" title="Species plantarum" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and consider the names homotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum aggregatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from material cultivated in Vienna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jacquin, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Collectanea ad botanicum" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="B57" refString="Jacquin, NJ, 1791. . Collectanea ad botanicum vol. 4" volume="vol. 4" year="1791">Jacquin 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have found no original material, but
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Atropa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Atropa solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atropa solanacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is cited in the protologue making this name homotypic with it (and with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Dunal used two specimens collected by J.F.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
as the basis for his
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dasypus" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasypus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum dasypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum monticolum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monticolum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum monticolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
"Lycium 7865
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"). They represent leaf shape variants of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum guineense" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum guineense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the label "Lycium 7865" indicates the difficulties collectors had identifying this as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
No original material has been found for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dammer" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bachmannii" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bachmannii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum bachmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we are accepting
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bitter’s">Bitter's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placement of it as a variant of what he called
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum aggregatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dammer, U" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="176 - 196" refId="B26" refString="Dammer, U, 1906 1907. Solanaceae africanae I. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 38: 176 - 196" title="Solanaceae africanae I." volume="38" year="1906">Dammer (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated his new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Solanum aggregatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its thicker leaves and 4-merous flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1912-05" collectorName="Rogers, Adow, Uitenhage, Zeyher" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" location="Baur" municipality="Enon" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Coernie River</collectingCounty>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Enon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Uitenhage Div.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:366C3FBF988A4D3C7D5A0C5954949809" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Baur" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Baur</location>
|
||
153
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:8EC7F9C790DC5E69880B60E29FAE2400" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Graaf Reinet" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Graaf Reinet</location>
|
||
, 1866,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:7CC7C3F67BFA8E0DB410348281FA3EB8" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Bolus" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Bolus</location>
|
||
51
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K, S); along the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:54163FCB02DE5DF958909850FBF1658B" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Sunday River" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Sunday River</location>
|
||
near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:9DCF254CEA50AC22F01F2055DB4E449A" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Monkey Ford" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Monkey Ford</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:E5B2682FABD47635CD80B99592A2E3D8" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Burchell" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Burchell</location>
|
||
2885
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(G-DC, K, LE);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:53A33C577F1CC59562D7C850B585A12C" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Uitenhage" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Uitenhage</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:4731F665F187865A1FFCE08DD0D07E93" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Redhouse" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Redhouse</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1912-05">May 1912</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectorName>Rogers</collectorName>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); in the forests of
|
||
<collectorName>Adow</collectorName>
|
||
, and on the banks of the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:37467C54AF65B53C7CE4564E006D4892" country="South Africa" county="Coernie River" municipality="Enon" name="Zwartkop River" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
|
||
Zwartkop
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">River</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, district of
|
||
<collectorName>Uitenhage</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectorName>Zeyher</collectorName>
|
||
508
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-09-24" collectorName="Acocks" country="South Africa" location="Garies" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:21C7A05FDB455AEAD60DA8C79C3C4D45" country="South Africa" name="Garies" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Garies</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Garies">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4484096" unit="mi" value="9.0">9 miles</quantity>
|
||
NNW of Garies
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1948-09-24">24 Sep 1948</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectorName>Acocks</collectorName>
|
||
14946
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K, S)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1846-08-20" collectingDateMax="1982-09-15" collectingDateMin="1846-08-20" collectorName="Kanonberg, S, van Breda, Van Rhyns Pass, van den Merwe, Caledon AD, van Zyl" country="South Africa" county="Stikland" location="Table Mountain" municipality="Nortier Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Stikland</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Strand" secondLocation="Pearl Roads">between Strand and Pearl Roads</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1932-07">Jul 1932</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acocks 403</emphasis>
|
||
(S);
|
||
<collectorName>Kanonberg, S</collectorName>
|
||
spur, overlooking Bottelary Road,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1933-07-01">1 Jul 1933</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acocks 2767</emphasis>
|
||
(S); above Victoria Road
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Camps Bay" secondLocation="Clifton">between Camps Bay and Clifton</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1935-05-22">22 May 1935</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acocks 4561</emphasis>
|
||
(S);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Nortier Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Lambert's Bay">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
N of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lambert’s">Lambert's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1970-07-10">10 Jul 1970</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectorName>van Breda</collectorName>
|
||
4164
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Good Hope, Cap. Bona Spei (S sheet - 'Tafelberg [
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:D8EB11473CD6B9709AA01596FCFC86FB" country="South Africa" county="Stikland" municipality="Nortier Reserve" name="Table Mountain" stateProvince="Western Cape">Table Mountain</location>
|
||
]),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
178
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, E, LE, S);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:5871E418F30C5AFC9DBC894A4463D68A" country="South Africa" county="Stikland" municipality="Nortier Reserve" name="Kalk Bay Mountains" stateProvince="Western Cape">Kalk Bay Mountains</location>
|
||
, at summit R,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1934-04-07">7 Apr 1934</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Galpin 12630</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<collectorName>Van Rhyns Pass</collectorName>
|
||
, near top just below TMS system,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1976-10-15">15 Oct 1976</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Goldblatt 4326</emphasis>
|
||
(K, S);
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Hout Bay" secondLocation="Chapman's Peak">
|
||
between Hout Bay and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chapman’s">Chapman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Peak
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1945-06-27">27 Jun 1945</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Leighton 987</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Paarlberg,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1962-04-24">24 Apr 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectorName>van den Merwe</collectorName>
|
||
996
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Atties Bed, (Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition to the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:AA42558D39BDA4EA566D24DF76747BD2" country="South Africa" county="Stikland" municipality="Nortier Reserve" name="Orange River" stateProvince="Western Cape">Orange River</location>
|
||
1910-1911),
|
||
<collectingDate value="1910-12-01">1 Dec 1910</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pillans 5436</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Stellenbosch,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1846-08-20">20 Aug 1846</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Prior s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69E190FA337F0DAF3AA133D49F80AF07:145FB60039E1E7C14EF13CDDC2B36212" country="South Africa" county="Stikland" municipality="Nortier Reserve" name="Camp's Bay" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camp’s">Camp's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1847-05-11">11 May 1847</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Prior s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Piquetberg [Terra Capensis],
|
||
<collectingDate value="1896-06-24">24 Jun 1896</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Schlechter 7896</emphasis>
|
||
(G x2, K, LE); Klippies Baai, 3419
|
||
<collectorName>Caledon AD</collectorName>
|
||
, Voelklip, Hermanus,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1980-03-09">9 Mar 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Williams 192</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Kliphuewel, Farm Spieka
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Klipheuwel">SE of Klipheuwel</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1982-09-15">15 Sep 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectorName>van Zyl</collectorName>
|
||
3136
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |